REVIEWER IN ART APPRECIATION

STRUCTURE OF ART creating records of a specific time, place,

LESSON 1 : UNDERSTANDING ART person or object; and expressing and
communicating ideas .Art is inspiring and
ETYMOLOGY
stimulating for the human mind.”
●​ French word ‘Art’ which means skill as a ART IS PURPOSIVE
result of learning or practice.
●​ Latin word ‘Ars’ which ability or practical ●​ Kant defines art as “a kind of representation
skills. that is purposive in itself and, though without
an end, nevertheless promotes the
DEFINITION/MEANING OF ART
cultivation of the mental powers for sociable
●​ Art is a product of man’s inventiveness and communication.”
creativity ART AS CREATIVE IMAGINATION
●​ According to Susanne Lander, Art molds our
actual life of feelings, by giving form to the ●​ According to Jaylen H. LLI Akron ‘Art is
world, it articulates human nature, sensitivity, concerned with sensuous medium such as
energy, passion and mortality the mind, senses which arousing inner
●​ Art is generally understood as any activity or emotions’.
product done by people with a ART IS EVERYWHERE
communicative or aesthetic purpose.
●​ Brandon Boyd once quoted that “art is
ART IS AN EXPRESSION
everywhere”.
●​ Albert Einstein says “Art is the expression of ART IS ART
the profoundest thoughts in the simplest
way.” ●​ Ad Reinhardt (1913 – 1967) the viewer's
active engagement in the act of looking at
ART IS A FORM OF COMMUNICATION
and experiencing “art as art. ”As he
●​ Historian Adam Lauder says “Art is able to declared and everything else is everything
capture and communicate nuances, else.”
paradoxes, unresolved or unresolvable SCOPE, LIMITATION, USES & FUNCTION OF ART
tensions, and ambiguities that exceed
ordinary communication,” says

ART AS CREATION SCOPE

●​ Aristotle defines art as “the realization of a ●​ A visual object, experience, systems,

true idea in physical form”. There are methods and processes consciously created
countless but some of the reasons are through an expression of skill or imagination.
making our surroundings more beautiful;
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●​ See our social situation in ways which had

LIMITATIONS
not previously been apparent.
●​ Everything has boundaries, even art. At any 3)​ PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF ART
given time artistic experience is somehow
limited. There are many different boundaries Art is not a pastime or a leisurely activity. Some
in art: boundaries of style, material important aspects are:
boundaries, cognitive boundaries, aesthetic ●​ self identity
boundaries and so on. ●​ actualization of self
●​ How about “alternative solutions”? ●​ Remembering
●​ So, is Art “limitless”? ●​ Hope
●​ avoiding sorrow
USES & FUNCTION OF ART
●​ Rebalancing
●​ Art plays an important function in the ●​ Self- understanding
society. There is difficulty in quantifying the ●​ Growth
functions of arts in the history of human ●​ appreciation
being because almost all creations of man 4)​ PHYSICAL FUNCTIONS OF ART
had its own unique purpose or function.
The following are some of the significant areas in Usually relates to items that can be used for a
society where art is playing important functions: practical purpose because of their physical
structure, despite their artistic appeal. Examples
1)​ PERSONAL OR INDIVIDUAL FUNCTION
are:
●​ Regardless of how social we think we are ●​ furniture and equipment
and how dependent we are on others, we ●​ leisure park development
have a private and separate understanding ●​ gadgets and appliances
of ourselves. We think of ourselves as unique, ●​ Architecture and related fields of design
different, exceptional in some ways, as if we ●​ and etc..
have thoughts unique only to us and no one 5)​ HISTORICAL FUNCTIONS OF ART
else.
●​ Understand our human past and its
2)​ SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF ART
relationship to our present. Recording and
Many works of art are deliberately designed to documentation
influence group thinking like: ●​ Learn about this rich and fundamental
●​ Artists may try to make us laugh at the same strand of human culture.
phenomena. ●​ Learn to talk and write about works of art
●​ Accept economic, religious, or social from different periods and places.
ideologies.
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●​ Manufacturing
6)​ CULTURAL FUNCTIONS OF ART
●​ Entertainment
●​ Art influences society by changing opinions, ●​ Tourism
instilling values and translating experiences ●​ engineering & technology
across space and time. It allows people ●​ computer software
from different society and different times to ●​ Construction
communicate with each other via images, ●​ etc….
sounds and stories enriching cultural worth . 10)​POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF ART
7)​ RELIGIOUS FUNCTIONS OF ART
●​ The arts and politics has a strong
●​ As a stimulus for creativity and culture, relationship, particularly between various
religion is the spiritual impulse that conjoins kinds of art and power, occurs across
humanity with divinity through spiritual historical epochs and cultures. As they
experience, ceremony, and mythology. Art respond to contemporaneous events and
and religion converge through ritual politics, the arts take on political as well as
practice and presentation of sacred social dimensions, becoming themselves a
narrative, thereby affecting "an experience focus of controversy and even a force of
of the numinous" (Otto,1923). political as well as social change.

