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Lab34- Copy - physics 1 lab report 1 lab report form aiub

Physics 1 (American International University-Bangladesh)

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AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY–BANGLADESH (AIUB)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
PHYSICS LAB -3
Summer 2020-2021
Section: (B-14) Group:

LAB REPORT ON
STUDY OF PROJECTILE MOTION AND COLLISION

Supervised By

DR. KAMRUN NAHAR MUKTA

Submitted By
Name ID Contribution

[Link] KHALIL 22-48242-2 Analysis the Theory

2.A.S.M MINHAJUL ISLAM 22-48184-2 Calculation the equation

[Link] HAQUE VUBAN 22-48277-2 Find resourses

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Date of Submission: 12-06-2022

ABLE OF CONTENTS

TOPICS Page
no.
I. Title Page 1
II. Table of Content 2
[Link] 3
[Link] 4
[Link] 5
[Link] Data 6
[Link] and Calculation 6
[Link] 7
[Link] 9
[Link] 10

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 2 of 10

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1. Theory

Projectile motion is the motion of an object thrown or projected into the air,
subject only to acceleration as a result of gravity. The applications of projectile
motion in physics and engineering are numerous. Some examples include
meteors as they enter Earth’s atmosphere, fireworks, and the motion of any ball
in sports. Such objects are called projectiles and their path is called a trajectory.
The motion of falling objects as discussed in Motion Along a Straight Line is a
simple one-dimensional type of projectile motion in which there is no
horizontal movement. In this section, we consider two-dimensional projectile
motion, and our treatment neglects the effects of air resistance.

Figure : 01
The parabolic trajectory of projectile in the x-y plane. The projectile is thrown
with an initial velocity Vo and angle θ with the x axis .R and H represent the
range and maximum height of the projectile , respectively.

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 3 of 10

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Collision :
The elastic collision between a ball and a fixed smooth surface can be presented
can be presented as the fig 2 shows.

Figure 02:
An elastic collision between a smooth ball and a table .The velocities just before
and after the collision remain the same.

For an elastic collision , both the momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

The impulse in any dimension (x or y) can be defined as

Impulse , J= Change in momentum ,

Δ p=Pf-pi,

Where Pi and Pf are the initial and final momentum , respectivel .

[Link]:
Marble, ramp,clamp, recording paper, carbon paper, meter
scale,meterscale,weighing scale.

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 4 of 10

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[Link]:
 Set up the apparatus as shows in fig 01 Make sure that theend of the ramp
looks level with the table . Lay down a piece of recording piece of recording
paper on the floor and place a sheet of carbon paper on top . Each bounce of
the ball will leave a mark on the recording paper.
 Once the apparatus is fixed , do not move the recording paper until the data
collection is completed . However , the carbon paper can be lifted at any
time to respect the collision points . Locate the position O on the floor using
the marble ball and measure the distance form O to a reference point on the
recording paper .This allows the paper to be move after the data collection is
completed to a more suitable location for the measurement of S1 and S2.

 To collected the data , release the ball form ball a point near the top of the
ramp ,being careful not to impoint spin on the the ball . This allows the ball
roll down the ramp ,and bounce on the floor with minimal spain .Repeat the
procedure 10 times always releasing ball form the same point on the ramp.

 Measure the heights h and H with a meter scale as accurately as possible .

 Form the recording paper ,obtain the average values of S1 and S2 in the
following way .By eye , determine the circuler region that include most of
the include most of the marks on the paper . Draw the circuler around this
region .Take the center for S1 and S2 . The radius of the circle as the
uncertainties. S1 and S2 .

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[Link] Data .

Height Height Average Uncertainty Average Uncertainty Mass of

Distance In S1 Distance Distance marble
h h S1 (cm) S2 S2 M
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)

52.6 16 35.6 2.2 83.4 4.7 7

Table -0.1

2. Analysis:
Time-of-flight vs. Initial Velocit

Quantity Straight motion Projectile motion

Horizontal Vertical componant
componant
Initial velocity u vox=vocosθo voy=voxsinθo
Acceleration a ax=O ay =-g
Velocity at any point v=u+at vx =vox vy=voy-gt2

Distance s=vt x=v0xt y=voyt-1/2gt2

 Calculate the average time-of-flight and the uncertainty for the short and
medium ranges.
 Calculate the average initial velocity for the short and medium ranges.

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3. Result
Time for the ball to leave the ramp and hit the point A:

t=√(2h/g)
=√(2*52.2/980)
=0.327 s

Constant Horizontal velocity of the ball :

Vx=s/t

=35.6/0.327

=108.87 m/s

Vertical velocity just before it strikes the point A

-vy =-gt

=980*0.327

=320.26 m/s

Velocity of the ball just strikes the point A in vector form

θ=tan-1 (vx/vy)

=tan-1(0.34)

= 18.77

|v|=

=338.25 c/s

Range of the second projectile =distance between point A and B

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R= S2-S1

=83.4-35.6

=47.8 cm

Time of the ball spends between point A and B

tab=R/vx

=47.8/108.87

=0.439 s

Maximum height for the projectile between point A and B

H=g/2*)2
=
980/2(0.439/2)2

=23.60 cm

Kinetic energy of the ball before the collision at A

Ei =1/2*m|v|2 m=(7/1000)=0.007m

=0.5*0.007*(338.25)2

= 400.44 j

Magnitude of the velocity before and after impact at point A

|v|=
=

=338.25 c/s

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The angle that the ball makes with the surface just before the collision at point A

θ=tan-1 (vx/vy)

=tan-1(0.34)

= 18.77

4. Discussion

For a projectile that is launched at an angle and returns to the same height,
we can determine the range or distance it goes horizontally using a fairly
simple equation. However, we will focus on the results of studying that
equation rather than solving it here.

 When the projectile is launched at a steep angle, it spends more time in the
air than it does when launched at a shallow angle.
 When the projectile is launched at a shallow angle, it goes faster in the
horizontal direction than if it is launched at a steep angle.

The ideal combination of time in the air and horizontal speed occurs at 45o.
Thus the maximum range or distance occurs when the projectile is launched
at this angle. This applies to long jumpers and soccer balls that are two good
examples. However, if the projectile starts at a point higher than where it
lands, the ideal distance doesn't occur at a 45o angle.

5. References

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 9 of 10

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[Link]
projectile-motion#:~:text=h%20%3D%20v%200%20y
%202,component%20of%20the%20initial%20velocity.

[Link]

1. Tipler, Paul A. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 4th, W. H.

Freeman: 1999.

[Link]

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