Shree Vasishtha Vidhalaya‌

PRESENTS

odyssey 3.o
a voyage of science
ODYSSEY 3.0!!

VASISHTHA
PRESENTS
 FOREWORD BY
THE ADVISOR
Dear Readers,

Welcome to the latest edition of our students’ science magazine, a publication

that celebrates the boundless enthusiasm, inquisitiveness, and innovation of our
talented students. It is with great pride that I introduce this edition, which
showcases the remarkable achievements and profound insights of our young
scientists.

In an age where scientific discoveries and technological advancements are

accelerating at an unprecedented pace, it is imperative that we nurture a spirit of
inquiry and foster a deep appreciation for the scientific method. This magazine is
a testament to our commitment to these values. Each article, experiment, and
project featured here reflects the dedication and passion of our students, as well
as the guidance and support of our exceptional faculty members.

This edition covers a diverse array of topics, from the mysteries of quantum
physics to the latest developments in environmental science and biotechnology.
Our students have not only demonstrated their ability to grasp complex scientific
concepts but also their talent for communicating these ideas in an engaging and
accessible manner. Their work exemplifies the interdisciplinary approach
essential for addressing the multifaceted challenges of the 21st century.

I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the contributors, editors, and
mentors who have worked tirelessly to bring this magazine to fruition.

As you delve into these pages, I hope you will be as inspired and enlightened as I
have been by the incredible work of our student scientists. Let us continue to
support and encourage them as they explore the wonders of the natural world
and strive to make a positive impact on our society.

With warm regards,

Dr. A. K. Gaur
Advisor
 FOREWORD BY
THE PRINCIPAL
Dear Students, Faculty, and Esteemed Readers,

It is with immense pleasure and pride that I present to you the latest edition of
our school science magazine ODYSSEY 3.0. This publication stands as a testament
to the remarkable curiosity, creativity, and intellectual fervor of our students and
faculty. As we delve into its pages, we are reminded of the boundless wonders of
science and technology that continue to shape our understanding of the world
and drive our collective progress.

Promoting a scientific temperament is at the heart of the educational mission of

Shree Vasistha Vidyalaya. In today’s rapidly evolving world, fostering a mindset
of inquiry and critical thinking is more crucial than ever. We aim to encourage our
students to ask questions, challenge assumptions, and embrace the thrill of
discovery. At SVV science is not just a subject to be studied but a lens through
which we view and interpret the complexities of the universe.

Curiosity and exploration are the twin engines that propel scientific
advancement. It is this spirit of inquisitiveness that has led to the creation of
ODYSSEY 3.0. In doing so, our students not only expand their horizons but also
contribute to the vast tapestry of human knowledge.

The world of science and technology is indeed marvelous, filled with endless
possibilities and exciting frontiers. The future holds even more promise, with
advancements in artificial intelligence, renewable energy, biotechnology, and
space exploration poised to transform our lives in unimaginable ways.

As you explore this edition of our science magazine, I hope you feel inspired by
the passion and dedication of our students and educators. May their work ignite
your curiosity and drive to explore the wonders of science. Together, let us
embrace the excitement of discovery and the promise of a future, shaped by
knowledge and innovation.

Happy reading!
Mrs Shubhra Srivastava
Principal
 Welcome back to
the 3rd edition of
the ody SEA

Not bad, Gregor. But

flip to page __
.“Microbes.” Now that’s
Page —"From Fossil cutting-edge science.
to flesh.” Quite a
charming title,
don’t you think?

True, true—you’ve all

earned your fame. But
Pfft, you peas had to let’s not forget: without
grow for weeks. We my inheritance laws, how
replicate in hours. Some would you even track
of us have been used in your mutations?
Nobel Prize-winning
research.

Ah, yes—CRISPR. You

tiny beings and your
genome-editing tricks.
Fascinating. I’d wager if
I had your tools, I’d
have decoded the
entire genome of my
peas
Inheritance? We don’t
“inherit” so much as
commandeer genomes.
But yes, your Punnett
squares did give humans a
A tempting thought. But nice head start… before
I must say, it’s CRISPR came along.
comforting to know that
whether it’s a monastery
garden or a microbial
lab, curiosity still drives
discovery.

Agreed. Whether you’re

cross-breeding plants
To pushing or breaking down
sugars, science is all
boundaries about pushing
boundaries.
than!!!
 CONTENT‌
01 The Power of Energy
Efficiency

When AI meets Biology

02
From Fossil to Flesh:
03 Biotechnology resurrects the
Extinct Dire Wolves

04
Satellites in Our Lives:
Understanding the Global
Observing System

05
Naturally Occurring,
Biocompatible Proteins for
Tunable Proton Conduction 6
 06
Coral Comeback:
How Science is
Helping Rebuilt of Reefs

07
Microbes:
The Invincible
Powerhouse of Life

08
Tardigrades :
and the Future
of Science

What are the most

09 popular career option

after 12th science other
than engineering??

