EUI and HEUI Injection Systems Explained
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsEUI and HEUI Injection Systems Explained
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
In Cycle
THEME:
EUI and HEUI Injection System
GROUP MEMBERS SECTION NOTE
OF WORK
Cristobal Valle Franko A
Jorge Delgado Cristhian A
Loaiza Bailon Paul A
Lopez Quezada Raul C
FECHA DE ENTREGA: 26/06/2014
2014–1
1. INTRODUCTION:
The fuel injection is a feeding system ofengines of
internal combustionalternative to thecarburetorin the internal combustion engines,
What is used by practically all European cars since
1990, due to the obligation to reduce pollutant emissions and to
that the use of the catalyst be feasible and durable through an adjustment
optimal offactor lambda.
This system is used, mandatorily, in thediesel cycle since
always, since the fuel has to be injected into the
camera at the moment of combustion (although not always the chamber
it is above the piston head.
Thanks to today's electronics, the advantages of
electronic injection. It is important to clarify that currently all the
Electronic Injection Calculators, known as ECU 'Engine
Control Unit or ECM Engine Control Module. In the present report
we explain the functioning and the theory of the EUI injection system and
HEUI patented by the CATERPILLAR brand
2. OBJECTIVES:
To know perfectly the types of electronic injection
that exist in diesel engines.
Can you explain how the injection system works?
EUI and HEUI.
Differentiate and recognize the main types of injection
diesel electronics that exist in the market.
3. EUI INJECTION SYSTEM
The Caterpillar EUI Fuel System is electronically controlled.
The injection pump, the fuel lines, and the used injectors
in mechanical engines were replaced by a routine injector
electronic in each cylinder. A solenoid in each injector controls the
amount of fuel supplied by the injector. A Control Module
The electronic control module (ECM) sends a signal to each injector solenoid, which
controls the amount of fuel injected into each cylinder.
Figura 1. Sistema de Combustible EUI Caterpillar
4. ELEMENTS OF THE EUI INJECTION SYSTEM
Fuel tank
2. Primary and secondary filter
3. Gear type positive displacement pump
4. ECM
5. EUI Injectors
6. Sensors
a. ECM (electronic control module)
The brain of the electronic engine is the ECM. The ECM works as
regulator and computer of the fuel system. The ECM receives all
the signals coming from the sensors and activates the solenoids of the
injectors to control the synchronization and speed of the engine.
Figure 2. ECM of the 3406E Engine
b. Personality module
The engine ECUs have a Personality Module that can be
replaceable, as in the case of the EUI engines of previous models or
using only Flash programming, as in recent engines. The
personality module contains the software with all the information about
fuel system configuration (such as power, elevation of
by the fuel relationship rates) that determines the performance of
motor. Flash programming is the only method used to update the
software in most engines. This method requires
electronic reprogramming (installation of the Flash file) of the software of
Personality Module. Without this Flash file, the ET CAT could not
communicate with the ECM, and the engine would not start.
5. Input components of EUI engines are:
Engine fuel temperature sensor.
Ambient air temperature sensor.
Engine coolant level sensor.
Engine coolant flow switch.
Figure 3. Sensors of the S.I EUI
a. Throttle position sensor
The ECM uses the throttle position sensor as a key input.
to determine the desired speed of the motor. The Sensor of
The Accelerator Position (arrow) is located on the pedal of the
accelerator and is used to indicate the desired speed of the
motor from the operator to the ECM, electronically.
Figure 4. Throttle position sensor
b. Speed and synchronization sensor
The speed/synchronization sensors of the engine are sensors
magnetic that supply a frequency directly
proportional to the speed of the motor. The sensors of
speed/synchronization produce a duty cycle output,
that indicates the position of the crankshaft to the ECM. The sensors
of speed/synchronization are behind the cover of the
synchronization gears. The sensors shown here
they are the high-speed sensor at the top and the sensor of
crankshaft (low speed) at the bottom.
The speed/synchronization sensors perform three functions.
basics in the system:
Detect the speed of the motor.
Detect the engine synchronization.
Identify the number of the cylinder at the top dead center.
NOTE: The ECM must send a speed/synchronization signal.
for activate the injectors. Sin a signal of
speed/synchronization, the engine will not start.
c. Turbocharger outlet pressure sensor
The main function of the sensor is to activate the Ratio Control of
fuel, which reduces smoke, emissions, and maintains the
response of the engine during acceleration. The system uses the
boost pressure, atmospheric pressure, and engine speed
to control the fuel ratio.
A failure of this sensor will cause the ECM to reduce power
up to 60% when the ECM fails to a reinforcement condition
zero.
Figure 5. Turbocharger outlet pressure sensor
d. Incoming air temperature sensor
The high temperature in the incoming air implies high temperatures.
of the escape components (such as turbochargers and valve
of escape). See figure 5.
e. Atmospheric pressure sensor
The atmospheric pressure sensor (arrow) is installed in the block.
and has discharge into the atmosphere in the engine. The Pressure sensor
The atmosphere fulfills four main functions:
Automatic height compensation (maximum decrease of
24%)
Automatic filter compensation (maximum decrease of 20%)
if it exists
Part of the pressure calculation for the pressure readings of the
manometer
Reference sensor for pressure sensor calibration.
