UNIVERSITY OF KINSHASA

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCES

Prof. Claude Wakenge

Ass. Maxim Makundosi

Ass. James Kiba

INTRODUCTION
English is a widely spoken language, used as a native or second language in
many countries around the world. It is taught in schools globally and is spoken
by over 300 million people as their first language, with millions more using it
as a second language.

The primary English-speaking countries include the United States, the British
Isles, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Liberia, and
various territories under the UK and US. Approximately 300 million people
speak English as a second language, and an additional 100 million speak it
fluently as a foreign language. Overall, around one billion people have some
knowledge of English.

English is also widely used in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and other former
British colonies as an official language or medium of instruction. It is a key
language in education, administration, and media in the Philippines and is
taught in schools across Europe, South America, Asia, and Africa.

Despite the historical dominance of French and Russian in certain regions,

English has become increasingly popular as a second language in these areas.
It is the primary language of international commerce and often chosen as the
preferred language for communication in global organizations like the United
Nations.

The rise of English as a global language began with British colonization and
was further propelled by the Industrial Revolution, scientific advancements,
and Britain's imperial power. Today, English is spoken by one in seven people
worldwide, either as a first or second language.

English replaced Latin and French as the dominant language of education and
diplomacy, respectively. Its versatility and widespread use make it
unparalleled in its global reach and influence. People learn English for career
opportunities, higher pay, access to knowledge, and communication with a
diverse global audience.
English belongs to the Indo-European language family, specifically the
Germanic branch. It originated from the dialects spoken by the Angles, Jutes,
Saxons, and Frisians who settled in England. These tribes' linguistic and
cultural interactions led to the development of what we now know as the
English language. In the DRC, English is used as a foreign language after
French, which is used in the administration, followed by the four dominant
national languages spoken across the country.

Course Objectives:
 Highlight the significance of English in the global context, particularly in
the DRC;
 Know some techniques used in agriculture;
 develop understanding of English language skills;
 Develop some English language skills through conversational practice;
 Acquire knowledge in the agricultural field in both French and English
for future vocational endeavors;
 be aware of the specific vocabulary in English relevant to your field;
 Become an active participant and language user;
 Use specific language in their future career.
 FIRST PART

COMMUNICATIVE
PART
Basic conversation
DIALOGUE 1

At Campus’ Park

Yuni : hello!
Mrs. Shalihah : hello!
Yuni : Excuse me, ma’am. Could you tell me how to
get to the university’s Library?
Mrs. Shalihah : Of course. It’s on Cendikia Street, just across
the campus’ sport center.
Yuni : Cendikia Street?
Mrs. Shalihah : That’s right. Do you know
where it is?
Yuni : I’m afraid I don’t. I’m a new
student here.
Mrs. Shalihah : Well, do you know where the campus’
post office is?
Yuni : No, I don’t. But, I do know where the
Kartini Hall is.
Mrs. Shalihah : I’m not sure that’s going to help us. Let
me see… why don’t you follow this street, Soedirman street,
until you get to the stoplight. Take a right there, that’s
Anggrek Street, and go up about two or three blocks, until
you get to the Cendikia. Then, turn right. The library is on
your left about ten meters ahead.
Yuni : Hmm… Let me try to figure it out, Soedirman
street, and… Anggrek Street, Cendikia, and then… turn right…hmm…
Mrs. Shalihah : That’s correct, ten or fifteen meters.
Yuni : Well, thank you very much, ma’am. You’ve
been very helpful!
Mrs. Shalihah : That’s quite all right.
 Discussion:
1. Where did the new
student want to go?
2. How many streets does
the student have to pass
before she finds the
library?
3. How far is from Cendikia
street to the library?

DIALOGUE 2
At Campus’ gate

Fikri : Hi, My name is Fikri, a Management student.

Hasan : Hi, Fikri. I’m Hasan, from Communication
Department. (shaking hand)
Fikri : I’m really sorry to trouble you, but could you tell me
how I can get to the Soekarno-Hatta’s building? I’m going to have a
class there at 7.30 in room 201.
Hasan : Yes. No problem. It's that way. You only need to
keep walking straight ahead. Then, after you pass the library you have
to turn left. After that, take your first right and it's just across from
the bus stop. You cannot miss it.
Fikri : Thank you so much! It’s my first day at the
university, so I don't know how to get anywhere yet.
Hasan : Oh, I know that feeling. My brother and I have
started the course here since 6 months ago, and I still don't know
how to find certain places! This university is so big.
Fikri : It really is. So, just to double check. Keep walking
straight ahead till I pass the library, then I have to turn left and take
the first right. Then it's across the bus stop. Is that correct?
Hasan : Yes, that is correct.
Fikri : Well, thanks for helping me. I must go now. My class
will be started in 5 minutes, hopefully I haven't miss it!
Hasan : OK, bye.
 Discussion:
What are the speakers’
major?
Where does Fikri’s class
take place this morning?
Do you think Fikri is a new
student at the university?
How long has Hasan
studied in the university?
What building Fikri has to
pass to get to his class?

Vocabularies
Words Meaning
Management The process of dealing with or controlling things or
people
Communication The imparting or exchanging of information or news
Department A division of a large organization such as a government,
university, business, or shop, dealing with a specific
subject, commodity, or area of activity
Bus stop A place where a bus regularly stops, typically marked by
a sign

DIALOGUE 3

At Dean’s Room

Amir : Good morning sir!

Secretary : Good morning! May I help you?
Amir : Yes. I would like to meet Prof. Muhammad. Is the
professor in the room?
Secretary : Oh, have you made any appointment previously?
Amir : Yes. I have sent him a message and he is willing to
 meet me at 1.p.m today.
Secretary : Alright. It’s a quarter to one, now. I think the
professor is still attending the seminar upstairs.
Amir : Oh, I see.
Secretary : You can wait for him here or you can go directly to
the seminar’s room.
Amir : Is it alright if I wait for the professor upstairs, in front
of the seminar’s room?
Secretary : Yes, I think so. The professor is fine to meet anywhere.
Amir : OK, then. I think I will go straight to the seminar’s
room. But, anyway, can you direct me to the seminar’s room?
Secretary : Oh, it’s just upstairs, the second floor. You can pass
this corridor and go up the stairs. When you get the second floor, you
will see the seminar’s room on your right side, at the corner of the
floor.
Amir : Is there any elevator in this building? I had an
accident last two weeks, my leg is still painful.
Secretary : Oh I’m sorry to hear that. Yes, there is an elevator in
this building for sure. It is right there, just one block from this room.
But you need to be patient a little bit because it’s usually crowded at
this time.
Amir : Hmm… Well, No problem. I’ll take the elevator.
Thanks for your help.
Secretary : You’re welcome.

