Biology Topic : Biological Classification
Q.1 Protists are alike in that all are Q.11 A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid
(1) unicellular (2) eukaryotic molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus
(3) symbionts (4) monophyletic (TMV). The cell contents are left in a covered test tube
overnight. The next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco
Q.2 Which of these taxa contains species that produce potent plants. Which of the following would be expected to
toxins that can cause extensive fish kills, contaminate occur?
shellfish, and poison humans? (1) The plants would develop some but not all of the
(1) red algae (2) dinoflagellates symptoms of the TMV infection.
(3) diplomonads (4) euglenids (2) The plants would develop symptoms typically
produced by viroids.
Q.3 A certain unicellular eukaryote has a siliceous (glasslike) (3) The plants would develop the typical symptoms of
shell and autotrophic nutrition. To which group does it TMV infection.
belong? (4) The plants would not show any disease symptoms.
(1) dinoflagellates (2) diatoms
(3) brown algae (4) radiolarians Q.12 Trypanosoma belongs to –
(1) Flagellated protozoans (2) Ciliated protozoans
Q.4 Which of these statements about dinoflagellates is false? (3) Sporozoans (4) Amoeboid protozoans
(1) They possess two flagella.
(2) Some cause red tides. Q.13 Members of which kingdom have cell walls and are all
(3) Their walls are composed of cellulose plates. heterotrophic?
(4) Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor, and are (1) Plantae (2) Fungi
mined to serve as a filtering material. (3) Animalia (4) Protista
Q.5 What is the primary role of a mushroom's underground Q.14 Cyanobacteria are
mycelium? (1) photoautotrophs
(1) absorbing nutrients (2) anchoring (2) photoheterotrophs
(3) sexual reproduction (4) asexual reproduction (3) chemoautotrophs
(4) chemoheterotrophs that perform decomposition.
Q.6 The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi
are Q.15 Asexual reproduction in fungi is carried out by
(1) composed of hyphae (2) referred to as a mycelium. (1) conidia (2) dikaryotic hyphae
(3) usually underground. (4) 1, 2, and 3 (3) ascospores (4) basidiospores
Q.7 In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow Q.16 All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong to –
plasmogamy, which consequently (1) Monera (2) Protista
(1) means that sexual reproduction can occur in (3) Fungi (4) Bacteria
specialized structures.
(2) results in multiple diploid nuclei per cell. Q.17 In Whittaker’s five kingdom system of classification,
(3) allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time. eukaryotes are distributed among
(4) results in heterokaryotic or dikaryotic cells. (1) two kingdoms (2) three kingdoms
Q.8 Members of this phylum produce two kinds of haploid (3) four kingdoms (4) all the five kingdoms.
spores, one kind being asexually produced conidia:
(1) Zygomycota Q.18 Which of the following statements is correct regarding
(2) Ascomycota sexual reproduction in Basidiomycetes?
(3) Basidiomycota (1) Plasmogamy occurs by the fusion of two somatic cells
(4) Glomeromycota of different strains.
(2) Karyogamy and meiosis occur in the basidium
Q.9 This phylum contains the mushrooms, shelf fungi, and producing four basidiospores.
puffballs: (3) Basidiospores are exogenously produced on the
(1) Zygomycota (2) Ascomycota basidium.
(3) Basidiomycota (4) Glomeromycota (4) All of these
Q.10 In what structures do both Penicillium and Aspergillus Q.19 The five kingdom classification was proposed by
produce asexual spores? (1) R.H. Whittaker (2) [Link]
(1) asci (2) zygosporangia (3) A. Roxberg (4) Virchow
(3) rhizoids (4) conidiophores
1
Q.20 Slime moulds are (2) Presence of low molecular weight RNA in virus but
(1) photosynthetic protists (2) saprophytic protists absent in viroid
(3) both (1) and (2) (4) none of these (3) Both 1 and 2
(4) None of the above
Q.21 Mycoplasmas are classified under which of the following
kingdoms? Q.31 Given figure is of A
(1) Monera (2) Protista filamentous blue green alga
(3) Fungi (4) Plantae Nostoc. Identify the parts B
marked as A and B and select
Q.22 Organisms living in salty areas are called as the correct option.
(1) Methanogens (2) Halophiles
(3) Heliophytes (4) Thermoacidophiles
Q.23 An association between roots of higher plants and fungi is
called A B
(1) Lichen (2) Fern (1) Heterocyst Mucilaginous sheath
(3) Mycorrhiza (4) BGA (2) Vegetative cell Mucilaginous sheath
(3) Trichomes Cell wall
Q.24 Which of the following groups of organisms are included (4) Mucilaginous sheath Heterocyst
under chrysophytes?
(1) Diatoms and desmids (golden algae) Q.32 Which out of the following is a ciliated protozoan?
