Activity No.1.
Name of the activity: To find the weights of five friends in the dass and find out what their weights would be on
the moon and on Mars.
Introduction: This activity takes the weight of five friends in the class in a representative form and the student's goal
is to find out how the weight of the same friends on the planet Moon, Mars differs from the weight on Earth.
Made to come.
Need and Importance: This activity helps to understand that the weight of objects on different
planets is the gravitation al force exerted by that planet on that object. It can also be seen
how the weight of individuals varies on Earth and other planets. It helps students to understand
weight and Vastuman.
Materials: Scales, children of different weights in the cass, textbook, calculator. etc.
Proceeding: 1) Children of different weights in the dass were weighed using scales.
2) Learn about the gravity of all the planets
Earth's gravity =
9.81
m/s
Gravity on Mars 1.67 m/s 2,
Gravity on the Moon 3.72 m/s2
3) Using the formula a) elgnt Earth X 1.67 9.81 the child's weight on the Moon
b) Weight on Earth X 3.72 Using the formula the weight on Mars was taken
9.81
4) Compare that weight with the weight on Earth and calculate the difference.
5) Obtained the information and prepared the table according to the merits.
BAGWAN SIR ([Link]) Page 1
he weght of chldren on the Floor weight of children
AKr Childreris names
Children's weight on earth
moon
1.67
Ramesh 40 kgs 40X 981 40x1
= 15.16 N
6.80 N
45X2 3.72
2 Sameer 45 kgs 45 x1.57 9.81
7.66 N 17.06 N
50kgs
50 x 50 x
3 Manisha 9.8
= 8.51 N
18.96N
1.6/
Sunita 55 kgs
55X
981 55 X9.81
= 9.36 N
20.85 N
= 60 .67 60 X
5 Anil 60k
10.21 N 22.75 N
(Note: Teachers should use names and weight of children in their class)
Conclusion: The weight of objects on a planet is the gravitational force exerted on that object by that planet and
it is determined from the gravity of the planet..
My Conjecture: This activity shows that the difference in the weight of a child in the class
is due to the different gravity on each planet, and that the gravity of that planet determines the
mass and volume of that planet.
Activity name
Uses of inactive ingredients
Introduction:
nert gases are widely used in everyday life today. These elements
are used in many things and substances in our neighborhood. But the
student is unaware of this. This activity should be done for the purpose of
using this element.
Requirement and Importance: Inert gases are in the syllabus in class
10th, knowing about their use is important for study.
Materials: Mobile with internet, internet browser software.
Proceedings: With the guidance of our guide Mr. Bagwan AS (Sir) and the use of moden
technology ike internet, we students are presenting this activity.
1) Helium (He)
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Helium is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert [Link]
is a chemical element with atomic number [Link] melting point and vaporization
point are the lowest of all elements except at extremely low temperatures. It is found
in air form only
Helium was discovered on August 18, 1868 from the dark yellow
line in the wave plate of the Suns chromosphere. Helium is named
after the Greek word helianus meaning sun. On August 18, 1868,
British astronomer Sir Noman Lockyer, while staying at the Vijaydurg
fort, discovered that the yellow lines around the sun are helium
gas. August 18 is celebrated worldwide as Helium Day.
Properties and Uses:
1) Because of the chemical inertness of helium, it is widely used as a shielding gas
in electrofusion. 2) Helium
is the only one that remains stable at the temperature of hydrogen used as fuel
is gas. Hence it is used in rocket operations. Since helium is non-flammable
t is chosen for refueling in the air.
3) Liquid Helium is used as a refrigerant as it is the coldest substance.
4) Helium is used as a carrier gas in chemical analysis by spectrometry. 5) Since the
mixture of helium and oxygen is lighter than air, it flows more forcefully through
a person's constricted airways and thus supplies oxygen to his lungs more quickly. A
mixture of compressed helium-oxygen instead of compressed (pressurized) air is
useful for submarines if it is used as artificial breathing air. 6)
Helium dating can be used to determine the age of minerals, fossils and rocks.