Discussion
What time did
the student come
to meet the
professor?
Where is the
professor now?
What happened
to the student
Vocabularies
Words Meaning
Quarter to one 12.45; fifteen minutes to one
Upstairs On or to an upper floor of a building
Painful of part of the body) affected with pain
Elevator A platform or compartment housed in a shaft for
raising and lowering people or things to different floors
or levels
Crowded (of a space) full of people, leaving little or no
room for movement; packed

LET’S LEARN

ASKING AND GIVING DIRECTION

SITUATION ASKING FOR GIVING DIRECTION

DIRECTION
More Formal Excuse me. Could you Go down/up this road until
(please) tell me the way you get to…
to…? Keep going/Stay on this
Pardon me. Could you please street until you see…
tell me how to get to…? Turn left/right.
Could you tell me where (the Make a left/right turn.
nearest restroom) is? Take the first left/right turn.
Can you tell me where (the Follow this street until you
library) is? come to a traffic light/an
Excuse me. How do I get intersection/ a road sign.
to…? It is the second U-turn.
How can I get to…? It is next to the library
It is across the street from…

Less formal Is this the way to…? You will pass…, you cannot
Do you know where (the miss it.
laboratory) is?
Can you direct me to…?
 USEFUL EXPRESSION
In front of Go past
Behind Go across
At the back of Go along
Next to Go straight on
Beside Go up
Across Go down
Intersection Go through
T-junction Go out of
on the corner opposite
 EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1
COMPLETING DIALOGUES
SITUATION 1
A: Good morning!
B:
A: ?
B: You mean Diponegoro Hall?
A:
B: That’s easy. Just
A:
B: Don’t mention it.

SITUATION 2
A:
B: Excuse me. Do you know where Laboratory is?
A: . Just go through this corridor,
then turn right. The Laboratory is on your left. You will see the room’s
sign.
A:
B: My pleasure.

EXERCISE 2
GUIDED DIALOGUES
SITUATION 1

A will have a class in Teuku Umar Hall in

room 105. He/she does not know where
the room is. He/she meets B and asks for
the direction to the room.
 A B
1. greet B 1. Replies
2. explains situation, asks where 2. Gives direction
Teuku Umar Hall is
3. asks for clarification and where 3. Reexplain the direction,and
105 room Is gives complete direction to
105 room
4. repeats directions 4. confirms directions
5. thanks B 5. replies to thanks

SITUATION 2

A is a student from Communication

Department. He/She would like to attend
an international conference in Diponegoro
Hall. He/she has arrived at the hall’s lobby
but does not know where the conference
exactly takes place. He/she then goes to
meet the receptionist.

A B
1. smile 1. Greets A
2. replies 2. Offers help
3. explains the situation and asks where 3. Gives direction the
Conference takes places
4. thanks B 4. thanks B
Other questions:
Q.1 Your introduction
Ans. My name is
Q.2 Where do you live?
Ans. I live in
Q.3 What is your father’s name?
Ans. My father’s name is
Q.4 What is your mother’s name?
Ans. My mother’s name is
Q.5 When is your birthday?
Ans. My birthday is on
Q.6 Do you like to play games?
Ans. Yes, I liketo play games.
Q.7 Which games do you like to play?
Ans. I like to play Kabbadi, Khokho and Cricket.
Q.8 Do you like watching cartoon films?
Ans. Yes, I likewatchingcartoon films?
Q.9 Do you obey your elders?
Ans. Yes, I obey my elders.
More questions:
1. How big is your family?
2. What are your parents like?
3. Do you like your mother or your father?
4. Are/Were your parents strict?
5. Who do you get along better with, your mother or your father?
6. What is the best memory you have of your family doing
something together?
7. What are some of your fondest memories of childhood?
8. What kind of things do you do with your family?
 9. What was the most important thing your parents taught you?
10. Are/Were you pressured by your family to act in a certain way?
11. If you were offered an excellent job opportunity abroad,
would you consider leaving your family for an indefinit e
period of time?
12. Describe a typical family unit and the importance of family in your
country.
13. Can you describe one of your closest friends.
Questions again:
1. What is the longest friendship that you have had?
2. Do you have any childhood friendships that are still strong today?
Tell us about them.
3. Do you have any long distance friends?
4. Have you made any friends over the Internet?
5. How do you maintain a good friendship?
6. What qualities do you think are important in a friend?
7. What things should friends never do?
8. There is a saying "To have a good friend, you need to be a
good friend." How can you be a good friend?
9. What type of people do you get along with best?
10. What behavior of others hurts you most? When you have
upset someone by your actions, what do you try to do?
11. Why do you need a friend?
12. When did you first use the Internet?
13. What are the sites you most commonly access?
14. Do you access the Internet from your mobile phone?
15. What type of pages do you access with your phone?
16. How has the Internet changed society?
17. Do you think our lives have been improved by the Internet?
18. Would you consider going out with someone that you met on the
Internet?
19. How can the internet help you learn English? Do you take
advantage of this?
20. What are some of the ways the Internet can be used for
education?
21. Many Universities are now offering online courses. Give me
some reasons why this is a good thing. Give me some
reasons why this is a bad thing.
22. What are some security issues you must think about when
you access the Internet?
23. Do you think that working at home using the Internet is good or
bad?
24. Do you think that the Internet is making people more impatient
and that we are becoming to want instant satisfaction?

