PYTHON PROGRAMS

1. Write a program in Python to print full pyramid patterns.

def full_pyramid(n):
for i in range(1, n+1):
# Print leading spaces
for j in range(n-i):
print(" ", end="")

# Print asterisks for the current row

for k in range(1,2*i):
print("*", end="")
print()

full_pyramid(5)

Output:

*
***
*****
*******
*********

2. Write a program in Python to print pyramid patterns with numbers.

# Function to demonstrate printing pattern of numbers

def numpat(n):

# initialising starting number

num = 1

# outer loop to handle number of rows

for i in range(0, n):

# re assigning num
num = 1

# inner loop to handle number of columns

# values changing acc. to outer loop
for j in range(0, i+1):

# printing number
print(num, end=" ")

# incrementing number at each column

num = num + 1

# ending line after each row

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 print("")

# Driver code
n=5
numpat(n)

Output:

1
12
123
1234
12345

3. Write a program in Python to calculate the factorial of an integer using recursion.

def factorial(n):
if n == 1:
return n
else:
return n*factorial(n-1)

num=int(input("Enter the number: "))

if num < 0:
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
print("The factorial of ",num," is ", factorial(num))

OUTPUT:
Enter the number: 5
The factorial of 5 is 120

4. Write a program in Python to print Fibonacci Series using recursion.

def fibonacci(n):
if n<=1:
return n
else:
return(fibonacci(n-1)+fibonacci(n-2))

num=int(input("How many terms you want to display: "))

for i in range(num):

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 print(fibonacci(i)," ", end=" ")

OUTPUT:
How many terms you want to display: 8
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13

5. Write a recursive Python program to test if a string is Palindrome or not.

def isStringPalindrome(str):
if len(str)<=1:
return True
else:
if str[0]==str[-1]:
return isStringPalindrome(str[1:-1])
else:
return False

#__main__
s=input("Enter the string : ")
y=isStringPalindrome(s)
if y==True:
print("String is Palindrome")
else:
print("String is Not Palindrome")

OUTPUT:
Enter the string: madam
String is Palindrome

6. Write a program in Python to perform the basic arithmetic operations by using functions.

def add(n1, n2):

return n1 + n2

def sub(n1, n2):

return n1 - n2

def mul(n1, n2):

return n1 * n2

def div(n1, n2):

return n1 / n2

print("Please Select operation -\n"

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 "1. Add\n"
"2. Subtract\n"
"3. Multiply\n"
"4. Divide\n")

ch = int(input("Select operation (1-4): "))

n1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

n2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

if ch == 1:
print(n1, "+", n2, "=", add(n1, n2))
elif ch == 2:
print(n1, "-", n2, "=", sub(n1, n2))
elif ch == 3:
print(n1, "*", n2, "=", mul(n1, n2))
elif ch == 4:
print(n1, "/", n2, "=", div(n1, n2))
else:
print("Invalid input")

Output:
Please select operation -
1. Add
2. Subtract
3. Multiply
4. Divide

Select operation (1-4): 1

Enter first number: 56
Enter second number: 5989
56 + 5989 = 6045

Please select operation -

1. Add
2. Subtract
3. Multiply
4. Divide

Select operation (1-4): 2

Enter first number: 56
Enter second number: 2
56 - 2 = 54

Please select operation -

1. Add
2. Subtract
3. Multiply
4. Divide

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Select operation (1-4): 3
Enter first number: 526
Enter second number: 8
526 * 8 = 4208

Please select operation -

1. Add
2. Subtract
3. Multiply
4. Divide

Select operation (1-4): 4

Enter first number: 859
Enter second number: 56
859 / 56 = 15.339285714285714

7. Write a program in Python to handle division by zero error by using try-except block.

def safe_divide(numerator, denominator):

try:
result = numerator / denominator
return result
except ZeroDivisionError:
return "Error: Division by zero is not allowed."

def get_user_input():
"""
Gets user input for two numbers and handles potential ValueError.