2) Neon (Ne)
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An inert gas is an element. Chemical symbol is Ne and atomic number is 10 and its atomic
weight is 20. 183. It is an element of zero number. Wiliam Ramsey and M. W. After separating oxygen
and nitrogen from air, Travers discovered a new gas from the remaining inert air and
named it neon. Commercially, neon is extracted from air. However, neon is found in small
amounts in natural gas, some minerals, and meteorites (remnants of meteorites that reach
Earth from outer space). Neon is also found on planets and stars other than Earth.
Usage:
1) Neon is widely used for high energy physics research.
2) It has been found possible to use it in deep sea submarine breathing air
mixture as well as in space travel. A useful property of neon in this
regard is that of helium.
3) 25-40 K. At this temperature it is used as a refrigerant
4) Passing an electric current through neon gas at low pressure produces a bright orangered
light. Such neon discharge tubes are used for advertising purposes.
5) Neon is used as a preventive measure. Also, neon is used for certain types of
electron tubes, in Geiger-Muller equations, as warning lights on high voltage transmission
lines, etc.
3) Agon (Ar)
Chemical element symbol Ar, atomic number (number of protons in the
nucleus) 18, atomic weight 39.942. A colorless, odorless, tasteless
gas that is number three in group zero of the periodic table.
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element The gaseous elements in this group are caled classically inactive (not prone to chemical
reactions) or rare elemernts. However Agon is not really rare in nature. Its liquid point (melting
point)- 1892 cm, boiling point (boiling point) 1857 cm. Vs. Th. Solid- 233'C At temperature 1-65,
critical temperature (the temperature at which gas turns into liquid at maximum pressure)- 122.4
C, critical pressure (pressure exerted on a gas at critical temperature) 48 atmospheres. Critical
density (density at critical temperature and pressure) 0.509. Natural isotopes (species of
the same element with the same atomic number but different atomic weights) have atomic
weights of 40 (99.66%), 38 (0-609%), 36 (0 307%); Atomic charges of synthetic isotopes 35, 37 and
41 Electron configuration (arrangement of electrons in an atom) 2,8,8, His- 185.8 cm. Condensation (joining
of more than one atom) occurs in the colorless liquid at 1893°C. Crystallization takes place
at temp. 100 parts of it in water at 1.2'C. At temperature, 394 parts dissolve. This solubility
(solubility) is more than twice the solubility of nitrogen in water.
Usage
1) Agon is used in many industries due to its chemical inertness and its abundance
in air.
2) Argon is used to fill the light bulb (bulb) to prevent it from
oxidizing, melting or vaporizing the very fine wire of tungsten
metal in the excited light bulb. 3) Modern fluorescent lamps use a
mixture of argon and krypton or argon and neon.
4) The mixture of argon gases helps the lamp to start quickly and to carry the curent
while it is on.
5) The gas filled in the tubes which gives light of green and blue hues contains
gntion.
6) It is used in gas-filled electron tubes (eg, thyratrons).
7) Argon is generally used in the Geiger-Muller equation used to count the number
of charged particles in the atmosphere.
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8) Argon is also used in ionization chambers (devices that detect the presence
of electrically charged particles) used to study cosmic rays (very penetrating rays
coming from outer space) and gamma rays.
9) Nowadays the biggest use of fire is in welding. Here an inert argon
blanket is used to prevent oxidation of the molten metal and the workpiece.
10) Argon is used for inert atmosphere while making silicon and germanium
crystals used for transistors.
11) Argon is used in electrocution of non-ferrous metals. 12) A mixture
of argon and hydrogen is forced through a compressed flame to provide
enough heat to melt aluminum and the flame does not oxidize
the aluminum. 13) Flame fusion uses argon or helium-alloyed argon
as a flux (instead of a lowtemperature melting agent).
14) Argon is used in air protected flame for melting of stainless steel,
aluminium, magnesium, titanium and copper alloys.
4) Krypton: (Kr)
gaseous element chemical symbol Kr; Atomic weight 83.80: Atomic number (number of
protons in the nucleus) 36 Sir Ramsey and Travers discovered this inert gas in
1898. They obtained this by partial distillation (condensation of vapors formed
at different temperatures) of other inert air-mixed liquid argon. It was
given the name 'krypton' (Greek: krypton meaning hidden) because it seemed to be
embedded in this atmosphere.
