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Algebraic Structures and Properties

The document discusses algebraic structures, specifically focusing on properties such as closure, associativity, and identity elements within binary operations. It also covers conditional and biconditional statements, truth tables, and logical equivalences. Additionally, it provides examples and proofs related to these concepts.

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shagunkuki
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views9 pages

Algebraic Structures and Properties

The document discusses algebraic structures, specifically focusing on properties such as closure, associativity, and identity elements within binary operations. It also covers conditional and biconditional statements, truth tables, and logical equivalences. Additionally, it provides examples and proofs related to these concepts.

Uploaded by

shagunkuki
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PAGE NO.

:
DATE:

Part -A
4Deliuquoup and semi- qrous
Let (a, *) te am algbic systm uth * hinany
chonatien Then , Ca, )ja cad a qo4s Thu folLng
axim hald :
) ClesuA law beG
Sodentity elesmemt Then ecit an elesmert e
e u c h hat
Qe
Si) Assacatie lawi e a,b, c e tenax Cby c) = (ab) kC
*C.

Cv) tuse elemnent: fn each aEGte exnts an elennent


a en Cou inuens a) uch that aka at

Let S be an nen -enapty st tegtur uita a hinasy sjenatin


dplonsd en S Then, tu algebiic tuctuu (s.*)
JR calo a simigzauh
Aatialied
Le, Q b eS.
) Assaciatiua laus Thl binay openatien
es.

2
Tha statinnal nbea Q fined by axb= ab/y fer
al abtQ Deturnu suhethu opeatin
(a) Conuutatie cb) Arsociatie
a) CewutatuL
Ohenatien cEmncatuue
a b = b7a
and b* a = bq = ab
Cenyeund ond he by
id prapeitieni
becan tue any Diuuntieni
T
cnjnin sapeants Qnd
pa SymbellcalypA
a ad propaitien
inal cenymcticn
The o u catd actualy is
. prepeiitien
Thi caltdcempoum poepeitien
ceate uecan Them uord ti by
sd be
pefpezitiona
cam tue anyand Cenjnctim:
ietienanddijnctin
a tuth aith Deliw
3.
ohatie The
16 16
abe
abe
a
(b*C) ya amdl
aLkoclatiu Chenatien
Assaciatue b)
a by axb Sinc
DATE:
NO. PAGE
PAGE NO,:
DATE:

tun ti peeapaitlen caued the

Tuth table

what s cenditignal and bicenditienalstatesnerrts 2


Cenditienmal Statemnts i

4p them cald a cenditlonal stamint.


andq callud
Thu stadenuatd pi callhd ante teclmt aas

the cem ditienal p i falie cthaise p’qs tru


Tuthtade P P

iA_
Statenmenut statemd hefam pand
Bicenditiannal
called a biconditienal atatement , EÀ
y q'

Tuth table

Q
zino
xcluudkang nsberd atinal
idntity
elta Thu naume
1
aea
e
elesmt i dentity i)
fa
nutipicatien
hola Ausaciatiuitya Asaciatiu )
Thwtsfou
n
cpenatien binany uith
xcludne
Ao nubeA natisnal st tntnat
abelianges pre T6
faru
an nutiblicatien openotion knay uith
exclucng
zo numbeu ational ofset the [Link]
-BPart
centigency calid
a cmtadictin
Logy tato netnaa thatprapeaitin Ctntigncy
Variables
tabe
n caldPlpug)0 A
proporitiern Ctacictienn:
Tautalegy callad pepaiitiea
a Uch
ns Ti ie Teoy cetain tabler tuth Tin
n. atalegy
nd
centtigny? logycertnadictiem taut Llhati
5.
DATE:
NO.: PAGE
PAGE NO.:
DATE:

cv) Cemuttiue: tiblicatien cAnAtatiue farseal


a b = b¥ a

ecam cenclude that

bmany of exotien ptijpliatien form


Ccenmnutative)gauss
Shew tnat me prapeaitieni pq, amd Cn p q a
ogicaly equiraet
Tuthtable
T T

T
T

4T
th thble
T

T
T

pama q a e tue

tuth table That


Shew by
centadictien
PAGE NO.
DATE:

ail ale i last


for certtracictionauu tatemtrts

(paq) (ap Vw)


T

T
T T

Htasct, (paq) (mpy n) i condradiction

P
(PANa)^(p»a)
T T
T T
T

Henca, pawa)a(pq) i centnadlctien.

Pat -C.
Chis Tu st a aticnals tvapt-bnay sheratiPn
a b = Qth abshow that
) ClosUu ket a,beo tatienal

atb+ab

4 ath t ab = -
atb+abtl=O
PAGE NO. :
DATE:

aab)+ (bt) -o
a(tb) (itb) =o
(tb) Cat) =0
But

peLe asociatiw ul aa to prou


QCbxc)=
b* C = b+ c +bc = Xlet)

pt vae

a Gb*c) Q tb tethcit abtac tab c


RHS arb)* C
atbt ab =Ylet)
Y*C =
(ab)C = (o4 bt ab)+c a b4 ab)c
lo b) C = atb ab+ct act bc t abc

hau to preu that he


eeoRchthat

ate+aea
etae =0
eC14a) =0

e =o
PAGE NO.
DATE:

hatthe
elemunt Buch hat 0 a a y a =e
Qa=e

at
a a ) =o
a 4 a) = - a

(1+a)

(I4 ay

binay openatien
grou

2 Constuct tructh table fer each a thu folleng


prepesitiens.
(pva)A CPV)
()
’ (Py) ACPVS)

P PVh
(eva)n(PV)
FH T
T T T
T T
T T T

T T T T
T F
PAGE NO.:
DATE:

P
(Pn(pA)CNpy w)N(Phq) a(Npv NY)
T

T T T T T
T T T T T
T T T T

Shew by tutn tables that the


teuouing fennauuar a
tauto logiu
) (P’) CNPV) Gi) ((p4)a (q’))’ (p)
> cis(Pv) G(NP v )
P
(Pa) (NPVa)
T T

T
T T T T T
T T

) Cp’q)a(a’r)) ’ (P ’)

TT T T T
TTf T T
T T
T T T T T

T T T T

fFT T T T T
T T T
Tf T T

((pq)^ ( ’)’ (p’r)

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