25. Do you usually remember your dreams? If so, describe some of

them.
26. What was your nicest dream that you can remember?
27. Do you usually read books on dream interpretation?
28. What is your opinion on it?
29. Have you ever had nightmares?
30. What were they like?
31. Do you generally have pleasant dreams or nightmares?
32. Do you believe that dreams can som etimes predict the
future? Why or Why not?
33. Some people say that dreaming about losing money
means that you will receive it. Have you ever heard this?
34. What other sayings about dreams do you know?
35. Do you think that having dreams and aspirations is a waste of
time?
36. When you were a child, what was your dream for the future?
37. Have your dreams for your future changed?
38. Do you tell people about your dreams?
39. Do you think you can achieve your dreams?
40. What are some things that define a culture? For example, music,
language, ...
41. What do you think is interesting about your culture?
42. What do you like about your culture? What don't you like about
your culture?
43. What in your culture are you most proud about?
44. If you could change one thing about your culture, what would it
be?
45. How do young people in your culture behave differently from
older people?
46. Would you ever consider living perman ently in a country
other than your home country? Why or why not?
47. If a group of people just came to your country from
overseas, what advice would you give them?
48. What is culture shock? Have you ever experienced culture shock?
49. On what occasions do you exchange flowers in your country?
50. Do you think "when in Rome, do as the Romans do" is
always good advice? Why or why not?
51. What do you think is important when visiting another culture?
52. Why are manners important?
53. What do you think are some good manners?
54. What do you think are some bad manners?
55. What are some good manners for using a cell phone?
56. What are some good table manners?
57. What's the best way to teach manners to children?
58. What culture is the most polite? Why do you think so?
59. Do you think it is good manners to hug or kiss another person in
greeting?
60. What advice would you give a foreigner visiting your country who
would like to show good manners?
61. When you are entering an elevator, what should you do if there
are people getting out?
62. Can manners affect your success in life? How?
63. What are some manners in your country that no longer exist?
64. Did you have a happy childhood?
65. What did you like to do when you were a child?
66. How old were you when you learned to ride a bicycle? Do you
remember ?
67. who taught you to ride a bicycle?
68. What was your favorite game? Who did you play it with?
69. Were you good at making friends? How did you make
friends? Did you have a lot of friends?
70. What did you like about school?
71. What didn't you like about school?
72. Were your parents super protective? At what age could
you go places by yourself? Did your parents always tell
you what to do?
73. When you were a child, what did you want to grow up to be?
74. What foods did you like eating? What foods didn't you like to eat?
75. What was your favorite toy when you were a child? Who
gave you this toy? Did it have a name?
76. Did you have any nickname? Explain.
77. Were you afraid of anything? What and why?

78. What are some characteristics of your personality?

79. Are you happy with your personality? Why or why not?
80. What makes you happy? What makes you angry?
81. Are you a determined person? Are you a stubborn person?
82. Are you shy ? In which occasions are you shy?
83. Do you consider yourself selfish ? Why or why not?
84. Do you think you have an unusual personality? Why or why not?
85. Are you more introverted (focused on your inner world) or
more extraverted (focused on other people and the outer
world)?
86. Do you think you can change a major characteristic of your
personality if you try?
87. If you could change any aspect of your personality, what would it
be?
88. What personality traits do you consider important in a good
friend / a boss / a partner?
89. Do you think birth order makes a difference in your personality?
 SECOND PART

TECHNICAL
PART
Agricultural science
By studying agriculture will help you gain expertise in farming, crop science,
and sustainable resource management. These skills are versatile and can be
applied in various fields such as aquaculture, horticulture, forestry, floristry,
and crop science. Agriculture studies cover a wide range of topics including
farm planning, pasture production, livestock management, equipment
operation, staff management, and business operations essential for success in
the industry.

Basic agricultural vocabulary in English

English French
Example of use Translation of the example
word translation

Farm Ferme He lives on a farm. Il vit dans une ferme.

L'agriculteur plante des

Farmer Agriculteur The farmer is planting seeds.
graines.

Field Champ The wheat field is vast. Le champ de blé est vaste.

The corn crop was abundant this La récolte de maïs a été

Crop Récolte
year. abondante cette année.

Good soil is essential for healthy Un bon sol est essentiel

Soil Sol
crops. pour des cultures saines.

Récolte / We will harvest the apples in Nous récolterons les

Harvest
Récolter September. pommes en septembre.

L'agriculture est une

Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture is a vital industry.
industrie vitale.

La ferme possède beaucoup

Livestock Bétail The farm has a lot of livestock.
de bétail.

The tractor is used to plow the Le tracteur est utilisé pour

Tractor Tracteur
fields. labourer les champs.

He bought a new plow for the Il a acheté une nouvelle

Plow Charrue
farm. charrue pour la ferme.
 Les graines ont été semées
Seed Graine The seeds were sown in spring.
au printemps.

Utilisez de l'engrais
Use organic fertilizer for better
Fertilizer Engrais biologique pour de
crops.
meilleures cultures.

Pesticides can be harmful to the Les pesticides peuvent être

Pesticide Pesticide
environment. nuisibles à l'environnement.

L'irrigation est cruciale dans

Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation is crucial in dry areas.
les zones sèches.

They grow tomatoes in the Ils cultivent des tomates

Greenhouse Serre
greenhouse. dans la serre.

1. Agricultural production
Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

Le maraîcher vend
Vegetable Maraîcher / The vegetable grower sells fresh
des produits frais au
Grower Maraîchère produce at the market.
marché.

Le céréalier a récolté
Céréalier / The cereal farmer harvested a large
Cereal Farmer une grande quantité
Céréalière amount of wheat.
de blé.

Le viticulteur a
Viticulteur / The vine grower produced a fine
Vine Grower produit un bon vin
Viticultrice wine this year.
cette année.

L'arboriculteur
Arboriculteur / The fruit grower has an orchard of
Fruit Grower possède un verger
Arboricultrice apple trees.
de pommiers.

Apiculteur / The beekeeper harvested honey L'apiculteur a récolté

Beekeeper
Apicultrice from the hives. du miel des ruches.

L'éleveur élève du
Livestock The livestock farmer raises cattle
Éleveur / Éleveuse bétail et des
Farmer and sheep.
moutons.

L'horticulteur se
Horticulteur / The horticulturist specializes in
Horticulturist spécialise dans la
Horticultrice growing flowers.
culture de fleurs.
 L'aquaculteur gère
Aquaculteur / The fish farmer manages a large
Fish Farmer une grande
Aquacultrice fish farm.
pisciculture.

Le pisciculteur
Pisciculteur / The fish breeder ensures the health
Fish Breeder assure la santé des
Piscicultrice of the fish.
poissons.

2. Management and advice

Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

The agricultural engineer L'ingénieur agronome a

Agricultural Ingénieur
developed a new irrigation développé un nouveau
Engineer Agronome
system. système d'irrigation.

Le technicien agricole aide

Agricultural The agricultural technician
Technicien Agricole les agriculteurs avec les
Technician helps farmers with soil testing.
tests de sol.

Conseiller en The organic farming Le conseiller en agriculture

Organic Farming
Agriculture consultant advises on biologique conseille sur les
Consultant
Biologique sustainable practices. pratiques durables.

Le consultant en
Precision Consultant en The precision agriculture
agriculture de précision
Agriculture Agriculture de consultant uses technology to
utilise la technologie pour
Consultant Précision improve yields.
améliorer les rendements.

The agricultural inspector L'inspecteur agricole veille

Agricultural
Inspecteur Agricole ensures compliance with au respect des
Inspector
regulations. réglementations.