(2) Diatoms and dinoflagellates (1) Plasmodium vivax (2) Amoeba proteus
(3) Euglenoids (3) Paramoecium caudatum (4) Leishmania donovani
(4) Slime moulds
Q.33 Which one of the following is an incorrect pair?
Q.25 A dikaryon is formed when (1) Louis Pasteur – Coined the term 'vaccine'
(1) Meiosis is arrested (2) Beijerinck – Contagium vivum fluidum
(2) The two haploid cells do not fuse immediately (3) Ivanowsky – Discovered retroviruses
(3) Cytoplasm does not fuse (4) Stanley – Crystallised TMV
(4) None of the above
Q.26 Bacteria are grouped under four categories according to Q.34 With respect to fungal sexual cycle, choose the correct
their shape. Study the given figures and select the correct sequence of events
option regarding this. (1) Karyogamy, Plasmogamy and Meiosis
(2) Meiosis, Plasmogamy and Karyogamy
(3) Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and Meiosis
Spore F la g e llu m (4) Meiosis, Karyogamy and Plasmogamy
(1) A-Cocci, B-Bacilli, C-Spirilla, D-Vibrio
(2) A-Spirilla, B-Bacilli, C-Vibrio, D-Cocci D Q.35 Cyanobacteria are classified under which of the following
A B C
(3) A-Bacilli, B-Spirilla, C-Vibrio, D-Cocci kingdoms?
(4) A-Bacilli, B-Spirilla, C-Cocci, D-Vibrio (1) Monera (2) Protista
(3) Algae (4) Plantae
Q.27 Which of the following classes of Fungi are characterised
by the presence of coenocytic, multinucleate and branched Q.36 Which of the following organisms have been placed under
mycelium? kingdom Protista?
(1) Basidiomycetes (2) Phycomycetes (1) Chrysophytes and dinoflagellates
(3) Ascomycetes (4) Deuteromycetes (2) Euglenoids
(3) Slime moulds and protozoans
Q.28 Contagium vivum fluidum was proposed by (4) All of these
(1) D.J. Ivanowsky (2) M.W. Beijerinek
(3) Stanley (4) Robert Hook Q.37 Select the pair that consists of viral diseases.
(1) Mumps and small pox (2) Herpes and influenza
Q.29 Red tides in warm coastal water develop due to the (3) Pneumonia and syphilis (4) Both (1) and (2)
abundance of
(1) dinoflagellates (2) euglenoids Q.38 Fungi show asexual reproduction by all of the following
(3) diatoms and desmids (4) slime moulds kinds of spores except
(1) conidia (2) oospores
Q.30 Difference between Virus and Viroid is (3) sporangiospore (4) zoospores
(1) Absence of protein coat in viroid but present in virus
2
Q.39 _____ bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such Trichoderma
as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia, and use the released B. Ascomycetes 2. Agaricus and
energy for ATP production. They play an important role in Ustilago
recycling of nutrients (N, P, Fe, S etc.). C. Basidiomycetes 3. Aspergillus,
(1) Photosynthetic autotrophic Claviceps and
(2) Chemosynthetic autotrophic Neurospora
(3) Parasitic D. Deuteromycetes 4. Mucor, Rhizopus
(4) Saprophytic and Albugo
Codes
Q.40 Members of phycomycetes are found in (1) A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
i. Aquatic habitats (2) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
ii. On decaying wood (3) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
iii. Moist and damp places (4) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
iv. As obligate parasites on plants
Choose from the following options Q.44 Chief producers in oceans are
(1) None of the above (2) i and iv (1) golden brown algae (2) diatoms
(3) ii and iii (4) All of the above (3) dinoflagellates (4) euglenoids
Q.41 Consider the following statements.
I. Kingdom-Protista forms a link between monerans and Q.45 Cuscuta is a
the other organisms like plants, animal and fungi. (1) parasite (2) pathogen
II. Protists reproduce asexually and sexually by a process (3) saprophytic (4) fungus
involving cell fusion and zygote formation.
III. Being eukaryotes, the protistan cell body contains a
well defined nucleus and other membrane-bound
organelles.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(1) I and II (2) I and III
(3) II and III (4) I, II and III
Q.42 Kingdom-Animalia includes
(1) heterotrophic organisms
(2) eukaryotic organisms
(3) multicellular organism
(4) All of these
Biology Topic : Biological Classification
[SOLUTIONS]
(1) (2) (2) (2) (3) (2) (4) (4)
(5) (1) (6) (4) (7) (4) (8) (2)
Q.43 Match the following columns. (9) (3) (10) (4) (11) (3)
Column I Column II
A. Phycomycetes 1. Alternaria and
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(12) (1). Flagellated protozoans: The members of this group cytoplasm (plasmogamy) is not immediately followed
are either free-living or parasitic. They have flagella. by fusion of nuclei (karyogamy), i.e., there is a delay
The parasitic forms cause diaseases such as sleeping between them. Such cells are called dikaryotic cells.
