Revel in Maths

Grade 8
Chapter 7
Let’s Recall
1. (a) Let the number be x.
x + x/2 = −9.
Simplify:
(2x + x)/2 = −9 ⇒ 3x/2 = −9.
Linear equation:
3x = −18 (Multiply by 2).
(b) Let the number be x.
2x + 15 = 43.
(c) Let the number be x.
x/2 – 10 = 45.
Simplify:
x/2 = 55 ⇒ x = 110(Multiply by 2).
(d) Let the number be x.
11x + 19 = 52.
2. (a) 3x + 2 = 14; x = 4
Substitute x = 4 into the equation:
3(4) + 2 = 12 + 2 = 14.
Since 14 = 14, x = 4 is a solution.
(b) 2y + 5 = −37; y = −20
Substitute y = −20 into the equation:
2(−20) + 5 = −40 + 5 = −35.
Since −35 ≠ −37, y = −20 is not a solution.
(c) ax – b = 0; x = b/a
Substitute x = b/a into the equation:
a(b/a) – b = b – b = 0.
Since 0 = 0, x = b/a is a solution.
3. (a) If 2m + 9 = 10, then 2m =?
Subtract 9 from both sides:
2m = 10 – 9 = 1.
(b) If p – 8 = −10, then p/4 =?
Add 8 to both sides:
P = −10 + 8 = −2.
Divide by 4:
p/4 = –2/4 = −1/2.

Exercise 7.1
1. (a) 3(2x − 1) + 6(x − 2) = 9
Expand both terms:
6x – 3 + 6x – 12 = 9.
Simplify:
12x – 15 = 9.
Add 15 to both sides:
12x = 24.
Divide by 12:
x = 2.
Verification: Substitute x = 2 into the original equation:
3(2(2) − 1) + 6(2 − 2) = 9 ⇒ 3(4 − 1) + 6(0) = 9 ⇒ 9 = 9.
Solution verified.
(b) 0.5m − (3m − 1) = 5m − 4
Simplify:
0.5m − 3m + 1 = 5m − 4.
Combine like terms:
−2.5m + 1 = 5m − 4.
Subtract 1 from both sides:
−2.5m = 5m − 5.
Add 2.5m to both sides:
0 = 7.5m − 5.
Add 5:
5 = 7.5m.
Divide by 7.5:
m = 2/3.
Verification: Substitute m = 2/3 into the original equation and verify.
(c) 3/5 y + 1 = 2/5 − 3y
Simplify:
3/5 y + 3y = 2/5 −1.
Combine like terms:
3/5 y + 15/5 y = −3/5.
18/5 y = −3/5.
Multiply through by 5:
18y = −3 ⇒ y = −1/6.
Verification: Substitute y = −1/6 into the original equation and verify.
(d) 9.8x − 13.8 = 2.7 – 1/5 x
Add 1/5 x to both sides:
9.8x + 1/5 x = 2.7 + 13.8.
Simplify:
(9.8 + 1/5)x = 16.5.
49/5 x = 16.5.
Multiply by 5 and divide by 49:
x = (16.5 × 5)/49 = 82.5/49 = 165/98.
Verification: Substitute x = 165/98 into the original equation and verify.
(e) 15(z − 4) − 2(z − 9) + 5(z + 6) = 0
Expand:
15z – 60 − 2z + 18 + 5z + 30 = 0.
Combine like terms:
 (15z − 2z + 5z) + (−60 + 18 + 30) = 0.
18z – 12 = 0.
Add 12 to both sides:
18z = 12.
Divide by 18:
z = 2/3
Verification: Substitute z = 2/3 into the original equation and verify.
(f) (x + 5)/2 + (x – 5)/3 = 25/6
Simplify using a common denominator:
(3(x + 5) + 2(x − 5))/6 = 25/6.
Expand:
(3x + 15 + 2x – 10)/6 = 25/6.
(5x + 5)/6 = 25/6.
Multiply through by 6:
5x + 5 = 25.
Subtract 5:
5x = 20.
Divide by 5:
x = 4.
Verification: Substitute x = 4 into the original equation and verify.
2. (a) (x – 3)/(x + 3) = 5/6
Cross-multiply:
6(x − 3) = 5(x + 3).
Expand:
6x – 18 = 5x + 15.
Simplify:
6x − 5x = 15 + 18.
x = 33.
(b) (2x + 1)/(3x – 1) = 3/2
Cross-multiply:
2(2x + 1) = 3(3x − 1).
Expand:
4x + 2 = 9x − 3.
Simplify:
4x – 9x = −3 − 2.
−5x = −5.
x = 1.
(c) 1/(2x+1) – 1/(3x – 1) = 0
Bring to a common denominator:

Simplify the numerator:

The numerator must be 0:
x – 2 = 0.
x = 2.
(d) 3x/(5x + 2) = −4
Cross-multiply:
3x = −4(5x + 2).
Expand:
3x = −20x − 8.
Simplify:
3x + 20x = −8.
23x = −8.
Divide by 23:
x = −8/23.
(e)

Cross-multiply:
(3p + 5)(4p + 7) = (3p + 4)(4p + 2).
Expand both sides:
12p2 + 35p + 20p + 35 = 12p2 + 12p + 16p + 8.
Simplify:
12p2 + 55p + 35 = 12p2 + 28p + 8.
Cancel 12p2:
55p + 35 = 28p + 8.
Simplify:
55p − 28p = 8 − 35.
27p = −27.
p = −1.
(f)

Bring to a common denominator:

Simplify the numerator:

 The numerator must be 0:
m + 5=0.
m = −5.
3. Start with x = −5.
Multiply both sides by 2:
2x = −10.
Add 3x to both sides:
2x + 3x = 3x − 10.
Simplify:
5x = 3x − 10.
This is the required equation:
5x = 3x − 10.
4. Solve for a:
5a/3 − 2a/3 = 4.
Combine terms:
3a/3 = 4 ⇒ a = 4.
Find 2a − 7:
2a – 7 = 2(4) – 7 = 8 – 7 = 1.

Exercise 7.2
1. Let the smaller number be x.
The greater number will be 90 − x.
According to the problem:
90 – x = 2x + 15.
Simplify:
90 = 3x + 15.
3x = 75.
x = 25.
The smaller number is 25, and the greater number is:
90 – 25 = 65.
The numbers are 25 and 65.
2. Let the ones digit be x.
The tens digit is 3x.
The number is 10(3x) + x = 31.
The reversed number is 10x + 3x = 13x.
According to the problem:
31x + 13x = 88.
44x = 88.
x = 2.
The ones digit is 2, and the tens digit is:
 3 × 2 = 6.
The number is 62.
3. Let the tens digit be x, and the ones digit be y.
The number is 10x + y.
The reversed number is 10y + x.
According to the problem:
x + y = 9.
10x + y – 9 = 10y + x.
From the second equation:
10x + y – 9 = 10y + x.
Simplify:
9x – 9 = 9y.
x – 1 = y.
Substitute y = x − 1 into x + y = 9:
x + (x − 1) = 9.
2x – 1 = 9.
2x = 10.
x = 5.
The tens digit is 5, and the ones digit is:
y = 9 – 5 = 4.
The number is 54.
4. Let Robin's age be x.
His father's age is x + 25.
After 10 years, their ages will be:
(x + 10) and (x + 25 + 10).
According to the problem:

Cross-multiply:
2(x + 10) = x + 35.
2x + 20 = x + 35.
2x – x = 35 − 20.
x = 15.
Robin's age is 15, and his father's age is:
15 + 25 = 40.
Robin is 15 years old, and his father is 40 years old.
5. Let the numerator be x.
The denominator is 2x + 1.
The fraction becomes:

Cross-multiply:
5(x + 3) = 4(2x + 3).
Expand:
5x + 15 = 8x + 12.
Simplify:
 5x − 8x = 12 − 15.
−3x = −3.
x = 1.
The numerator is 1, and the denominator is:
2(1) + 1 = 3.
The fraction is 1/3.
6. The sum of the sides is 300:
4x + 4x + 7x = 300.
15x = 300.
x = 20.
The sides are:
4x = 80, 4x = 80, 7x = 140.
The sides are 80, 80, and 140 units.
7. Let the breadth be x.
The length is x + 7.
The original area is:
x(x + 7).
The new length and breadth are x + 3 and x + 7 – 4 = x + 3.
The new area is:
(x + 3)(x + 3).
Equate the areas:
x(x + 7) = (x + 3)(x + 3).
Expand both sides:
x2 + 7x = x2 + 6x + 9.
Simplify:
7x − 6x = 9.
x = 9.
The breadth is 9, and the length is:
9 + 7 = 16.
The length is 16 cm, and the breadth is 9 cm.
8. Let the breadth be x.
The length is x + 15.
The perimeter is:
2(x + x + 15) = 90.
Simplify:
2(2x + 15) = 90.
4x + 30 = 90.
4x = 60.
x = 15.
The breadth is 15, and the length is:
15 + 15 = 30.
The length is 30 m, and the breadth is 15 m.

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