3. Processing and marketing

Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

Le transformateur
The food processor turns
Transformateur alimentaire transforme
Food Processor raw produce into packaged
Alimentaire les produits bruts en
goods.
produits emballés.
Agricultural The agricultural product Le commercial en
Commercial en
Product salesperson travels to produits agricoles se
Produits Agricoles
Salesperson markets. rend sur les marchés.

L'acheteur en produits
The agricultural product
Agricultural Acheteur en Produits agricoles négocie les
buyer negotiates prices with
Product Buyer Agricoles prix avec les
farmers.
agriculteurs.

The wine and spirits Le négociant en vins et

Wine and Spirits Négociant en Vins et
merchant imports fine spiritueux importe des
Merchant Spiritueux
wines. vins fins.

Le responsable de
Agricultural The cooperative manager coopérative agricole
Responsable de
Cooperative coordinates sales for coordonne les ventes
Coopérative Agricole
Manager member farmers. pour les agriculteurs
membres.

4. Research and development

Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

Le chercheur en
Agronomy Chercheur en The agronomy researcher agronomie étudie
Researcher Agronomie studies crop improvement. l'amélioration des
cultures.

The agricultural Le biotechnologiste

Agricultural Biotechnologiste
biotechnologist works on agricole travaille sur
Biotechnologist Agricole
GMO crops. les cultures OGM.

Le spécialiste en
The plant protection
Plant Protection Spécialiste en protection des plantes
specialist advises on pest
Specialist Protection des Plantes conseille sur la gestion
management.
des ravageurs.

Le scientifique en sols
The soil scientist conducts
Soil Scientist Scientifique en Sols réalise des tests de
soil fertility tests.
fertilité des sols.
5. Environment and durability
Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

L'expert en
Sustainable Expert en The sustainable development
développement
Development Développement expert promotes eco-friendly
durable promeut les
Expert Durable practices.
pratiques écologiques.

Le spécialiste en
The agroforestry specialist
Agroforestry Spécialiste en agroforesterie intègre
integrates trees into farming
Specialist Agroforesterie les arbres dans les
systems.
systèmes agricoles.

Le gestionnaire de
The natural resource ressources naturelles
Natural Resource Gestionnaire de
manager oversees water and supervise la
Manager Ressources Naturelles
soil conservation. conservation de l'eau
et des sols.

6. Agricultural technologies
Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

L'ingénieur en
Agricultural
Ingénieur en The agricultural machinery machinerie agricole
Machinery
Machinerie Agricole engineer designs new tractors. conçoit de nouveaux
Engineer
tracteurs.

Le technicien en
Agricultural The robotics technician robotique agricole
Technicien en
Robotics maintains automated farm entretient les
Robotique Agricole
Technician equipment. équipements agricoles
automatisés.

Le développeur de
Agricultural The software developer
Développeur de logiciels agricoles crée
Software creates farm management
Logiciels Agricoles des applications de
Developer applications.
gestion de ferme.
7. Other professions related to agriculture

Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

Le journaliste agricole
Agricultural The agricultural journalist
Journaliste Agricole rend compte des
Journalist reports on industry trends.
tendances de l'industrie.

L'enseignant en
Agricultural Enseignant en The science teacher educates sciences agricoles
Science Teacher Sciences Agricoles students about agriculture. éduque les étudiants sur
l'agriculture.

L'ouvrier agricole aide à

The farm worker assists with
Farm Worker Ouvrier Agricole la plantation et à la
planting and harvesting.
récolte.

Types of cultures in English

English French
Example of use Translation of the example
word translation

Wheat is harvested in the

Wheat Blé Le blé est récolté en été.
summer.

Corn is a staple crop in many Le maïs est une culture de

Corn Maïs
countries. base dans de nombreux pays.

L'orge est utilisée dans la

Barley Orge Barley is used in beer production.
production de bière.

Le riz est un aliment de base

Rice is a staple food for half the
Rice Riz pour la moitié de la population
world's population.
mondiale.

L'avoine est couramment

Oats are commonly used in
Oats Avoine utilisée dans les céréales pour
breakfast cereals.
le petit-déjeuner.

Les graines de soja sont

Soybeans are processed into tofu
Soybeans Soja transformées en tofu et en lait
and soy milk.
de soja.

Fresh vegetables are sold at the Les légumes frais sont vendus
Vegetables Légumes
farmers' market. au marché fermier.
 Les fruits comme les pommes
Fruits like apples and oranges are
Fruits Fruits et les oranges sont riches en
rich in vitamins.
vitamines.

Les pommes de terre peuvent

Pommes de Potatoes can be baked, boiled, or
Potatoes être cuites au four, bouillies ou
terre fried.
frites.

Tomatoes are a key ingredient in Les tomates sont un ingrédient

Tomatoes Tomates
many salads. clé de nombreuses salades.

Les carottes sont riches en

Carrots Carottes Carrots are rich in beta-carotene.
bêta-carotène.

Les pommes existent en de

Apples come in many varieties,
Apples Pommes nombreuses variétés, comme
such as Fuji and Gala.
Fuji et Gala.

Les raisins sont utilisés pour

Grapes Raisins Grapes are used to make wine.
faire du vin.

Strawberries are popular in Les fraises sont populaires

Strawberries Fraises
desserts. dans les desserts.

Lettuce is a common ingredient in La laitue est un ingrédient

Lettuce Laitue
salads. courant des salades.

English glossary of agricultural equipment

Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

Le tracteur laboure les

Tractor Tracteur The tractor plows the fields.
champs.

L'agriculteur utilise une

The farmer uses a plow to turn
Plow Charrue charrue pour retourner le
the soil.
sol.

The harvester gathers the La moissonneuse récolte

Harvester Moissonneuse
crops. les cultures.

Traduction
Mot anglais Exemple d'utilisation Traduction de l'exemple
française

Le tracteur laboure les

Tractor Tracteur The tractor plows the fields.
champs.
 L'agriculteur utilise une
The farmer uses a plow to turn
Plow Charrue charrue pour retourner le
the soil.
sol.

The harvester gathers the La moissonneuse récolte

Harvester Moissonneuse
crops. les cultures.

The seeder plants the seeds Le semoir plante les

Seeder Semoir
evenly. graines uniformément.

Irrigation The irrigation system waters the Le système d'irrigation

Système d'irrigation
system crops. arrose les cultures.

Fertilizer The fertilizer spreader L'épandeur d'engrais

Épandeur d'engrais
spreader distributes nutrients. distribue les nutriments.

Le pulvérisateur applique
The sprayer applies pesticides
Sprayer Pulvérisateur des pesticides sur les
to the plants.
plantes.

