Slide 1: Title Slide – Anatomy and Physiology of Reproduction

Script:
“Hello class! Welcome to Lesson 4: Anatomy and Physiology of Reproduction. Today, we
will explore how the human body is designed to reproduce, and the important terms connected to
it. Don’t worry, gagawin nating simple at madali maintindihan. Ready na ba kayo?”

Question:
“Who can share what comes to your mind when you hear the word reproduction?”

Slide 2: Definition of Terms – Human Reproductive System

Script:
“The human reproductive system is the organ system by which humans reproduce and bear
live offspring. Ibig sabihin, ito ‘yung parte ng katawan na responsible sa paggawa ng panibagong
tao. Without this system, hindi tayo magkakaroon ng bagong generation.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya important na maintindihan natin ang reproductive system?”

Slide 3: Definition of Terms – Reproduction

Script:
“Reproduction is the process of producing sperms. Pero take note, hindi lang siya tungkol sa
sperm. It also involves egg cells in females. Parang teamwork—kailangan ng sperm at egg para
makabuo ng bagong buhay. Kung walang isa, hindi kompleto ang proseso.”

Question:
“Kung teamwork ang sperm at egg, ano kaya mangyayari kung walang cooperation?”

Slide 4: Definition of Terms – Genitals

Script:
“The genitals are the external sex organs. Sa Tagalog, ito ‘yung nakikita natin sa labas ng
reproductive system. Important sila kasi sila ang access point or gateway para sa proseso ng
reproduction.”

Question:
“Why do you think kailangan nating irespeto at alagaan ang ating external sex organs?”
Slide 5: Definition of Terms – Primary Sex Characteristics

Script:
“Primary sex characteristics are the sex characteristics present at birth. Halimbawa, kapag
ipinanganak ang baby, makikita agad kung male or female dahil sa external organs niya. These
are natural and hindi na nagbabago.”

Question:
“Can you give an example of a primary sex characteristic?”

Slide 6: Definition of Terms – Secondary Sex Characteristics

Script:
“Secondary sex characteristics naman are sex characteristics that emerge during puberty. Ito
yung mga pagbabago na nangyayari habang lumalaki tayo, like pagbabago ng boses, pag-usbong
ng buhok sa katawan, at development ng breasts sa girls. Hindi ito nakikita sa baby, kundi sa
adolescence.”

Question:
“Sino dito ang nakapansin na may mga pagbabago sa katawan ninyo noong nagbinata o
nagdalaga?”

Slide 7: Definition of Terms – Gonads

Script:
“Gonads are the reproductive organs of humans. Para sa lalaki, ito ay testes; at para sa babae, ito
ay ovaries. They produce two important things: germ cells (egg or sperm) at sex hormones na
nagco-control ng growth at reproduction.”

Question:
“Kung wala tayong gonads, sa tingin niyo ba magiging possible pa ang reproduction?”

Slide 8: Definition of Terms – Puberty

Script:
“Puberty is a phase of rapid growth kung saan ang katawan ay nagiging reproductive mature.
Ibig sabihin, dito nagsisimula ang big changes sa katawan at emosyon natin. Minsan exciting,
pero minsan nakakalito rin. Pero don’t worry—it’s normal for everyone.”
Question:
“Class, ano-ano ang mga naramdaman ninyong pagbabago noong nagsimula kayo sa puberty?”

Slide 9: Introduction – Changes from Childhood to Adulthood

Script:
“Humans experience physical and emotional changes from childhood to adulthood. Sa madaling
salita, habang lumalaki tayo, nag-iiba rin ang katawan at emosyon natin. Pero take note: these
changes are not the same for everyone. Some mature earlier, some later. Kaya normal lang kung
iba-iba ang pace natin.”

Question:
“Do you know someone na mas maaga o mas huli nagka-puberty kaysa sa inyo? Ano kaya
pakiramdam nila?”

Slide 10: Introduction – Gonads and Germ Cells

Script:
“Each person has a pair of gonads: ovaries for females at testes for males. The gonads produce
germ cells and sex hormones. Para sa babae, the germ cells are called ova or egg cells, at para
sa lalaki, sperm cells. When sperm and egg meet, that’s the start of creating new life. Ang
hormones naman, sila yung nagco-control ng lahat ng changes sa puberty.”

Question:
“Kung wala tayong sex hormones, ano kaya mangyayari sa ating growth at development?”

