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Key Numerical Methods and Solutions

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Arsh Akhtar
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2 views2 pages

Key Numerical Methods and Solutions

Uploaded by

Arsh Akhtar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Numerical Methods - Important Solved Problems

1. Newton-Raphson Method

Find the root of f(x) = x² - 5x + 2 = 0.

f'(x) = 2x - 5

Formula: x■■■ = x■ - f(x■)/f'(x■)

Initial guess x■ = 0.5

Root ≈ 0.438 (exact roots: (5 ± √17)/2)

2. Integral

∫ 1/(1 - x²) dx = (1/2) ln|(1 + x)/(1 - x)| + C

3. Lagrange's Interpolation

x: 5, 6, 9, 11

y: 12, 13, 14, 16

Find y when x = 10.

Formula: f(x) = Σ [ y■ × Π (x - x■)/(x■ - x■) ]

4. Newton’s Divided Difference

Given: f(0)=2, f(1)=-3, f(2)=-12, f(3)=147

Find f(4) using Newton’s divided difference formula:

f(x) = f(x■) + (x - x■)f[x■,x■] + (x - x■)(x - x■)f[x■,x■,x■] + ...

5. Newton’s Forward Difference

x: 24, 28, 32, 36

y: 2854, 3162, 3544, 3992

Find y(25).

h = 4, Formula: y■ = y■ + p∆y■ + p(p-1)/2! ∆²y■ + ...

where p = (x - x■)/h.

6. Bisection Method
f(x) = x³ - 2x + 3

f(-2) = -1, f(-1) = 4 ⇒ Root between [-2, -1]

After iterations: Root ≈ -1.875

7. Missing Term (Finite Differences)

x: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

y: 1, 3, 9, ?, 81

Use finite differences to find missing y at x=3.

Assume ∆■y = 0 (since polynomial of degree 3).

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