PROBLEM SOLVING IN TEACHING
& LEARNING
By: Tehreem Isshaq
BSN-RN
Nursing Lecturer
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PROBLEM SOLVING
o Problem solving is an instructional method or technique by which
the teacher and pupils attempt in a conscious, planned and
purposeful effort to arrive of some explanation or solution to some
educationally significant difficulty for the purpose of finding a
solution.
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PROBLEM SOLVING
o Students are presented with problems which require them to find
either a scientific or technological solution. It is a student-centered
strategy which require students to become active participants in the
learning process
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PURPOSE PROBLEM SOLVING
o Train the students in the act of reasoning.
o Gain and improve the knowledge
o Solve puzzling question
o Overcome the obstacles in the attainment of objectives.
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PROBLEM SOLVING
o Problem definition :
In this first step, there is a need to write down what exactly the
problem entails, which helps to identify the real problem that is
under study & needs an immediate solution.
o Problem analysis
To analysis how the problem affects the researcher & his or her
current situation & other people involved in the situation.
The gravity of the problem & all the factors that are contributing
to the problem are determined
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PROBLEM SOLVING
o Generating possible solutions
Focus must be on identifying & generating all possible solutions
for a problem. Each potential idea for solution of a problem must
be considered without discarding it through value judgment.
o Selecting the best solutions.
An attempt is made to compare the available solutions, &
eventually the best solutions is selected based on the careful
judgment. Implementing the solutions
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PROBLEM SOLVING
o Implementing the selected solutions
The next step of the problem-solving process is to practically
solve the problem by implementing the selected solutions.
o Evaluation and revision
After implementation of the most potential solution, an
evaluation is made to judge the effectiveness of the solution in
resolving the problem.
It also helps to redefine the problem & revise the problem-
solving process in case the initial solution fails to manage the
problem effectively
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PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
o Problem based learning is student centered leaning strategy in which
students collaboratively solve the problems and this reflects on their
experience. In PBL, The starting point is a problem, a query, or a puzzle
that the learner wishes to solve.
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Goals Of Problem Based Learning
1. Construct an extensive & flexible knowledge base.
2. Foster increased retention of knowledge.
3. Develop effective problem – solving skills.
4. Develop self-direction, lifelong learning skills.
5. Become effective collaborators.
6. Strengthen student’s intrinsic motivation to learn.
7. Develop an ability to identify relevant health problems.
8. Acquire the knowledge base necessary to define the health problem of
the pts.
9. Reinforce the development of effective clinical reasoning process.
10. Recognize, develop & maintain the personal characteristics and attitude.
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ADVANTAGES OF PROBLEM SOLVING
1. Better Thinking
2. Better risk handling
3. Better Communication
4. Increase understanding
5. Increase number of solutions
6. Higher commitment
7. Reduced bias
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NURSING ROLES IN PROBLEM SOLVING
o Identify the problem of patient
o Search for different means to solve the problem
o Make Diagnosis and plans.
o Choose the solution of problem
o Implement the solution
o Check the accuracy of problem solving
THANK
YOU