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Physics Concepts and Examples Guide

The document is a learning module on physics covering various topics such as types of forces, Newton's laws of motion, work and power, energy, momentum, rotational motion, torque, mass and moment of inertia, oscillations, and simple harmonic motion. Each section includes definitions, examples, and sample problems with solutions to illustrate the concepts. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding fundamental physics principles.

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8 views2 pages

Physics Concepts and Examples Guide

The document is a learning module on physics covering various topics such as types of forces, Newton's laws of motion, work and power, energy, momentum, rotational motion, torque, mass and moment of inertia, oscillations, and simple harmonic motion. Each section includes definitions, examples, and sample problems with solutions to illustrate the concepts. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding fundamental physics principles.

Uploaded by

alyzamtienza
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Physics Simplified Learning Module with Examples

1. Types of Forces
- Contact Forces: Friction, Tension, Normal, Applied, Air Resistance, Spring.
- Non-Contact Forces: Gravity, Magnetism, Electrostatic.

Example: When you push a box, you apply an applied force, and friction resists it.
Sample Problem: If a 5 N force pushes a box and friction is 2 N, what is the net force?
Solution: Fnet = 5 N - 2 N = 3 N.

2. Newton’s Laws of Motion


1■■ 1st Law: Objects stay still or move unless a force acts.
2■■ 2nd Law: F = ma.
3■■ 3rd Law: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Example: Jumping off a boat pushes it backward.


Sample Problem: Find acceleration if a 10 N force acts on a 2 kg object.
Solution: a = F/m = 10 / 2 = 5 m/s².

3. Work and Power


- Work: W = Fd
- Power: P = W/t

Example: Lifting a box does work against gravity.


Sample Problem: How much work is done when 20 N lifts an object 3 m?
Solution: W = Fd = 20 × 3 = 60 J.

4. Energy
- Kinetic: KE = ½ mv²
- Potential: PE = mgh
- Conservation: Energy changes form but is never lost.

Example: A rolling ball converts potential to kinetic energy.


Sample Problem: A 2 kg object falls from 5 m. Find PE.
Solution: PE = mgh = 2 × 9.8 × 5 = 98 J.

5. Momentum
- Formula: p = mv
- Law: Total momentum stays the same if no outside force acts.

Example: A car hitting another transfers momentum.


Sample Problem: What is the momentum of a 4 kg ball moving at 3 m/s?
Solution: p = 4 × 3 = 12 kg·m/s.

6. Rotational Motion
- Objects spin around a point.
- v = rω connects linear and rotational speed.

Example: The outer edge of a spinning wheel moves faster than the center.
Sample Problem: If a wheel (r = 0.2 m) spins at 10 rad/s, find v.
Solution: v = rω = 0.2 × 10 = 2 m/s.

7. Force and Torque


- Torque: τ = rF
- More distance = more turning effect.

Example: Using a longer wrench makes turning easier.


Sample Problem: Find torque if a 10 N force acts 0.3 m from pivot.
Solution: τ = 0.3 × 10 = 3 N·m.

8. Mass and Moment of Inertia


- Moment of Inertia (I): I = mr²
- Heavier or wider objects are harder to spin.

Example: A spinning ice skater speeds up by pulling in arms.


Sample Problem: If m = 2 kg and r = 0.5 m, find I.
Solution: I = 2 × (0.5)² = 0.5 kg·m².

9. Oscillations
- Back-and-forth motion.
- Amplitude: Maximum distance.
- Period (T): Time for one cycle.
- Frequency (f): f = 1/T.

Example: A pendulum swings back and forth.


Sample Problem: If one swing takes 2 s, find frequency.
Solution: f = 1/2 = 0.5 Hz.

10. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)


- Repetitive motion with restoring force (F = -kx).

Example: A spring stretches and returns to its starting point.


Sample Problem: A spring (k = 100 N/m) stretches 0.2 m. Find force.
Solution: F = kx = 100 × 0.2 = 20 N.

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