8)​ AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS OF ART PHILOSOPHIES OF ART

Three crucial characteristics of aesthetic

experience: THE INTERSECTION OF ART AND HUMAN
●​ fascination with an aesthetic object (high CONDITION
arousal and attention),
●​ appraisal of the symbolic reality of an object ●​ Art has been a fundamental expression of
(high cognitive engagement), and a the human experience throughout history.
●​ strong feeling of unity with the object of From cave paintings to modern installations,
aesthetic fascination and aesthetic art reflects the human condition in a variety
appraisal of ways.
●​ The human condition refers to the
9)​ INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY FUNCTIONS OF
ART characteristics, events, and situations that
define human existence. It encompasses
Arts and Design can be classified as a creative the struggles and triumphs, joys and sorrows,
industry. Every industry no matter what its type can and everything in between
play a role in the economic growth. ●​ Art provides a powerful lens through which
●​ advertising to explore the human condition. It allows us
to express and examine our deepest
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emotions, fears, and desires. Through art, we and form. It is closely related to aesthetics, the
can confront difficult truths about ourselves philosophical study of beauty and taste.
and the world around us, and find solace in 1.​ Representation
moments of beauty and transcendence. 2.​ Interpretation

THREE ASSUMPTION OF ART INTERPRETATION

●​ Interpretation in art refers to the attribution

of meaning to a work. A point on which
1)​ ART IS UNIVERSAL people often disagree is whether the artist’s
or author’s intention is relevant to the
●​ Art immortalizes man and his marvelous
interpretation of the work.
achievements. Literature and history provide
Two Branches of Interpretation:
us with all the evidence about the
●​ Intentionalism - Concerned with the artist’s
timelessness and universal value of art and
intention.
its unique contribution to mankind.
●​ Anti-intentionalism - Rejecting the relevance
2)​ ART IS NOT NATURE of the artist’s intention.

REPRESENTATION
●​ It is a self assumption that art is not nature
simply because the natural things around us
●​ It’s a type of description or portrayal of the
as we believe created by God is a work of
artist in the artwork in which revolve around
art. Though man’s art may get from the
creating visceral, intimate worlds that reach
nature or environment for inspirations, man
far beyond mere reproduction of the
most of the time deal with the art using his
subjects in the physical world.
own ability and skills to create one.
Three Types of Representation:
3)​ ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE 1.​ Realism - Sometimes called naturalism, in
the arts is generally the attempt to represent
●​ All art involves experience. Experience is the subject matter truthfully.
actual doing of something. The perfection 2.​ Impressionism - Impressionist art were NOT
of art appreciation will never be possible trying to paint a reflection of real life, but an
without experiencing art. All art requires 'impression' of what the person, light,
experience. atmosphere, object or landscape looked
PHILOSOPHY IN ART like to them.
3.​ Abstraction – Art that does NOT attempt to
●​ Philosophy in art is the study of concepts represent an accurate depiction of a visual
and nature of arts such as: interpretation, reality but instead use shapes, colors, forms
representation and expression, and gestural marks to achieve its effect.
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AESTHETIC THEORY

●​ Aestheticism was a late 19th century

European theory based on the idea that art
exists for the sake of its beauty alone. Good
judgements in aesthetics are grounded in
features of artworks themselves, not just in us
and our preferences.

AESTHETIC QUALITIES

●​ Aesthetic qualities are the qualities of an

artwork that speak to the overall feeling or
mood of the artwork. It’s when art elements
and principles come together to create a
sense of beauty, harmony and feel in the
artwork.

AESTHETIC THEORIES OF ART

●​ Aesthetic perception according to form,

interpretation, and context of an artwork.

Portrait of Ambroise Vollard is an oil - on - canvas

painting by Pablo Picasso, 1910
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LESSON 2: THE ART PROCESSES products or outcomes. Both are also

innovative in their use of imagination
ARTIST
powered by creativity. Both artists and
●​ Artist is anyone capable of conceptualizing artisans are also seen a legitimate inventors,
an emotion, idea, or moment, or of more creators and composers in their own right.
value, someone who can express DIFFERENCES OF ARTIST & ARTISAN
themselves using their imagination. A person
who creates art like painting, sculpture, ●​ Artists and artisans obvious and sometimes
music, writing and etc delicate differences or subtle distinctions lies
●​ Artists are dedicated solely to creative work in the quality or artistic achievement
meant for appreciation, while artisans together with function.
produce both functional and decorative
DESIRE TO CREATE OF AN ARTIST
objects. Key differences include artists
focusing on aesthetic value while artisans ●​ The artist creates because of desire. His
emphasize functional value. artifact exists purely to excite the

ARTISAN imagination, stimulate the senses of both

creator and patrons. Though the artwork or
●​ A worker in a skilled trade, especially one product could be classified as “useless” but
that involves making things partly or entirely this doesn’t mean in a negative sense. It
by hand and according to Merriam-Webster simply means that they do not have a
it is a worker who practices a trade or “purposeful function” other than in the
handicraft, a craftsperson hence a skilled beauty itself.
artisan. An artisan has both the creativity
DESIRE TO CREATE OF AN ARTISAN
and the skill to make a useful functional and
decorative product that includes skilled ●​ Artisans, on the other hand, create objects,
artists, performers, technicians, builders and not only of beauty, but of purpose. They
much more. produce items that are useful or functional
●​ Artisans are necessary for economic growth that usually includes a touch of beauty
around the world. Today, it is no longer making it an extra artistic touch.
unusual to find women entering artisan fields
such as welding, boiler making, building,
carpentry and more.

