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MySQL Constraints and Aggregate Functions

The document provides quick notes on MySQL constraints and aggregate functions. It details various constraints such as NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK, DEFAULT, and INDEX with examples of their usage. Additionally, it outlines aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, and GROUP_CONCAT, along with their respective SQL syntax.

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umeedforyou.2025
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5 views1 page

MySQL Constraints and Aggregate Functions

The document provides quick notes on MySQL constraints and aggregate functions. It details various constraints such as NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK, DEFAULT, and INDEX with examples of their usage. Additionally, it outlines aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, and GROUP_CONCAT, along with their respective SQL syntax.

Uploaded by

umeedforyou.2025
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MySQL Quick Notes

MySQL Constraints
NOT NULL: Ensures a column cannot have NULL values.
CREATE TABLE users (id INT NOT NULL);

UNIQUE: Ensures all values in a column are different.


CREATE TABLE users (email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE);

PRIMARY KEY: Uniquely identifies each record in a table.


CREATE TABLE users (id INT PRIMARY KEY);

FOREIGN KEY: Links two tables using a related column.


CREATE TABLE orders (user_id INT, FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES
users(id));

CHECK: Ensures that column values satisfy a condition.


CREATE TABLE products (price DECIMAL CHECK (price > 0));

DEFAULT: Sets a default value if no value is provided.


CREATE TABLE users (status VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'active');

INDEX: Improves query performance by creating indexes.


CREATE INDEX idx_name ON users(name);

MySQL Aggregate Functions


COUNT(): Returns the number of rows that match a condition.
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users;

SUM(): Returns the total sum of a numeric column.


SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;

AVG(): Returns the average value of a numeric column.


SELECT AVG(age) FROM students;

MIN(): Returns the smallest value in a set.


SELECT MIN(price) FROM products;

MAX(): Returns the largest value in a set.


SELECT MAX(score) FROM tests;

GROUP_CONCAT(): Concatenates values from multiple rows into one string.


SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(name) FROM employees;

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