Figure 6. Atmospheric pressure sensor
6. EUI Injector
The EUI injector is electronically controlled and is activated in a manner
mechanics. The ECM signal controls the opening and closing of the valve of
solenoid. The solenoid valve controls the flow of fuel
of high pressure to the cylinder. This system causes the ECM to control the
volume and fuel injection timing.
Figure 6. EUI Injector
a. Operation of the EUI injector
The first part of the sequence is the filling of the injector with
low-pressure oil coming from the transfer pump.
The valve lifter rod and the rocker arm force the piston down.
below, what displaces the oil below the piston. Although
there is flow, at this moment no pressure is produced.
Figure 7. Operation of the EUI injector
As the piston descends, pressure is not generated but
until the solenoid is activated and the valve closes
counterpoint. The injector is now activated. The rod
valve lifters and the rocker arm force the piston down.
accumulates back pressure against the check valve of the
nozzle and increase the pressure in the oil under the piston.
The push rod and the rocker arm still force the piston.
downward, which accumulates more pressure in the fuel
under the plunger and open the check valve of the nozzle
to inject the fuel into the combustion chamber. The
oil injection ends when the force is spent to
the solenoid and releases pressure.
Figure 8. Operation of the EUI Injector
7. HEUI INJECTION SYSTEM
The HEUI system (Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector) is used in several brands of
medium-sized truck engine and Caterpillar machinery. The system
uses hydraulic actuated and controlled pump injectors
electronically. The engine hydraulic oil is used as hydraulic fluid.
The engine's oil pump feeds oil to a tank that is located next to it.
to a high pressure pump. This pump feeds high pressure oil to the
oil rails or galleries machined in the cylinder heads of the engine.
pressure oil allows the activation of the pumping element of the injector and
an oil pressure control valve, a pressure sensor, and the unit of
controls allow you to control the high pressure pump pressure between 500 to 3000
psi (3447 to 20684 kpa).
Figure No. 1
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
This injection system allows for varying the injection actuation pressure by
electronically. This unique capability means that the pressure regulation of
injection is completely independent of the speed of the crankshaft, as
the maximum pressure for spraying is available with the engine
operating at maximum or minimum regime.
The high oil drive pressure results in high pressure.
injection, hence a better atomization and distribution of the fuel, which
allows for a more complete combustion, reduces emissions and increases the
engine performance.
Figure No. 02
8. COMPONENTS OF THE HEUI INJECTION SYSTEM
HEUI INJECTOR
The HEUI pump injector consists of the following main components:
Solenoid
Disk valve or actuator
Piston or intensifier plunger
Injector nozzle assembly or mounting
Figure No. 03
i. Solenoid
It is a fast-action electromagnet that lifts the valve when activated.
disk or actuation of its seat against the action of a spring.
ii. Disc valve or actuator
The disc valve or actuator (Figure No. 04) rises from its seat.
when the injector solenoid is activated by the control unit (UCE). This
close the drainage and open the entrance for high hydraulic pressure to enter the area
what is above the intensifier piston.
Figure No.04
iii. Piston or intensifying plunger
When the injector solenoid is activated, the high hydraulic pressure operates the
upper part of the intensifier piston (Figure No. 05), pushing it towards
down together with the plunger. Because the surface area of the part
the superior of the piston is seven times greater than that of the piston, a
force seven times greater and is transmitted to the fuel that is below the
piston. This highly pressurized fuel raises the injector valve of
your seat and let it exit under pressure through the nozzles.
Figure No. 05
iv. Nozzle set or injector assembly
It consists of a needle valve and a conventional seat (Figure No. 06) that opens
inward. The spring pressure keeps the valve in its seat until
the fuel pressure lifts it from its seat during injection. The valve
controls the opening of the holes of the nozzle or spout. A pellet retains that
closes during injection (due to pressure) prevents fuel from escaping
trapped. After the injection, the sealing valve opens so that the cavity
the piston fills with fuel.
Figure No. 06
b. HYDRAULIC PUMP
Reservoir that supplies oil during engine start-up.
It works with motor oil pressurizing it to activate the
injectors.
Figure No. 07
c. ACTUATION PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE
INJECTION
Control the pumping pressure.
ECM sends control current to regulate the current pressure with the
desired.
Figure No. 08
d. SENSOR IAP
Read the current operating pressure and send the signal to the ECM.
It is connected to the high-pressure oil tube that activates the
injectors.
Figure No. 09
e. FUEL TRANSFER PUMP
Extract fuel from the tank by pressurizing it to 65 psi.
The pressurized fuel goes to the injectors.
Figure No. 10
f. ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULE
Computer that provides electronic control to the engine.
With the information gathered by the sensors, make adjustments to
the fuel distribution, injection pressure and injection of
on.
Figure No. 11
9. CIRCUITS THAT MAKE UP THE SYSTEM WITH INJECTOR PUMP
HEUI ELECTRONICS
a. Low pressure fuel circuit for HEUI system
Provides the necessary fuel for operation
of the injection system.
Purify the fuel
b. Actuation circuit of the HEUI pump injectors
c. Electronic circuits HEUI system
10. CONCLUSIONES:
The main parts of the injection system are recognized.
EUI and HEUI
The two injection systems explained earlier are governed
by a computer called ECM and works under pressures of up to
20,000 BAR
In the HEUI system, the high-pressure pump is independent, not
depende de las revoluciones del motor.
Both systems are highly economical, atomizing the
fuel makes better use of its chemical properties in the
explosion but it is inversely proportional to high costs in
repair and spare parts