SIMILARITIES OF ARTIST & ARTISAN

●​ In both worlds artists and artisans is

described as the performer or creator of
tangible or intangible quality or artistic
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ELEMENTS OF ART VALUE

●​ The structure of an artwork refers to the ●​ The light or dark quality of a color. When
composition of finished artwork assembled black is added to a color the value of that
in harmony by necessary elements based color is darkened. When white is added to a
on artist’s critical taste, planning, and color the value is lightened or tinted. Value
decision making to create thereby a is best seen in black and white
composition of a master piece. photography.
○​ Line VARIANCE IN VALUE:
○​ Shape ●​ Chiaroscuro – balance of light and shadow.
○​ Form ●​ Sfumato – gradual blending of light and
○​ Value shadow.
○​ Color ●​ Caravaggio – heavy shadow against light.
○​ Space
COLOR
○​ Texture
○​ Time & Motion ●​ Often one of the most exciting elements in

LINE art. In both figurative and abstract painting,

color can be used for its decorative beauty,
●​ Line can be vertical, diagonal, horizontal, to create mood and to express or arouse an
and even curved. It can be and width, size, emotion. In nature and in art, color has a
shape, position, direction, interval, or profound effect on the viewer.
density. CHARACTERISTIC OF COLORS:
●​ Hue – the color itself.
SHAPE
●​ Value – dark or light quality of color.
●​ if a line were to curve around and ●​ Intensity – brightness or saturation of color
eventually cross itself, the enclosed area is BASIC CATEGORIES OF COLORS:
called a shape. Shapes can either be in 1.​ Primary – yellow, red, and blue.
irregular or regular geometric form. 2.​ Secondary – mixture of two primary colors
makes orange, purple, and green.
FORM
3.​ Intermediate – mixture of one primary and

●​ connotes something that is three - secondary color makes blue-green,

dimensional having length, width, and yellow-green, yellow-orange, red-orange,

height. A form can be geometric or organic red-violet, and blue violet.

and is also used to describe the physical

nature of the artwork not only in paintings
but in architecture and sculpture as well.
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●​ Unity
SPACE
●​ Emphasis
●​ refers to the distance or area between, ●​ Contrast
around, above, below, or within things. ●​ Pattern
Negative space in a painting is any volume ●​ Movement and
or air that is not occupied by a solid form, ●​ Rhythm
positive space is any space in a painting BALANCE
that is filled with something, such as lines,
colors, shapes or designs. ●​ In design covers how the visual weight of
PICTURE PLANE WITHIN THE SPACE: elements are balanced with each other on
●​ Foreground – nearest to the viewer both sides of a design to create
●​ Middle ground – layer next to foreground cohesiveness, completion, and satisfaction.
●​ Background – layer after the middle ground To achieve optimal balance, your
composition should be balanced vertically,
TEXTURE
horizontally, diagonally, or background
●​ it describes the feel of surfaces like smooth, versus foreground.
rough, soft, hard, cold, warm, etc. For UNITY
example the optical sensation of the
surface of the wood and how it feels even ●​ Is the principle of design that unifies all other
without touching it. principles within a piece of work, allowing
each individual element to coexist with one
TIME & MOTION
another to form an aesthetically pleasing
●​ Is employed in both static and in time-based design
mediums and can show a direct action or EMPHASIS
the intended path for the viewer's eye to
follow through a piece. Techniques such as ●​ Strategy that aims to draw the viewer's
scale and proportion are used to create the attention to a specific design element. That
feeling of motion or the passing of time in could be to an area of content, to an
static visual artwork. event, to an image, to a link, or to a button,
etc. The aim is to create a focal point in the
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
design, an eye-catching part that stands
When you look at a piece of art work, the first thing out, distinct from the rest of the design
you will notice is the composition of the master elements.
piece. The principles of design is an artistic
arrangement of the desired composition
according to the following:
●​ Balance
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CONTRAST CREATIVITY IN ART

●​ Refers to the arrangement of opposite ●​ Art and creativity are two different
elements and effects. For example, light concepts. Yes, they are correlated, but one
and dark colors, smoot and rough textures, does not imply the other at least, not
large and small shapes. Contrast can be automatically, or one is less than the other in
used to create variety, visual interest, and value.
drama in an artwork. ●​ The skill of being creative develops curiosity
and, along with it, brings new opportunities
PATTERN
forward.
●​ Can have multiple meanings and elements ●​ Being creative means seeking ways to
in design. Repetition focuses on the same change the normal and think out of the box.
object being repeated. Patterns are made Linking creativity with persistence can result
up from different components which are in art, which is the result of creativity and
then repeated in the same way throughout constant effort combined.
the design. ●​ Motivation has to be another element in the
process of creation for art to result.
MOVEMENT
●​ There cannot be art without creativity, but

●​ Movement is the path the viewer's eye takes creativity can exist without art.