Returns:
tuple or None: A tuple of two numbers, or None if input is invalid.
"""
try:
num1 = float(input("Enter the numerator: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter the denominator: "))
return num1, num2
except ValueError:
print("Error: Invalid input. Please enter a valid number.")
return None

if __name__ == "__main__":
numbers = get_user_input()
if numbers:
n, d = numbers
division_result = safe_divide(n, d)
print("Result:", division_result)

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Output:

Enter the numerator: 12

Enter the denominator: 0
Result: Error: Division by zero is not allowed.

8. Write a program in Python to read a text file line by line and display each word separated by '#'.

fin=open("D:\\python programs\\[Link]",'r')
L1=[Link]( )
s=' '
for i in range(len(L1)):
L=L1[i].split( )
for j in L:
s=s+j
s=s+'#'
print(s)
[Link]( )

OUTPUT:
Text in file:
hello how are you?
python is case-sensitive language.

Output in python shell:

hello#how#are#you?#python#is#case-sensitive#language.#

9. Write a program in Python to count vowels, consonants, uppercase and lowercase characters in a text
file.
def count_characters(file_path):
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
consonants = "bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyzBCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZ"
uppercase_count = 0
lowercase_count = 0
vowel_count = 0
consonant_count = 0

try:
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
content = [Link]()
for char in content:
if [Link]():
if [Link]():
uppercase_count += 1

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 elif [Link]():
lowercase_count += 1

if char in vowels:
vowel_count += 1
elif char in consonants:
consonant_count += 1

print(f"Uppercase characters: {uppercase_count}")

print(f"Lowercase characters: {lowercase_count}")
print(f"Vowels: {vowel_count}")
print(f"Consonants: {consonant_count}")

except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"File '{file_path}' not found.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

file_path = '[Link]'
count_characters(file_path)

The text file contains -

This is the first line.
This is the second line.
Output:

Uppercase characters: 2
Lowercase characters: 35
Vowels: 13
Consonants: 24

10. Write a program in Python to remove all lines contain the character 'a' and write to another file.

def remove_lines_with_character(file_path, character, output_file_path):

try:
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
lines = [Link]()

# Remove lines containing the specified character

modified_lines = [line for line in lines if character not in line]

with open(output_file_path, 'w') as output_file:

output_file.writelines(modified_lines)

print(f"Lines containing '{character}' removed. Modified content saved to '{output_file_path}'.")

except FileNotFoundError:

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 print(f"File '{file_path}' not found.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

# Replace 'input_file.txt', 'output_file.txt', and 'a' with the actual paths and character
input_file_path = '[Link]'
output_file_path = '[Link]'
character_to_remove = 'a'

remove_lines_with_character(input_file_path, character_to_remove, output_file_path)

Output:
Lines containing 'a' removed. Modified content saved to '[Link]'.

If the file contains -

Harry Potter books.
There is a difference in the books.
We can see it as harry grows.
The books were written by J. K. Rowling.
Then, the modified text file, file1 conatins -
The books were written by J. K. Rowling.

11. Write a program in Python to create a binary file with name and roll number. Search for a given roll
number and display the name, if not found display appropriate message.

import pickle
def create_student_records(filename="[Link]"):
"""
Creates or overwrites a binary file with student names and roll numbers.
"""
records = []
while True:
name = input("Enter student name (or 'q' to quit): ")
if [Link]() == 'q':
break
try:
roll_number = int(input("Enter roll number: "))
[Link]({'name': name, 'roll_number': roll_number})
except ValueError:
print("Invalid roll number. Please enter an integer.")
with open(filename, 'wb') as file:
[Link](records, file)
print(f"Student records saved to {filename}")
def search_student_by_roll(filename="[Link]"):
"""

