LESSON 3
4. Set Operations
Venn Diagram – is a graphic way of showing how two or more groups
of information overlap or have the same features. Each circle
represents one of the sets, or groups of information
U stands for the Universal Set. This is the collection of all the sets we
are discussing.
Union – For any two sets A and B, the set consisting of all elements
belonging to either set A or set B is A union B. It is denoted by A U B.
Example:
A = {2, 3, 5, 7} B = {2, 4, 6, 7}
AUB=
A B
3 4
2
5 7 6
Intersection – For any two sets A and B, the set consisting of all
elements belonging to both A and B is the intersection of A and B. It is
denoted by
A ∩ B.
Example:
A = {0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8} B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
A∩B=
A B
0 2 3 5
4 8 1 7 9
Complement - the complement of a given set A is the set which
contains the elements not found in set A but are found in the universal
set. This is denoted by A’.
Bachelor of Science and Bulacan Date Developed:
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Polytechnic Date Revised:
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Example:
U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, m}
A = {a, c, e, g}
B = {a, b, d, f, h}
A’ = {b,d,f,h,m} B’ = {c,e,g,m}
Difference of two sets (A – B) – is the set of all elements that belong
to A but not to B.
Example:
A = {1, 2, 3, 4} B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
A – B = {1,4) B – A = {5,7}
Seatwork # 4:
A. List all the elements in the set described.
Given:
U = {0, 1, 2, 3, …, 15}
A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15}
B = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}
C = {5, 10, 15}
1. A U B :
2. A – B:
3. A’:
4. B’:
5. A ∩ B:
6. B – A:
7. (A U B)’:
8. B – C:
9. C’:
10. A U C’:
Bachelor of Science and Bulacan Date Developed:
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Polytechnic Date Revised:
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B. Use the given information to describe the sets.
Given:
U = {x|x are numbers between 2 and 20}
A = {x|x is an even number less than 15}
B = {x|x is a prime number less than 20}
C = {x|x is a counting number greater than 10 but
less than 20}
1. A U B:
2. A ∩ C:
3. B U C:
4. A’ ∩ B’:
5. B – C:
6. (A U B) – C:
7. (A ∩ B)’ ∩ C:
8. A U B U C:
9. B’ U C’:
10. C’ – B:
5. Illustrating Venn Diagram
A. Fill in the sets with the correct data given the Venn diagram. The numbers
inside the circles are the element of the set.
1. X = {1, 2, 4, 5, 10} 6. X U Y = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15}
2. Y = {1, 6, 10, 15} 7. X U Y U Z = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 15}
3. Z = {5, 7, 10, 15} 8. X ∩ Z = {5, 10}
4. X – Y = {2, 4, 5} 9. (X U Z) ∩ Y = {1, 10, 15}
5. Y – Z = {1, 6} 10. Y U (X ∩ Z) = {1, 5, 6, 10, 15}
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Polytechnic Date Revised:
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B. Identify the elements of each sets in the diagram.
1.
A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {3, 4, 5, 8, 9}
C = {5, 6, 7, 9}
2.
A = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8}
B = {2, 4, 5, 6, 7}
C = {5, 6, 8, 9, 10}
Solving Word Problems Involving Venn Diagram
In a group of 6o students:
34 are members of Music Club (Mu)
30 are members of Art Club (A)
32 are members of Math Club (Ma)
25 are members of Art and Music Club (A ∩ Mu)
14 are members of Math and Music Club
(Ma ∩ Mu)
11 are members of Art and Math Club (A ∩ Ma)
7 are members of all the three clubs
14
7 2
7
4 18
Bachelor of Science and Bulacan Date Developed:
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1. How many are members of Math Club only? 14
2. How many are members of Music Club only? 2
3. How many are members of Art Club only? 1
4. How many are members of Art and Music Club but not members of Math
Club? 21
5. How many are members of both Math and Music Clubs only? 23
6. How many are not members of Math Club? 28
7. How many students do not belong to any of the three clubs? 7
Seatwork # 5
Use a Venn Diagram to solve the following problems.
1. Seventy-two students were taken at random from all Grade 11 students of
Bulacan Polytechnic College. An interview with them by the guidance
counsellor on subject preference revealed the following results:
34 favored Science
30 favored Math
28 favored Reading
15 favored Math and Reading
12 favored Math and Science
10 favored Science and Reading
8 favored all three subjects
a. How many favoured Science only?
b. How many favoured Math only?
c. How many favoured Reading only?
d. How many did not favour any subjects?
Bachelor of Science and Bulacan Date Developed:
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Polytechnic Date Revised:
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2. During the recent survey conducted on 130 families by the food
production team at Kabuhayan Village, it was found out that some families
were engaged in gardening, poultry raising, and fishpond rising. The findings
of the team were as follows:
68 families were engaged in gardening
58 families were engaged in fishpond
52 families were engaged in poultry raising
24 families were engaged in
fishpond and Gardening
20 families were engaged in
fishpond and poultry Raising
15 families were engaged in
poultry raising and gardening
10 families were engaged in the
three food production activities
a. How many families were engaged in gardening only?
b. How many families were engaged in poultry rising only?
c. How many families were engaged in fishpond raising only?
d. How many families were not engaged in any of the three activities?
e. How many families were engaged in at least two of them?
Bachelor of Science and Bulacan Date Developed:
Office Management June 2020
Polytechnic Date Revised:
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Mathematics in Modern College
World Document No. Developed by:
Revision # 00
MMW - 113 Mr. Churkie B. Santos