through the work of art, often to focal areas. CREATIVITY

Such movement can be directed along
lines, edges, shape, and color within the ●​ Creativity by means of envisioning ideas is
work of art. The main goal is for the artist is to likely a choice between to create a new
direct the viewers eye movement through one and or recreate and improve the
an entire piece to rest on the focus of present ideas.
interest. HOW TO BE CREATIVE ARTIST?
RHYTHM
1.​ Opened to play.
●​ Suggests movement or action. Rhythm is 2.​ Artist’s emotion.
usually achieved through repetition of lines, 3.​ A constant desire to create.
shapes, colors, and more. It creates a visual OPENED TO PLAY
tempo in artworks and provides a path for
the viewer's eye to follow. Rhythms help to ●​ Artists will be the explorer who never stops.
guide the viewer's eye around a piece They will not be taken back by previous
rather than allowing the eye to settle on a discoveries or preconceived notions.
particular focal point. Creative artists will succeed because they
are continuously open to new possibilities,
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won’t see failure as a drawback but rather

INCUBATING SELECTED IDEAS
as a means of achieving greatness by
becoming aware of what could improve. ●​ This is time to brainstorm ideas and see what

ARTIST’S EMOTION you want to create. What are the best ideas
you came up with, and why do you think
●​ We all know that artists, whether self-taught that they are good? But most importantly,
or otherwise, are creative, emotional, and how will you act on them?
often sensitive people. Most creative
IMPLEMENTING CHOSEN IDEAS
individuals share in common with the artist’s
success and it depends on the degree to ●​ This is the time for the nitty gritty of
which they develops these traits. production, the actual making, everything

A CONSTANT DESIRE TO CREATE between production and creating the final

master copy or outputs.
●​ A creative people are constantly engaging
THE CREATIVE PROCESS
in creatin something new. They don’t wait
for something to happen or for the - right - Energetic
moment to pass by. They are creating -​ creative people are energetic physically
circumstances for the creation and, and mentally utilizing it to conceptualize
therefore, increase their chances of success ideas.
in whichever they are doing. Intelligent

THE CREATIVE PROCESS -​ creative people are intelligent. Though high

level of IQ is a plus, most people are
●​ STEP 1: Preparing for creation intelligent enough in creative thinking and
●​ STEP 2: Incubating selected ideas smart to create new ideas.
●​ STEP 3: Implementing social ideas Disciplined
-​ creativity happens unexpectedly, so
PREPARING FOR CREATION
whenever an artist is under any
●​ This does not mean waiting for the right time circumstances, he or she is ready to
to come to take action instead preparing somehow make a note or record the ideas
yourself for a long ride and understand in anyway possible.
where your motivation comes from. It means
that you are taking in the arguments for
which you are starting the process and what
benefits this creative process will bring to
you.
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LESSON 3: PHYSICAL AND NONPHYSICAL 4.​ Empathy: This is a capacity that human
CONSTRUCT OF ART beings have to mentally detach from
ourselves and experience what another
IMAGINATION IN ART
person is experiencing from their point of
●​ “Imagination is more important than view. It allows us to take an imaginative stroll
knowledge.“ - Einstein in someone else’s shoes.
●​ Visualizing the unseen or impossible things 5.​ Strategic Imagination: It’s the ability to spot
or envisioning ideas that are not present in opportunities and visualize what might
reality or wanting it to happen or exist. happen if you were to take them. People
●​ Imagination is associated with creativity who have an excellent strategic
since it is through imagination where ideas, imagination will have a realistic
feelings or images are initially put together in understanding of their own skills, and be
the artist’s mind. able to spot opportunities to develop.
6.​ Emotional Imagination: The artists has to
●​ The imagination of the artist/creator may be know how to create or project fear, how to
in the for of imaging or picturing, feeling, or create sadness, laughter and how the
thinking what the work of art will become. artist’s possess the ability to play on those
The artists may also use their imagination on emotions to generate form and structure
the possible alternatives to what they have that plays into this facet of audience’s
finished at every step of the process. mindsets.
7.​ Dreams: These are an unconscious form of
8 SUBSEQUENT IMAGINATION IN ART
imagination that we do when we’re asleep.

1.​ Effectuated Imagination: It allows the artists Scientists are still deciding what these crazy

to synthesize existing ideas together from little night visions are all about, but for those

existing information. of us that dream, it can be a fun and

2.​ Intellectual or Constructive Imagination: The sometimes scary way to access our

artist is able to work from an existing plan or imagination interpret them in an art form.

a definite idea and is guided towards a 8.​ Memory Reconstruction – When we retrieve

distinct purpose. Intellectual imagination is a our memories of people, objects and events

very conscious and deliberate process. we use our imagination to regenerate the

3.​ Imaginative Fantasy: This is when you’re images. Memories are subconscious stored

able to generate new ideas from scratch bits of information dragged into our

and can be guided or unguided. This is what conscious brain and our imagination often

most writers and artists are good at. We fills the gaps where memory hasn’t been

usually have a moment of inspiration and go curated properly.

off to explore wherever the fantasy may

take us.
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feelings, ideas, and arguments to an

EXPRESSION IN ART
audience besides words. Also, it asks
●​ individual expression of art, it reflects the viewers to relate symbols and other
artist’s personal thoughts, ideas, style and abstract connections together to
feelings interpret a meaning from imagery.

