Overview of Drilling Rigs and Components
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ScribdTranslationsOverview of Drilling Rigs and Components
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ScribdTranslationsTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY 'LUIS VARGAS TORRES'
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
OIL TECHNOLOGY
Drilling rigs
Alumna: Samaniego Loor María Belén
Ing. Jairo Obando Perea
Ninth Level 'A'
Esmeraldas, April 21, 2021
UTLVTE
Drilling rigs are used to carry out drillings of up to 800
and 6000 meters deep in the underground, both
ofwellsofgas, waterooil, as well as exploration surveys for
analyze thegeologyand find new deposits.
To drill the well:
The drill bit ortrepan, pushed by the weight of the string and
the straps on her, press against the ground.
Drilling mud is pumped into the drilling pipe,
that returns through the exterior of it, allowing for cooling and
drill lubrication.
The drill is rotated, either by the rotation of the string of
drilling or through a downhole motor or both at the same time.
The drilling mud helps to lift the ground rock to the surface.
The surface mud is filtered of impurities and debris to be
refilled to the well. It is very important to monitor possible
abnormalities in the return fluid, to avoid water hammer,
produced when the pressure on the drill increases or decreases
abruptly.
The drilling line or string gradually extends incorporating
approximately every 10 meters a new pipe section on the surface.
The entire process is based on a drilling tower that contains everything
necessary equipment to pump the drilling fluid, lower and raise the
line, control the pressures underground, separate the rocks from the fluid that
returns, and generates on-site the necessary electrical and mechanical energy for the
operation, generally using large diesel engines.
Parts of the Drilling Rig
1. Mud tank or pit: A large tank for
drilling fluid container that is found in the equipment of
drilling or at a mud mixing plant. In the equipment of
land drilling, most of the mud pits are a
rectangular steel construction, with partitions that contain
around 200 barrels each. They are arranged in series for the
activated sludge system.
2. Shakers or Sieves: The main device, and
perhaps more importantly, from the drilling team to remove the
perforated solids from the mud. This vibrating screen is simple in terms of
concept, but a bit more complicated to use in form
efficient.
3. Mud pump suction line: The line of
Flow is simply an inclined channel of flow by gravity.
used to send the mud coming from the upper end of the well
to the surface sludge treatment team.
4. PumpofmudHigh reciprocating pumps
pressure that pumps drilling fluid ("mud") into the pipe or
drilling pipe, returning on the outside of it, allowing
the cooling and lubrication of the drill bit or drilling tool to
same time that helps to elevate the ground rock.
5. MotorMotorize the systematic part of a
machine capable of operating the system, transforming some type
of energy (electric, of fuelsfossils, etc.), inenergy
mechanicscapable of performing awork.
6. Pump hose
7. Fishing reel
8. Vertical line: transports the drilling fluid
up to the vertical tube
9. Mud hose
10. Goose neck: A section of rigid pipe in
inverted "U" shape, usually used as a conduit for the
high-pressure drilling fluid. In particular, the term applies to
a structure that connects the upper end of a pipe
vertical rise, ascending up a tower or a mast, to a sleeve
of injection that in turn is connected to another gooseneck
between the flexible cable and the swivel joint.
11. RiggingThis pulley system creates a great
mechanical advantage for the action of the metal drilling cable,
allowing the rise or fall of heavy loads (string of
drilling, casing pipe and short casing pipes
in the well.
12. Hoist cable
13. Crown block: The fixed set of pulleys
(called pulleys) located at the upper end of the tower of
drilling or the mast, on which the drilling cable is threaded.
The complementary blocks (rigging) of these pulleys are
travel blocks (mobile rigging).
14. Structure
15. Changuera or Hook floor: One of the
members of the drilling brigade that owes its name to the fact that
working on a platform fixed to the tower or the mast, generally at
26 m [85 feet] above the drilling floor, during the
maneuvers.
16. Lingadas (3 sections of 9-meter pipe each)
shot is the usual
17. Rack: they are made with threaded perforations
from #12-24, for the correct installation of accessories with measurements
19" standard.
18. Rotary mud connection (in modern equipment)
is replaced by the top drive)
19. Drilling bar (rotating along with the table,
although it can move up and down freely)
20. Rotary table (activates the drilling rod)
21. Drilling floor
22. Bell nipple
23. Annular Blowout Preventer (BOP): A large valve used
to control the well fluids. In this type of valve, the element
the sealing resembles a compressed rubber toroidal ring
mechanically inward to close the pipes (portamecha or
drill string, drilling column, casing pipe or
production tubing) or the open hole.
24. Blind and pipeline valve: Valve of
artificial lift gas isolation placed in a mandrel
of artificial lift by gas to isolate the string of pipe from the
ring. Often, gas artificial lift valves are
they are replaced by blind valves during the intervention work on
wells completed with artificial lift by gas.
25. Drilling stringThe combination of the column
deperforation, the bottom hole arrangement and any other
tool used for the drill bit to rotate at the bottom of the well.
26. Drill(TrepanAn untrépano is a device
what is placed at the end of adrilling stringfor it to break,
cut and grind the rock formations while drilling a well. Already
whether it is a gas, water, or oil well. The drills are hollow
to allow the passage of the drilling fluid, which jets out through
interchangeable tips.
27. Head of the casing
28. Sludge return line: Also called line of
flow, the large diameter metal pipe that connects the bell nipple
situated below the rotating table with the rotating tank of the
mud tanks. The flow line is simply a sloped conduit
gravity flow used to send the sludge from the
upper end of the well towards the sludge treatment equipment of
surface.
LINKOGRAPHIES:
mud return line
[Link]
[Link]
Crown Block