Sensitive

MAN, MACHINE INTERFACE (MMI)

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 1

Sensitive

❑ MAN, MACHINE INTERFACE BACKGROUND

❑ CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
❑ HAZARDS WHILE WORKING WITH EQUIPMENT
❑ BLIND SPOTS
CONTENTS ❑ CONTROL MEASURES
❑ ESTABLISHING THE WORK ZONE WHILE
WORKING WITH EQUIPMENT
❑ BLIND SPOTS AND SAFE WORKING ZONES
❑ RED ZONE
❑ AMBER ZONE
❑ GREEN ZONE

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 2

Sensitive

After these slides you shall be able to understand:

❑ What are the typical types of construction equipment and what is the
background of the Man Machine interface ( MMI )

❑ What are the generic hazards while working with the heavy plant and
equipment

LEARNING ❑ What are blind spots and how to eliminate them.

OUTCOMES ❑ What are the typical blind spots for different types of equipment.

❑ What are ‘Safe Working Zones’ and how to establish them.

❑ What are the additional control measures when zones are defined

❑ What are the responsibilities of all employees while working with plant &
equipment (exposed to MMI).

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 3

Sensitive

Working around heavy equipment can be extremely dangerous.

Too many workers are killed each year when they are crushed
or otherwise struck by these pieces of machinery.
According to OSHA, the #2 construction work related fatality is
being struck by a vehicle or other object.
About 75% of these fatalities involve trucks, cranes, and other
heavy equipment.
It’s important to know the safety precautions when working with
heavy equipment such as dump trucks, front-end loaders,

MAN & MACHINE cranes, excavators, Bob Cats, FLT’s, Concrete Trucks etc. etc.

INTERFACE
BACKGROUND

4
Sensitive

TYPICAL
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT

Roller
Dump truck
Excavator
Grader
Skid loader / Bob Cat
Backhoe
Front End Loader
Mobile Crane

5
Sensitive

TYPICAL MMI HAZARDS

6
TYPICAL
Sensitive

HAZARDS WHILE
WORKING WITH
EQUIPMENT

•Blind spots or reduced visibility.

•Rotating machinery.
•Swing radius.
•Travel path.
•Suspended or overhead loads.
•Overhead hazards (i.e., overhead
utility lines, cable trays, etc.)
•Working around existing
underground utilities.
Crushing
High Noise Levels
•Proximity of moving equipment.
7
Sensitive

CURTAINS
AROUND THE
OPERATOR CABIN

CURTAINS MUST NOT BE

FITTED IN THE CAB OF THE
EQUIPMENT

8
Sensitive

CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
BLIND SPOTS
Operators of plant &
equipment can often have
restricted visibility of ground
workers close to the plant.

Pictures to the right show

some of the typical blind
spots for operators of
excavation equipment.

It is important to note there

will always be a blind spot for
the operator in line with the
boom.
Workers should only
approach the operator after
receiving an ‘OK to approach’
signal.

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 9

Sensitive

BLIND SPOT

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 10

Sensitive

CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE BLIND SPOTS OF THE DUMP TRUCK?

11
Sensitive

BLIND SPOTS OF A
FORWARD FACING
DUMP TRUCK

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 12

Sensitive

CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE BLIND SPOTS OF A GRADER?

13
Sensitive

BLIND SPOTS OF
GRADER

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 14

Sensitive

CONTROL
MEASURES

ESTABLISHNG
SAFE WORK ZONES

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 15

Sensitive

IMPLEMENT A
‘NO BOOTS ON
THE GROUND’ DO YOU REALLY NEED TO GO
POLICY NEAR THE EQUIPMENT

NO! YES!
OBEY THE FLAG MAN & ATTEND MMI TRAINING
STAY AWAY FROM FIRST AND FOLLOW THE
EQUIPMENT CONTROL MEASURES

16
Sensitive

Red Zone: Within 3-meter radius of equipment

(3m is approximately equal to 4 cricket bats laid end-
to-end)
Entry is prohibited unless the machine is completely isolated, the engine is
switched off and a specific safe system of work is in place that prevents the
machine being operated either inadvertently or deliberately.

ESTABLISHING Amber Zone: Within 7-meter Radius of equipment

THE WORK ZONE Entry is prohibited until positive visual contact is confirmed by the plant
operator (e.g., thumbs up), authorization from the flagman, any tippers/ dipper
WHILE WORKING arms and/or hydraulics must be grounded (crowd-in), the machine is
immobilized and the engine is switched off.
WITH Where work in the amber zone is unavoidable a robust, task specific, safe
EQUIPMENT system of work must be produced which minimizes the time spent within the
zone and includes detailed controls for communication between the machine
operator and the flagman.

Green Zone: 10-meter Radius of equipment

Green zone is considered as safe area, out of the reach of the equipment, no
blind spots and minimum 10 meters from the radius of the equipment from
every angle.

17
Sensitive

WORKING ZONES

IN GREEN
IN RED IN AMBER ZONE
ZONE ZONE

10M
7M
3M

18
Sensitive

3M

RED ZONE 3M 3M
While you are working, moving or
simply passing by within 3 meters
of the any Plant / equipment you
3M 3M
are in the RED zone with a higher
chance to be struck by the
equipment!
3M 3M

3M

19
Sensitive

7M

AMBER ZONE 7M 7M

While you are working, moving

or simply passing by within 7 7M 7M
meters of any heavy
equipment, you are in the
Amber zone, still with a high
probability of being struck by 7M 7M
the equipment!

7M

20
Sensitive
10M
10M 10M

10M 10M

10M 10M
10M
Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 21
Sensitive

NO ENTRY IN RED
AND AMBER 7M

ZONE WITHOUT 3M
MMI TRAINING

Entry is prohibited in red and amber

zones for any staff including manager,
supervisor, foreman, flag man,
surveyors helper etc. Entry is allowed
only after receiving an ‘OK to
approach’ signal form the operator.

22
Sensitive

HI-VISIBILTY VEST

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 23

Sensitive

OTHER PPE

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 24

Sensitive

REAR VIEW MIRRORS &

REVERSE CAMERAS

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 25

Sensitive

ALWAYS MAINTAIN
EYE CONTACT

Multiple Equipment may mean multiple blind spots…

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 26

Sensitive

Stop Movement
The right arm points upwards with
the palm facing forwards

NEED TO KNOW
HAND SIGNALS

Danger – Emergency Stop

Both arms point upwards with the
palms facing forwards

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 27

Sensitive

SEGREGATE THE EQUIPMENT

AND PEDESTRIAN

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 28

Sensitive

SEGREGATE
PEDESTRIANS
AND VEHICLES

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 29

Sensitive

CONTRACTOR OBLIGATIONS FOR HEAVY PLANT & EQUIPMENT

• APPROVED TMP - REGULAR AUDITING

• TRAINED BANKSMAN / FLAGMAN. REFRESHER EVERY 6-MONTHS. ID CARD / STICKER. LAST
RESORT
• SECURE PARKING – KEYS REMOVED – BUCKETS GROUNDED
• PDI, ANNUAL 3RD PARTY, QUARTERLY, MONTHLY, WEEKLY, DAILY CHECKS – KEEP RECORDS
• COMPETENT OPERATORS, 3RD PARTY CERT & SAG (FOR ROAD USE)
• WELL MAINTAINED INCLUDING TYRES / TRACKS, NO LEAKS
• AUDIBLE REVERSE ALARM
• SOLID PHYSICAL BARRIERS – NOT TAPE & PIN

Sensit ive / Conf idential / Proprietary 30