COMBINATORICS

ASSIGNMENT-4 1

GEOMETRY
1. The figure shows a circle O with AB tangent at A and CD tangent at C so that AB = CD. Prove
that chord BD bisects AC.

2. In rectangle ABCD, AB = 2BC = 4cm E and F are midpoints of AB and CD respectively. ESD and
ETC are arcs of circles centred at A and B respectively. If the perpendicular bisector line l of EF
cuts the arcs S and T as in the diagram, then ST is equal to (in cm)

(a) (4–2√3) (b) (3+√3) (c) (2+2√3) (d) (4√3–2)

3. If P is the centroid of the triangle, prove that a2 + b2 + c2 = 3(PC2 + PA2 + PB2).

4. In ∆ABC, D and E are the midpoints of the sides AB and AC respectively, CD and BE intersect at
P with ∠BPC = 90°. Suppose BD = 8 5 and CE = 6 5 . Find BC.
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5. In the triangle ABC, AB = AC = 1, D and E are the midpoints of AB and AC respectively. Let P
be a point on DE and let the extensions of BP and CP meets the sides AC and AB at G and F
1 1
respectively. Find the value of + .
BF CG

6. Point P is inside ΔABC. Line segments APD, BPE, and CPF are drawn with D on BC, E on CA, and F on
AB (see the figure below). Given that AP = 6, BP= 9, PD = 6,
PE = 3,and CF =20, find the area of ∆ABC.

7. In convex quadrilateral KLMN side MN is perpendicular to diagonal KM, side KL, is perpendicular

to diagonal LN. MN = 65, and KL = 28. The line through L perpendicular to side KN, intersects diagonal

KM, at O with KO = 8. Find MO.

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8. Let O and H denote the circumcenter and orthocenter of an acute ∆ABC, respectively. Show that
∠BAH = ∠CAO.

9. Two sides of a triangle are 10 cm and 5 cm in length and the length of the median to the third side

is 6.5 cm. If the area of the triangle is 6 pc m 2 , find the value of p.

10. Let ABC be scalene triangle. The medians from A, B, C meet the circum- circle of ∆ABC again at
L, M and N respectively. If LM = LN, prove that, AB2 + AC2 = 2BC2
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ANSWERS KEY

2. (a) 4. (20) 5. (3) 6. (108)

7. (90)
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SOLUTIONS
1. The figure shows a circle O with AB tangent at A and CD tangent at C so that AB = CD. Prove
that chord BD bisects AC.

Sol:  +  = 180

AB AM AM
= =
Sin  sin  sin (180 −  )

AB AM
= .. ( i )
sin  sin 
BC CM
Similarly, = ... ( 2 )
sin  sin 
From (1) & (2)
AM = CM
2. In rectangle ABCD, AB = 2BC = 4cm E and F are midpoints of AB and CD respectively. ESD and
ETC are arcs of circles centred at A and B respectively. If the perpendicular bisector line l of EF
cuts the arcs S and T as in the diagram, then ST is equal to (in cm)

(a) (4–2√3) (b) (3+√3) (c) (2+2√3) (d) (4√3–2)

Sol: TP = BT 2 − BP 2 = 3
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ST = AB – 2TP = 4 - 2 3
3. If P is the centroid of the triangle, prove that a2 + b2 + c2 = 3(PC2 + PA2 + PB2).

Sol: 2(CF2 + c2/4) = a2 + b2

Similarly, 2(AD2 + a2/4) = c2 + b2, 2(BE2 + b2/4) = a2 + c2
Adding the three, AD2 + BE2 + CF2 = ¾ (a2 + b2 + c2)
We know, AD = 3/2 AP, BP = 3/2 BE, CP = 3/2 CF
 a2 + b2 + c2 = 3(PC2 + PA2 + PB2).
4. In ∆ABC, D and E are the midpoints of the sides AB and AC respectively, CD and BE intersect at
P with ∠BPC = 90°. Suppose BD = 8 5 and CE = 6 5 . Find BC.