Slide 11: The Biological Female – Introduction

Script:
“Ngayon naman, class, let’s talk about the biological female. The female sexual anatomy is
designed for three big things: producing the ovum (egg cell), fertilizing it with sperm, at
pagdadala at panganganak ng baby. Kaya makikita natin na very special ang role ng female
reproductive system.

During puberty, doon nagiging fully developed ang mga organs na kailangan para sa
reproduction. Ibig sabihin, after puberty, the female body becomes capable of having a baby.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya importante na maintindihan ng babae at lalaki ang structure ng female
reproductive system, kahit hindi sila parehong babae?”
Slide 12: Female External Genitalia

Script:
“The female external genitalia ay mga parte ng katawan na makikita sa labas. Sila ang nagpo-
provide ng protection at may role din sa sexual reproduction. May iba’t ibang parts dito, and
each has a specific function. Tingnan natin isa-isa.”

Question:
“Bakit kaya importante na may external parts na nagpo-protect sa internal reproductive organs?”

Slide 13: Labia Majora

Script:
“Una, we have the Labia majora. Ito yung outer lips na nakapalibot sa lahat ng ibang
structures. Para siyang protective cover, parang pinto na nagbabantay sa loob. May mga sweat at
oil glands din dito para mapanatiling malinis at protected ang area.”

Question:
“Kung wala ang labia majora, ano kaya mangyayari sa mga inner parts ng reproductive system?”

Slide 14: Prepuce (Clitoral Hood)

Script:
“Next is the Prepuce, or clitoral hood. Para siyang maliit na ‘balat’ na nakatakip sa clitoris—
parang foreskin. Ang role nito ay protektahan ang clitoris kasi sobrang sensitive ang part na
‘yon. Kung wala siya, baka madaling ma-irritate o masaktan ang clitoris.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya may mga body parts tayo na may extra cover or protection?”

Slide 15: Clitoris

Script:
“Now, we have the Clitoris. This part is made up of a glans (head), shaft, and crura (root).
Ang clitoris ay very sensitive to stimulation dahil sobrang dami niyang nerve endings. Its main
function is sexual pleasure, which is also important kasi it motivates humans to reproduce. Hindi
siya directly involved sa pag-produce ng egg, pero malaking parte siya ng sexual response.”
Question:
“Kung ang clitoris ay napaka-sensitive, sa tingin niyo bakit kaya importante ito sa reproduction
kahit hindi siya gumagawa ng egg o sperm?”

Slide 16: Labia Minora

Script:
“Next, we have the Labia minora, or inner lips. Ito naman yung nakapalibot sa vestibule. Dito
makikita ang maraming sweat and oil glands, blood vessels, and nerve endings. Dahil dito,
sobrang sensitive din siya at may role sa both protection at sexual stimulation. It also helps keep
the area moist and healthy.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya mahalaga na may oil glands at blood vessels dito sa labia minora?”

Slide 17: Mons Pubis

Script:
“Finally, we have the Mons pubis. Ito yung mataba o fleshy part located over the pubic bone at
sa may harapan ng pubic symphysis joint. May glands dito na naglalabas ng pheromones—
substances that are involved in sexual attraction. Kaya scientifically, ito rin ay may role sa
attraction between humans.”

Question:
“Class, interesting diba? Kung ang mons pubis ay naglalabas ng pheromones, paano kaya ito
nakakaapekto sa human relationships at attraction?”

Slide 18: Female Internal Reproductive Structures – Introduction

Script:
“After learning about the external parts, ngayon naman, class, let’s go deeper inside the body
and explore the internal reproductive structures of the female. These are the organs hidden
inside the pelvic area, at sila talaga ang gumagawa ng malaking trabaho sa reproduction—like
carrying a baby, producing hormones, at kung saan nagaganap ang fertilization. Tingnan natin
isa-isa.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya mas protected sa loob ng katawan ang internal reproductive organs kaysa sa
external?”
Slide 19: Vagina

Script:
“First is the Vagina. The vagina is a collapsible canal that extends mula sa vaginal opening,
papasok at pataas hanggang sa cervix at uterus. Para siyang daanan o passageway. May tatlong
important roles siya:

1. Dito dumadaan ang menstrual flow kapag may regla,

2. Ito rin ang passageway ng baby during childbirth,
3. At ito ang canal na ginagamit during sexual intercourse.

Ibig sabihin, the vagina is a multifunctional organ. Kaya nga tinatawag din siyang birth canal.”