BAGWAN SIR ([Link]) Page 7
usage
1) Krypton is mainly used to fill electric lamps and various types of electronic
devices
2) Mixtures of krypton and argon to fill fluorescent lamps (fluorescent lamps)
They are very useful.
3) Krypton-filled lamps produce the same amount of light as argon-filled lamps, but last longer.
4) Electric light- Krypton is also used in lamps (lamps that create an electric flame between
two carbon electrodes). The light of such a new lamp can reach 300 m even through fog. can go
up to Hence these types of lights are used to guide the aircraft on the runway at night.
5) radioactive krypton (85) is relatively inexpensive to produce; So it is used in
many places. For leakage testing of airtight containers,
6) Krypton (85) is used to continuously measure the thickness of metal and plastic sheets. Krypton
(85) Long-lasting lamps can be made by radiation.
7) This gas does not stay in the human body for a long time so it can be used in disease diagnosis.
5) Xenon (Xe)
The symbol of this gaseous element is Xe. The atomic number of this gas (the
number of protons in the nucleus) is 54 and the atomic weight is 131.30. Its melting point
-1120 and boiling point -107.10 s 16 radioactive isotopes
(emitting penetrating particles or rays) of xenon and their atomic weights
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121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 138, 139 140 141 143 and 144. These isotopes
are produced during the fission of uranium in a nuclear reactor (reactor), in a particle
accelerator such as a cydotron, or by bombarding an appropriate type of atom with neutrons.
The isotopes produced in significant quantities in nuclear reactors are Xe 133 and Xes with halflives
(the time taken to decay to half of the original activity of radiati on) of 5.3 days and 92 hours,
respectively. Since these isotopes absorb neutrons, they slow down the fission process in
the reactor if they are produced in the reactor.
etc. S. In 1898, William Ramsey and M. W. Similar to neon, Travers discovered this gas by
partially distilling liquid air. They discovered the gases krypton (Greek: hidden) and xenon
(Greek: alien) in the remnants left after the evaporation of liquid air. Allen and Moore later
obtained this gas by partial distillation of a liquid flame.
Usage
1) Xenon is used in fluorescent lamps used for photography. It produces very
shortHived, intense, pure white light and the same phosphor lamp can be used
10,000 times. This phosphor lamp is used in high speed photography.
2) Xenon-filled electric lamps produce light almost as intense as carbon
lamps and are used for film projection.
3) Xenon can quickly absorb radiation (waveform en ergy) like Xrays.
4) Mixture of acetylene and xenon is hit by Xrays, it absorbs them and gives acetylene
and its poly(combination of more than one molecule to form a complex molecule)
takes place.
5) Xenon is relatively highly absorbed in body tissue (cell clusters). If the mixture of 20
percent oxygen and 80 percent xenon is inhaled into the lungs, it quickly causes deep fainting
6) This mixture is useful for cleansing in surgery. By using this mixture, the
patient recovers quickly after the surgery and there are not many bad effects afterwards.
7) As it is non-flammable like ether, ethylene and other cleaners, it does not cause fire
or explosion.
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8) Xenon is injected into the meninges instead of air for encephalography (x-ray imaging
of the brain) to make the Xray image clearer. Also in this test sometimes the
patient suffers from prolonged headache due to the use of air which can be avoided
by the use of xenon.
9) High energy physics uses liquid xenon in a bubble chamber used forthe detection
(detection of the existence) of nuclear particles such as gamma rays, mesons(particle
detectors
10) Xenon gas is used to fill ionization chambers (particle detectors] used in
neutron counters, X-ray counters, air-charged thyretrons electronic
applications| and cosmic rays (very penetrating rays from outer space).
11) Xenon also fills high pressure fluorescent lamps that emit utraviolet (invisible beyond the violet
color of the spectrum).
12) 3 to 5 percent of nuclear reactors where uranium is used as fuel
The decomposition produces xenon (135). Fuel with a stream of helium because it is a neutron absorber
of outsiders if thrown out of the area and played in an enclosed space around the reactor
It is used as a shield to protect against neutrons.