Sol. Since D and E are the midpoints of the sides AB and AC respectively, we have DE is parallel to
BC and ΔPDE is similar to ΔPCB with
PD : PC = PE : PB = DE : CB = 1: 2.
Let PE = x and PD = y. Then PB = 2x and PC = 2y. By Pythagoras’ theorem applied to ΔPBD and
ΔPCE,
we get (2x)2 + y2 = (8 5)2

and (2y)2 + x2 = (6 5)2

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320 + 180
Adding these two equations, we have x2 + y2 = = 100
5
Thus BC2 = (2x)2 + (2y)2 = 400
Therefore BC = 20
5. In the triangle ABC, AB = AC = 1, D and E are the midpoints of AB and AC respectively. Let P
be a point on DE and let the extensions of BP and CP meets the sides AC and AB at G and F
1 1
respectively. Find the value of + .
BF CG

Ans (3)
Sol: Let DP = x, PE = y, and BC = a.
As ΔFDP is similar of ΔFBC,
DF x
We have =
BF a
 1
 BF −  x
Thus 
2
=
BF a
Solving for BF,
1 2 (a − x )
We have =
BF a
Similarly, from the fact GPE is
Similarly, to GBC,
1 2 (a − y )
We obtain =
CG a

Consequently
1
+
1
=
( 4a − 2 ( x + y ) )
BF CG a
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=
( 4a − a ) = 3
a
6. Point P is inside ΔABC. Line segments APD, BPE, and CPF are drawn with D on BC, E on CA, and F on
AB (see the figure below). Given that AP = 6, BP= 9, PD = 6,
PE = 3,and CF =20, find the area of ∆ABC.

Ans (108)
Sol: From D introduce DL || AC, intersecting PB at L,
∵ AP = PD and ∆APE ~ ∆DPL, ∆APE ≅ ∆DPL.
∴ PL = PE = 3, BL = LE = 6.
∴ D is the midpoint of BC.
From D introduce DK || AB, where
K is on PC, then ∆PDK ≅ ∆PAF,
1
 PF = CF = 5,CP = 15
4
By the formula for median
BC2 + 4PD2 = 2 ( PC2 + PB2 ) ,

BC2 = 2 (152 + 92 ) − 122 = 468,

i.e., BD2 = 117 + 92 + 62 = PB2 + PD2

therefore PD ⊥ PB at P.

7. In convex quadrilateral KLMN side MN is perpendicular to diagonal KM, side KL, is perpendicular

to diagonal LN. MN = 65, and KL = 28. The line through L perpendicular to side KN, intersects diagonal

KM, at O with KO = 8. Find MO.

Ans (90)
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Sol: Extend KL and NM past L and M respectively to meet at P. Let H be the intersection of diagonals
KM and LN (this is the orthocentre of ∆ KNP).
As ∆ KOL ~ ∆KHP (as LO ||PH, using the fact that H is the orthocentre), we may let OH = 8k and
LP = 28k. Then using similarly with triangle ∆KLH and ∆KMP we have
28 8 + 8k + HM
=
8 + 8k 28 + 28k
Cross - multiplying and dividing by 4 + 4k gives 2(8 + 8k + HM) = 28.7 = 196.
So MO = 8k + HM
196
= − 8 = 90
2
8. Let O and H denote the circumcenter and orthocenter of an acute ∆ABC, respectively. Show that
∠BAH = ∠CAO.

Sol. AOC = 2B

OAC = ½(180 – 2B) = 90 - B
BAH = 90 - B
 BAH = AOC
9. Two sides of a triangle are 10 cm and 5 cm in length and the length of the median to the third side

is 6.5 cm. If the area of the triangle is 6 pc m 2 , find the value of p.

Sol. Let D be the mid-point of BC. By Apollonius theorem

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AB2 + AC2 = 2(BD2 + AD2) (By Apollonius Theorem)

Or 4AD2 = 2AB2 + 2AC2 – BC2
 BC2 = 2AB2 + 2AC2 – 4AD2
2
 13 
= 2 (10 ) + 2 ( 5 ) − 4   = 81
2 2
(On simplification)
2
9 + 10 + 5
 BC = 9cm  s = = 12
2

Area = s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) = 6 p

= 12  3  7  2 = 6 b  p = 14
10. Let ABC be scalene triangle. The medians from A, B, C meet the circum- circle of ∆ABC again at
L, M and N respectively. If LM = LN, prove that, AB2 + AC2 = 2BC2
Sol.

Let G be the centroid of ∆ABC.

Now,
LNG ~ CAG ( AA )
LN GL
 = (1)
AC GC
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LMG ~ BAG ( AA )
LM GL
 =
AB GB
AB GB
Thus = (From Eq (1) (2) and using LN = LM)
AC GC
AB2 GB2
 =
AC 2 GC2
1
( 2AB2 + 2BC 2 − AC 2 )
=9 (By Apollonius theorem)
1
9
( 2AC 2 + 2BC 2 − AB2 )

AB2 − AC2 3 ( AB2 − AC2 )

 = (Subtracting 1 from both sides)
AC2 2AC2 + 2BC2 − AB 2
 2AC2 + 2BC2 − AB2 = 3AC2 (As triangle is scalene AB2 ≠ AC2)
 2BC2 = AB2 + AC2