Problem sheet-2

Q1
#include <stdio.h>

void sort1D(int *arr, int n)

{
int i, j, temp;
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++)
{
if (*(arr + j) > *(arr + j + 1))
{
temp = ×(arr + j);
×(arr + j) = *(arr + j + 1);
×(arr + j + 1) = temp;
}
}
}
}

void print1D(int *arr, int n)

{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("%d ", *(arr + i));
}
printf("\n");
}

int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];

printf("Enter %d elements: ", n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
 scanf("%d", (arr + i));
}

sort1D(arr, n);
printf("Sorted 1D array: ");
print1D(arr, n);

return 0;
}

q2
#include <stdio.h>

void sort2D(int *arr, int rows, int cols)

{
int size = rows * cols;
int i, j, temp;
for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < size - i - 1; j++)
{
if (*(arr + j) > *(arr + j + 1))
{
temp = ×(arr + j);
×(arr + j) = *(arr + j + 1);
×(arr + j + 1) = temp;
}
}
}
}

void print2D(int *arr, int rows, int cols)

{
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
printf("%d ", *(arr + i * cols + j));
}
printf("\n");
}
}

int main()
{
int rows, cols;
printf("Enter number of rows and columns: ");
scanf("%d %d", &rows, &cols);
int arr[rows][cols];

printf("Enter %d elements: ", rows * cols);

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
scanf("%d", (*(arr + i) + j));
}
}

sort2D((int *)arr, rows, cols);

printf("Sorted 2D array:\n");
print2D((int *)arr, rows, cols);

return 0;
}

q3
#include <stdio.h>

int sum1D(int *arr, int n)

{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
sum = sum + ×(arr + i);
}
return sum;
}

int main()
{
int n;
 printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];

printf("Enter %d elements: ", n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
scanf("%d", (arr + i));
}

printf("Sum of 1D array elements: %d\n", sum1D(arr, n));

return 0;
}
q4
#include <stdio.h>

int sum2D(int *arr, int rows, int cols)

{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
sum = sum + ×(arr + i × cols + j);
}
}
return sum;
}

int main()
{
int rows, cols;
printf("Enter number of rows and columns: ");
scanf("%d %d", &rows, &cols);
int arr[rows][cols];

printf("Enter %d elements: ", rows * cols);

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
 {
scanf("%d", (*(arr + i) + j));
}
}

printf("Sum of 2D array elements: %d\n", sum2D((int *)arr, rows, cols));

return 0;
}
q5
#include <stdio.h>

int compareStrings(char *str1, char *str2)

{
while (*str1 && *str2)
{
if (×str1 != *str2)
{
return (*str1 - *str2);
}
str1++;
str2++;
}
return (*str1 - *str2);
}

int main()
{
char str1[100], str2[100];

printf("Enter first string: ");

scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Enter second string: ");
scanf("%s", str2);

int result = compareStrings(str1, str2);

if (result == 0)
printf("Strings are equal.\n");
else if (result > 0)
printf("First string is greater.\n");
 else
printf("Second string is greater.\n");

return 0;
}
q6
#include <stdio.h>

void concatenateStrings(char *str1, char *str2)

{
while (*str1)
{
str1++;
}
while (*str2)
{
×str1 = *str2;
str1++;
str2++;
}
×str1 = '\0';
}

int main()
{
char str1[200], str2[100];

printf("Enter first string: ");

scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Enter second string: ");
scanf("%s", str2);

concatenateStrings(str1, str2);

printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);

return 0;
}

q7
#include <stdio.h>
int isPalindrome(char *str)
{
char *start = str;
char *end = str;

while (*end)
{
end++;
}
end--;

while (start < end)

{
if (*start != *end)
{
return 0;
}
start++;
end--;
}
return 1;
}

int main()
{
char str[100];

printf("Enter a string: ");

scanf("%s", str);

if (isPalindrome(str))
printf("The string is a palindrome.\n");
else
printf("The string is not a palindrome.\n");

return 0;
}

q8
#include <stdio.h>
void copyString(char *source, char *destination)
{
while (*source)
{
*destination = *source;
source++;
destination++;
}
*destination = '\0';
}

int main()
{
char source[100], destination[100];

printf("Enter the source string: ");

scanf("%s", source);

copyString(source, destination);

printf("Copied string: %s\n", destination);

return 0;
}
q9
#include <stdio.h>

int isPrime(int num)

{
if (num < 2)
return 0;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= num; i++)
{
if (num % i == 0)
return 0;
}
return 1;
}

int countPrimes(int *arr, int n)

