Cutenia orhe Kiydom class ifiaten
(i) Rebro dwchbn
Chracters Fve king doms
Monea Ruot'sta ongi Plartae Animel'a
Brokayait Eukanyótie kkagett Ektagpit buogrd
cl wall Non cellutosi Presentin Present Prexnt Absent
(Poljsacharid Some with (elilase
tarino e'd) chit'n
Mclta Absent Present Prexnt Present Prusent
Membyane
Body oganzdhien Celludoar ellutar Multielllar Tissue Tissue
(singl cdty Jloose hssue
nisSUe organ ovgan/
(ul
Ogun ystr
Auo trothi Autotrchic Hetero Helorotk
Nutrition (chema_yn (Aoksynthei,y trophi . -thohic LHolo20ic/
thet'e cnd Sund Hckeoco- (sao- CAhoto saprobyti
Photosynhuti) trophie byhc/ Roq- ynthe- c et
and Hcteo tobhic -syti)
palge.e Orlsl
Choptor-2Botogteal Classiftration
Classifcat'on is the gooubing of oyenisms
Anstotte was the cauuliea t attempt amocl scithhig .
lor ckussrfiation
He vsed simple mophokogtul charactes to clasN'A
blans Pnto trees, shavbs and ttebs
Arss to tte also cleuoded
clas ib
onimals into twogoubs that
y
Those whth had ed bloocl and those thet aid nN
loo kingdom sys tem of classifebon r
by Canolws Linneous
He classibied all blants anmal nto tws ahb
Nanwely lantae and Ani melia
Houw ver, maning cmarites o two ystem clas i
&uch
This system o'dno t olistinguish betwen -
Eu kayotes and Prokyyota:
UnitctolaH and muli cellulen
thotosynth etic cnd Non- Photosyntheti.
Cfongi
Rre king do m clusstficatin
It was opos ecl by RH. whitker inn 19 69. the
of fiv King cdo ms cne
Monea- Incdud all un'cellulan, Pro Kayohk organsn
Rsoti'sta - Incwd all un'ccla,Ev kayyoh organd
ung' I{ ncwde all unicelulat and mltte liular
ungi
rimia - JB incdde all the animal.
lantet- 34 incwd aul thu plants.
*lhese cebL Pn shich tue nuclvs is bront that is nuclus has
w clevelopecl nucan rembrare
*A the membrane baond cel organelsa au þrent dvch aS
mtochondbrta golgi bocy endoblas nic ret'culam ete:
*They may be unielluar or mult'ellutar
* D2e small to vey lange Buchs eg? 0t astnch is a
laxgst ceel and Heuon i's th Jongst cell
xarngie af eukunyotes - jrotcacyans. Algae, Yest, pund
Ancd asl the cninaly
five Kengdom
monera Protsta Pluntae Ara'meli'a
Monerc CArokayots, vnidllalar)
Archacbactori a Eu bectei
(cell wall bont) Blue-greun
yco plas ma
Batewe (yaro bacteng) Cceu wal
((el waul bront) (eu wal bS ent
þrent
2lsl
domatn or six teR0n Kingelom propeseo y Canla
Thyc
i Archac
Ruotsta
fngi
Plantae
Animella
kingdoms Aytem of Classifeton , hr domain af
ben brobcsedl that divides the Kingdon
he bas alie
Monee nts twt clonans thatis Archac end Pubo.
eubactu
Thu thid domain e Buceia whlch încwc_all the
Kasyotic ogani Sm ThntYe ther are six ktgclom
cu
in ha classihcathon whch e hamely
Archae
fubacteua
Protista
forgi
Plentae
An'melic
Psoayot ccel - Ihose cells pn whith nucleus s cbstent
Absent and thuJe a. most brin Hve tybes of cell
Thuse. ayd unicllur po kanyoti't ceu pn whith membrat
bound col opgenely au absent
* RebbosomeouOUe smullt n size thu dey To's time
AThe size of baokmyotic cells is-Sma thn cu kanyoli
celly.
Ay broRayoic cells buch as. badeue, blue
Cyno bactrnia) prthert hlaced in Kingsom monena
9 Echioclmete
O' Hem° chorccdu
Chot olatq
Kindone mon
moneta
King dom montHa was qiven_by Cobedancl
*Th- kingclom inclace all thu rokeyyot'e uncellalar
oenishs, sseeially bactuuie. shith anc the sole membes
tho kingclom
Bacteie an the most abunclent microbes 4nd a cos mopol
- tn
Bacteia Ahas the most cxiensive mcfa bolie diHs ity
Shaße of Batuia, thuy cu groUbed und 4catigoncs
based on. their Shube thet is i
f sbhenical shase bacterig
Coct CocusS
Rod - shebed Bacilus
Cerd
(o me &hahel bacte'e culld vibn'o
Spral shebed bacteu'a (allecd spinlng
.Co Cci
Baclli
Spin'la vibn'o
Bact thu Kingelom moneHa fuether cdass'fiecl i'nto
two groubs thet i's
Archac bactuua
Eu bactuia (bacteu'a, ynobactewia and mycoþ(asma)
Date
Botfa (untllakr Eukasyot
Sltme mwtes
Pamroatoezboodan
Holden Alge.
fung (Uniellula /Mukicelulot a Eu
Yenst (austl
Phy nyctes AS omycls Basidiomyuta Detero mycetes
Plgnts (ku kanyo tas)
Thallophyls Bryagts Pentdobhy ts bymnosjernm Anpljn
Algae)
Kingdom - Animalie
orifoa.
Coelen texata (cnidana)
teno phora
atyhemothusi
schelmnthus.