La moissonneuse-batteuse
Moissonneuse- The combine harvests grain
Combine récolte les céréales
batteuse crops efficiently.
efficacement.

The cultivator prepares the soil Le cultivateur prépare le sol

Cultivator Cultivateur
for planting. pour la plantation.

Les presses à balles

The balers compact hay into
Balers Presse à balles compactent le foin en
bales.
balles.

Le motoculteur casse le
Tiller Motoculteur The tiller breaks up the soil.
sol.

The greenhouse allows for La serre permet une culture

Greenhouse Serre
year-round cultivation. toute l'année.

Le jardinier utilise une houe

The gardener uses a hoe to
Hoe Houe pour enlever les mauvaises
remove weeds. herbes.

Le travailleur creuse avec

Shovel Pelle The worker digs with a shovel.
une pelle.

The rake is used to gather Le râteau est utilisé pour

Rake Râteau
leaves. rassembler les feuilles.
Agricultural techniques and methods

Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

Sowing is done in early Les semis sont faits au

Sowing Semis
spring. début du printemps.

Planting trees can improve Planter des arbres peut

Planting Plantation
soil stability. améliorer la stabilité du sol.

Le désherbage est
Weeding is essential for crop
Weeding Désherbage essentiel pour la santé des
health.
cultures.

La taille des vignes aide à

Pruning the vines helps
Pruning Taille améliorer la qualité du
improve grape quality.
raisin.

La greffe peut créer de

Grafting can create new
Grafting Greffe nouvelles variétés d'arbres
varieties of fruit trees.
fruitiers.

La rotation des cultures

Crop rotation prevents soil
Crop rotation Rotation des cultures prévient l'épuisement du
depletion.
sol.

L'agriculture biologique
Organic Organic farming avoids the
Agriculture biologique évite l'utilisation de produits
farming use of synthetic chemicals.
chimiques synthétiques.

Mot anglais Traduction française Exemple d'utilisation Traduction de l'exemple

Sowing is done in early Les semis sont faits au

Sowing Semis
spring. début du printemps.

Planting trees can improve Planter des arbres peut

Planting Plantation
soil stability. améliorer la stabilité du sol.

Le désherbage est
Weeding is essential for crop
Weeding Désherbage essentiel pour la santé des
health.
cultures.

La taille des vignes aide à

Pruning the vines helps
Pruning Taille améliorer la qualité du
improve grape quality.
raisin.
 La greffe peut créer de
Grafting can create new
Grafting Greffe nouvelles variétés d'arbres
varieties of fruit trees.
fruitiers.

La rotation des cultures

Crop rotation prevents soil
Crop rotation Rotation des cultures prévient l'épuisement du
depletion.
sol.

L'agriculture biologique
Organic Organic farming avoids the
Agriculture biologique évite l'utilisation de produits
farming use of synthetic chemicals.
chimiques synthétiques.

L'hydroponie permet de
Hydroponics allows for soil-
Hydroponics Hydroponie cultiver des plantes sans
less growing of plants.
sol.

L'aquaponie combine
Aquaponics combines fish
Aquaponics Aquaponie l'élevage de poissons avec
farming with plant cultivation.
la culture de plantes.

La plantation de
Companion Plantation de Companion planting can compagnonnage peut
planting compagnonnage naturally repel pests. naturellement repousser les
ravageurs.

Mulching helps retain soil Le paillage aide à retenir

Mulching Paillage
moisture. l'humidité du sol.

Cover cropping improves soil La culture de couverture

Cover cropping Culture de couverture
fertility. améliore la fertilité du sol.

L'irrigation goutte à goutte

Drip irrigation conserves
Irrigation goutte à économise de l'eau en
Drip irrigation water by targeting plant
goutte ciblant les racines des
roots.
plantes.

Agriculture sans No-till farming reduces soil L'agriculture sans labour

No-till farming
labour erosion. réduit l'érosion des sols.

La lutte contre les

Lutte contre les Pest control is vital for
Pest control ravageurs est essentielle
ravageurs protecting crops.
pour protéger les cultures.
The main livestock in English
English French
Example of use Translation of the example
word translation

Cattle are raised for both meat and Le bétail est élevé pour la
Cattle Bétail (bovins)
milk. viande et le lait.

Les moutons fournissent de

Sheep Moutons Sheep provide wool and meat.
la laine et de la viande.

Goats are known for their milk and Les chèvres sont connues
Goat Chèvre
cheese. pour leur lait et leur fromage.

Les cochons sont élevés pour

Pig Cochon Pigs are raised for pork.
le porc.

Les poulets pondent des

Chickens lay eggs and provide
Chicken Poulet œufs et fournissent de la
meat.
viande.

Les chevaux sont utilisés

Horses are used for riding and farm
Horse Cheval pour l'équitation et le travail à
work.
la ferme.

Ducks are raised for their meat and Les canards sont élevés pour
Duck Canard
eggs. leur viande et leurs œufs.

Turkeys are commonly eaten during Les dindes sont couramment

Turkey Dinde
festive occasions. consommées lors des fêtes.

Rabbits are kept for their meat and Les lapins sont élevés pour
Rabbit Lapin
fur. leur viande et leur fourrure.

Les vaches sont traites deux

Cow Vache Cows are milked twice a day.
fois par jour.

Bulls are used for breeding Les taureaux sont utilisés

Bull Taureau
purposes. pour la reproduction.

Calf Veau A calf is a young cow. Un veau est une jeune vache.

L'agneau est une viande

Lamb is a popular meat in many
Lamb Agneau populaire dans de
cuisines.
nombreuses cuisines.

Le chevreau est un bébé

Kid Chevreau The kid is a baby goat.
chèvre.
 La brebis s'occupe de son
Ewe Brebis The ewe takes care of her lamb.
agneau.

Environment and durability

French Translation of the
English word Example of use
translation example

La durabilité est cruciale

Sustainability is crucial for
Sustainability Durabilité pour les générations
future generations.
futures.

Les efforts de conservation

Conservation efforts protect
Conservation Conservation protègent les ressources
natural resources.
naturelles.

La biodiversité est vitale

Biodiversity is vital for
Biodiversity Biodiversité pour la santé des
ecosystem health.
écosystèmes.

L'érosion peut gravement

Erosion can severely damage
Erosion Érosion endommager les terres
farmland.
agricoles.

Compost enriches the soil with Le compost enrichit le sol

Compost Compost
nutrients. en nutriments.

Les ressources
Renewable Ressources Renewable resources are key renouvelables sont
resources renouvelables to sustainable energy. essentielles pour une
énergie durable.