{
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (isPrime(*(arr + i)))
{
count++;
}
}
return count;
}

int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];

printf("Enter %d elements: ", n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
scanf("%d", (arr + i));
}

printf("Total prime numbers: %d\n", countPrimes(arr, n));

return 0;
}

q10
#include <stdio.h>

int power(int base, int exp)

{
int result = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++)
{
result ×= base;
}
return result;
}

int isArmstrong(int *num)

{
int n = *num, sum = 0, digits = 0, temp = *num;

// Count number of digits

while (temp)
{
digits++;
temp /= 10;
}

temp = *num;
while (temp)
{
int digit = temp % 10;
sum += power(digit, digits);
temp /= 10;
}

return (sum == *num);

}

int main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

if (isArmstrong(&num))
printf("%d is an Armstrong number.\n", num);
else
printf("%d is not an Armstrong number.\n", num);

return 0;
}

q11
#include <stdio.h>
void reverseArray(int *arr, int n)
{
int *start = arr;
int *end = arr + n - 1;
while (start < end)
{
int temp = *start;
*start = *end;
*end = temp;

start++;
end--;
}
}

int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];

printf("Enter %d elements: ", n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
scanf("%d", (arr + i));
}

reverseArray(arr, n);

printf("Reversed array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("%d ", *(arr + i));
}
printf("\n");

return 0;
}

q12
#include <stdio.h>

void reverseString(char *str)

{
char *start = str;
char *end = str;

while (*end)
{
end++;
}
end--;
while (start < end)
{

char temp = *start;

*start = *end;
*end = temp;

start++;
end--;
}
}

int main()
{
char str[100];

printf("Enter a string: ");

scanf("%s", str);

reverseString(str);

printf("Reversed string: %s\n", str);

return 0;
}

q13
#include <stdio.h>
void insertElement(int *arr, int *size, int element, int position)
{
if (position < 0 || position > *size)
{
printf("Invalid position!\n");
return;
}
for (int i = *size; i > position; i--)
{
arr[i] = arr[i - 1];
}
arr[position] = element;
(*size)++;
}

void updateElement(int *arr, int size, int element, int position)

{
if (position < 0 || position >= size)
{
printf("Invalid position!\n");
return;
}
arr[position] = element;
}

void deleteElement(int *arr, int *size, int position)

{
if (position < 0 || position >= *size)
{
printf("Invalid position!\n");
return;
}
for (int i = position; i < *size - 1; i++)
{
arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
}
(*size)--;
}

void printArray(int *arr, int size)

{
 printf("Array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}

int main()
{
int arr[100], size, element, position;

printf("Enter the size of the array: ");

scanf("%d", &size);

printf("Enter %d elements: ", size);

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}

printArray(arr, size);

printf("Enter element to insert and position: ");

scanf("%d %d", &element, &position);
insertElement(arr, &size, element, position);
printArray(arr, size);

printf("Enter element to update and position: ");

scanf("%d %d", &element, &position);
updateElement(arr, size, element, position);
printArray(arr, size);

printf("Enter position to delete: ");

scanf("%d", &position);
deleteElement(arr, &size, position);
printArray(arr, size);

return 0;
}
q14
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void inputMatrix(int *mat, int rows, int cols)

{
printf("Enter the matrix elements:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
scanf("%d", (mat + i * cols + j));
}
}
}

void displayMatrix(int *mat, int rows, int cols)

{
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
printf("%d\t", *(mat + i * cols + j));
}
printf("\n");
}
}

void addMatrices(int *mat1, int *mat2, int *result, int rows, int cols)
{
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
×(result + i × cols + j) = *(mat1 + i * cols + j) + *(mat2 + i * cols + j);
}
}
}

void subtractMatrices(int *mat1, int *mat2, int *result, int rows, int cols)
{
 for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
×(result + i × cols + j) = *(mat1 + i * cols + j) - *(mat2 + i * cols + j);
}
}
}

void multiplyMatrices(int *mat1, int *mat2, int *result, int rows1, int cols1, int cols2)
{
for (int i = 0; i < rows1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols2; j++)
{
×(result + i × cols2 + j) = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < cols1; k++)
{
×(result + i × cols2 + j) += *(mat1 + i * cols1 + k) * *(mat2 + k * cols2 + j);
}
}
}
}

void transposeMatrix(int *mat, int *result, int rows, int cols)

{
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
×(result + j × rows + i) = *(mat + i * cols + j);
}
}
}

int main()
{
int rows1, cols1, rows2, cols2;

printf("Enter the number of rows and columns for matrix 1: ");

scanf("%d %d", &rows1, &cols1);
 printf("Enter the number of rows and columns for matrix 2: ");
scanf("%d %d", &rows2, &cols2);

if (rows1 != rows2 || cols1 != cols2)