Anneida.
r thro þocla
Chmosyrtutie autotrebhc bactoni'a orilise vauias inorganic
Su bstances bu ch cs nitrats ,ntnte and anno°a and use.
the Tleased enexyyfor thait ATP prockuction Thy bly
gret role in reyiling nutrients Aike vtgea pbosshorus,
ron Qnd sulfhor
Hetoxctropic ba ctoria. an mast abunclant in natureThe
majonity au imbortant daompos ens May of than bare ea
signthicant mbacd on humen affa's Thyy au hekful in
naking curd from milk þroduction af antbio hics fring
darmage to human being cro}s,fakm qnmai and pets
|Cholea tyßhoiel stetanus citrus Cankir au well Ànoan
disases caund by cliffeunt ba cte'a:
Bacdia rhrodue mainy dy hission-Somtims nder ot
unfavdutahe Conelihons hy prodoce shorts . Thyy ako
Aimtve Aye ANA stansfer from ont batoum fo the
lother
Gyna bacteia mBlue-grn Aga
he tynobacteia Calso ferred to aS lue-grun. eyue) have
choró phyla sinilen to green p(ants and are photosnthete
auto trobs
he synobadeuia ane uncelllar ,colonal orflamantoos
reshwater /mathe or toustnal algat
Thu cdon's anu gen enaly suoondid by gelt nods sheth
They often form blooms in pollted watér bocics
Soraeo thse organ'sms Can ix atmusphexic togen n
sbeiall'nd cells caulad httuocysts g Nos oc and
|Anabaeng
fossi
Frchue batnia (most brimiive eving
*They an the old ltaing ossi Gnd founcl to
extreme Condih'ons where other g oyas thg
8wive (halphiles)
(an
Such as -In ertreme salty auas
Hot sprigs CtheHmoQcidlophilla)
* In mashy anes Cmethanogens)bactenia bc( UH thyy
Thy olifex fom. ohu
speciali'sed cel wall ohich enasle thurn
in extreme cond hong
The cee wal centein h cHossAnk aty
Which bròtect them suh. ca acdvee 6iteton:
Methanggtns au pro¡nt in th gut of BVAal stune
antmel &ch as. Cows anel buffoloeS and they ane
rabonsible for the pro duction methane (biogas)
fom the olung f thyc animas
Eobacter'?
Bactenia
J ynobateuia or blue-grn algae
3: mycoplsma
4 Bacte' ar the most cbondent microbey with nnt
(eel wasl SOr bOseKG blugela tor moily
Thuy maybe cuto trofhic or hto trefhie
Ikgm cystel vioet dly i's Baucteia qnd proto 2C
dissalved in loo ml st Stun violet
etanol AIter and Store it
Common Eu mnts
foxceh 3
6' wetch class 9° Peti clish
S MortaRand Pestal
Q" Conical Flask g Round Bottom flask Orpng botte
Sissors
C
ate.
Fage.
orgenjsms tat
ht Compietey dacR a ce
ane
The mycoflsma smallst cels Knoun and Cah
Theyoe the iving &wAVve
fathogenic in anmaly and flant
*ony mycohdasma are
belous
hist ammony
Rult
Stain Combisthen
(Basic steain)
alohol
Aretocaumihu 4sml glaial accteacidl i's chromosomes ateuin dank
Yemuins
unstaind
(anmine fowdlou i's adtel oit
3 Inpant and an'al rjey
CAi~i olyu) muthylne ble Aain prehadions (ytulqsm sais.
oith 3omd gs etanol blo¢ gnd nclis chyk blu
and 1oomd cf distilled
yeuter
Aqutaus Bdluhion (ontans!Animeltssuea &teuin
(ai dyey) m tosin in ieom fd'shiucd
Watcr
ydopatit
Coleur dus
Diatamnus
heozans
-Counehy
7E-Ômaelbe
Mont Pouaations
TFnfoasy Moont
(a) Place a clean stde on a lter baber
sid ont
(b) Plac the mantig muternag n he (cntef the
a csop Steln
Co) ush the escess staln ith later whing byush Cnd adot
() Mbe the Alide. plQC it on afilter pafer gnc hut adc
glecuint
(e) Hold a caun (oven slo woith one edgetouching th yohe
Sobjort t wh the nudle and qmdoaly olae it öH H
matuial: Rerove ar buble y bresing noith the nudle
or waumn thu slide sightl
7) pc tu cres ghcine Ata paber lbel soth the name
o matenal and dtucunts Roll no Blide is
myehza
Foad
Shelte
food,sealHes
mingl
lanedig, Asten
Kngdeu t
Ycast
Muellr wes
telueel Necluy
(clishs)
PlamteAmmal
fued Byed
elassmate
Date
Page.
ViRUS Plout
butnn botteus tatte
eg khopus, Albygo.
la vices, Neuosbore
-deuma
Piuteu
+ RNA
DNA rRN4
intechay
fucbiohle Arseanki
pngyehiigyex
my co bit
prede oes
Plygilat
Shelte
Daie
Pone.
ds-DN9
Omitn' Tvancusky (18g2), recegnized ct'n mitrobrt x
Cusal orguris m qy the mesaic dsease tbacco . Thege wtn
koure to be smeller than btC bCause they pasted
huagh bateria- þreOof ildes
M'w Beijuinek (1898) demons trected that the ertect
thc infected Aants q tobaco could ausc infechion te
healthy fans end namcd the new hatho gins uhs
and calld the lord as londaçum viam Botdom
ingutious iing orl
wig Stanly (i93s) showed that vnsts (outh de
ystaise Yand cysklh csist lanyely proteihs
Ty aru ineut butside
a obligte parasits
theix shci bi host cell Mo