10
CONCLUSION
The Power of Energy Efficiency
SCHOOLS ARE MORE THAN JUST PLACES LOCATION: PRIMARY BUILDING
OF LEARNING—THEY'RE LIKE SECOND TYPE: POLYCRYSTALLINE
HOMES FOR STUDENTS. HOWEVER, THEY [POWERING LEARNING WITH THE SUN: A
ALSO RANK AMONG THE LARGEST ENERGY BRIGHT IDEA AT OUR SCHOOL”SHIFT TO
CONSUMERS IN THE COUNTRY. BEYOND CONVENTIONAL ENERGY” IS THE NEED
EDUCATION, SCHOOLS PLAY A CRUCIAL OF THE HOUR]
ROLE IN FOSTERING SUSTAINABLE
PRACTICES, AND ONE STANDOUT
ELECTRICITY IS ESSENTIAL FOR
CONCEPT IN THIS MOVEMENT IS ENERGY
CREATING THE RIGHT CLASSROOM
EFFICIENCY.
ENVIRONMENT IN TODAY'S TECH-
DRIVEN SCHOOLS. AT OUR SCHOOL,
WE'RE LEADING THE CHARGE IN ENERGY
WHAT IS ENERGY EFFICIENCY?
EFFICIENCY BY HARNESSING THE
ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEANS USING LESS POWER OF THE SUN! WE’VE INSTALLED
ENERGY TO ACHIEVE THE SAME LEVEL OF 168 SOLAR PANELS ACROSS OUR
PERFORMANCE AND OUTPUT. IT'S ABOUT CAMPUS, REDUCING OUR ELECTRICITY
GETTING MORE WHILE CONSUMING LESS. CONSUMPTION BY AN IMPRESSIVE 14-
THIS IS A POWERFUL STRATEGY TO 15%. THESE SOLAR PANELS WORK BY
REDUCE ONE OF THE BIGGEST CAPTURING SUNLIGHT AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CULPRITS: THE CARBON CONVERTING IT INTO ELECTRICITY,
FOOTPRINT. PROVIDING US WITH CLEAN,
RENEWABLE ENERGY. NOT ONLY DOES
THIS HELP THE ENVIRONMENT, BUT IT
BUT HOW CAN SCHOOLS IMPLEMENT ALSO SLASHES OUR ENERGY BILLS,
ENERGY EFFICIENCY? LET’S EXPLORE HOW KEEPING THOSE PAYMENT NOTICES IN
MY SCHOOL IS LEADING THE WAY IN CHECK. IT’S A WIN FOR BOTH OUR
ADOPTING SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES. SCHOOL AND THE PLANET!

1. SOLAR CELLS: SOLAR POWER: A SMART MOVE FOR OUR

SCHOOL AND THE PLANET
ONE INCREDIBLE STATISTIC ABOUT OUR SOLAR
PANELS IS THAT THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF
ENERGY THEY GENERATE IS ENOUGH TO POWER
OUR ENTIRE SCHOOL BUILDING! AND IT DOESN’T
STOP THERE ELECTRICITY WE PRODUCE CAN BE
SOLD BACK TO THE GOVERNMENT, ALLOWING
OUR SCHOOL TO EARN MONEY IN RETURN. HOW
COOL IS THAT? NOT ONLY DOES THIS HELP THE
ENVIRONMENT, BUT IT’S ALSO A WIN FOR THE
SCHOOL BUDGET!

08
BUT HERE’S THE CATCH: AS STUDENTS, IT’S UP
TO US TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
ENERGY WE USE. BY BEING MINDFUL OF HOW
MUCH POWER WE CONSUME, WE CAN HELP
KEEP OUR SCHOOL’S ENERGY-EFFICIENT SYSTEM
RUNNING SMOOTHLY AND REDUCE OUR CARBON
FOOTPRINT EVEN MORE. IT’S ALL ABOUT SMART
CHOICES AND SUSTAINABILITY—LET’S MAKE
EVERY KILOWATT COUNTED!

(NO MORE OVER-WATERING WITH MOTORS)

AND REDUCES ELECTRICITY BY CUTTING
DOWN ON THE NEED FOR PUMPS.

PLUS, IT’S A WIN-WIN: LESS LABOR, FRESH AIR,

AND MORE OXYGEN THANKS TO THE THRIVING
PLANTS! THIS SMALL CHANGE ADDS UP TO
BIG ENERGY SAVINGS AND CONTRIBUTES TO A
GREENER, MORE SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS.
[Link] AC WATER INTO GREEN

POWER: A COOL SOLUTION!

LOCATION: ALL ACS IN EVERY BUILDING 3. AIR VENTILATION
TYPE: WATER CONSERVATION
UTILIZING EVERY DROP OF WATER LOCATION: SECONDARY BUILDING
PRODUCTIVELY
TYPE: MECHANICAL BUILDING
WATER IS ESSENTIAL FOR EVERYONE, BREATHE EASY: WHY VENTILATION
ESPECIALLY OUR GREEN PLANTS. IN TODAY’S BEATS ACS ANY DAY?
MODERN SCHOOLS, WITH ACS KEEPING US
COOL, THERE'S AN UNEXPECTED BONUS: AIR
CONDITIONERS PRODUCE A SURPRISING
AMOUNT OF WATER EVERY DAY. WHILE WE
CAN'T DRINK IT, OUR PLANTS CAN SURE!

THINK OF IT LIKE THIS: JUST AS MOMS SAY,

“DON’T WASTE YESTERDAY’S FOOD—MAKE IT
BETTER,” WE CAN APPLY THE SAME LOGIC
HERE. WHY WASTE WATER WHEN WE CAN USE
IT TO NOURISH OUR PLANTS?

AT OUR SCHOOL, WE’VE TAKEN THIS IDEA TO

HEART, BY PLANTING SAPLINGS RIGHT UNDER
THE ACS, SO THEY CAN DRINK UP THE WATER
DIRECTLY. THIS SIMPLE YET BRILLIANT
SOLUTION SAVES WATER