{
printf("Matrix addition and subtraction require matrices of the same dimensions.\n");
}

if (cols1 != rows2)
{
printf("Matrix multiplication requires the number of columns in matrix 1 to be equal to
the number of rows in matrix 2.\n");
}

int ×mat1 = (int *)malloc(rows1 * cols1 * sizeof(int));

int ×mat2 = (int *)malloc(rows2 * cols2 * sizeof(int));
int ×result = (int *)malloc(rows1 * cols2 * sizeof(int));

printf("For matrix 1:\n");

inputMatrix(mat1, rows1, cols1);
printf("For matrix 2:\n");
inputMatrix(mat2, rows2, cols2);

printf("Matrix 1:\n");
displayMatrix(mat1, rows1, cols1);
printf("Matrix 2:\n");
displayMatrix(mat2, rows2, cols2);

if (rows1 == rows2 && cols1 == cols2)

{
addMatrices(mat1, mat2, result, rows1, cols1);
printf("Matrix addition result:\n");
displayMatrix(result, rows1, cols1);
}

if (rows1 == rows2 && cols1 == cols2)

{
subtractMatrices(mat1, mat2, result, rows1, cols1);
printf("Matrix subtraction result:\n");
displayMatrix(result, rows1, cols1);
 }

if (cols1 == rows2)
{
multiplyMatrices(mat1, mat2, result, rows1, cols1, cols2);
printf("Matrix multiplication result:\n");
displayMatrix(result, rows1, cols2);
}

int *transposeResult = (int *)malloc(cols1 * rows1 * sizeof(int));

transposeMatrix(mat1, transposeResult, rows1, cols1);
printf("Transpose of matrix 1:\n");
displayMatrix(transposeResult, cols1, rows1);

free(mat1);
free(mat2);
free(result);
free(transposeResult);

return 0;
}

q15
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void inputMatrix(int *mat, int rows, int cols)

{
printf("Enter the matrix elements:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
scanf("%d", (mat + i * cols + j));
}
}
}

void displayMatrix(int *mat, int rows, int cols)

{
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
 {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
printf("%d\t", *(mat + i * cols + j));
}
printf("\n");
}
}

void reverseMatrix(int *mat, int rows, int cols)

{
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols / 2; j++)
{
int temp = ×(mat + i × cols + j);
×(mat + i × cols + j) = *(mat + i * cols + (cols - j - 1));
×(mat + i × cols + (cols - j - 1)) = temp;
}
}
}

int main()
{
int rows, cols;
printf("Enter the number of rows and columns for the matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &rows, &cols);

int *mat = (int *)malloc(rows * cols * sizeof(int));

inputMatrix(mat, rows, cols);

printf("Original Matrix:\n");
displayMatrix(mat, rows, cols);

reverseMatrix(mat, rows, cols);

printf("Reversed Matrix:\n");
displayMatrix(mat, rows, cols);

free(mat);
return 0;
}
q16
#include <stdio.h>

int countVowels(char *str)

{
int count = 0;
while (*str)
{
char ch = *str;
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u' ||
ch == 'A' || ch == 'E' || ch == 'I' || ch == 'O' || ch == 'U')
{
count++;
}
str++;
}
return count;
}

int main()
{
char str[100];
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str);

int vowelCount = countVowels(str);

printf("Number of vowels in the string: %d\n", vowelCount);

return 0;
}

q17
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("Usage: %s <filename>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
 }

FILE *file = fopen(argv[1], "r");

if (file == NULL)
{
printf("Error: Cannot open file %s\n", argv[1]);
return 1;
}

char ch;
while ((ch = fgetc(file)) != EOF)
{
putchar(ch);
}

fclose(file);
return 0;
}

q18
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
if (argc != 3)
{
printf("Usage: %s <source_file> <destination_file>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}

FILE *source = fopen(argv[1], "r");

if (source == NULL)
{
printf("Error: Cannot open source file %s\n", argv[1]);
return 1;
}

FILE *destination = fopen(argv[2], "w");

if (destination == NULL)
{
 printf("Error: Cannot create destination file %s\n", argv[2]);
fclose(source);
return 1;
}

char ch;
while ((ch = fgetc(source)) != EOF)
{
fputc(ch, destination);
}

fclose(source);
fclose(destination);

printf("File copied successfully from %s to %s\n", argv[1], argv[2]);

return 0;
}

q19
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

long long factorial(int n)