6 AREAS OF EXPRESSION 4.​ EXPRESSION OF CHARACTER

●​ Art is an expression made visible by a form ●​ Nature of things.

or nonphysical structure. Art as a piece is an ○​ Any moral message in the work
expression of the artist and the artist is an should not, therefore, affect the
expresser to convey ideas or create overall value of the artwork in its
meaning. aesthetics quality, either positively or
negatively. Artist’s and patrons of the
1.​ EXPRESSION OF LIFE
arts also want to protect their
creation from censorship. If an
●​ Human experience
artwork is judged only on the basis of
○​ Art can be used as a way to connect
its aesthetic qualities, it should not be
with ourselves and the audience.
condemned for its moral message
Expression hold its power and ability
to inspire, create joy, and provoke 5.​ EXPRESSION OF BELIEFS AND IDEAS
thought. Art is an expression of the
human experience, and its value lies ●​ Philosophical Interpretation.
in its ability to bring people together ○​ In many cultures, art is used in
and to evoke emotion. religion, spiritual or magical rituals,
performances and dances as a
2.​ EXPRESSION OF MIND
decoration or symbol of a god or
other divine quality. Anthropologists
●​ Reflection of Thoughts
however knows that this expression
○​ Art is an expression of our thoughts,
often serve a purpose at the level of
emotions, intuitions, and desires, but it
meaning within a particular culture or
is even more personal than that: it's
social norms.
about sharing the way we
experience the world, which for 6.​ EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS
many is an extension of personality.
●​ Natural release or reactions.
3.​ COMMUNICATION
○​ Expression of feelings often defined
as a showing of emotion that come
●​ Interpreting Imagery
from the inner world. Expression is the
○​ Art teaches communication by
natural or intentional reaction in
providing another way of portraying
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which emotional processes are made

LANDSCAPE
and reflected as a concrete
phenomenon. ●​ Strictly referring to land and water sceneries

METHODS OF PRESENTING IDEAS and forms. Seascape and cityscape is also

an acceptable term in specifying particular
In general, subject may be thought of as the sceneries.
‘what’ in a piece of art such as the topic, focus, EXAMPLE: ‘The Bridge at Narni’ is an 1826 painting
and image. The most common subjects of art of the Ponte d'Augusto at Narni by French artist
include: Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot.
1.​ Portraiture
FLORA AND FAUNA
2.​ Still-life
3.​ Landscape ●​ All about visual art with subjects related to
4.​ Flora and Fauna animals or nature like flowers etc..
5.​ Countrylife EXAMPLE: ‘The Morning in a Pine Forest’ is a
6.​ Religious painting by Russian artists Ivan Shishkin and
7.​ Mythological Konstanti Savitsky, 1889
8.​ Abstraction
COUNTRYLIFE
In that selection, abstraction is categorized as non-
objective art or non-representational art while the ●​ artworks representing daily life activities.
rest is categorized as objective art or EXAMPLE: ‘The Fall of Icarus’ portraying life by
representational art. theriver and abundant land to farm by Pieter
PORTRAITURE Bruegel, 1560

RELIGIOUS
●​ Specifically referring to depiction of human
male and female. ●​ It represents events objects and persons
EXAMPLE: ‘Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and related to religious beliefs and practices.
Hummingbird’ is a 1940 painting by Mexican EXAMPLE: ‘The Transfiguration’ is the last painting
painter Frida Kahlo. by the Italian High Renaissance master Raphael.
STILL-LIFE 1516

MYTHOLOGICAL
●​ It represents a piece that features an
arrangement of inanimate objects as its ●​ It represents supernatural events or fantasy
subject. depiction of people, places and objects.
EXAMPLE: ‘Still Life with a Turkey Pie’ is a 1627 EXAMPLE: Greek sculpture of Ocean god, named ‘
painting by the Dutch painter Pieter Claesz Marforio ’ or Marphurius’, located in Rome, Italy.
Classic mythology in art.
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watercolors is one fun art medium in making

art.
ABSTRACTION
PASTELS
●​ Art that has no real subjects or
representation is an abstract, a total ●​ Chalk pastels are great for creating textures,
departure from reality. blending colors, and layering. This medium
EXAMPLE: White Center (Yellow, Pink and Lavender in art is known as luminous and tender. The
on Rose) is an abstract painting by Mark Rothko powder used for pastel pencils and chalks is
completed in 1950. a pigment itself, that is why the colors are
deep, and the effect is stunning.
MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES OF ART
INK

●​ Is a convenient and affordable art medium.

MEDIUM
It comes in the form of a graphic, fountain,
●​ Refers to the art materials and tools and drawing, reed, and drafting pens or simply
other supplies ballpoint pens. Ink goes as paint in small
●​ Medium in art is the material that artists use bottles [Link] can be used for drawing as
to create their art. One piece of art can be well as calligraphy handwriting.
made of one medium or could be made by PENCILS
several media if several medium is applied
to it. The more you know about the ●​ Colored pencils are not for kids alone. There
properties of various mediums, the wider is no such thing as a ‘childish’ medium
your artistic horizons are. because everything depends on how you
use it. Pencil artwork has deep, and
TECHNIQUES
luminescent effect aside from it is
●​ Refers to how the desired materials are used convenient to use and affordable art
or applied to make an art piece. medium.