sickness. Example: Trypanosoma. This condition is found in higher fungi where
(13) (2) (14) (1) karyogamy is delayed (with respect to plasmogamy)
(15) (1). Conidia are asexual spores produced by mitosis in the and is called dikaryophase.
haploid hyphae of many fungi. Ascospores, (26) (3). Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on
basidiospores, and zygospores are sexual spores their shapes: the spherical coccus (pl.: cocci), the rod-
produced by meiosis following karyogamy in shaped bacillus (pI.: bacilli), the comma-shaped
ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and zygomycetes, vibrium (pI.: vibrio) and the spiral spirillum (pl.:
respectively. Dikaryotic hyphae have unfused nuclei spirilla).
from two strains and subsequently undergo karyogamy (27) (2).
followed by meiosis and the production of sexual (28) (2). Martinus William Beijernick (a Dutch microbiologist
spores. and botanist) gave a phrase, "Contagium vivum
(16) (2). The kingdom Protista (Gk. protistos = first of all) was f1uidum" (Latin: "contagious living fluid"), to describe
proposed by Ernst Haeckel (1866). All single-celled a virus. He underlined its (virus's) ability to slip
eukaryotes are placed in kingdom Protista. through the finest mesh filters then available, giving it
Phylogenetically thekingdom Protista acts as a almost liquid properties.
connecting link between the prokaryotic kingdom - (29) (1).
Monera on one hand and the complex multicellular (30) (1). Viroids are smallest known agent of infectious
kingdoms - Fungi, Plantae and Animalia on the other diseases. They lack capsid as well as proteins (that are
hand. Protista are regarded as ancestors of all present in virus) and consist of only single stranded
multicellular eukaryotic organisms. RNA. An example of the disease they cause is potato
(17) (3). In Whittaker’s five kingdom system of classification, spindle tuber disease (PTSD).
eukaryotes are distributed among four kingdoms: (31) (1). Nostoc occurs in both aquatic and subaerial habitats. A
Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia. Kingdom dense mucilage covering (labelled as B in the given
Monera includes all prokaryotes e.g., mycoplasma, figure) is present on the outside. Eachtrichome is
bacteria, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria (blue green beaded, S-shaped and consists of a large number of
algae). vegetative cells, a few terminal and intercalary large
(18) (4). pale coloured heterocysts (labelled as A in the given
(19) (1). In order to develop phylogenetic classification, R.H. figure) and thick-walled resting cells called akinetes.
Whittaker (1969), an American taxonomist, divided all Heterocysts are specialised to perform nitrogen
the organisms into five kingdoms. Whittaker's five fixation.
kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi and (32) (3). Paramoecium is a free living ciliate which is found in
Animalia. fresh water. Most widely distributed species are
(20) (2). Slime moulds do not have chlorophyll. They are Paramoecium caudatum and Paramoecium aurelia.
surrounded by the plasma membrane only (somatic The cilia of the extreme posterior end are longer and
parts are without cell walls). The slime moulds live form a bunch called caudal tuft.
usually amongst decaying vegetation. They are quite (33) (3). D.J. Ivanowsky discovered that the cause of tobacco
common on lawns and moist fields. They exhibit wide mosaic disease could pass through a porcelain filter.
range of colouration. They have phagotrophic or Temin and Baltimore discovered retrovirus and the
saprotrophic nutrition. Both asexual and sexual modes phenomenon of Teminism in 1972.
of reproduction are found. They produce spores within
sporangia. A spore possesses a cell wall of cellulose. (34) (3). In fungi, sexual reproduction involves the formation
(21) (1). and union of two gametes or their nuclei. Sexual
(22) (2). Halophiles are a type of archaebacteria which occur in reproduction is absent in the artificial group of fungi
salt rich substrata (2.5-5.0 M) like salt pans, salt beds called fungi imperfecti or Deuteromycetes. Depending
and salt marshes e.g., Halobacterium, Halococcus. upon the compatibility in sexual reproduction, fungi
They are aerobic chemoheterotrophs. Their cell are of two types - homothallic and heterothallic. In
membranes have red carotenoid pigment for protection heterothallic forms, sexual reproduction involves
against harmful solar radiation. fusion between two genetically different mating types.