{
if (n == 0 || n == 1)
return 1;
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("Usage: %s <number>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}

int num = atoi(argv[1]);

if (num < 0)
{
printf("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.\n");
 return 1;
}

printf("Factorial of %d is %lld\n", num, factorial(num));

return 0;
}
q20
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int isPrime(int n)
{
if (n < 2)
return 0;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++)
{
if (n % i == 0)
return 0;
}
return 1;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("Usage: %s <number>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}

int num = atoi(argv[1]);

if (num <= 0)
{
printf("Enter a positive integer.\n");
return 1;
}

if (isPrime(num))
printf("%d is a prime number.\n", num);
else
 printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num);

return 0;
}
q21
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
if (argc < 2)
{
printf("Usage: %s <num1> <num2> ... <numN>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}

int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
{
sum += atoi(argv[i]);
}

printf("Sum of all arguments: %d\n", sum);

return 0;
}
q22
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n)

{
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++)
{
if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1])
{
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
}
 }
}
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
if (argc != 11)
{
printf("Usage: %s <10 numbers>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}

int arr[10];
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
arr[i - 1] = atoi(argv[i]);
}

bubbleSort(arr, 10);

printf("Sorted numbers: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");

return 0;
}
q23
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main()
{
FILE *file;
char ch;
int vowels = 0, consonants = 0;

file = fopen("[Link]", "r");

if (file == NULL)
 {
printf("Error: Cannot open file [Link]\n");
return 1;
}

while ((ch = fgetc(file)) != EOF)

{
ch = tolower(ch);
if ((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z'))
{
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u')
vowels++;
else
consonants++;
}
}

fclose(file);

printf("Vowels: %d\n", vowels);

printf("Consonants: %d\n", consonants);

return 0;
}
q24
#include <stdio.h>

void displayFile(const char *filename)

{
FILE ×file = fopen(filename, "r");
int num;

if (file == NULL)
{
printf("Error: Cannot open file %s\n", filename);
return;
}

printf("Contents of %s:\n", filename);

while (fscanf(file, "%d", &num) != EOF)
{
 printf("%d ", num);
}
printf("\n");

fclose(file);
}

int main()
{
FILE *master, *odd, *even;
int num;

master = fopen("[Link]", "r");

if (master == NULL)
{
printf("Error: Cannot open [Link]\n");
return 1;
}

odd = fopen("[Link]", "w");

even = fopen("[Link]", "w");

while (fscanf(master, "%d", &num) != EOF)

{
if (num % 2 == 0)
fprintf(even, "%d\n", num);
else
fprintf(odd, "%d\n", num);
}

fclose(master);
fclose(odd);
fclose(even);

displayFile("[Link]");
displayFile("[Link]");

return 0;
}
q25
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct
{
int rollno;
char name[50];
float percentage;
} Student;

int countRecords(const char *filename)

{
FILE ×file = fopen(filename, "rb");
if (file == NULL)
{
printf("Error: Cannot open file %s\n", filename);
return -1;
}

Student s;
int count = 0;
while (fread(&s, sizeof(Student), 1, file) == 1)
{
count++;
}

fclose(file);
return count;
}

int main()
{
int totalRecords = countRecords("[Link]");
if (totalRecords != -1)
{
printf("Total number of records: %d\n", totalRecords);
}
return 0;
}
q26
#include <stdio.h>

void readFile(const char *filename)

{
FILE ×file = fopen(filename, "r");
char ch;

if (file == NULL)
{
printf("Error: Cannot open file %s\n", filename);
return;
}

while ((ch = fgetc(file)) != EOF)

{
putchar(ch);
}
printf("\n");
fclose(file);
}

void consolidateFiles(const char *outputFile, const char *file1, const char *file2, const char
*file3)
{
FILE ×out = fopen(outputFile, "w");
FILE *in;
char ch;

if (out == NULL)
{
printf("Error: Cannot create file %s\n", outputFile);
return;
}

const char *files[] = {file1, file2, file3};

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
in = fopen(files[i], "r");
if (in == NULL)
{
printf("Error: Cannot open file %s\n", files[i]);
continue;
}
 while ((ch = fgetc(in)) != EOF)
{
fputc(ch, out);
}
fputs("\n", out);
fclose(in);
}

fclose(out);
printf("All details consolidated into %s\n", outputFile);
}

int main()
{
consolidateFiles("[Link]", "student_info.txt", "University_info.txt", "Bank_info.txt");

printf("\nDisplaying consolidated details from [Link]:\n");

readFile("[Link]");

return 0;
}