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• Input Devices --- They are used for accepting data on which the operations are to be
performed. Examples are keyboard, mouse, etc.
• Processor --- Also known as CPU, it is used to perform the calculations and
informations processing on the data that is entered through the input device.
• Output Devices --- They are used for providing the output of a program that is
obtained after performing the operations specified in a program. Examples are Monitor,
etc.
• Memory --- It is used for storing the input data as well as the output of a program that
is obtained after performing the operations specified in a program. Examples are RAM
(Random Access Memory), HD (Hard Disk), etc.
Software supports the functioning of a computer system internally and cannot be seen. It is
stored on secondary memory and can be an application software as well as system
software. The application software is used to perform a specific task according to
requirements and the system software is mandatory for running application software.
Examples of application software include Excel and MS Word and Examples of system
software include Operating System and Networking system.
INPUT DEVICES
Input Devices can be connected to the computer system using cables. The most commonly
used input device among others are :
• Ke
yboard
• M
ouse
Scanner
Keyboard
A standard keyboard includes alphanumeric keys, function keys, modifier keys, numeric
keys, cursor movement keys, spacebar key, escape key, and some special keys, such as Page
Up, Page Down, Home, Insert, Delete and End.
Mouse
The mouse allows the user to select elements on the screen, such as tools, icons, and
buttons, by pointing and clicking them. We can also use a mouse to draw and paint on the
screen of the computer system. The mouse is also known as pointing device.
The mouse consists of two buttons, a wheel at the top and a ball at the bottom of the
mouse. When the ball moves, the cursor on the screen moves in the direction in which the
ball rotates. The left button of the mouse is used to select an element and the right button,
when clicked, displays the special options.
Scanner
A scanner is an input device that converts documents and images as the digitized images
understandable by the computer system. The digitized images can be produced as black and
white images
, gray images, or colored images.
Scanne
In case of colored images,ran image is considered as a collection of dots with each dot
representing a combination of red, green, and blue colors, varying in proportions. The
proportions of red, green. And blue colors assigned to a dot are together called as color
description.
There are following types of scanners that can be used to produce digitized images :
• Flatbed Scanner --- It contains a scanner head that moves across a page from top
to bottom to read the page and converts the image or text available on the page in
digital form. The flatbed scanner is used to scan graphics, oversized documents, etc.
• Drum Scanner --- In this type of scanner, a fixed scanner head is used and the
image to be scanned is moved across the head. The drum scanner are used for
scanning prepress materials.
• Slide Scanner --- It is a scanner that can scan photographic slides directly to
produce files understandable by the computer.
• Handheld Scanner --- It is a scanner that is moved by the end user across the page
to be scanned. This type of scanner is inexpensive and small in size.