Short Transmission Line
refer to the problems solved in the class
Medium Transmission Lines
refer to the problems solved in the class
Long Transmission line
Question 1. A 3-phase overhead transmission line has a total series
impedance per phase of 200 ∠ 80º ohms and a total shunt
admittance of 0·0013 ∠ 90º siemen per phase. The line delivers a load
of 80 MW at 0·8 p.f. lagging and 220 kV between the lines. Determine
the sending end line voltage and current by rigorous method.
Answer [263·574 kV; 187·5 A]
Question 2 A 3-phase transmission line, 160 km long, has the following
constants: Resistance/phase/km = 0·2 Ω
Reactance/phase/km = 0·3127 Ω
Shunt admittance/phase/km = 1·875 x 10-6 S Determine the sending
end voltage and current by rigorous method when the line is
delivering a load of 25 MVA at 0·8 p.f. lagging. The receiving end
voltage is kept constant at 110 kV.
Answer: [116·67 kV; 131·1 A]
ABCD Parameters of Transmission lines
A balanced 3-phase load of 30 MW is supplied at 132 kV, 50 Hz and 0·85 p.f.
lagging by means of a transmission line. The series impedance of a single
conductor is (20 + j52) ohms and the total phase-neutral admittance is 315 x
10-6 siemen. Using nominal T method, determine: (i) the A, B, C and D constants
of the line (ii) sending end voltage (iii) regulation of the line.
i) A=D=0.992 ∠0.18o
B=55.5 ∠69o
C=0.000315 ∠90
ii) 143 kV
iii) 9.25%
Calculate A, B, C, and D constants of a 3-phase, 50 Hz transmission line 160
km long having the following distributed parameters: R = 0·15 Ω/km; L = 1·20
x10-3 H/km; C = 8 x 10-9 F/km; G = 0
Answer:
[A = D = 0·988 ∠ 0·3º; B = 64·2 ∠ 68·3º Ω; C = 0·4 x10-3 ∠ 90·2º S]
Underground Tables
A single-core lead sheathed cable is graded by using three dielectrics of relative
permittivity 5, 4 and 3 respectively. The conductor diameter is 2 cm and overall
diameter is 8 cm. If the three dielectrics are worked at the same maximum stress
of 40 kV/cm, find the safe working voltage of the cable. What will be the value of
safe working voltage for an ungraded cable, assuming the same conductor and
overall diameter and the maximum dielectric stress?
A single core lead sheathed cable has a conductor diameter of 3 cm; the
diameter of the cable being 9 cm. The cable is graded by using two dielectrics
of relative permittivity 5 and 4 respectively with corresponding safe working
stresses of 30 kV/cm and 20 kV/cm. Calculate the radial thickness of each
insulation and the safe working voltage of the cable.
A single-core 66 kV cable working on 3-phase system has a conductor diameter of
2 cm and a sheath of inside diameter 5.3 cm. If two intersheaths are introduced
in such a way that the stress varies between the same maximum and minimum in
the three layers, find: (i) positions of intersheaths (ii) voltage on the intersheaths
(iii) maximum and minimum stress
The capacitance per kilometre of a 3-phase belted cable is 0·3 μF between the
two cores with the third core connected to the lead sheath. Calculate the
charging current taken by five kilometres of this cable when connected to a 3-
phase, 50 Hz, 11 kV supply.
The capacitances of a 3-phase belted cable are 12·6 µF between the three cores
bunched together and the lead sheath and 7·4 µF between one core and the other two
connected to sheath. Find the charging current drawn by the cable when connected to
66 kV, 50 Hz supply.
Power Flow Questions
Question 1
An interconnector cable links generating stations 1 and 2 as shown in Fig. The desired voltage
profile is flat, i.e. |V1| = |V2| = 1 pu.
The total demands at the two buses are
SD1 = 15 + j5 pu
SD2 = 25 + j15 pu
The station loads are equalized by the flow of power in the cable. Estimate the torque angle
and the station power factors: (a) for cable Z = 0 + j0.05 pu, and (b) for cable Z = 0.005 + j0.05
pu. It is given that generator G1 can generate a maximum of 20.0 pu real power.
Question 2
A 275 kV transmission line has the following line constants:
A = 0.85 –5º; B = 200 –75º
(a) Determine the power at unity power factor that can be received if the voltage profile at each end is to be
maintained at 275 kV.
(b) What type and rating of compensation equipment would be required if the load is 150 MW at unity power
factor with the same voltage profile as in
part (a)?
(c) With the load as in part (b), what would be the receiving-end voltage if the compensation equipment is
not installed?