09
VENTILATION IS THE UNSUNG HERO WHEN IT WRAPPING IT UP: SMART SOLUTIONS FOR
COMES TO IMPROVING INDOOR AIR QUALITY. IT ENERGY-EFFICIENT SCHOOLS
WORKS BY BRINGING IN FRESH OUTDOOR AIR TO
PUSH OUT POLLUTANTS FROM THE ROOM. AND TO WRAP UP ALL THE AWESOME IDEAS WE'VE
LET’S FACE IT—MANY CLASSROOMS IN SOME DISCUSSED, HERE ARE A FEW ACTIONABLE STEPS
SCHOOLS DON’T EVEN HAVE WINDOWS THAT SCHOOLS CAN TAKE TO BOOST THEIR ENERGY
OPEN TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD. BUT HERE’S WHY EFFICIENCY:
A VENTILATION SYSTEM IS A SMARTER CHOICE
1. SWITCH TO LED LIGHTS: FORGET OLD TUBE
THAN A TRADITIONAL AC:
LIGHTS AND BULBS THAT GUZZLE ENERGY! LED
LIGHTS CONSUME FAR LESS POWER AND LAST
1. IT’S BUDGET-FRIENDLY: VENTILATION
LONGER, MAKING THEM A SMART AND ECO-
SYSTEMS ARE WAY CHEAPER TO INSTALL THAN
FRIENDLY CHOICE.
AIR CONDITIONERS.
2. WIND POWER INNOVATION: WHY NOT TURN
2. LOW MAINTENANCE: THEY REQUIRE FAR LESS SUSTAINABILITY INTO A FUN CHALLENGE?
UPKEEP, MAKING THEM AN EASY WIN FOR SCHOOLS COULD ORGANIZE WINDMILL MODEL-
SCHOOLS LOOKING TO REDUCE COSTS. MAKING COMPETITIONS TO INSPIRE STUDENTS
AND PROMOTE THE POWER OF CLEAN,
3. ECO-FRIENDLY & ENERGY EFFICIENT: UNLIKE RENEWABLE WIND ENERGY.
ACS, VENTILATION SYSTEMS OPERATE ON THE
SAME BASIC PRINCIPLE AS A FAN. THE EXHAUST 3. RETHINK SCHOOL TRANSPORT: TO CUT DOWN
FAN PUSHES OUT INDOOR CARBON DIOXIDE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION, WHY NOT CREATE COMMON
DRAWS IN FRESH AIR, HELPING KEEP THE ROOM BUS STOPS FOR STUDENTS IN THE SAME AREA?
BREATHABLE WITHOUT USING MUCH THIS REDUCES THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL
ELECTRICITY. PLUS, THEY CAN RUN ON SOLAR VEHICLES ON THE ROAD, SAVING BOTH CNG AND
POWER, MAKING THEM A GREEN ALTERNATIVE. PETROL, AND ENSURES LESS FOSSIL FUEL
DEPLETION.

SO, WHY NOT GO WITH VENTILATION, JUST LIKE WITH THESE SIMPLE YET IMPACTFUL IDEAS, WE
WE DO HAVE AT OUR SCHOOL? IT’S BETTER FOR CAN ALL WORK TOGETHER TO MAKE OUR
THE PLANET, EASIER ON THE WALLET, AND SCHOOLS NOT ONLY PLACES OF LEARNING BUT
HELPS CREATE A HEALTHIER ENVIRONMENT FOR HUBS OF SUSTAINABILITY. LET’S START TODAY,
EVERYONE. FOR A BRIGHTER, GREENER TOMORROW!

NOW, I’LL ADMIT, WHENEVER I SEE LIGHTS OR I WOULD TO END WITH A BEAUTIFUL QUOTE:
FANS ON, IN AN EMPTY ROOM, I DON’T HESITATE "SUSTAINABILITY FUELS THE FUTURE, AND
TO SWITCH THEM OFF. JUST LIKE OUR ENERGY EFFICIENCY POWERS A BETTER
TEACHERS TEACH US DISCIPLINE, I’VE LEARNED TOMORROW!"
THE IMPORTANCE OF SAVING ENERGY—ONE
SWITCH AT A TIME!

‌Jiya Patel‌
‌12‌th‌-S3‌‌
10
 When AI
meets Bio
logy?
ज्ञानं हि
परमं बल
तस्मात् प्र म्।
ज्ञामयं य
करोति का न्त्रं,
र्यमुत्तमम्
।

Knowledge is indeed the supreme

[Link], a machine
endowed with wisdom (intelligence)
performs excellent work.

So here the question arises how can we impart

knowledge to a machine?

Yes it’s the magic of science and technology. As a human being we follow a
pattern of learning to learn something new and we can teach the same
pattern to [Link] pattern includes learning,problem solving, reasoning
skills etc.,which helps the computer system to interpret data from sensors,
images or other sources of data [Link] Like the Homo sapiens,
machines don’t have biological names but they do have the types like weak
AI and strong AI. AI when becomes weak perform a specific task, such as
image recognition, language translation, or playing chess etc. In the same
time AI when becomes strong possesses human-like intelligence and can
perform any intellectual task and we named it ‘Robot’.

11
 Here question arises how can we use the machine Improving gene-editing tools: AI aids in developing gene-
intelligence to help God gifted human intelligence?Till editing technologies like CRISPR by predicting outcomes
date The AI provides following tools for this purpose.
and optimizing guide RNAs.
1. Virtual Assistants: AI-powered assistants like Siri, Predicting gene expression: Deep learning models can
Alexa, and Google Assistant. predict gene expression from DNA sequences.
2. Image Recognition: AI-powered systems that can
recognize objects, faces, and patterns in images. Identifying disease markers: Machine learning assists in
3. Natural Language Processing: AI-powered systems identifying disease-causing genomic variants.
that can understand and generate human language. Understanding evolutionary forces: Deep learning
4. Predictive Maintenance: AI-powered systems that applied to genomic data helps to understand the forces
can predict equipment failures and schedule
driving genetic diversity.
maintenance.
5. Healthcare: AI-powered systems that can diagnose
diseases, predict patient outcomes, and personalize 2. Drug discovery and development
treatment plans. Accelerated drug discovery: AI transforms drug
discovery by improving accuracy and reducing time,
AI algorithms are being used to analyze vast amounts
evaluating compounds and assessing adverse effects.
of biological data,including genomic sequences,protein
structures and medical images, enabling faster and Predicting efficacy and toxicity: AI and ML models
more accurate insights. The intersection of Artificial predict the effectiveness and toxicity of potential drugs.
Intelligence (AI) and Biology is a rapidly growing field, Identifying drug targets: AI helps find novel drug targets
driving innovation in: like proteins or genetic pathways involved in diseases.
1. Bioinformatics: Analyzing biological data using Drug repurposing: AI assists in finding new uses for
computational tools. existing drugs.
2. Computational Biology: Modeling and simulating
De novo drug design: AI enables the creation of new
biological systems.
3. Personalized Medicine: Tailoring treatments using chemical structures with desired features.
AI-driven genomics analysis. Optimizing chemical synthesis: AI; integration into
4. Synthetic Biology: Designing novel biological chemical synthesis improves reaction prediction.
systems with AI assistance. Enhancing clinical trials: AI analyzes patient data to
5. Biomedical Imaging: Enhancing image analysis with identify biomarkers and patient characteristics for more
AI for disease diagnosis.
efficient trial designs.
Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine
learning (ML) and deep learning, is significantly Post-market surveillance: AI analyzes data to support
transforming various aspects of biology, from drug safety and efficacy.
fundamental research to applied fields like medicine 3. Personalized medicine and precision
and agriculture.
healthcare
Tailoring treatments: AI uses DNA sequencing and
patient records to identify genetic predispositions,
Here's how AI is impacting biology: predict treatment responses, and provide tailored
1. Genomics and gene editing-Analyzing massive healthcare.
datasets: AI algorithms help process large
Precision diagnostics: AI algorithms trained on
genomic datasets to identify variations and
genomic datasets assist in diagnosing genetic
potential drug targets.
diseases.
Real-time monitoring: AI can monitor patient vital
signs and track the effects of drug doses on living
tissue.