Question:
“Kung tatlo pala ang functions ng vagina, sa tingin niyo alin ang pinakakritikal para sa survival
ng human species?”

Slide 20: Cervix

Script:
“Next is the Cervix. Ito ay yung small end of the uterus na konektado sa vagina. Para siyang
maliit na pinto or gateway papasok sa uterus. May opening ito na tinatawag na cervical os, at
dito dumadaan ang sperm papasok sa uterus. During childbirth, the cervix widens or dilates para
makadaan ang baby.

Interesting fact: the cervix also produces mucus na nagbabago-bago depende sa menstrual cycle,
para minsan madali para sa sperm makapasok, minsan naman mahirap—depende kung fertile
ang babae.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya kailangan mag-dilate o lumuwang ang cervix during childbirth?”

Slide 21: Uterus

Script:
“Now we go to the Uterus, or tinatawag din na womb. This is the organ within the pelvic zone
kung saan dinadala at lumalaki ang fetus. Imagine it as a special room inside the body designed
just for a baby. Its walls, called the endometrium, thicken every month to prepare for a
possible pregnancy.

Kung walang pregnancy, the lining sheds off—at iyon ang tinatawag nating menstruation. Pero
kapag may fertilized egg, dito siya didikit at magsisimulang maging embryo, then fetus.”
Question:
“Kung ang uterus ay parang special room for a baby, ano kaya mangyayari kung hindi healthy
ang uterus?”

Slide 22: Fallopian Tubes

Script:
“Next, we have the Fallopian tubes. These are the passageways that carry egg cells from the
ovaries papunta sa uterus. Pero class, alam niyo ba? Fertilization usually happens in the
fallopian tubes, hindi agad sa uterus. Dito nagkikita ang egg at sperm.

Kung walang fertilization, ang egg cell ay maglalakbay papunta sa uterus at eventually
mawawala sa regla. Pero kapag may fertilization, magsisimula na ang journey ng bagong
buhay.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya sa fallopian tube at hindi sa uterus nagaganap ang fertilization?”

Slide 23: Ovaries

Script:
“Finally, we have the Ovaries. These are the female gonads. May dalawang ovaries ang babae,
at bawat isa ay responsible sa paggawa ng egg cells at sa pag-release ng important hormones
tulad ng estrogen at progesterone.

 Estrogen helps in developing secondary sex characteristics (like hips, breasts, etc.).
 Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Every month, usually one ovary releases an egg cell—ito ang tinatawag na ovulation. Kaya
napakahalaga ng role ng ovaries, kasi dito nagsisimula ang possibility ng reproduction.”

Question:
“Kung ang ovaries ay hindi magpo-produce ng estrogen at progesterone, ano kaya ang magiging
epekto sa katawan ng babae?”

Slide 24: Puberty in Females – Introduction

Script:
“Class, let’s talk about puberty in females. Puberty is a stage of rapid physical, emotional,
and social development. Usually, nagsisimula ito between the ages of 9 to 14 years old.
Imagine, in just a few years, sobrang daming pagbabago sa katawan at feelings ng isang babae.
This is triggered by hormonal changes, lalo na yung increase ng estrogen at progesterone.
These hormones prepare the female body para maging reproductive mature—ibig sabihin, ready
na ang katawan sa possibility na magka-baby in the future. Pero siyempre, puberty is not just
about reproduction—it also affects emotions, confidence, and social relationships.”

Question:
“Class, ano-ano ang napansin niyo na big changes sa mga kakilala o sa sarili niyo when puberty
started?”

Slide 25: Menarche – First Menstrual Cycle

Script:
“Isa sa pinaka-importanteng sign na nagsimula na ang puberty sa babae ay ang menstrual cycle.
The first episode of menstruation is called menarche. Usually, nangyayari ito between ages 11
to 15.

Menarche means na ang reproductive system ng babae ay gumagana na. Hindi ibig sabihin na
ready na agad siya magka-baby, pero it shows na her ovaries, uterus, and hormones are working
together.”

Question:
“Class, kung ang menarche ay sign na ang katawan ng babae ay functioning, bakit kaya
important na alagaan lalo ang health sa stage na ito?”

Slide 26: Secondary Sexual Characteristics – Widening of Hips and Pelvis

Script:
“After puberty, nag-eemerge ang female secondary sexual characteristics. Una, the widening
of hips and pelvis.