Réduire votre empreinte

Empreinte Reducing your carbon footprint
Carbon footprint carbone aide à lutter contre
carbone helps combat climate change.
le changement climatique.

Protecting ecosystems ensures Protéger les écosystèmes

Ecosystem Écosystème
biodiversity. assure la biodiversité.

La matière organique
Organic matter improves soil
Organic matter Matière organique améliore la structure du
structure.
sol.

La fertilité du sol est

Soil fertility is essential for good
Soil fertility Fertilité du sol essentielle pour de bons
crop yields.
rendements.

Water Conservation de Water conservation techniques Les techniques de

conservation l'eau save precious resources. conservation de l'eau
économisent des
ressources précieuses.

Le reboisement aide à
Reforestation helps restore
Reforestation Reboisement restaurer les terres
degraded lands.
dégradées.

L'agroforesterie intègre les

Agroforestry integrates trees
Agroforestry Agroforesterie arbres dans les systèmes
into farming systems.
agricoles.

L'agroforesterie intègre les

Agroforestry integrates trees
Agroforestry Agroforesterie arbres dans les systèmes
into farming systems.
agricoles.

Maintenir les habitats

Maintaining wildlife habitats is
Wildlife habitat Habitat faunique fauniques est crucial pour
crucial for species survival.
la survie des espèces.

Renforcer la résilience
Climate Résilience Building climate resilience
climatique aide les
resilience climatique helps farmers adapt.
agriculteurs à s'adapter.

Trade and market

English
French translation Example of use Translation of the example
word

The farmer sells produce at L'agriculteur vend ses

Market Marché
the local market. produits au marché local.

The supply of fresh vegetables L'approvisionnement en

Supply Approvisionnement
is steady. légumes frais est régulier.

The demand for organic food La demande de nourriture

Demand Demande
is increasing. biologique augmente.

Exportation / The country exports grain to Le pays exporte des céréales

Export
Exporter many nations. vers de nombreuses nations.

Importation / Ils importent du café du

Import They import coffee from Brazil.
Importer Brésil.

Le gouvernement accorde
The government provides
Subsidy Subvention des subventions aux
subsidies to farmers.
agriculteurs.
 Les tarifs douaniers sur les
Tariffs on imports can affect
Tariff Tarif douanier importations peuvent affecter
prices.
les prix.

Trade The new trade agreement Le nouvel accord commercial

Accord commercial
agreement benefits both countries. profite aux deux pays.

Ils achètent des fruits en gros

They buy fruit wholesale to
Wholesale Vente en gros pour les revendre dans leur
resell at their store.
magasin.

The retail price of vegetables Le prix de détail des légumes

Retail Vente au détail
has increased. a augmenté.

Le prix du blé fluctue en

The price of wheat fluctuates
Price Prix fonction de la demande du
with market demand.
marché.

The cost of farming equipment Le coût des équipements

Cost Coût
is high. agricoles est élevé.

The farm made a good profit La ferme a réalisé un bon

Profit Profit
this year. profit cette année.

The drought caused significant La sécheresse a causé une

Loss Perte
crop loss. perte de récolte importante.

The company aims to increase L'entreprise vise à augmenter

Market share Part de marché
its market share. sa part de marché.

Quality and certification

French
English word Example of use Translation of the example
translation

Les produits biologiques sont

Organic produce is grown
Organic Biologique cultivés sans produits
without synthetic chemicals.
chimiques synthétiques.

Les OGM sont souvent

GMOs are often debated in
GMO OGM débattus dans les cercles
agricultural circles. agricoles.

Les cultures sans pesticides

Pesticide-free crops are
Pesticide-free Sans pesticides sont plus saines pour la
healthier for consumption.
consommation.

Fair trade Commerce Fair trade practices ensure Les pratiques de commerce
 equitable farmers receive fair équitable garantissent que les
compensation. agriculteurs reçoivent une
compensation équitable.

La ferme est certifiée

Certified Certifié The farm is certified organic.
biologique.

The label indicates that the L'étiquette indique que le

Label Étiquette
product is organic. produit est biologique.

Le contrôle de qualité garantit

Quality Quality control ensures the
Contrôle de qualité que les produits répondent aux
control products meet standards.
normes.

La traçabilité permet aux

Traceability allows consumers
Traceability Traçabilité consommateurs de connaître
to know the product's origin.
l'origine du produit.

Compliance with regulations La conformité aux

Compliance Conformité
is mandatory. réglementations est obligatoire.

Les réglementations agricoles

Agricultural regulations help
Regulation Réglementation aident à maintenir la sécurité
maintain food safety.
alimentaire.

There are strict standards for Il existe des normes strictes

Standard Norme
organic certification. pour la certification biologique.

Des inspections régulières sont

Regular inspections are
Inspection Inspection effectuées pour garantir la
carried out to ensure quality.
qualité.

The laboratory has received Le laboratoire a reçu

Accreditation Accréditation accreditation for its testing l'accréditation pour ses
methods. méthodes de test.

Certification Organisme de The certification body verifies L'organisme de certification

body certification organic standards. vérifie les normes biologiques.

Les agriculteurs sont

Meilleures Farmers are encouraged to
Best practices encouragés à suivre les
pratiques follow best practices.
meilleures pratiques.
Problems and challenges

French
English word Example of use Translation of the example
translation

The drought has affected crop La sécheresse a affecté les

Drought Sécheresse
yields. rendements des cultures.

The flood damaged the L'inondation a endommagé

Flood Inondation
farmland. les terres agricoles.

Pests can destroy an entire Les ravageurs peuvent

Pest Ravageur
crop. détruire une récolte entière.

Les maladies des plantes

Plant diseases can spread peuvent se propager
Disease Maladie
quickly in monocultures. rapidement dans les
monocultures.

Le changement climatique
Climate Changement Climate change poses a
représente une menace
change climatique significant threat to agriculture.
importante pour l'agriculture.

La dégradation du sol
Soil Dégradation du Soil degradation leads to
entraîne une diminution de la
degradation sol reduced fertility.
fertilité.

Assurer la sécurité
Sécurité Ensuring food security is a
Food security alimentaire est une priorité
alimentaire global priority.
mondiale.

Water scarcity affects irrigation La pénurie d'eau affecte les

Water scarcity Pénurie d'eau
practices. pratiques d'irrigation.

La pollution due aux

Pollution from pesticides can
Pollution Pollution pesticides peut nuire à la
harm wildlife.
faune.

Overgrazing can lead to Le surpâturage peut conduire

Overgrazing Surpâturage
desertification. à la désertification.

Desertification reduces arable La désertification réduit les

Desertification Désertification
land. terres arables.