12
 4. Agricultural biotechnology So,AI is increasingly intertwined with biology,
Improving crop yields: AI facilitates data-driven revolutionizing research and applications. Addressing
agriculture to enhance yields, improve disease challenges related to data quality, interpretability, and
resistance, and aid in climate adaptation. ethics will accelerate scientific discovery and improve
Optimizing agricultural practices: AI helps decipher human health. Hence Strong collaboration between
plant genomes to find genes for desired characteristics. biologists and computational scientists is essential for
Real-time monitoring: AI-driven drones and sensors advancing the field of AI for biology. Developing AI
gather data on crop health, pests, and soil, providing models that are more transparent and interpretable is
insights for optimal planting and early disease detection. important for gaining trust and ensuring responsible use
Reducing agrochemical dependence: AI is being of AI in biology. Australian researchers, including those
developed to reduce reliance on agrochemicals at the Charles Perkins Centre at the University of
Sydney, have created a groundbreaking system that uses
5. Industrial biotechnology what they describe as “Biological artificial intelligence ”
Optimizing biomanufacturing: AI improves the to develop and refine molecules with enhanced or
scalability, consistency, and efficiency of entirely new functions inside mammalian cells. The
biomanufacturing processes. convergence of AI and biology is transforming scientific
Real-time monitoring and control: AI systems track discovery, medicine, and biotechnology. With AI-powered
variables like temperature, pH, and nutrient levels to breakthroughs in genomics, neuroscience, drug
optimize yield and quality. discovery, and bioengineering, the future of biology is
Designing synthetic biological pathways: AI aids in more interconnected with information systems than ever
designing synthetic biological pathways by forecasting before. While challenges remain, AI-driven platforms
how changes affect cellular function. have the potential to reshape healthcare, environmental
conservation, and life sciences, paving the way for a new
6. Protein structure prediction era of intelligent biology
Predicting protein 3D structures: AI models like
AlphaFold predict the three-dimensional (3D) structure
of proteins from their amino acid sequence.
Accelerating experimental structural biology: AlphaFold's
capabilities accelerate experimental structural biology
and guide research in protein engineering and drug
discovery

Despite the potential of AI in biology, challenges include: Challenges ?

Data Quality and Availability: AI requires high-quality data, which can be scarce or biased in
biological and health data.
Interpretability and Explainability: AI models can be "black boxes," making it difficult to
understand their decision-making processes, which is crucial for trust in healthcare.
Ethical Considerations: AI raises concerns about data privacy, consent, and potential biases in
algorithmic decision-making, particularly with genomic and health data.
Regulatory Frameworks: Existing frameworks need to adapt to assess AI-driven biotech products.
Integration with Traditional Methods: Integrating AI with traditional methods and clinical
practices requires careful planning.

Saleha Naaz
PGT computer Science

13
"BRAIN BREAK: CRACK THE PUZZLE… AND IT JUST MIGHT
CRACK OPEN A SECRET WITHIN YOU.

14
 SPACE FARMING: HOW HUMANS WILL GROW FOOD ON MARS

⭐ INTRODUCTION: A DREAM THAT STARTS WITH FOOD

When we think about living on Mars, we imagine rockets,
robots, spacesuits, and futuristic cities. But before any of
this becomes real, humanity must solve a much simpler-
looking but extremely challenging problem: What will we
eat?
Mars is not Earth. It is a cold, dusty planet with
poisonous soil, extremely thin air, and temperatures that
can fall below –60°C. Nothing grows naturally there. Yet,
human beings are seriously planning to build habitats on
Mars. And without a reliable source of food, no human
mission can survive for long.
This brings us to a fascinating scientific question:
Can we grow food on a planet where nothing grows?
The answer is yes, and the solution lies in a revolutionary
idea called space farming — growing plants in specially
designed environments, using advanced technology,
completely without Earth-like soil.
Space farming is not just a scientific experiment; it is the
foundation for the future of human life beyond Earth.

15
16
17
 FROM FOSSIL TO FLESH:
BIOTECHNOLOGY RESURRECTS THE
EXTINCT DIRE WOLVES

Lost long away in the frozen pages of vigorous Jaw that could effortlessly
prehistorical extinction, the Dire wolf clamp down the prey with a bite force
makes a breath-taking comeback – of nearly 1500 PSI. They were about
not by Fantasy or Cinema but by 3½ feet tall and 6 feet long. They
precise Biotechnological procedures. weighed around 68.03kgs/150
This flabbergasting breakthrough is a pounds. They used to hunt the
testament to the advancement of Megafauna like Bisons, Mammoths,
technology in the Scientific realm. wild horses and Ground sloths.