COMMON MEDIUMS IN MAKING AN ART MIXED MEDIA

●​ The incorporation of two or all media of your

choice together in a unique way. This
WATERCOLORS
technique is enjoyable because it allows

●​ They are unpredictable. It is hard to change you to experiment and can take numerous

the way it is going to disperse once it is forms, and there are no limits for your

applied on the paper. Once you master the imagination to explore.

skill and the courage, you will realize that

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THEMES AND FOCAL POINT

TECHNIQUES
●​ The subject matter is what the work is
●​ Style, your look, whatever you want to call it actually "about", while the theme defines
is as individual as your signature and your art the "story" behind a work in a particular
skill should be your identity. Learning the genre or style, or with a particular motif or
fundamentals is simple to do, but like all art, look. Examples are as follows:
they require a lot of practice to master. 1.​ Identity
2.​ Power
DRAWING
3.​ Stories/Historical
●​ One of the most basic ways to exercise your 4.​ Science/Knowledge
creativity in executing technique. Whether 5.​ Place, object, people
you’re using a pencil, pen, crayon, or even 6.​ Religion
your fingers, the skills you gain from the 7.​ Life and Death
activity translate to a bevy of different 8.​ Memory
media. But once you do, you’ll have the 9.​ Social Experiences
ability create images you’re truly proud of. 10.​Conflict / Adversity

FOCAL POINT
❖​ NOTE!​
To learn how to handle a particular medium ●​ A “focal point” is that area of a picture that
takes a few hours of practice. One needs to attracts the eye. The center of interest acts
open their mind, heart, and emotions to feel as an “attention getter.” It commands the
what is right. Let intuition take over, to listen viewer's curiosity or mental concentration,
to their gut, let your hand and fingers do the and it's the part of the picture that we find
work and surprisingly, technique will come naturally fascinating and want to know
out naturally. more about.
MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES OF ART 5 COMMON FOCAL POINT:
1.​ Unusual
●​ Mediums and technique are essentials in 2.​ Contrast
creating art. During and every after artwork 3.​ Placement
is done, you will surprisingly realize these 4.​ Isolation
three level of measurement in evaluating 5.​ Convergence
your own improvements:
1.​ Genuineness
2.​ Aesthetic quality
3.​ Mastery of skill
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LESSON 4: THE ART’S MEDIA objects for example symbolizes

freedom or serves as a landmark for
VISUAL ARTS
the city of Dasmariñas.
●​ Visual Arts are arts that meet the eye and ARTISTIC EXPRESSION
evoke an emotion through an expression of
skill and imagination. They include the most ●​ Art created for Artistic Expression focuses on
ancient forms, such as painting and the artist most of all self-expression of his/her
drawing, and the arts that were born thanks personal, internal emotions, experiences or
to the development of technology, like ideas.
sculpture, architecture, printmaking, ●​ This type of art is called "The feelings Masters
photography, film making and installation of Augusta" - Rick Rush, 1997.
art. ●​ This may include abstract expression or
nonobjective art.
CREATING VISUAL ART
NARRATIVE ART
●​ In general, there are five "stages" in the
creative process but not necessarily present ●​ Narrative Art tells stories making statements.
in every output neither in a certain order Some communities commissioned narrative
whenever applied in one project. murals for buildings (wide walls for example)
These five stages are as follows: (IMPPCR) to depict local historical or other
○​ Inspiration documental narratives.
○​ Percolation
FUNCTIONAL ART
○​ Preparation
○​ Creation ●​ Functional Art Functional art seeks to
○​ Reflections beautify objects that are useful in everyday

5 PURPOSE OF VISUAL ART life. Many of the objects we use - including

pottery, quilts, baskets, furniture serve useful
purpose) but are also designed or Southwest
Indian Pottery decorated in a way that is
CEREMONIAL
artistically pleasing.
●​ Ceremonial art is made to commemorate or PERSUASIVE ART
celebrate something important in the culture
in ritual or worship or in personal life. ●​ Persuasive Artworks promotes ideas,
●​ Public art that is ceremonial in nature philosophies or products also marketing,
includes statues of events or people, often Advertising, propaganda and visual images
of historical relevance. o ideology fall into this category.
○​ The People Power Monument and
other structures and sculptural
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process of engineering design and building

3 MAJOR VISUAL ART FORMS
the structure.
How Architecture Works:
●​ The art and technique of designing and
PAINTING
building, as distinguished from the skills

●​ Painting is a visual art, which is associated with construction. The practice

characterized by the practice of applying of architecture is employed to fulfill both

paint, pigment, color or other medium to a practical and expressive requirements, and

solid surface (called the "matrix", 'support' or thus it serves both utilitarian and aesthetic

'base'). ends.

●​ The medium is commonly applied to the SCULPTURE

base with a brush, but other implements,
such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, ●​ Sculpture is a form of artistic expression that
may be used. involves modelling, sculpting or carving
●​ Regardless of the style or technique used, stone, wood or other materials. Sculpture art
the primary purpose of painting is to create is considered an expression through the use
work art that communicates something of volume and space at any given materials
meaningful and important to the artist and or 'base' example wood, marble, clay and
to those who view the artwork. etc.
How Painting Works: ●​ The most common importance of sculpture
➢​ "Process painting" is making the experience is to represent many aspects of our lives and
of painting more important than the the society we belong in the form of
outcome. The goal of process painting is the symbolism.
creative act without concern for talent, Four ways to create sculpture: (CAMC)
itself, skill or accomplishment. ●​ Carving
●​ Assembling
ARCHITECTURE
●​ Modeling and

●​ Architecture is considered a visual art and is ●​ Casting.

regarded as the ultimate physical art form Three forms of sculpture:

by many. It highlights the idea that ●​ Relief,

designing a building is more than just ○​ Relief sculpture of Marnie vory of the

functional structure but it is a form of artistic Passion of Christ (1350-65)

expression. ●​ Bust

●​ Today, architecture is considered the ○​ Bust of Paulo C. Campos, Nationali

mother of all arts because it combines scientist 1921-2007

artistic and aesthetic beauty combined with ●​ Statue

scientific and mathematical precision in the

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○​ Statue of 'David’ by Michaelangelo accenting scenes or acts and transitions

1501-1504 with music to set appropriate mood.