Bakit kaya lumalapad ang balakang ng babae? Because it helps the body prepare for childbirth.
A wider pelvis makes it easier for a baby to pass through. Pero may iba pa siyang effect—
nagshi-shift din ang center of gravity pababa, kaya minsan iba ang way of walking ng babae
kumpara sa lalaki.”

Question:
“Class, kung ang hips ay nagwi-widen for childbirth, ano kaya mangyayari kung very narrow
ang pelvis ng babae?”

Slide 27: Enlargement of Breasts

Script:
“Another change is the enlargement of breasts. Ang glandular tissue sa breasts ay nagre-
respond sa sex hormones. Habang nagma-mature ang katawan, the breasts grow.

Later in life, especially toward the end of pregnancy and after childbirth, the breasts will
produce milk in response to hormone levels. Kaya ang breasts ay hindi lang for physical
appearance, pero may functional purpose talaga sa nourishment ng baby.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya mahalaga na ang babae ay may ability na mag-produce ng milk after
childbirth?”

Slide 28: Growth of Pubic and Underarm Hair

Script:
“Next, we have the growth of pubic hair and underarm hair. Ito ay dahil sa androgen
activity—a type of hormone.

Ang hair na ito ay may protective function kasi it reduces friction, at may sensory function din
dahil maraming nerve endings sa area. That’s why it’s considered a normal and important part of
puberty.”

Question:
“Class, kung may protective at sensory functions pala ang pubic at underarm hair, ano kaya
mangyayari kung wala ito?”

Slide 29: More Female Characteristics

Script:
“Bukod sa hips, breasts, at hair growth, may iba pang female characteristics na lumalabas after
puberty:

 Generally shorter than men – usually mas maliit ang female body frame.
 Greater proportion of body fat – mas maraming fat distribution especially sa hips and
thighs, which helps in pregnancy and energy storage.
 Two X chromosomes – this reduces expression of many sex-linked conditions, meaning
mas protected ang babae sa ilang genetic disorders.
 Lower mortality rate and longer lifespan – sa average, mas mahaba ang buhay ng
babae kaysa sa lalaki.

Kaya makikita natin na ang katawan ng babae ay may special design for reproduction, health,
and survival.”
Question:
“Class, interesting diba? Bakit kaya mas mahaba ang average lifespan ng babae kaysa sa lalaki?”

Slide 30: The Biological Male – Introduction

Script:
“Okay class, after talking about the female reproductive system, let’s now focus on the
biological male. The male sexual anatomy is designed for two main things: production of
sperm and delivery of sperm to fertilize the female’s ovum.

Just like females, sa mga lalaki din, puberty signals the final development of both primary at
accessory organs needed for reproduction. So basically, kapag dumating na ang puberty, that’s
when the male reproductive system becomes fully functional.”

Question:
“Class, kung sa babae ang main cell ay egg cell, ano naman kaya ang pinaka-importanteng
reproductive cell ng lalaki?”

Slide 31: Male External Genitalia – Overview

Script:
“The male external genitalia are the structures na makikita sa labas ng katawan. These are
important not only for reproduction, but also for protection at urination. Tingnan natin isa-isa ang
mga parts.”

Question:
“Bakit kaya mahalaga na ang external genitalia ay may dual function—urination and
reproduction?”

Slide 32: Prepuce (Foreskin)

Script:
“First, we have the Prepuce, or foreskin. Ito yung balat na nakatakip sa head of the penis, also
called the glans. In some cultures or religions, the foreskin is removed through a procedure
called circumcision.

The foreskin protects the sensitive head of the penis, pero once removed, mas exposed siya. May
mga benefits and risks depending on the practice, pero scientifically, both circumcised and
uncircumcised males can still reproduce.”
Question:
“Class, bakit kaya may foreskin ang lalaki kung minsan naman ay tinatanggal din sa
circumcision?”

Slide 33: Penis (Glans, Shaft, and Root)

Script:
“Next is the Penis. This organ has three main parts: the glans (head), shaft, and root.

 The glans is the sensitive tip, full of nerve endings.

 The shaft is the long middle part.
 The root anchors the penis to the body.

The penis has two major functions: (1) passageway for urine and (2) delivery of semen during
ejaculation. That’s why it’s considered both a reproductive and urinary organ.”

Question:
“Kung ang penis ay may dalawang functions, ano kaya mangyayari kung may problema sa
daluyan ng urethra?”

