PHYSICAL EDUCATION – CLASS XII
WORKSHEET: SPORTS AND NUTRITION (CHAPTER 5)
Short Answer Questions I (2 Marks each, 50-80 words)
Define Nutrition.
Nutrition is the process by which the body takes in food and uses nutrients to maintain life,
growth, and health. It includes ingestion, digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food.
What do you understand by a Balanced Diet?
A balanced diet contains the right proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,
minerals, fiber, and water necessary for healthy functioning and optimal energy.
What do you mean by Vitamins?
Vitamins are organic compounds needed in small amounts for vital metabolic processes and
maintaining good health.
What is Food Intolerance? Discuss any three causes of food intolerance.
Food intolerance is an adverse reaction to certain foods not involving the immune system.
Causes include enzyme deficiencies (like lactose intolerance), chemical sensitivities (like to
food additives), and reactions to naturally occurring chemicals in foods.
Define Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Components of diet.
Nutritive components provide energy (carbs, proteins, fats), while non-nutritive components
(fiber, antioxidants) do not provide energy but support digestion and health.
Write any three objectives of Sports Nutrition.
Objectives include improving performance, enhancing recovery after exercise, and maintaining
optimal body composition and health.
Short Answer Questions II (3 Marks each, 80-100 words)
What do you mean by Macro and Micro Nutrients?
Macro nutrients are nutrients needed in large amounts (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water)
providing energy and building blocks. Micro nutrients include vitamins and minerals required in
small quantities essential for metabolic functions.
Explain the importance of fluid intake during competition.
Fluids maintain hydration, regulate body temperature, replace sweat losses, prevent cramps,
and sustain performance during competition.
Discuss the management of food intolerance.
Management involves identifying and avoiding trigger foods, reading food labels carefully,
substituting alternatives, and consulting nutritionists as needed.
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Compare any three micro minerals on their sources and benefits.
Iron: found in meat and spinach; important for oxygen transport.
Zinc: found in nuts and seafood; supports immune function.
Copper: found in shellfish and seeds; essential for red blood cell formation.
What is Roughage? Explain in brief.
Roughage or dietary fiber is the indigestible part of plant foods that aids digestion, prevents
constipation, and supports gut health.
Briefly explain any three food myths.
Myth 1: Carbs cause weight gain (Carbs are an essential energy source).
Myth 2: Skipping meals helps in weight loss (May slow metabolism).
Myth 3: High protein intake is always healthy (Excess can strain kidneys).
Discuss any four pitfalls of dieting.
Nutrient deficiencies.
Muscle loss.
Slowed metabolism.
Unsustainable eating habits.
Calculate BMI for 70 kg, 170 cm and mention category.
BMI = 70 / (1.7)^2 = 24.22 kg/m² (Normal weight).
Calculate BMI for 85 kg, 165 cm and mention category.
BMI = 85 / (1.65)^2 = 31.22 (Obese).
Long Answer Questions (5 Marks each, 150–200 words)
What do you mean by Macro Nutrients? Explain any four macro nutrients in detail.
Macro nutrients are nutrients required in large amounts for energy and body functioning.
Carbohydrates: Main energy source, found in grains and sugars.
Proteins: Build and repair tissues, found in meat, legumes.
Fats: Provide concentrated energy, protect organs, assist vitamin absorption.
Water: Essential for all physiological processes including temperature regulation and waste
removal.
What do you mean by Micro Nutrients? Explain in brief about Minerals as micro nutrients in
detail.
Micro nutrients are nutrients needed in small amounts for proper body function. Minerals are
inorganic micro nutrients essential for enzyme functions, bone formation, oxygen transport,
and fluid balance. Important minerals include calcium (bones), iron (hemoglobin), zinc
(immunity), and magnesium (muscle function).
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