8
 Searches for a student by roll number in the binary file and displays their name.
"""
try:
with open(filename, 'rb') as file:
records = [Link](file)
except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"Error: File '{filename}' not found. Please create records first.")
return
except EOFError:
print(f"Error: File '{filename}' is empty.")
return
try:
search_roll = int(input("Enter the roll number to search: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter an integer for the roll number.")
return
found = False
for record in records:
if record['roll_number'] == search_roll:
print(f"Name: {record['name']}")
found = True
break
if not found:
print(f"Roll number {search_roll} not found in records.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
while True:
print("\n--- Menu ---")
print("1. Create/Update student records")
print("2. Search for a student by roll number")
print("3. Exit")
choice = input("Enter your choice: ")
if choice == '1':
create_student_records()
elif choice == '2':
search_student_by_roll()
elif choice == '3':
print("Exiting program.")
break
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")

Output:

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--- Menu ---
1. Create/Update student records
2. Search for a student by roll number
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter student name (or 'q' to quit): Rahul
Enter roll number: 1
Enter student name (or 'q' to quit): Praful
Enter roll number: 2
Enter student name (or 'q' to quit): Naman
Enter roll number: 3
Enter student name (or 'q' to quit): Ajay
Enter roll number: 4
Enter student name (or 'q' to quit): Subhash
Enter roll number: 5
Enter student name (or 'q' to quit): q
Student records saved to [Link]

--- Menu ---

1. Create/Update student records
2. Search for a student by roll number
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 5
Invalid choice. Please try again.

--- Menu ---

1. Create/Update student records
2. Search for a student by roll number
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter the roll number to search: 4
Name: Ajay

--- Menu ---

1. Create/Update student records
2. Search for a student by roll number
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Exiting program.

12. Write a program in Python to create a binary file with roll number, name and marks. Input a roll
number and update the marks.

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import pickle
def create_student_record_file(filename="student_records.dat"):
"""Creates or appends student records to a binary file."""
with open(filename, 'ab') as file:
while True:
try:
roll_no = int(input("Enter roll number (0 to finish): "))
if roll_no == 0:
break
name = input("Enter name: ")
marks = float(input("Enter marks: "))
student_data = {'roll_no': roll_no, 'name': name, 'marks': marks}
[Link](student_data, file)
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter a number for roll number and marks.")
print("Student records saved to", filename)
def update_student_marks(filename="student_records.dat"):
"""Updates the marks of a student based on their roll number."""
try:
roll_to_update = int(input("Enter the roll number of the student to update: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter a number for the roll number.")
return
updated_records = []
found = False
try:
with open(filename, 'rb') as infile:
while True:
try:
record = [Link](infile)
if record['roll_no'] == roll_to_update:
try:
new_marks = float(input(f"Enter new marks for {record['name']} (current marks:
{record['marks']}): "))
record['marks'] = new_marks
found = True
print("Marks updated successfully.")
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter a number for marks.")
updated_records.append(record)
except EOFError:
break
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found. Please create student records first.")

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 return
if not found:
print(f"Roll number {roll_to_update} not found.")
return
with open(filename, 'wb') as outfile:
for record in updated_records:
[Link](record, outfile)
def display_records(filename="student_records.dat"):
"""Displays all student records from the binary file."""
try:
with open(filename, 'rb') as file:
print("\n--- Student Records ---")
while True:
try:
record = [Link](file)
print(f"Roll No: {record['roll_no']}, Name: {record['name']}, Marks: {record['marks']}")
except EOFError:
break
print("-----------------------")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found. Please create student records first.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
while True:
print("\n1. Create/Add Student Records")
print("2. Update Student Marks")
print("3. Display All Records")
print("4. Exit")
choice = input("Enter your choice: ")
if choice == '1':
create_student_record_file()
elif choice == '2':
update_student_marks()
elif choice == '3':
display_records()
elif choice == '4':
print("Exiting program.")
break
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")

Output:

1. Create/Add Student Records

12
2. Update Student Marks
3. Display All Records
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter roll number (0 to finish): 1
Enter name: Ajay
Enter marks: 86
Enter roll number (0 to finish): 2
Enter name: Naman
Enter marks: 95
Enter roll number (0 to finish): 3
Enter name: Praful
Enter marks: 77
Enter roll number (0 to finish): 4
Enter name: Rahul
Enter marks: 80
Enter roll number (0 to finish): 5
Enter name: Subhash
Enter marks: 90
Enter roll number (0 to finish): 0
Student records saved to student_records.dat

1. Create/Add Student Records

2. Update Student Marks
3. Display All Records
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter the roll number of the student to update: 2
Enter new marks for Naman (current marks: 95.0): 100
Marks updated successfully.