Slide 34: Corona

Script:
“The Corona is the rim of the glans kung saan ito nag-uumpisa mula sa shaft. Parang border
siya na naghihiwalay ng head at shaft. It’s also sensitive to stimulation because of the many
nerve endings in the area.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya important na maraming nerve endings sa reproductive organs?”

Slide 35: Frenulum

Script:
“Next, the Frenulum. This is a thin strip of skin na nagko-connect sa glans at shaft, located sa
underside ng penis. Isa ito sa mga pinaka-sensitive na bahagi ng male genitalia, kaya it plays a
big role in sexual stimulation.”

Question:
“Kung ang frenulum ay sobrang sensitive, sa tingin niyo bakit kaya nilikha ng nature ang
ganitong feature sa lalaki?”
Slide 36: Scrotum

Script:
“Now we have the Scrotum. This is the sac of skin that encloses the testes. May dalawang
compartments ito—each holding one testis.

Ang scrotum ay parang ‘thermometer’ ng katawan, kasi it helps regulate the temperature ng
testes. Remember, sperm production needs a slightly lower temperature than the body. Kaya
minsan nakikita niyo na ang scrotum ay nagre-relax o humihigpit depende sa temperature.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya kailangan mas malamig ng kaunti ang testes para makapag-produce ng healthy
sperm?”

Slide 37: Urethral Opening

Script:
“Next is the Urethral Opening, located sa head of the penis. Ito ang passageway ng urine at ng
semen. During ejaculation, the male releases sperm through this opening. Kaya ito ang pinaka-
exit point ng male reproductive system.”

Question:
“Kung parehong dumadaan ang ihi at semen sa urethra, paano kaya nagagawa ng katawan na
hindi sila lumalabas sabay?”

Slide 38: Perineum

Script:
“Lastly, we have the Perineum. This is the area of skin between the genitalia and the anus. Para
siyang ‘bridge’ that provides support to the reproductive and urinary structures. Kahit hindi siya
directly gumagawa ng sperm, it plays a role in overall support and sensitivity.”

Question:
“Class, kung ang perineum ay nagbibigay ng support sa genital area, ano kaya mangyayari kung
mahina o injured ang part na ito?”

Slide 39: Male Internal Reproductive Organs – Introduction

Script:
“Now class, tapos na tayo sa external genitalia. This time, let’s go inside and explore the male
internal reproductive organs. These are the structures na hindi nakikita sa labas pero sobrang
crucial para sa sperm production at delivery. Together, they make sure na ang sperm ay
healthy, nourished, at may tamang daanan para makarating sa female egg.”

Question:
“Kung ang external parts ay para sa protection at delivery, ano kaya main role ng internal parts?”

Slide 40: Testes

Script:
“First, we have the Testes (singular: testis). Ito ang pinaka-importanteng reproductive organs ng
lalaki. They produce androgen hormones—lalo na ang testosterone.

Aside from hormones, the testes also produce sperm cells. Amazing fact: males can produce
sperm in unlimited quantity over their entire lifespan. Kaya kahit tumatanda, patuloy pa rin
ang sperm production, although bumababa ang quality over time.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya testosterone ang tinatawag na ‘male hormone’? Ano kaya ang role nito sa
katawan ng lalaki?”

Slide 41: Testicles (Inside the Scrotum)

Script:
“The testicles are the two oval-shaped organs located inside the scrotum. Basically, the testicles
and testes refer to the same thing.

Ang testicles ang gumagawa ng testosterone at sperm. Remember, the scrotum controls the
temperature of the testicles, para sure na perfect ang condition for sperm production.”

Question:
“Class, kung sobrang init o sobrang lamig ang environment ng testicles, ano kaya mangyayari sa
sperm production?”

Slide 42: Vas Deferens

Script:
“Next, we have the Vas Deferens. This is a long muscular tube that carries sperm mula sa
testicle papunta sa urethra. Parang delivery highway siya ng sperm.
Kapag ejaculation happens, the sperm travel through the vas deferens on their way out of the
body.”

Question:
“Class, kung ma-block o maputol ang vas deferens, ano kaya mangyayari sa fertility ng isang
lalaki?”

Slide 43: Seminal Vesicles

Script:
“Now, the Seminal Vesicles. These are two glands that produce alkaline fluid rich in fructose
sugar. This fluid makes up about 70% of the semen volume.

Bakit kaya may sugar? Kasi ito ang food ng sperm, nagbibigay ng energy para makagalaw sila at
makarating sa egg. The alkaline fluid also protects sperm from the acidic environment of the
vagina.”

