EXAM-Chemistry of Life (p.
1-9)
Date:
AP Biology
C1. Which of the following is responsible for the cohesive property of water"
a) Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atoms of two adjacent water molecules
Covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms of two adjacent water molecules Hydrogen bonds
between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another
water molecule Covalent bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a
hydrogen atom of another water
molecule Hydrogen bonds between water molecules and other types of molecules
2. Many fabrics are coated with a "water-repellent" chemical that causes water to bead on the
soaking in. This probably occurs because
fabric instead of GCOM is rot polar
a the coating is neutral, and therefore repels water, which is also neutral.
(b) the coating has positive charges that repel the positively charged ends of the water
molecules and also has negative charges that repel the negatively charged ends of the water
molecules.
the coating is a polar substance that repels the negatively charged ends of the water molecules.
the coating is a nonpolar substance that repels the positively charged ends of the water
molecules.
the coating is a nonpolar substance and repels the polar water molecules.
Pd:
3. One difference between (12C) and (1C) is that carbon-14 has
two more protons than carbon-12.
two more electrons than carbon-12.
two more neutrons than carbon-12.
A and C only
B and C only
4. Which of the following describes any reaction that has reached chemical equilibrium?
a) The concentration of the reactants equals the concentration of the products. The rate of the
forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
All of the reactants have been converted to the products of the reaction.
All of the products have been converted to the reactants of the reaction.
Both the forward and the reverse reactions have stopped with no net effect on the concentration
of the
reactants and the products.
5. What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?
Covalent bonding involves only the outer electron shell; ionic bonding also involves the next
inner electron shell.
b) In a covalent bond, the partners have identical electronegativity; in an ionic bond, one of them
is more
electronegative. Covalent bonds form between atoms of the same element; ionic bonds,
between atoms of different elements.
d) In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partner
captures an electron from the other.
In covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells; in ionic bonding, one
partner
does and the other does not.
6. Which statement about bonding and compounds is incorrect?
a) lonic solids are also called salts and are not electrolytes when in the solid crystalline form. b)
Bond polarity is determined by the AEN and if the atoms have similar values of EN, the
molecule is
considered nonpolar.
Polar bonds are formed from unequal sharing of electrons in a chemical bond
Nonpolar bonds are formed when cations and anions form a Coulombic (electrostatic) attraction.
If a bond is polar we use a dipole arrow or partial charges (8 and 8) to indicate which atom has
larger EN.
7. The Jagran the right shows the conversions of merit is passed m one organism to another.
Which of the following datements bed deurbes how rasch as cabbits obtain the Carbon
necessary for building ological molecules?
Rabbits eat plants and une energy absorbed from the plants make carbon atoma from electrom,
protons, and neutrons in the air
by Rabbits eat plants and break down plant molecules to obtain carbon and other atoms that
they rewrange into new carbon- containing molecules.
of Rabbits eat plants and use water absorbed from the plants to hydrolyze, which the rabbits
breathe in from the ait and use as a carbon source
in the cells of their leaves. Rabbits eat plants and make carbon-containing molecules by using
carbon atoms that the plants absorbed from the soil and stored
8. A typical bag of fertilizer contains high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium but
trace amounts of magnesium and calcium. Which of the following best matches the fertilizer
component with the molecule in which it will be incorporated by organisms in the area?
Nitrogen will be incorporated into nucleic acids Phosphorus will be incorporated into amino
acids,
BE
c) Potassium will be incorporated into lipids.
+P AN CHO- N
d) Magnesium will be incorporated into carbohydrates.
9. A radioactive sample has a half-life of 5.0 min. What fraction of the sample is left after 20
min?
a) 75%
50%
25%
d) 12.5%
6.25%
100%
-50%
5.000
-2.51125762
22
10. If 0.01 mol of a strong acid is added to water, the pH will drop from 7 to 2. If the same
amount of acid is added to a human circulatory system, the pH would decrease a small amount
from 7.4 to 7.3. Which of the following does not account for this difference?
Blood contains a buffer whereas pure water does not.
by The carbonic acid (H₂CO;) and bicarbonate ion (HCO;) system in blood, works to minimize
changes
in pH by adjusting the amount of H' and OH.
There is a weak acid in blood that helps to establish equilibrium and maintain homeostasis.
Immune cells in the blood attack acids but in water there are no protections.
11. Water and ammonia interact to form hydrogen bonds, as represented in the figure
to the right. Which statement best helps explain the formation of the hydrogen bond?
Ö-HN-H
The oxygen has a partial positive charge, and the nitrogen has a partial
negative charge.
(b) The nitrogen has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen attached to
the oxygen has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bond
The hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial negative charge, and the nitrogen also has a
partial
negative charge.
The nitrogen has a partial positive charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen also has a
partial positive charge.
-A 12 Which of the Following is wrred shout acids and bases?
A neutral system has eqsal number of water molecules, tydrogen jose, anut hydride b) An
cid hat mors hydrogen tons than hydroxide ions 2) An acid is a hydrogen len donor
d) Water is amphiprotic because is acts 4) A base is a hydrogen ion acceptor acts as an arid
and a hate
13. What does "saturated" mean when referring to organic molecules?
Saturated means that the molecule has the maximus manber of cartons Saturated means that
the molocule has the maximum numbe sumber of liydrogens c) Saturated means that the
molecole has the maximum number of oxygena
4) Saturated means that that the molecule has a polyatomic anion and cation.
e) Saturated means that there is an alcohol group.
to the xylem in the stems of 14. The diagram to the right shows how water can adhere to the
plants, which contributes to water movement in the plant. Which of the following best explains
how water is able to move upward from the roots of a plant, through its xylem in the stem, and
out to the leaves
Water is polar, and the walls of the xylem are nonpolar. Water molecules have the ability to form
hydrogen bonds with one another but not with the xylem walls.
by Water is nonpolar, and the walls of the xylem are polar. Water molecules are able to form
hydrogen bonds with the xylem walls, and they are pulled up the xylem Water and the xylem are
both nonpolar. Water molecules have the ability to form
hydrogen bonds with one another but not with the xylem walls. (d) Water and the xylem are both
polar. Water molecules have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other and with the
walls of the xylem.
15. Which statement about organic molecules is true?
a) a hydrocarbon is made up of hydrogen & carbon
b) alkanes are made up of all single bonds
c) an alcohol has an -OH group that replaces a terminal hydrogen all of the above are correct
statements
#16-17 Use the information from the graph on the right
A
16. According to the heating curve, which process is the most endothermic?
125
100
a) Ice melting to become liquid water.
Liquid water evaporating to become vapor.
Water vapor gaining heat and rising in temperature. d) Ice gaining heat and rising in
temperature.
CWall
17. The heating curve represents the relationship between temperature and heat added to
100ml sample of water. Which portion(s) of the graph represents when heat is absorbed and
potential energy increases while the kinetic energy remains constant?
a) line segment AB & CD line segment BC & DE
Temperature (°C)
c) all of the line segments on the graph show an increase in potential energy and kinetic energy
remains the same. d) not enough information.