Dire Wolves ( Aenocyon Dirus ) used to

roam the modern day North and South
America about 12,500 years back .
They had spread their expanse from
Mount Denali of Alaska to the Tulum
Coast-line of Mexico and from Angel
falls of Venezuela to the Uyuni salt
desert of Bolivia . The Dire wolves
were scarcely acknowledged. It was in
2011 that the Dire wolves received
limelight when a Drama series named
‘Game of Thrones’ introduced six Dire
wolf characters named: Lady, Grey
Wind, Ghost, Nymeria, Shaggydog,
and Sum

These White Wolves had a life span of

15-20 years. They were large, robust
and much stronger than other wolves
of the present-day Canine family. They
had thicker and muscular legs along
with a pair of Stealthy shoulders. Their
head was broader and accommodated

15
 They had Survival skills which After this, the extracted genotypic
enabled them to endure in harsh information was assembled like a
circumstances to an extent. However, big puzzle to portray a
they couldn’t stand against the morphologically and meaningfully
challenges that came with the end of accurate Dire wolf.
Ice age. Rapid global warming led to a Then, all the present-day wolves of
tragic shift in the worldwide the Canine family were searched
ecosystems. Dire wolves couldn’t for familiar traits. It turned out that
stand the new environment. They also Gray wolves and domestic dogs
suffered a humongous loss of prey as showed unique genetic traits that
the Megafauna that they hunted had matched the initial genetic traits
also been affected by the which were decoded previously.
transitioning climate. They faced Furthermore, the exact genotypic
Starvation to a great extent. Their fragments that gave unique
packs had also failed to efficiently characteristics to the Dire wolf
Reproduce and rebuild their were mapped on the Gray wolf’s
population. With progressing time, D.N.A. to get a modified D.N.A.
they became even more vulnerable template that could accurately
and their population gradually wiped- resemble Dire wolves.
off. Great scientists like George
Church, Beth Shapiro and Eriona
Hysolli made this daunting task
Possible!! Here is how......

The primary step was extraction of

the Ancient D.N.A. from available
fossils. Scientists Extracted the
genetic information from a 13,000
years old tooth and a 72,000 years old
skull.

Some specific features like Fur and

Skin shade, broad and
strengthened jaw, muscular and
wide back limbs were taken into
consideration in the previous
process.
Later using CRISPR (Clustered
Regularly Interspaced Short
Palindromic Repeats) technology,
specifically targeted genes were
edited in their respective genome.
20 major and 3 minor changes
were made to make a final D.N.A.
model.

16
 This genetic material was then inserted
into a wolf’s egg cell which had its original
D.N.A. removed. This resulted in the
formation of a cloned Embryo of the Dire
wolf.
The Embryo was initially grown in culture.
After early development (in about 1 week
and 3 days), the Embryos were
transplanted into a Surrogate Domestic
Dog’s Uterus. After a gestation period of 2
months, 3 healthy and hearty Dire wolf
pups were born on 1st October in 2024. The
Pups were named Remus, Romulus
(males) and Khaleesi (female).
And that was how the closest clones of
Dire wolves came into being.

Kalp Trivedi
You should be proud! You're carrying on the
legacy of your ancestors, and you have a 11th-S2
bright future ahead of you.

Thanks for telling me about dire wolfs

birth! I'm excited to learn more about my
heritage.

Anytime, little one! I'm always here to

help you learn and grow!!

17
 SATELLITES IN OUR LIVES:
UNDERSTANDING THE GLOBAL
OBSERVING SYSTEM

“THE SCIENCE OF TODAY IS THE This system is not just about satellites
in the sky; it's a vast network involving
TECHNOLOGY OF TOMORROW.” airplanes, ships, buoys, radar, weather

— EDWARD TELLER balloons, and ground stations—all

communicating with one another.
These elements form what is called the
Global Observing System (GOS). Let's
-Parikshit, understand what this system does and
Dreaming in orbits and writing in waves why it matters so much to all of us.

1. What Is the Global Observing

In today’s world, it’s hard to imagine life
System?
without the services that satellites provide.
From checking the weather to navigating
The Global Observing System (GOS) is
across cities or tracking an approaching
an international setup managed and
cyclone, satellites silently support our daily
coordinated by the World
routines. The image titled “Global Observing
Meteorological Organization (WMO). It
System” perfectly captures how various
collects and shares real-time data from
satellite types and ground systems work
land, sea, air, and space to help predict
together to monitor and manage what
weather, monitor the environment, and
happens on our planet.
warn against natural disasters.

18
 The GOS includes:
Satellites (polar and geostationary)
Weather radars
Aircraft and ships
Weather balloons (upper-air stations)
Surface-based weather stations
Ocean data buoys
Satellite ground stations
Each of these plays a special role in
watching over our Earth. They act as our
planet’s “senses” constantly measuring
temperature, humidity, wind speed, cloud Earthquakes and floods are
patterns, ocean conditions, and even monitored with ground sensors and
pollution levels. ocean buoys.
Wildfires are detected with thermal
2. Why Is It So Important? imaging from space.
Early warning systems save
We may not see them, but satellites and their thousands of lives each year, and
support systems affect many aspects of our most of that data comes from the
lives: networks shown in the image.

A. Weather Forecasting C. Climate Monitoring

Thanks to the GOS, meteorologists can now By gathering long-term environmental
forecast weather of the days and even data, satellites help scientists
weeks in advance. The satellite data helps understand how our climate is
track: changing. This includes:

Rainfall patterns Tracking ice melting in the Arctics

Storm development Monitoring sea levels
Wind directions Measuring atmospheric
Cloud formations greenhouse gases
Without satellites and the GOS, we
This not only helps us plan daily activities would have no way of knowing how
but also assists farmers, fishermen, and fast the Earth is warming or what
airlines. action is needed.

B. Disaster Management
The most critical role of the GOS is during 3. A Unified Global Effort
emergencies. For example: The image shows how each
country contributes to the GOS
Cyclones are tracked using satellite using its technology. For example:
images.

19
 India's INSAT series and ISRO’s satellites
provide weather data and
communication for South Asia.
USA’s NOAA satellites deliver advanced
imaging for hurricane tracking.
European satellites (EUMETSAT) help
monitor environmental changes and
weather.
All of this data is shared globally,
ensuring that even a small country Earthquakes and floods are
without its own satellite program can still monitored with ground sensors and
receive weather alerts and information— ocean buoys.
free of cost. This global unity in science Wildfires are detected with thermal
is what makes the GOS one of the imaging from space.
greatest cooperative achievements in Early warning systems save
modern history. thousands of lives each year, and
most of that data comes from the
networks shown in the image.