THE AUDITORY AND PERFORMING ARTS SOUND SCORE TECHNIQUE

●​ Often taken for granted in film, but it plays a

huge role in setting the scene,
AUDITORY ART ORMS
communicating the narrative, and letting
●​ In humanities, auditory art is art that is heard you know how the characters are feeling.
at one particular time. Auditory art includes PERFORMING ARTS
languages, literature, narratives, poetry,
prayers, proverbs, and music. ●​ Present in all human culture, performing arts
Music is heard and appreciated using the is a form of creative activity that is
following: performed in front of an audience, which
○​ words, sounds, includes basically:
○​ tones, ○​ drama,
○​ pitches, volumes, ○​ music, and
○​ tempos, ○​ dance.
○​ melodies, and Other forms such as:
○​ harmonies. ●​ Spoken Poetry
●​ Just as the medium of visual art is sight, so ●​ Cinema Arts
the medium of auditory art is 'sound' unlike ●​ Performance Ars
the visual art is seen thru the finished ●​ Literary Arts
physical object.
DRAMA ARTS
●​ In Music, auditory elements involves the
organization and qualities of musical sounds ●​ Drama arts art is a form of narrative
○​ Rhythm, performed on a stage in front of an
○​ Dynamics, audience. These stories and the way they
○​ Melody, are portrayed manifest in a wide variety of
○​ harmony, styles, also known as genres. The two oldest
○​ timber, genres are tragedy and comedy and are
○​ texture. still popular theme to theater productions at

MUSIC SCORING present.

Example of a Drama Production
●​ Whether in theater, opera or in movies is the ➢​ From Lualhati Bautista's novel
core function of the whole production to Desaparesidos, a 2018 stage play
atmosphere and provide ambience, production in times of political turmoil which
took place during the 1970s.
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MUSIC MUSIC GENRES

●​ Music is a form of art that uses sound ●​ According to the popular music streaming
organized in time. Music is also a form of service 'Spotify', there are over 1,300 music
entertainment that puts sounds together in a genres in the world. A music genre is a
way that people like, find interesting or conventional category that identifies some
dance to. pieces of music as belonging to a shared
●​ Most music includes people singing with tradition or set of conventions. It is to be
their voices or playing musical instruments distinguished from 'musical form' and
like the piano, guitar, drums, violin, etc. 'musical style', although in practice these
terms are sometimes used interchangeably.
NOTATION & COMPOSITION
Top 12 Music Genres:
1.​ Blues
2.​ Classical
GUIDO D’AREZZO
3.​ Country

●​ Medieval theorist of the 11th century Arezzo 4.​ Electronic

was an Italian and pedagogue of the 5.​ International

medieval era and laid the foundations for 6.​ Jazz

music. He is regarded as the inventor of 7.​ Latin

modern staff notation that replaced the 8.​ Pop

predominate pneumatic notation and was 9.​ Rock

thus massively influential to the 10.​R&B

development of Western musical notation to 11.​Rap

this day. 12.​Reggae

Example of Music Ensemble
SEIKILOS EPITAPH
➢​ Founded in 1973, the Philippine Philharmonic
Orchestra is the resident symphony
●​ The Seikilos epitaph is the oldest surviving
orchestra Cultural Philippines.
complete musical composition, including
musical notation from the 1st or the 2nd DANCE
century CE.
●​ The song was found engraved on an ●​ Dance is the art form in which human

ancient marble column as a marker to a movement becomes the medium for

woman's gravesite in Turkey. 'I am a sensing, understanding, and

tombstone, an image,' reads an inscription. communicating ideas, feelings, and

experiences. Dance has its own content,
vocabulary, skills, and techniques, which
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must be understood and applied to be

SPOKEN WORDS
proficient in the art.