6) Radon (Rn)
t is a radioactive (emitting penetrating particles or rays) gaseous element with symbol Rn and atomic
number (number of protons in an atom) of 86 and atomic weight of 222; The last element in group zero of the
periodic table and is colourless, odoress and colorless; Three of these are natural and 25 are atificial
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Isotopes are known and they are all radioactive. Radon is 75 times heavier than air and more than 100
times heavier than hyd rogen. This gas -61°8 C. (boiling point) liquefies, while 71°C. (melting point)
solidifies. Condensed radon, on further cooling. glows with a dull yellow light and boils at
195C. At this liquefiedair temperature, the color turns orange-red.
Radon (radon-222) was discovered in 1900 by Friedrich Enst Dorn. It was also
formerly known as radium emanation (symbol Em) as it is produced by the radioactive de cay of
radium. From these two older names came the name radon, which was adopted
for all isotopes in 1923; However the name radium emanation is still sometimes
used
Use
1) Sealed vials of radon are used to treat certain types of cancer. Cancer cells die
due to the penetrating gamma rays emitted from them. Sometimes such vials are also
implanted in diseased areas.
2) Neutrons originate in laboratory radon, sometimes mixed with beryllium powder
so used.
3) Radon ( 222) and radon in the study and research of underground and atmospheric air curents
(220) are widely used.
4 Radon (222) is also used to detemine how long aerosols (air suspensions of
very fine particles of liquids or solids) remain in the lower atmosphere.
5) So 1 m below the surface. Radon (220) is well used to study surface
mixing and electrical properties of the atmosphere at high altitudes.
6) It has been suggested that changes in the amount of radon (222) in water in
springs and wells, as well as in soil and rock, can be used to predict
earthquakes.
Conclusion: Looking at the uses of inert gases, this activity brings out the importance
of their place in daily life today.
My Conjecture: This activity helps students a lot to understand the uses of inert
gases and the purposes for which they are used.
BAGWANSIR ([Link]) Page 11
Activity No.3.
Activity Name: Detailed information on various carbon compounds in daily use
Literature:,9th Science Book, Internet Mobile etc
Proceeding 1) Detailed raw information of daily use carbon compounds was collected
through internet and books.
2) Write down all the information in a sequential manner.
1. Diamond
In India, diamonds are ma inly found in Govalkonda
(Karnat aka) and Panna (Madhy a Pradesh). Like India,
diamonds are also found in South Africa, Brazil,
Belgium, Russia, America.
In stucture, ea ch carbon atom is covalently bond ed
to four neighboring carbon a toms. Hence, it exhibits a
solid and quadrangular three-dimen sional structure
- Carbon
Propetes
Briliant and pure diamond is the most natural subs tance
It is hard
a
subs tance.
ne denSIty
or diamond is 3.5g/cm.
3. Melting point is 3500
*C.4. When diamond is heated to 800C in
the pres ence of oxygen, Co is released In this
process, no product is produced except CO.
. Diamond does not dissolve in any
solvent. 16. Hina has no effect of acid / acidity
No. 7.
13.2Struture of carbon a toms in diamond
Diamond s a poor conduc tor of ekcticity because t
has no free electrons.
BAGWAN SIR ([Link]) Page 12
Use
1. Diamonds are used in tools for cutting glass and drilling holes in rock.
2. Diamonds are used to make ornaments.
Diamonds are used in eye surgery instruments.
3.
4. Diamond dust is used to polish other diamonds
5. Diamonds are used to create radi ation shielding windows in space and artificial satelites.
2. Graphite
Graphite is found naturally in Russia, New Zealand, America and India. Graphite was discovered
by NicolasJacques Conti in 1795. The lead used in pencils is made from graphite and day
Structure: In graphite, each carbon aton is bonded
to three other carbon atoms in such a way that it
forms a hexagonal structure. A graphite crystal Carbon
is made up of many pores or layers of atoms. When
pressure is applied, these layers of graphite
collapse on each other. A particle of graphite is
called graphene.
13.3 Sructure of Graphte and Carbon Atoms in Graphite
Properties of Graphite
1. Naturally occuming graphite is black, soft, bnttle and smooth.
2. Graphite is electrically conductive as free electrons move throughout the inner layer.
3. It hasthe ability to float on the paper due to the struct ure of the layers.
4. Graphite has a density of 1.9 to 2.3g/cm.
5. Graphite is insoluble in most solvents.
Uses of Graphite
1. Graphite is used to make lubricants.
2. Graphite is used to make carbon electrodes.
3. Graphite is used in writing pencils.
Graphite is aso used in paints and polishes.