Satellites don’t just orbit - they observe,

connect, and protect.
From predicting monsoons to mapping forests,
they’re the quiet architects of modern life.
As we look up, they look down - seeing the Earth
as one.
“In the age of data, the sky is no longer the limit
- it’s the library.”

“Satellites may be out of sight, but they are

never out of service—they are the silent
guardians of Earth”

Parikshit Gondaliya
11th-S2

20
 Naturally Occurring,
Biocompatible Proteins for
Tunable Proton Conduction

What Is Proton Conduction?

In simple terms, proton conduction is the

In recent years, scientists have started movement of protons (H⁺ ions) through a
exploring new materials that are natural, material. Just like electrons move through
safe, and sustainable for use in advanced wires to create electricity, protons can also
technologies. One exciting area of carry a type of electric charge, especially
research involves the use of naturally in wet or biological environments.
occurring proteins to help conduct protons. This is useful for the following reasons:

This idea could transform the way we • Fuel cells (green energy)

design medical devices, bioelectronics, • Sensors and biosensors

and clean energy systems. • Neural or muscle interfaces

• Smart medical devices
But what are these Proteins? Why Use Proteins for Proton
Conduction?
Naturally occurring proteins are substances
already found in living organisms like silk, Most traditional proton-conducting
collagen, or keratin. These proteins have materials are synthetic and sometimes
evolved over millions of years and often toxic or non-biodegradable. Proteins, on
show excellent properties such as the other hand, offer several advantages.
flexibility, strength, and biocompatibility • They are biodegradable.
meaning they’re safe for use in the human • They are non-toxic and safe for the body.
body. • Their structure can be customized or
tuned to control [how easily protons move
through them.]

21
For example, by adjusting the hydration or What Is Proton Conduction?
temperature, researchers can control how
much proton movement occurs in a In simple terms, proton conduction is the
protein-based material. This makes movement of protons (H⁺ ions) through a
proteins tunable, which means their material. Just like electrons move through
behavior can be modified based on need. wires to create electricity, protons can also
Real-Life Applications carry a type of electric charge, especially
1. Medical Implants: Safe materials that in wet or biological environments.
can transmit signals or respond to changes
in the body This is useful for the following reasons:
2. Bio-batteries and bio-fuel cells: Using • Fuel cells (green energy)
proteins as natural components to • Sensors and biosensors
generate power • Neural or muscle interfaces
3. Brain–computer interfaces: Devices that • Smart medical devices
“talk” to the nervous system using the Why Use Proteins for Proton
body’s natural charge signals Conduction?
4. Flexible electronics: Wearable devices
that are soft, stretchable, and body- Most traditional proton-conducting
friendly. materials are synthetic and sometimes
To sum all this up, study shows that using toxic or non-biodegradable. Proteins, on
naturally occurring, biocompatible proteins the other hand, offer several advantages.
for tunable proton conduction opens up a • They are biodegradable.
world of possibilities. It combines the • They are non-toxic and safe for the body.
intelligence of biology with the power of • Their structure can be customized or
technology. As research continues, we tuned to control how easily protons move
might see a future where medical devices, through them.
electronics, and even energy solutions are
built from the same proteins that make up
our skin, hair, and muscles making
technology safer, smarter, and more
sustainable.

Diaa Patel
11th-S2

22
CORAL COMEBACK:
HOW SCIENCE IS HELPING THE REBUILT OF REEFS
Coral are often overlooked as
colorful ocean ornaments, But they
are actually lively underwater cities-
full of lives which plays an
important role in the earth’s marine
balance, consisting of ecosystems
that supports a quarter of all marine
life, covering less than 1% of ocean
bed

Coral reefs are more than just

beautiful underwater landscapes-
they are lifelines for marine
ecosystems and human
communities alike. The most well
known coral reef is the Great Barrier
Reef in Australia – the largest living
structure on the planet. Coral reefs
are typically found in waters, where The fatal decline of coral reef has
sunlight can reach the algae, known been a source of concern, but
as zooxanthellae, provide corals scientists instead of simply
with food through photosynthesis accepting this damage; they are
and gives them their brilliant colors. providing tools and techniques to
help the ecosystem to recover.
In addition to this vital ecosystem is Scientists estimate that 25 percent
facing a decline due to a complex of all marine species lives in or
interaction of factors, both natural around coral reefs, making them
and human induced factors such as one of the most diverse habitat in
rising the sea levels and the the world.
temperature, bringing climatic
changes, pollution, overfishing, etc.,
are contributing to their
destruction.

23
 A ray of hope arises as science
offers solutions to combat coral Figure 1
reefs degradation, providing a way
to restore. This reliefs stem from
innovative techniques like coral
nurseries and reef – restoration
projects, demonstrating that coral
reefs cannot only survive but thrive
again. Figure 1 : Image of an
underwater coral reef Figure 2 :
Damaged coral reef [beneath from
ecosystem transplant ]

In a 2017 presentation, Dr. Woolsey

explained why it is so important to
protect reefs: “Coral reefs . . .
provide food and livelihoods for
hundreds of millions of people
around the world, they protect
shorelines from erosion, and they The Australian Institute of Marine
contain compounds that are used Science uses underwater robots
to treat human ailments. . . . Even and satellite data to monitor the
though they cover less than one Great Barrier Reef’s’ condition. This
percent of the sea floor, they harbor helps to predict coral bleaching and
about a quarter of all marine guides restoration plans.
biodiversity.” Figure 2
In Florida, scientists grow
endangered Stag horn and Elkhorn
corals in underwater nurseries.
Once mature; they are planted back
on damaged reefs to help revive the
ecosystems. Over 100,000, corals
have been planted to restore reef
ecosystem. Mote Marine laboratory
has restored over 216,000 corals,
while the Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary has a large-scale
initiative called “Mission: Iconic
Reefs” to restore seven significant
reefs.