1. Create/Add Student Records

2. Update Student Marks
3. Display All Records
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 4
Exiting program.

13. Write a program in Python to write a random number generator that generates random numbers
between 1 and 6 (simulates a dice).

import random
def roll_dice():
"""
Generates a random integer between 1 and 6, simulating a dice roll.
"""
return [Link](1, 6)

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# Example usage:
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Rolling the dice...")
result = roll_dice()
print(f"The dice rolled a: {result}")

# You can call roll_dice() multiple times to simulate multiple rolls

print(f"Another roll: {roll_dice()}")

Output:

Rolling the dice...

The dice rolled a: 3
Another roll: 5

14. Write a Python program to implement a stack using list.

Note - Write the program written in the book.

15. Write a program in Python to create a CSV file by entering user-id and password, read and search
the password for given userid.

import csv
import os
FILE_NAME = 'user_data.csv'
def create_csv_if_not_exists():
"""Create the CSV file with headers if it doesn't already exist."""
if not [Link](FILE_NAME):
with open(FILE_NAME, 'w', newline='') as file:
writer = [Link](file)
[Link](['user_id', 'password'])
def add_user():
"""Adds a new user-id and password to the CSV file."""
user_id = input("Enter a new user ID: ")
password = input("Enter a new password: ")
with open(FILE_NAME, 'a', newline='') as file:
writer = [Link](file)
[Link]([user_id, password])
print("User added successfully!")
def search_password():
"""Searches for and retrieves the password for a given user ID."""
search_id = input("Enter the user ID to search for: ")
found = False
with open(FILE_NAME, 'r') as file:

14
 reader = [Link](file)
# Skip the header row
next(reader, None)
for row in reader:
if row[0] == search_id:
print(f"Password for {search_id} is: {row[1]}")
found = True
break
if not found:
print(f"User ID '{search_id}' not found.")

def main():
"""The main function to run the program."""
create_csv_if_not_exists()
while True:
print("\nMenu:")
print("1. Add a new user")
print("2. Search for a password by user ID")
print("3. Exit")
choice = input("Enter your choice: ")
if choice == '1':
add_user()
elif choice == '2':
search_password()
elif choice == '3':
break
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

Output:

Menu:
1. Add a new user
2. Search for a password by user ID
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter a new user ID: student1
Enter a new password: Stud@123
User added successfully!

Menu:
1. Add a new user
2. Search for a password by user ID
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter a new user ID: student2
Enter a new password: Stud2@123

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User added successfully!

Menu:
1. Add a new user
2. Search for a password by user ID
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter a new user ID: student3
Enter a new password: Stud3@3
User added successfully!

Menu:
1. Add a new user
2. Search for a password by user ID
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter a new user ID: student4
Enter a new password: Stud4@4
User added successfully!

Menu:
1. Add a new user
2. Search for a password by user ID
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter a new user ID: student5
Enter a new password: Stud5@123
User added successfully!

Menu:
1. Add a new user
2. Search for a password by user ID
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter the user ID to search for: student3
Password for student3 is: Stud3@3

Menu:
1. Add a new user
2. Search for a password by user ID
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 3

SQL QUERIES

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16. To write SQL Queries for the following questions based on the given table:

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17. To write SQL Queries for the following questions based on the given table:

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18. To write SQL Queries for the following questions based on the given table:

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19. To write SQL Queries for the following questions based on the given table:

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20. To write SQL Queries for the following questions based on the given table:

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PYTHON – MySQL CONNECTIVITY

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21. Create a program in Python to integrate MySQL with Python (creating database and table).

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22. Create a program in Python to integrate MySQL with Python (inserting and displaying records).

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23. Create a program in Python to integrate MySQL with Python (searching and displaying record).

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24. Create a program in Python to integrate MySQL with Python (updating records).

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