PERFORMING ARTS: CONTEMPORARY DANCE ●​ Poetry is an art that focuses, at its core, on
the words themselves. One quality of spoken
word artists is they tend to have a general
passion for vernacular and vocabulary. A
ISADORA DUNCAN (1878-1927)
quality spoken word artists tend to have is a
●​ Contemporary dance began at the start of commanding stage presence, though its
the 20th century when US dancer Isadora not always innate, its learned.
Duncan (1878 - 1927) broke away from GILBERT SCOTT-HERON
ballet and developed her own, more
natural style. Contemporary dance has ●​ An American soul and jazz poet, musician,
many different stvles, some of them closely and author, known primarily for his work as a
linked to music, such as jazz, rock and roll, spoken-word performer in the 1070s and
and hip-hop. Later on the world hailed her 1970s.. Scott-Heron's poetry collections to
as the founder and "Mother of Modern name a few include Small Talk at 125th and
Dance". ○​ Lenox: A Collection of Black Poems
(1970) and So Far, So Good (1990).
ISADORA DUNCAN (1878-1927)
CINEMA/FILM MOVIE
●​ Martha Graham May 11, 1894 - April 1, 1991
was an American modern dancer and ●​ though art cinema is often defined as an
choreographer. Her "Graham technique" is artistic or experimental work expressing
a modern dance movement style and symbolic meaning through the medium of
pedagogy she created. film. It is ambiguous, aesthetically rich, and
●​ The Graham technique has been regarded complex and is now considered as the
as the "cornerstone" of American modern highest form of performing arts.
dance, and has been taught worldwide.
CHARLES SPENCER CHAPLIN
UPEEPZ
●​ Switzerland, Actor-Director, and Composer,
❖​ Example of Hip-hop Dance Ensemble one of the pioneers in film-Making.
●​ Upeepz won the gold medal in 2016, Mega
AMUSEMENT ART FORMS OF ARTS
Crew, International Dance Hip-hop
Competition. The team was a.​ Magic and Illusion - It is a type of performing
art that entertains audiences. It is done by a
skilled magician or an illusionist.
b.​ Mime - the act of using movements of your
hands and body, and your face, without
 REVIEWER IN ART APPRECIATION

speech, to communicate emotions and

3 METHODS IN PERFORMANCE ART
actions expressions or tell character or a
story. 1.​ MOTIONS
c.​ Puppetry - the making and manipulation of ●​ Video clip, 'Modern Men',
puppets for use in some kind of theatrical Experimental Performance Art
performance, for stage, television, or film. A 2.​ STEADY ACT
puppet is a figure— human, animal, or ●​ 'Rhythm 0', 1979, Social Experiment by
abstract in form-that is moved by human Marina Abramovic, Russia
effort, not mechanical aid. 3.​ FREE-FLOW
d.​ Circus Act - a type of performance art that ●​ Artistic expressions that are created
focuses on various aspects of physical spontaneously, without strict
movement, strength, and endurance, and adherence to predefined rules or
the ranges possible for the human body and structures.
physique.
LITERARY ART
PERFORMANCE ART

●​ Performance Art is a form of arts practice

ART
that involves a person or persons
undertaking an action or actions within
●​ Art means the expression of human feelings
particular timeframe in a particular space or
that have beauty value.
location for an audience (most of the time
live audience). Central to the process and LITERATURE
execution of Performance Art is the live
●​ Literature is an absorption word means
presence of the artist and the real actions of
guide, guidance or order in the form of text
his/her body, to create and present an
or voice.
ephemeral art experience to a live
audience.
NOTE!:
Main characteristic of Performance Arts:
So it can be concluded that literary art is
●​ The primary medium and conceptual
something in the form of writing or stories that have
material on which Performance Art is based
artistic and cultural value that displays the beauty
is the artist's own body especially facial
of speech and language to convey certain
expressions.
meanings.
●​ Other key components are time, space and
the relationship and connection between
performer and audience.
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defined as 'digital media art'. Art'. Later part

GENRES
it was Today it is now placed under the
●​ Fiction larger umbrella term the 'new media art'.
○​ literature created from the
imagination, not presented as fact, Remarkable Impacts of New Media Arts to
though it may be based on a true Contemporary Arts
story or situation. ●​ The impact of digital technology has
●​ Nonfiction transformed human art expressions such as
○​ a genre of literature based on facts, painting, drawing and sculpture, music and
actual events, or real people literature even in architecture.
contrasting imaginary settings, ●​ The use of new tools which become very
events, and characters. helpful for the artists not only to enhance
●​ Drama but to make artwork in a more creative
○​ the portrayal of fictional or process towards innovative and unexplored
non-fictional events through the paths.
performance of written dialog (either EXAMPLE 1
prose or poetry) and can be ●​ Video Clip
performed on stage, on film, or radio. ●​ Architecture
●​ Poetry ●​ 3D Painting
○​ written in verse that uses figurative EXAMPLE 2
language, or language that can ●​ Green Screen
have different meanings from what is ●​ CG1 Effects
literally said, to give multiple shades ●​ Movies/Films
of meaning to a word or a phrase. EXAMPLE 3
●​ Folktale ●​ Advertising
○​ the traditional beliefs, stories, ●​ internet portals
customs, and legends, transmitted ●​ systems
orally, from generation to generation. ●​ Programming
●​
THE NEW MEDIA ARTS
IMPACTS OF AI IN THE SOCIETY

●​ Al has the potential to bring about

MEDIA ARTS
numerous positive changes in society,
including enhanced productivity, improved
●​ Since the 1960s, artistic work or practice that
healthcare, and increased access to
uses digital or computer technology as part
education.
of the creative or presentation process is
either called 'computer art' or 'digital
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●​ Al-powered technologies can also help

solve complex problems and make our
daily lives easier and more convenient.

AI

●​ In AI, algorithms are programmed using vast

amounts of data, which may contain
inherent biases from historical human
decisions. Consequently, Al systems can
perpetuate gender, racial, or
socioeconomic biases, leading to
discriminatory outcomes in areas such as
hiring, lending, and criminal justice.