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MAN, MACHINE INTERFACE (MMI)

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MAN, MACHINE INTERFACE BACKGROUND

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
HAZARDS WHILE WORKING WITH EQUIPMENT
BLIND SPOTS
CONTENTS CONTROL MEASURES
ESTABLISHING THE WORK ZONE WHILE
WORKING WITH EQUIPMENT
BLIND SPOTS AND SAFE WORKING ZONES
RED ZONE
AMBER ZONE
GREEN ZONE

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After these slides you shall be able to understand:

What are the typical types of construction equipment and what is the
background of the Man Machine interface ( MMI )

What are the generic hazards while working with the heavy plant and
equipment

LEARNING What are blind spots and how to eliminate them.

OUTCOMES What are the typical blind spots for different types of equipment.

What are the additional control measures when zones are defined

What are the responsibilities of all employees while working with plant &
equipment (exposed to MMI).

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Working around heavy equipment can be extremely dangerous.

Too many workers are killed each year when they are crushed
or otherwise struck by these pieces of machinery.
According to OSHA, the #2 construction work related fatality is
being struck by a vehicle or other object.
About 75% of these fatalities involve trucks, cranes, and other
heavy equipment.
with
heavy equipment such as dump trucks, front-end loaders,

MAN & MACHINE etc.

INTERFACE
BACKGROUND

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TYPICAL
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT

Roller
Dump truck
Excavator
Grader
Skid loader / Bob Cat
Backhoe
Front End Loader
Mobile Crane

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TYPICAL MMI HAZARDS

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TYPICAL
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HAZARDS WHILE
WORKING WITH
EQUIPMENT

Suspended or overhead loads.

utility lines, cable trays, etc.)

underground utilities.
Crushing
High Noise Levels

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CURTAINS
AROUND THE
OPERATOR CABIN

CURTAINS MUST NOT BE

FITTED IN THE CAB OF THE
EQUIPMENT

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CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
BLIND SPOTS
Operators of plant &
equipment can often have
restricted visibility of ground
workers close to the plant.

Pictures to the right show

some of the typical blind
spots for operators of
excavation equipment.

It is important to note there

will always be a blind spot for
the operator in line with the
boom.
Workers should only
approach the operator after

signal.

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BLIND SPOT

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CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE BLIND SPOTS OF THE DUMP TRUCK?

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BLIND SPOTS OF A
FORWARD FACING
DUMP TRUCK

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CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE BLIND SPOTS OF A GRADER?

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BLIND SPOTS OF
GRADER

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CONTROL
MEASURES

ESTABLISHNG
SAFE WORK ZONES

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IMPLEMENT A
DO YOU REALLY NEED TO GO
POLICY NEAR THE EQUIPMENT

NO! YES!
OBEY THE FLAG MAN & ATTEND MMI TRAINING
STAY AWAY FROM FIRST AND FOLLOW THE
EQUIPMENT CONTROL MEASURES

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Red Zone: Within 3-meter radius of equipment

(3m is approximately equal to 4 cricket bats laid end-
to-end)
Entry is prohibited unless the machine is completely isolated, the engine is
switched off and a specific safe system of work is in place that prevents the
machine being operated either inadvertently or deliberately.

ESTABLISHING Amber Zone: Within 7-meter Radius of equipment

Entry is prohibited until positive visual contact is confirmed by the plant
THE WORK ZONE operator (e.g., thumbs up), authorization from the flagman, any tippers/ dipper
WHILE WORKING arms and/or hydraulics must be grounded (crowd-in), the machine is
immobilized and the engine is switched off.
WITH Where work in the amber zone is unavoidable a robust, task specific, safe
EQUIPMENT system of work must be produced which minimizes the time spent within the
zone and includes detailed controls for communication between the machine
operator and the flagman.

Green Zone: 10-meter Radius of equipment

Green zone is considered as safe area, out of the reach of the equipment, no
blind spots and minimum 10 meters from the radius of the equipment from
every angle.

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WORKING ZONES

IN GREEN
IN RED IN AMBER ZONE
ZONE ZONE

10M
7M
3M

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3M

RED ZONE 3M 3M
While you are working, moving or
simply passing by within 3 meters
of the any Plant / equipment you
3M 3M
are in the RED zone with a higher
chance to be struck by the
equipment!
3M 3M

3M

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7M

AMBER ZONE 7M 7M

While you are working, moving

or simply passing by within 7
7M 7M
meters of any heavy
equipment, you are in the
Amber zone, still with a high
probability of being struck by 7M 7M
the equipment!

7M

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10M
10M 10M

10M 10M

10M 10M
10M
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NO ENTRY IN RED
AND AMBER 7M

ZONE WITHOUT 3M
MMI TRAINING

Entry is prohibited in red and amber

zones for any staff including manager,
supervisor, foreman, flag man,
surveyors helper etc. Entry is allowed
only after
.

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HI-VISIBILTY VEST

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OTHER PPE

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REAR VIEW MIRRORS &

REVERSE CAMERAS

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ALWAYS MAINTAIN
EYE CONTACT

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Stop Movement
The right arm points upwards with
the palm facing forwards

NEED TO KNOW
HAND SIGNALS

Danger Emergency Stop

Both arms point upwards with the
palms facing forwards

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SEGREGATE THE EQUIPMENT

AND PEDESTRIAN

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SEGREGATE
PEDESTRIANS
AND VEHICLES

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CONTRACTOR OBLIGATIONS FOR HEAVY PLANT & EQUIPMENT

APPROVED TMP - REGULAR AUDITING

TRAINED BANKSMAN / FLAGMAN. REFRESHER EVERY 6-MONTHS. ID CARD / STICKER. LAST
RESORT
SECURE PARKING KEYS REMOVED BUCKETS GROUNDED
PDI, ANNUAL 3RD PARTY, QUARTERLY, MONTHLY, WEEKLY, DAILY CHECKS KEEP RECORDS
COMPETENT OPERATORS, 3RD PARTY CERT & SAG (FOR ROAD USE)
WELL MAINTAINED INCLUDING TYRES / TRACKS, NO LEAKS
AUDIBLE REVERSE ALARM
SOLID PHYSICAL BARRIERS NOT TAPE & PIN

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