Les espèces envahissantes

Invasive Espèces Invasive species disrupt local
perturbent les écosystèmes
species envahissantes ecosystems.
locaux.
 L'échec de la récolte peut
Échec de la Crop failure can lead to food
Crop failure entraîner des pénuries
récolte shortages.
alimentaires.

Les agriculteurs sont

Perte de Farmers are concerned about préoccupés par la perte de
Yield loss
rendement yield loss due to pests. rendement due aux
ravageurs.

La volatilité du marché rend

Market Volatilité du Market volatility makes
la planification difficile pour
volatility marché planning difficult for farmers.
les agriculteurs.

Technological innovations

French
English word Example of use Translation of the example
translation

L'agriculture de précision
Precision Agriculture de Precision farming optimizes
optimise l'utilisation des
farming précision resource use.
ressources.

Drones are used for crop Les drones sont utilisés pour
Drones Drones
monitoring. la surveillance des cultures.

GPS technology helps with field La technologie GPS aide à

GPS GPS
mapping. la cartographie des champs.

Les systèmes d'irrigation

Irrigation Smart irrigation systems
Smart irrigation intelligente économisent
intelligente conserve water.
l'eau.

Les innovations en
Technologie Agri-tech innovations are technologie agricole
Agri-tech
agricole transforming farming practices. transforment les pratiques
agricoles.

La biotechnologie développe
Biotechnology develops
Biotechnology Biotechnologie des cultures résistantes aux
disease-resistant crops.
maladies.

La génomique aide à
Genomics helps in
Genomics Génomique comprendre les
understanding plant traits.
caractéristiques des plantes.

Automated Machinerie Automated machinery La machinerie automatisée

machinery automatisée increases efficiency on farms. augmente l'efficacité des
fermes.

Les capteurs de sol

Soil sensors provide real-time fournissent des données en
Soil sensors Capteurs de sol
data on soil conditions. temps réel sur les conditions
du sol.

Remote sensing is used for La télédétection est utilisée

Remote sensing Télédétection large-scale agricultural pour la surveillance agricole
monitoring. à grande échelle.

L'agriculture verticale
Agriculture Vertical farming maximizes maximise l'utilisation de
Vertical farming
verticale space usage in urban areas. l'espace dans les zones
urbaines.

La robotique automatise les

Robotics automate labor-
Robotics Robotique tâches nécessitant
intensive tasks.
beaucoup de main-d'œuvre.

L'analyse des données

Analyse des Data analytics improves
Data analytics améliore la prise de décision
données decision-making in agriculture.
en agriculture.

Les appareils IoT

IoT devices connect various
Internet des connectent divers
IoT farm equipment for better
objets équipements de ferme pour
management.
une meilleure gestion.

Blockchain ensures La blockchain assure la

Blockchain Blockchain transparency in the supply transparence dans la chaîne
chain. d'approvisionnement.

Typical expressions of the agricultural sector

French Translation of the
English word Example of use
translation example

To plow the Labourer les The farmer plows the fields in L'agriculteur laboure les
fields champs spring. champs au printemps.

Semer des They sow seeds after the last Ils sèment des graines
To sow seeds
graines frost. après la dernière gelée.

Traduction
Mot anglais Exemple d'utilisation Traduction de l'exemple
française
To plow the Labourer les The farmer plows the fields in L'agriculteur laboure les
fields champs spring. champs au printemps.

Semer des They sow seeds after the last Ils sèment des graines
To sow seeds
graines frost. après la dernière gelée.

La famille se réunit pour

To harvest the Récolter les The family gathers to harvest the
récolter les cultures à
crops cultures crops in the fall.
l'automne.

To cultivate the It is important to cultivate the land Il est important de cultiver

Cultiver la terre
land properly. la terre correctement.

To raise Ils élèvent du bétail sur leur

Élever du bétail They raise livestock on their farm.
livestock ferme.

Le système est utilisé pour

To irrigate the Irriguer les The system is used to irrigate the
irriguer les champs
fields champs fields efficiently.
efficacement.

To fertilize the Fertilizing the soil ensures better Fertiliser le sol assure de
Fertiliser le sol
soil crop yields. meilleurs rendements.

To weed the Désherber le She weeds the garden every Elle désherbe le jardin
garden jardin week. chaque semaine.

To prune the Ils taillent les arbres en

Tailler les arbres They prune the trees in winter.
trees hiver.

Faire paître le They graze cattle on the open Ils font paître le bétail dans
To graze cattle
bétail fields. les champs ouverts.

Specialized expressions

Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

La rotation des cultures

Rotation des Crop rotation helps prevent
Crop rotation aide à prévenir
cultures soil depletion.
l'épuisement des sols.

L'agriculture biologique
Agriculture Organic farming uses natural
Organic farming utilise des méthodes
biologique methods to grow crops.
naturelles pour cultiver.

Sustainable agriculture aims L'agriculture durable vise

Sustainable
Agriculture durable to maintain the health of the à maintenir la santé des
agriculture
land. terres.
 Precision farming uses L'agriculture de précision
Agriculture de
Precision farming technology to improve utilise la technologie pour
precision
efficiency. améliorer l'efficacité.

Une lutte efficace contre

Lutte contre les Effective pest control is les ravageurs est
Pest control
ravageurs essential for crop protection. essentielle pour la
protection des cultures.

L'érosion des sols peut

Soil erosion can lead to loss
Soil erosion Érosion des sols entraîner une perte de
of fertile land.
terres fertiles.

Integrated pest management La gestion intégrée des

Integrated pest Gestion intégrée
reduces the need for ravageurs réduit le
management des ravageurs
pesticides. besoin de pesticides.

La culture hydroponique
Hydroponic Culture Hydroponic farming allows for
permet de cultiver sans
farming hydroponique growing without soil.
sol.

Les pratiques
Agroforestry practices
Agroforestry Pratiques agroforestières
combine agriculture and
practices agroforestières combinent l'agriculture et
forestry.
la foresterie.

Le travail du sol de
Conservation Travail du sol de Conservation tillage helps conservation aide à
tillage conservation maintain soil structure. maintenir la structure du
sol.

Expressions relating to cultures

Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

The yield per acre has Le rendement par acre a

Yield per acre Rendement par acre increased due to better augmenté grâce à de
techniques. meilleures techniques.

Les cultures
Cultures
Genetically Genetically modified crops génétiquement modifiées
génétiquement
modified crops are designed to resist pests. sont conçues pour
modifies
résister aux ravageurs.