5. Graphite is used in high light arc lamps.
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Buckytube (Carbon Nano Tube)
3. Fullerene
Fullerene is a form of carbon found in nature in small
amounts. Fullerene is found in soot, interstellar clouds,
and in the interstellar space. Buckminster
fullerene (C) is the first example of a fullerene. This
form of carbon was named fullerene after the spherical dome
design by the architect Richard Buckminster Fuller.
Harold, 60 Croteau, Robert Curl, and Richard Smalley were
the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery of the
carbon atomof the fullerene C.
cCCC aC These are some more examples of
fullerenes. These molecules are 1ound in nature in small amounts in soot.
Buckyball (C)
13.5 Structure of fullerenes
properbes Use
1. Fullerene molecules are found in the fom of buckyballs, 1. Fullerenes are used as insulators.
buckytubes 2. Fullerenes are used as catalysts in water
2. Typically 30 to 900 carbons per fullerene molecule purfication
There are atoms. 3. Fullerene exhibits the property of superconductivity
3. Fullerene is soluble in organic solvents. Eg. at a certan temperature
Carbon disufide and chlorobenzene
4 Coal: Coal is a fossil fuel that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
It contains small amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur. It is
found in stable form. It has four types.
Pete lignite Bituminous
Anthracite
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Uses of coal
1. Coal is used as fuel in factories and homes.
2. Coal is used to obtain coke, coal gas and coal tar.
3. Coal is used in thermal power plants to generate electricity.
5 Coke: The pure coal remaining after removing the coal gas from the coal is
called coke.
Uses of coke
1. Used as domestic fuel.
2. They use coke as a stimulant.
3. Water gas (CO+H) and producer gas (CO+H+C0+ creation
N)use coke. in
6. Carbon dioxide:
Pollen formula: C02, pollen mass: 44, melting point-56.60 C
Some more chemical properties of carbon dioxide
1. Passing carbon dioxide through an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide gives sodium carbonate.
(Sodium Carbonate- Washing Soda)
Chemical Reaction Equation 2NaOH +CO, Na,
CO, Ho
2. Passing CO from an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate yields sodium bicarbonate.
(Sodium Bicarbonate- Baking Soda)
Chemical Reaction Equation Na,
cO, + HO CO, 2NaHc0
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Uses of carbon dioxide
1. CO is used to make fizzy drinks.
2. Fixed carbon dioxide (dry ice) is used in refrigerators to cool milk and milk products
and to achieve fog-like effects in cinema-drama.
3. Fire extinguishers use CO, produced by a chemical reaction or kept under pressure
4. Liquid C0 is used to remove caffeine from
coffee. 5. Liquid CO as a solvent is used in state-of-the-art eco-friendly drycleaning
6. CO from the air is used by plants for photosynthesis.
Methane molecular formula CH, molecular weight-
found
1. Natural gas contains about 87% methane gas.
2. It is formed by the decomposition of organic matter in the absence of air.
3. Methane is also found in
biogas. 4. Methane is found in coal mines.
5. Methane gas is found on the surface of marsh, hence it is also called marsh gas.
6. In a laboratory, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is heated to 300'C over a catalyst called nickel.
Methane gas is produced when heated in the
presen ce. 7. Methane in pure fom can be obtained by fractional distillation of natural gas.
Physical properties of methane
1. Melting point of methane is (-182.5 'C).
2. The boiling point of methane is (-161.5°C).
3. This gas is colourless.
4. Density of liquid methane is less than that of water.
5. Methane is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents
like gasoline, ether, alcohol.
6. Methane is a gas at room temperature.
Chermical properties of methane
1. Methane is highly flammable and on burning, reacts with oxygen to give a bluish flame and heat
of 213 kcal/mol is released from this reaction. Methane is a gas that burns completely.
BAGWAN SIR ([Link]) Page 16
Conclusion: Carbon is an important element, carbon is found in more than 90%
of the matter around us.