In homothallic forms, fusion occurs between
(23) (3). An association between roots of higher plants and genetically similar types. Fusion involves the union of
fungus is called mycorrhiza. The association is cytoplasms as well as nuclei. The former is called
mutually beneficial for both of them. plasmogamy while the latter is called karyogamy. In
(24) (1). higher fungi, karyogamy is delayed and occurs just
(25) (4). Dikaryon is a stage/phase of a cell, in which, there are before meiosis.
two nuclei. This condition arises, if fusion of
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(35) (1). Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are Gram + the help of energy derived from exergonic chemical
photosynthetic prokaryotes which perform oxygenic reactions involving oxidation of an inorganic
photosynthesis. Photosynthetic pigments include substance present in the external medium. The
chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycobilins. chemical energy obtained from oxidation reaction is
Cyanobacteria are classified under kingdom Monera. trapped in ATP molecules. This energy is then used in
Cyanobacterial cell structure is typically prokaryotic - carbon assimilation with the help of hydrogen brought
one envelope organisation with peptidoglycan wall, from sources other than water. There are several types
naked DNA, 70S ribosomes and absence of membrane of chemoautotrophic bacteria but the well known
bound structures like endoplasmic reticulum, examples are nitrifying bacteria, sulphur oxidising
mitochondria, Golgi bodies, plastids, lysosomes, sap bacteria and iron bacteria.
vacuoles. The outer part of the protoplast, called (40) (4). Phycomycetes are the group of fungi which is
chromoplasm, contains a number of photosynthetic characterized by aseptate and coenocytic mycelium.
thylakoids. They can live in a wide variety of habitat. They can be
(36) (4). The kingdom Protista has been broadly divided into aquatic or saprotrophic or parasitic or could be living
three main groups: in moist and damp places. Some examples of
(i) Photosynthetic Protists (Protistan Algae) e.g. phycomycetes are Rhizopus (black bread mould),
Dinoflagellates, Chrysophytes and Euglenoids Mucor (dung mould), Albugo (parasitic).
(ii) Consumer-Decomposer Protists (Slime Moulds) (41) (4). Phylogenetically the kingdom-Protista acts as a
(iii) Protozoan Protists connecting link between the prokaryotic kingdom-
Euglenoids are Euglena like unicellular flagellates Monera on one hand and the complex multicellular
which possess pellicle instead of cell wall. kingdoms-Fungi, Plantae and Animalia on the other
Chrysophytes include diatoms and desmids. They hand. Protists reproduce asexually and sexually by a
belong to the division Chrysophyta/Baciliariophyta. process involving cell fusion and zygote formation.
The dinoflagellates belong to division Pyrrophyta and Eukaryotes means true nucleus bearing organisms.
class Dinophyceae. Slime moulds possess the (42) (4). The kingdom-Animalia includes sponges, corals,
characters of both animals and fungi and, therefore, worms, insects, snails, star fishes, bony fishes, frogs,
they are commonly called fungus-animals. lizards, snakes, twitles, crocodiles, birds and
(37) (4). Viral diseases can be classified as follows: mammals. These organisms are heterotrophic,
(i) Plant viral diseases: Potato mosaic, pumpkin mosaic, multicellular, eukaryotes without chlorophyll.
apple mosaic, tulip mosaic (broken tulip), bhindi Heterotrophic organisms cannot synthesise its own
yellow vein mosaic, potato leaf roll, papaya leaf curl, food and is dependent on complex organic substances
banana bunchy top, tomato bunchy, rice tungro, etc. for nutrition.
(ii) Animal viral diseases: Foot and mouth, rinderpest, (43) (3). Phycomycetes : Mucor, Rhizopus & Albugo
ranikhet or new castle of fowl, bird flu, etc. Ascomycetes : Aspergillus, Claviceps and Neurospora
(iii) Human viral diseases: Measles, smallpox, mumps, Basidiomycetes : Agaricus and Ustilago
poliomyelitis, rabies, hepatitis, dengue, encephalitis, Deuteromycetes : Alternaria & Trichoderma
AIDS, common cold, flu, herpes, SARS (severe acute (44) (2). Diatoms are very important photosynthesisers. About
respiratory syndrome), bird flu (H5NI), Swine flu half of all the organic matter synthesised in the world
(H1N1), etc. is believed to be produced by them. Though
(38) (2). Asexual reproduction in fungi occurs through the microscopic, diatoms are an important source of food
formation of spores. Spores are single-celled to aquatic animals.
propagules which separate from the parent organism (45) (1). Cuscuta is a parasitic plant. It has no chlorophyll and
and can get dispersed. They may be motile or cannot make its own food by photosynthesis. Instead,
nonmotile, naked, thin-walled or thick-walled. it grows on other plants using their nutrients for its
Asexually produced spores (or mitospores) resemble growth and weakening the host plant.
the parent body in having the same sets of
chromosomes or genomes, e.g., zoospores,
sporangiospores, chlamydospores, oidia, conidia, etc.
Sexually produced spores (or meiospores) are
produced after meiosis in some fungi e.g. ascospores,
basidiospores. Oospore is the product of sexual
reproduction.
(39) (2). Chemoautotrophic bacteria or chemosynthetic
autotrophic bacteria are able to manufacture their
organic microfood from inorganic raw materials with
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