24
 Colombia has most coral reef This all plays an important role in
nurseries and is Recognized for its restoring coral reef and also in
large scale reef restoration Projects, welfare of seas and oceans. Coral
including nurseries with over reefs support an extraordinary
230,000 Coral fragments in diversity of marine life, including
nurseries and 12,000 transplanted to fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and sea
reefs. Colombia has established turtles, earning them the title The
numerous National Nature Parks “rainforests of the sea”. They
and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) provide essential ecosystem
to conserve its coral reefs. services, such as protecting
coastlines from erosion, supporting
fisheries, and promoting tourism.

Facts
1. Coral Reefs are Biodiverse Hotspots:
Coral reefs support a vast array of marine life,
including fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and
many other species.
2. Corals are Animals:
Corals are tiny animals called polyps that
secrete a hard, calcium carbonate skeleton.
3. Symbiotic Relationship:
Corals have a symbiotic relationship with
algae called zooxanthellae, which provide
nutrients through photosynthesis.
4. Coral Bleaching:
When corals are stressed by rising water
temperatures or other factors, they expel
their zooxanthellae, turning white and often
leading to coral death.

Jeel Patel
11th-S3

25
 MICROBES:
THE INVISIBLE
POWERHOUSES
OF LIFE
When we think of the living world,
we often picture plants, animals, or
even insects. Yet the most
abundant and influential life forms
on Earth are too small to be seen
with the naked eye. These
microscopic organisms-collectively
known as microbes-are the unseen
architects of life. From the depths of
the oceans to the humans guts, Microbes: The Invisible
microbes are everywhere, shaping Powerhouses of Life
ecosystems, influencing health, and microbiome refers to the trillions of
driving evolution. microorganisms living in and on us,
particularly in the gut. These
What Are Microbes? microbial communities are essential
Microbes, or microorganisms, are for digestion, producing vitamins,
tiny life forms that include bacteria, training the immune system, and
viruses, fungi, protozoa, and protecting against harmful invaders.
archaea. Though they vary in Emerging research suggests that the
structure and function, what unites microbiome also influences our
them is their microscopic size. A mood, metabolism, and even
single drop of seawater can contain behavior. Disruptions to the
more than a million microbial cells, microbiome are caused by
and a teaspoon of soil might hold antibiotics, poor diet, or illness
billions. which have been linked to
conditions such as obesity, diabetes,
These organisms are depression, and autoimmune
extraordinarily diverse. diseases.
Bacteria and archaea are single-
celled prokaryotes, lacking a
nucleus, while fungi and protozoa
are often eukaryotic, with complex
cell structures. Viruses, on the other
hand, are not considered fully alive
by many scientists, as they cannot
reproduce without a host cell.

26
 Microbes in the Environment
In the environment, microbes are
vital to nutrient cycling. Microbes:
Decomposer microbes break down The Invisible Powerhouses of Life
dead plants and animals, returning engineered bacteria now produce
essential elements like nitrogen and insulin and other life-saving drugs.
carbon to the soil and atmosphere. Biotechnology has opened even
phytoplankton,microscopic more doors. Microbes are used to
photosynthetic organisms-produce produce biodegradable plastics,
at least half of the Earth's oxygen clean up oil spills through
and form the base of aquatic food bioremediation, and even generate
chains. renewable energy in the form of
biofuels. Synthetic biology allows
Soil microbes form symbiotic scientists to design microbial
relationships with plant roots, genomes with custom functions-
helping them absorb nutrients and such as detecting toxins or
protect against pathogens. Without producing vaccines.
microbes, agriculture would be far
less productive and ecosystems The Dark Side of Microbes
would collapse. MIOBIOLOGISTS ENJOY THINGS
Of course, not all microbes are
Industrial and Medical Uses beneficial. Pathogens-disease-
Humans have harnessed microbes causing microbes-have shaped
for thousands of years. human history through pandemics
Fermentation, powered by yeast like the Black Death, smallpox, and
and bacteria, is used to produce most recently, COVID-19. Viruses,
bread, cheese, yogurt, beer, and bacteria, and protozoa can all be
wine. In modern medicine, microbes deadly, especially when they spread
have revolutionized treatment: rapidly or evolve resistance to
antibiotics like penicillin were treatments.
discovered from fungi, and
genetically-? This dual nature of microbes-as
both saviors and threats-drives
global efforts to understand and
manage them. Vaccines, antibiotics,
and public health measures are our
primary tools for combatting
infectious diseases, while
microbiome research is offering new
strategies for maintaining health.

27
 THE FRONTIER OF MICROBIAL SCIENCE
WE ARE LIVING IN A GOLDEN AGE OF
MICROBIOLOGY. WITH THE ADVENT OF
HIGH THROUGH PUT DNA SEQUENCING,
SCIENTISTS CAN NOW IDENTIFY AND
ANALYZE ENTIRE MICROBIAL
COMMUNITIES WITHOUT NEEDING TO
CULTURE THEM IN A LAB. THIS HAS
REVEALED AN ASTONISHING AMOUNT
OF PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN MICROBIAL
LIFE, OFTEN IN-!

CONCLUSION
MICROBES ARE THE FOUNDATION OF LIFE ON
EARTH. THEY ARE INVISIBLE, YET THEIR IMPACT
IS IMMENSE IN SHAPING ECOSYSTEMS,
ADVANCING MEDICINE, AND SUSTAINING OUR
VERY EXISTENCE. AS WE CONTINUE TO
EXPLORE THEIR DIVERSITY AND POTENTIAL,
ONE THING IS CLEAR: UNDERSTANDING
MICROBES IS NOT JUST A SCIENTIFIC
ENDEAVOR,IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE FUTURE
OF OUR PLANET.

