FORMULATION & EVALUATION OF TOOTHPASTE
AIM: To prepare, evaluate and submit 20 gm of Toothpaste
REQUIREMENTS
APPARATUS-Mortar & Pestle, sieve, Glass rod, measuring
cylinder and beaker
CHEMICALS-Calcium carbonate, Sodium lauryl sulphate,
Peppermint oil, Sodium saccharin, Sodium benzoate, glycerin,
water
INTRODUCTION
Toothpaste is a dentifrice used to clean, maintain and improve
the health of teeth. Toothpaste is mainly used to promote oral
cleanliness and also acts as an abrasive that helps to prevent the
dental plaque and food particles from the teeth, aids in the
removing and/or veiling of halitosis, and releases active
ingredients such as fluoride to aid in preventing tooth and gum
disease (eg. Gingivitis)
Toothpastes are complex mixtures of abrasives and surfactants;
anticaries agents, such as fluoride; tartar control ingredients; pH
buffers; humectants (to prevent dry-out and increase the pleasant
mouth feel); and binders, to provide consistency and shape.
Binders keep the solid phase properly suspended in the liquid
phase to prevent separation of the liquid phase out of the
toothpaste. They also provide body to the dentifrice, especially
after extrusion from the tube onto the toothbrush. It is the
responsibility of the oral care professional to understand the
ingredients in toothpastes and direct patients to different
products based upon their individual needs
Ideal properties of toothpaste:
Good abrasive effect
Non irritant and non toxic
Impart no stain in tooth
Keep the mouth fresh and clean
Prolonged effect
Cheap and easily available
PRINCIPLE: The preparation of toothpaste is based on the
formulation of a stable, homogenous, and effective semisolid
dosage form that ensures oral hygiene through mechanical and
chemical actions. Each ingredient in the toothpaste formulation
serves a specific and essential function. Calcium carbonate acts
as an abrasive, helping to mechanically remove plaque and
debris from the teeth. Sodium lauryl sulfate functions as a
detergent and foaming agent, aiding in the cleaning process and
ensuring even distribution of the paste. Glycerin serves as a
humectant, retaining moisture and preventing the paste from
drying out. Sodium benzoate is included as a preservative to
inhibit microbial growth and extend the product’s shelf life.
Sodium saccharin is used as a sweetening agent to improve the
taste and enhance user acceptability. Clove oil, the active
ingredient, provides anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,
contributing to oral health. Finally, peppermint oil is added as a
flavoring agent to enhance freshness and palatability, making
the toothpaste pleasant to use
PROCEDURE:
Preparation of toothpaste
The solid ingredients calcium carbonate, sodium lauryl
sulfate, glycerin, sodium benzoate, and sodium saccharin
were weighed accurately as mentioned in the formula and
was sieved with sieve no. 80 to maintain the particle size.
These ingredients were also mixed in a mortar and pestle,
then triturated with precisely weighed glycerin until a
semisolid substance was created and clove oil is added.
At the end, peppermint oil was added as a flavor.
Formula:
S. No. Products Quantity (gm) Use
1 Clove oil (active 2 ml Anti-
ingredient) inflammatory
2 Sodium lauryl sulfate 1.5 gm Detergent and
foaming agent
3 Sodium benzoate 0.1 gm Preservative
4 Sodium saccharin 0.2 gm Sweetening
agent
5 Glycerine 40 ml Humectant
6 Calcium carbonate 44 gm Abrasive
7 Peppermint oil q.s. Flavoring
agent
EVALUATION
Physical examination: (color, odor, taste, smoothness, and
relative density) The color of the toothpaste was assessed
visually. Smelling the product has revealed the presence of odor.
The taste of the formulation was tested manually. The
smoothness of the paste formulation was verified by rubbing it
between the finger.
Formability: The foaming power (flammability) of toothpaste
was measured by mixing 2g of toothpaste with 5 ml water in a
measuring cylinder and it was shaken 10 times. The total
volume of foam was calculated.
pH: To make a 50% aqueous suspension, 10 grams of
toothpaste was poured from the container into a 50 mL beaker
and add 10 mL of freshly boiled and cooled water was added (at
270℃). To ensure a complete suspension, it was stirred
thoroughly. Using a pH meter, pH of the suspension was
determined in 5 minutes.
Determination of spreadability: Slip and drag characteristics
of paste were used to determine the spreadability technique.
About 1-2 g of toothpaste was weighed and placed between two
glass slides (10 x 10 cm) that were stacked one on top of the
other (no sliding was allowed), and the slides were moved in
opposing directions. After 3 minutes, the amount of toothpaste
was measured that has spread (in cm)
Determination of grittiness:
The paste was extruded about 15-20mm length from collapsible
tube on a butter paper. The paste was tested by pressing it along
its entire length by finger for the presence of hard and sharp
edged abrasive particles.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sl no Parameter Observation
1 Color
2 Odor
3 Texture
4 Foam ability
5 pH
6 Spreadability (cm)
7 Grittiness
CONCLUSION:
REFERENCES
1. Formulation & Evaluation of Toothpaste using Clove
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews
(2024)
2. Formulation and Evaluation of Toothpaste for Sensitivity
International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical
Sciences Archive (2024)
3. Formulation and Comparative Standardization of Toothpaste
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research
(2018)