CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
The design for this study was a descriptive survey research design. This design is appropriate for
the study because it elicits information from individuals’ opinions on a given subject .According
to Nworgu (2017), this design is useful to collect data on a given population in order to describe
or present the facts of the population as it is. Ali (2017) maintained that descriptive survey
research design is one in which a group of people or items are studied by collecting and
analyzing data from a few people or items that are representative of the entire group.
3.2 Population of the Study
The population for the study will be carried out in Ilesa West Local Government Area of Osun
State.
3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques
The simple random sampling technique will be used for this study; simple random
sample describes a subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset
has an equal opportunity of being involved. Therefore, the study sample will be made up
of 100 students in the Schools. Four (4) schools will be used for the sample of the study
Twenty students and five teachers will be selected from each school, making a total
number of 80 students and 20 teachers.
3.4 Research Instrument
The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire titled “ Impact of instructional
materials in teaching and learning on the academic performance of students in secondary school..(A Case
Study of Ilesa West Local Government area of Osun State). It is a structured questionnaire. The
questionnaire contained two sections, A and B. Section A of the instrument requested for the
demographic data of respondents such as name of school, age, years of teaching experience,
Qualification, Gender. Section B has 9 items, which sought information on the investigation
Impact of instructional materials in teaching and learning on the academic performance of
students in secondary school.. The answer format that was adopted, in the first item & Second
item is Yes or No in responding to the research questions.
3.5 Validation and Reliability of the Instrument
The research instrument was validated by project supervisor who is an expert in the field
and he also reviewed its language and relevance to the research variables. The supervisor
ensured the instrument's content and face validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of test
results over multiple administrations, while validity indicates how well the test measures what it
is intended to. After reviewing the subject content, the researcher constructed the instrument, and
expert feedback confirmed its reliability and validity.
3.6 Method of Data Analysis
The researcher assembled the copies of the administered questionnaire for analysis.
Simple percentage, chi-square and correlation were used to analyze the data. Responses
gathered from the questionnaire in section A (Bio-data) were analyzed using simple percentage
spread analysis, while in section B data collected on research question and testing of the
hypotheses were analyzed using Chi-Square (X2) analysis.
Mathematically, this is denoted as
X2=¿ ¿
X = chi-square statistic
O = observed frequency
E = expected frequency
3.7 Procedures for data collection
The researcher used direct delivery and retrieval methods for administering the instruments.
After obtaining permission from the school authorities, the researcher personally visited the
selected institutions to distribute the questionnaires to sampled students. Respondents were
assured of confidentiality and briefed on the purpose of the study, with encouragement to answer
the questions honestly. This direct approach ensured smooth administration and a high return rate
of completed questionnaires.