“MICROBIAL SUPERPOWERS”‌

SOME MICROBES CAN SURVIVE IN EXTREME‌

ENVIRONMENTS, LIKE HIGH TEMPERATURES,‌
RADIATION, OR TOXIC CHEMICALS.‌
CERTAIN MICROBES CAN PRODUCE ELECTRICITY,‌
CLEAN UP POLLUTION, OR EVEN HELP US DIGEST‌
FOOD.‌
MICROBES ARE INCREDIBLY DIVERSE, WITH‌
ESTIMATES SUGGESTING THERE MAY BE‌
TRILLIONS OF MICROBIAL‌
MICROBES PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN OUR GUT‌
HEALTH, HELPING US DIGEST FOOD AND ABSORB‌ Purva Patel
NUTRIENTS.‌
MICROBES ARE USED IN FOOD PRODUCTION, LIKE‌ 12th-S2
YOGURT, CHEESE, AND BREAD.‌
MICROBES CAN EVEN INFLUENCE OUR MOOD AND‌
BEHAVIOUR, WITH SOME RESEARCH SUGGESTING A‌
LINK BETWEEN GUT MICROBES AND MENTAL‌
HEALTH .‌
MICROBES ARE ANCIENT, WITH EVIDENCE OF‌
MICROBIAL LIFE DATING BACK BILLIONS OF‌
YEARS.‌
‌

28
🧬 Tardigrades and the Future of
Science

Tardigrades, The Quantum Tardigrade: Science

also known as water bears or moss collabration with Sci-Fi In a 2021
experiment, a team of researchers,
piglets, are some of the most
including Dr. Rainer Dumke and his
fascinating creatures on Earth. Despite
colleagues at Nanyang Technological
being only 0.5 mm long, these micro-
University in Singapore, did the
animals have superpowers: • They can unthinkable. They placed a tardigrade
survive temperatures from just above between two superconducting quantum
absolute zero to over 150°C. • They qubits at a temperature close to
endure lethal doses of radiation, absolute zero. This setup is used to
complete dehydration, and even the observe quantum entanglement—one of
vacuum of space. • They survive for the strangest phenomena in physics. The
decades in a suspended state called tardigrade didn’t just survive the ultra-
cryptobiosis, where they lose all water low temperatures—it became a part of
and stop metabolic activity—essentially the quantum system, possibly entering
into a quantum entangled state with the
hitting pause on life. But what’s really
qubits. This made the tardigrade the first
mind-blowing is that these tiny
known living organism to be involved in a
creatures might also help unlock the
quantum physics experiment, opening
mysteries of the quantum world. doors to research into how life can
interact with the quantum world.

29
 So… What’s the Big Deal? • This discovery
could revolutionize how we understand
life at a subatomic level. • It might lead to
biological quantum sensors, long-distance
quantum communication, and new
quantum computing technologies. • The
research also hints at the possibility of
preserving life for long-term space travel
using cryptobiosis, just like tardigrades.

About the Scientist: Dr. Rainer Dumke Dr.

Rainer Dumke is a German physicist
working in the field of experimental
quantum physics. His team focuses on the
interface between quantum systems and Why It’s Important for the Future?
biology—a bold and futuristic area of This study doesn’t just highlight how cool
study. In the famous 2021 study, Dr. tardigrades are—it’s also a stepping stone
Dumke and his team used Circuit Quantum toward. • Quantum biology—a field that
Electrodynamics (CQED) to observe the could explain mysteries like animal
interactions between a tardigrade and a navigation and human consciousness. •
quantum device. They reported that the Cryo-hibernation for space travel—
tardigrade might have coupled with the tardigrades could help us learn how to
qubit system, hinting at biological preserve astronauts for long journeys. •
compatibility with quantum machines. Dr. DNA protection and biotechnology—
Dumke’s work is considered pioneering, as tardigrade proteins might be used to
it bridges the gap between life sciences protect cells from radiation and aging.
and quantum mechanics—two fields that
were once thought to be completely Conclusion
separate. Tardigrades might be tiny, but their
potential is larger than life. From surviving
cosmic chaos to possibly becoming
quantum beings, these creatures are a
testament to nature’s brilliance. And
thanks to scientists like Dr. Rainer Dumke,
we are now beginning to understand just
how deep their power goes. As we venture
deeper into space and quantum science,
one thing’s for sure: tardigrades are
coming with us.

Rivaa Patel
30 11th-S1
 What are the most popular career
option after Grade 12th science other
than engineering??

If you choose architecture as a career after Grade 12th, you can specialize in a multitude of
subdisciplines mentioned below:

31
Embreaking on a criminology career transports you into A multidisciplinary [Link]'s a glimpse into
a spectrum of courses that can set you on this intriguing path:

32
Umesh Pandey
Pgt chemistry
 CREDITS AND ENDINGS
Vasishthians have always displayed a strong scientific temperament. Every
year their research work and innovative ideas find a special place in our
Science Magazine, showcasing facts and discoveries. It is truly exciting to
announce that we have successfully completed the publication of our
Science Magazine for the third consecutive time. Heartfelt thanks to all our
students for their valuable contributions, and big congratulations to each
one of them for this remarkable achievement!

Warm Regards,
Mrs Sapna Trivedi, PGT Biology,
Mr. Souvick Bose &
Mrs Pragadeeshwari

Mrs. Sapna Trivedi

Souvick Bose
Teacher In-Charge
Teacher In-Charge

Jaimik Patel Jiya Patel Zia Desai

Editor-in-Chief Editor-in-Chief Managing Director

Parikshit Gondaliya
Ayush Patel
Creative director
The Illustrator

33 SCIENCE MAGAZINE 3.0 TEAM

 Truth: Nature's like my aunt's gossip group - constantly changing
and drama-filled! Ecosystems are dynamic, and forest fires are like
nature's reboot.

Truth: Not everything natural is a spa day . Arsenic and snake venom
are natural, but you'd rather avoid them. Synthetic stuff like
vaccines? Now that's some good tech!

Truth: The wild is like a reality TV show - survival of the fittest,

and drama galore! Lions killing rival cubs? That's just politics,
animal-style.

Truth: Some ecosystems need a little TLC (or a controlled burn) to

stay healthy. Like…

Truth: Goldfish can remember things for up to three months, not just
three seconds!
38