Mly guess: How important are carbon compounds in everyday life today and why is
this element so important in science considering carbon compounds. hits
the target
BAGWAN SIR ([Link]) Page 17
Activity No. 4.
Activity Name: Sunita William's Space Mission
Introduction: Sunita William is an Indian-origin astronaut who has completed many space missions
Participated in the campaign. She is giving information about the space
misslon she has completed
through this activity. Requirement and Significance: Through this activity one can study the
missions carried out by Sunita William, an Indian astronaut. As a girl/woman this peregami thought
Other girls/women gain confidence through Asha initiative in India.
Materials: Internet, Mobile, Textbook. etc.
Proceedin9 1) Sunita William and her space using internet and textbook
Received information about the campaign.
2) Analyzing the entire intormation with the help of teachers and presenting It in a matter-ot-fact manner.
made
Sunita Williams
Early life
Sunita Williams Born: September 19, AD Born 1965 in Euclid, Ohio.
Her father was Indian-American neuroanatomist Deepak Pandya
and her mother was Slovenian-American Ursuline Bonnie Pandya.
Sunita was the youngest of three siblings; Her brother Jay is
4 years older and sister Deanna Anna is 3 years older.
Education:
Needham High School Needham, 1983.
B.S, Materials Science, U. S. Naval Academy, 1987.
M.S, Engineering Management, Florida Institute of
Technology, 1995.
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Sunita Williams' Journey and Mission to Space Mission.
Military career
Sunita Williams joined the US
Navy in May 1987. He was commissioned
as a Basic Diving Officer
after a six-month temporary assignment
with the Naval Coastal
Systems
Command. He was later commissioned
as a Naval Aviator in July 1989
and played a vital role in relief operations during Hurricane Andrew in
Miami
Florida in September 1992. Later he held the post of pilot. In June 1998, while
stationed at Saipan, he was selected by NASA for a space mission.
NASA Career
Sunita's astronaut candidate training began in August
1998 at the John son Space Center. As of March 2016, Sunita
50 hours
completedatotal of 7 spacewalks totaling
NASA and 40 minutes. Due to more spacewalks, she reached the
7th position in the list of most experienced astronauts.
Selection and campaign tor campaign
As the most experienced astronaut,
she was sent on the 14th mission and
12 mission to the International
Space Station. She holds the record
for the longest space flight (195 days)
by a woman astronaut. Most times (7
times) and longest (50 hours, 40
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minutes) holds the record for being the first woman to walk in space. In 2012, she served as the flight
engineer of the 32nd mission as well as the commander of the 33rd mission
Her thoughts on space missions:
she says
Although others appreciate my record,
I don't feel bad about it. On the
contrary, if one of you participates in the lunar
mission and breaks my record of 60 hours of
space travel, I will be happy with it,
she told the students
present
Floating water dro plets can also damage the
craft. Hence, she humorously portrays how to do personal hygiene tasks like brushing
teeth, bathing etc. n the
absence of water. Space research can solve many of our daily problems. Hence, there
is no question of wasteful expenditure on space missions. I definitely feel that India
should be actively involved in space missions. Ifyou want to pursue a career in space,
she advises that you recognize your creativity and pursue it accordingly.
Even when looking at the earth from space, it never comes to mind that the oceanic countries
of the continents are divided between themselves. She said, "'t is only in front of
this unfathomable faith that we feel so weak:"
Scariest moment
We had to go to the highest point on the space
station and work. Then, while climbing the stairs
to get there, I literally felt a lump in my
stomach. But,I closed my eyes. The body changed
direction and went up the stairs. This
experience
was one of the scariest moments I have ever
experienced.
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A moment to remember
Once I was peering out of a black hole
(spacecraft windows). At that timel saw green light everywhere.
This light was constantly moving. The sight was so wonderful
and heavenly that it seemed as if we had glimpses of
the mysterious power of the universe. Later realized
it was Aura'.
Black Hole
Conclusion: Sunita William joining the space mission and making it successful is the resut
of her tireless hard work. And it's hard to hit the target.
My guess is that if the success stories and brave deeds of adventurous space heroes like Sunita
William reach the students through this initiative, it will help in the formation of future 'Sunita
William.
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