Le coton est une culture

Cotton is a major cash crop
Cash crop Culture de rente de rente majeure dans la
in the region.
région.
 Les cultures de
Cover crops protect the soil
Cover crop Culture de couverture couverture protègent le
during the off-season.
sol pendant l'intersaison.

Le maïs et le soja sont

Corn and soybeans are
Row crops Cultures en rangs des exemples de cultures
examples of row crops.
en rangs.

Les cultures pérennes

Perennial crops do not need
Perennial crops Cultures pérennes n'ont pas besoin d'être
to be replanted every year.
replantées chaque année.

La terre arable est

Arable land is essential for
Arable land Terre arable essentielle pour la
crop production.
production de cultures.

Les techniques de culture

Advanced cultivation
Cultivation Techniques de avancées peuvent
techniques can increase
techniques culture augmenter les
yields.
rendements.

L'engrais vert améliore la

Green manure improves soil
Green manure Engrais vert fertilité du sol
fertility naturally.
naturellement.

La diversité des cultures

Crop diversity helps protect aide à protéger contre les
Crop diversity Diversité des cultures
against pests and diseases. ravageurs et les
maladies.

Expressions relating to breeding

French Translation of the

English word Example of use
translation example

La ferme a investi dans

Bétail The farm invested in high-quality
Breeding stock du bétail reproducteur
reproducteur breeding stock.
de haute qualité.

L'élevage laitier
Dairy farming requires careful
Dairy farming Élevage laitier nécessite une gestion
management of cows.
soigneuse des vaches.

Le bétail en liberté peut

Free-range Free-range livestock are allowed
Bétail en liberté se promener et paître
livestock to roam and graze freely.
librement.

Intensive livestock Élevage intensif Intensive livestock farming aims to L'élevage intensif vise à
farming maximize production. maximiser la production.

L'élevage des animaux

Élevage des Animal husbandry includes the comprend la
Animal husbandry
animaux breeding and care of livestock. reproduction et les soins
du bétail.

Le régime alimentaire
Régime The feeding regimen is crucial for
Feeding regimen est crucial pour la santé
alimentaire the health of the animals.
des animaux.

Une bonne gestion des

Grazing Gestion des Proper grazing management
pâturages assure des
management pâturages ensures sustainable pastures.
pâturages durables.

Les soins vétérinaires

Soins Veterinary care is essential for
Veterinary care sont essentiels pour la
vétérinaires livestock health.
santé du bétail.

Le bien-être du bétail
Bien-être du Livestock welfare is a priority on
Livestock welfare est une priorité à la
bétail the farm.
ferme.

Surveiller la santé du
Santé du Monitoring herd health helps
Herd health troupeau aide à prévenir
troupeau prevent disease outbreaks.
les épidémies.

Expressions relating to the environment and sustainability

Translation of the
English word French translation Example of use
example

Réduire l'empreinte
Reducing the carbon footprint
Carbon footprint Empreinte carbone carbone est important
is important for sustainability.
pour la durabilité.

La ferme utilise des

Renewable Ressources The farm uses renewable ressources
resources renouvelables resources for energy. renouvelables pour
l'énergie.

La conservation de la
Biodiversity Conservation de la Biodiversity conservation biodiversité assure la
conservation biodiversité ensures ecosystem health. santé des
écosystèmes.

Eco-friendly Eco-friendly practices reduce Les pratiques

Pratiques écologiques
practices environmental impact. écologiques réduisent
 l'impact
environnemental.

Une bonne gestion

Proper natural resource des ressources
Natural resource Gestion des
management is essential for naturelles est
management ressources naturelles
sustainability. essentielle pour la
durabilité.

Les techniques de
Water Water conservation conservation de l'eau
Conservation de l'eau
conservation techniques help save water. aident à économiser
l'eau.

Les pratiques durables

Sustainable practices are
Sustainable sont nécessaires pour
Pratiques durables necessary for long-term
practices la viabilité à long
viability.
terme.

La gestion
Environmental stewardship environnementale
Environmental Gestion
promotes the protection of promeut la protection
stewardship environnementale
natural resources. des ressources
naturelles.

Renforcer la résilience
Building climate resilience climatique aide les
Climate resilience Résilience climatique helps farmers adapt to agriculteurs à
changes. s'adapter aux
changements.

Maintaining soil health is Maintenir la santé des

Soil health Santé des sols crucial for agricultural sols est crucial pour la
productivity. productivité agricole.
Expressions relating to marketing and market

English word French translation Example of use Translation of the example

La demande du marché
Market Market demand for organic
Demande du marché pour les produits biologiques
demand produce is rising.
augmente.

La chaîne
Chaîne The supply chain needs to
Supply chain d'approvisionnement doit
d'approvisionnement be efficient and reliable.
être efficace et fiable.

Le commerce équitable
Fair trade ensures fair assure des salaires
Fair trade Commerce equitable
wages for farmers. équitables pour les
agriculteurs.

They purchase their

Wholesale Ils achètent leurs produits
Marché de gros produce from the wholesale
market au marché de gros.
market.

La vente directe permet aux

Direct marketing allows
Direct agriculteurs de vendre
Vente directe farmers to sell directly to
marketing directement aux
consumers.
consommateurs.

Les produits à valeur

Value-added products
Value-added Produits à valeur ajoutée comprennent des
include items like jams and
products ajoutée articles comme les
sauces.
confitures et les sauces.

Les subventions agricoles

Agricultural Agricultural subsidies help aident à soutenir
Subventions agricoles
subsidies support farmers financially. financièrement les
agriculteurs.

Les prix des matières

Commodity prices can
Commodity Prix des matières premières peuvent fluctuer
fluctuate based on supply
prices premières en fonction de l'offre et de la
and demand.
demande.

Farm-to-table restaurants Les restaurants de la ferme

Farm-to-table De la ferme à la table emphasize locally sourced à la table mettent l'accent
ingredients. sur les ingrédients locaux.

Organic certification La certification biologique

Organic
Certification biologique requires strict adherence to nécessite une stricte
certification
standards. adhérence aux normes.
 Bibliography
Murvatova, Sariyya. "SMART AGRICULTURE: THE FUTURE OF THE
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR." Annali d'Italia 62 (December 24, 2024): 5–10.
[Link]

Dr CR Mehta. "Agricultural Engineers and Indian Agriculture." Agricultural

Engineering Today 49, no. 2 (2025): 31–33.
[Link]

van Eekelen, Willem. "Agricultural production practice." In Rural Development

in Practice. Routledge, 2020. [Link]

Mandzhieva, A. N., O. SH Kedeeva, and O. S. Sangadzhieva. Agricultural

production. Part 1. Production of crop products. OFERNIO, 2023.
[Link]