Question:
“Class, kung walang fructose o sugar sa semen, ano kaya mangyayari sa sperm cells habang
naglalakbay sila papunta sa egg?”

Slide 44: Prostate Gland

Script:
“Next is the Prostate Gland. It produces an alkaline fluid that makes up around 30% of semen
volume. This fluid also helps protect sperm from acidity at nagbibigay ng additional mobility
para makagalaw sila nang mas mabilis.

The prostate plays a very important role—pero ito rin yung part na minsan nagkakaproblema sa
older men, tulad ng prostate enlargement or cancer.”

Question:
“Class, bakit kaya dangerous kapag nagka-problema sa prostate gland ng lalaki?”

Slide 45: Urethra (Internal Function)

Script:
“Finally, we have the Urethra. It is a tube inside the penis that carries both urine and semen out
of the body.
During reproduction, ang role niya ay maghatid ng sperm at semen mula sa prostate at seminal
vesicles, palabas sa urethral opening. Pero take note: during ejaculation, the body has a natural
reflex that prevents urine from mixing with semen.”

Question:
“Class, kung parehong dumadaan ang ihi at semen sa urethra, bakit kaya kailangan may reflex na
naghihiwalay sa kanila?”

lide 1: Title Slide – Puberty in Males

Script:
“Good morning class! Today, we’ll talk about a very important stage in life — Puberty in
Males.
Puberty is the time when a boy’s body starts changing into that of a man. Sa madaling salita, ito
yung stage kung saan nagiging mature ang katawan para sa reproduction o pagpaparami.

So class, let me ask you: Kailan kaya nagsisimula ang puberty sa mga lalaki? Any guesses?”

Slide 2: Age Range of Male Puberty

Script:
“Very good! Puberty in males usually begins between the ages of 10 to 15 years old.
Hindi sabay-sabay, iba-iba ang age depende sa genetics at health ng bata. Some boys start earlier,
while others a bit later — and that’s perfectly normal.

This stage is driven mainly by the hormone testosterone, which is produced by the testes.
Parang gasolina ito ng katawan, kasi testosterone is the one responsible for the changes we’ll talk
about later.

Class, do you know someone na nag-start ng maagang magbago ang boses or nagkaroon ng
bigote? How did you notice it?”

Slide 3: Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Males

Script:
“Now, when puberty hits, the body changes a lot. We call these secondary sexual
characteristics.
Ito yung mga pagbabago na hindi directly connected sa paggawa ng sperm, pero nagpapakita na
ang katawan ay nagma-mature.

Some of these changes are:

  Enlarged Adam’s apple – kaya nagiging deeper ang voice.
 Facial hair – tulad ng bigote at balbas.
 Broad shoulders – mas malapad kaysa sa babae.
 Increased body hair – sa chest, legs, at arms.
 Pubic hair – tumutubo sa private parts.
 Mature genital organs – ibig sabihin, kaya na ng katawan magproduce ng sperm.
 Body more muscular – nagiging mas matibay ang muscles.

So, class, alin kaya dito ang napansin ninyo sa mga kuya o tatay ninyo?”

Slide 4: More Male Characteristics

Script:
“Bukod pa diyan, males usually have other physical differences compared to females. Let’s
check them one by one:

 Generally taller – on average, mas matangkad ang lalaki.

 Greater body water content – ibig sabihin, mas maraming tubig sa katawan.
 Larger heart and lungs – para kayang mag-handle ng mas maraming blood at oxygen.
 Higher testosterone levels – nagdudulot ng mas makapal na buhok sa katawan at mukha,
pero mas mataas din ang chance ng baldness o pagkapanot.
 Single X chromosome – dahil dito, mas prone sila sa sex-linked conditions gaya ng
colorblindness at hemophilia.

Now, class, let me ask: Sino sa inyo may kilalang lalaki na kalbo kahit bata pa? Or baka
may narinig kayong colorblind?”

Slide 5: Emotional and Social Changes

Script:
“Of course, puberty is not just about physical changes. Kasama rin ang emotional at social
changes.

During this time, boys may feel more sensitive, nagiging moody, or mas gusto ng independence.
They also start exploring friendships and relationships in a different way.

This is normal, kasi the brain is also developing along with the body.
So class, na-experience n’yo na ba yung mood swings or minsan nagagalit agad yung
kakilala niyo na lalaki na nasa edad 13 to 15?”