String in Python
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Why are Python Strings Immutable?
• Strings in Python are “immutable” which means they can not be changed
after they are created. Some other immutable data types are integers,
float, boolean, etc.
• message = 'Hola Amigos’
message[0] = 'Q’
• print(message)
• message = 'Hola Amigos'
• # assign new string to message variable
• message = 'Hello Friends'
• print(message); # prints "Hello Friends"
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Creating String in Python
#Using single quotes
str1 = 'Hello Python'
print(str1)
#Using double quotes
str2 = "Hello Python"
print(str2)
#Using triple quotes
str3 = '''Triple quotes are generally used for
represent the multiline or
doc string'''
print(str3)
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Methods of Python String
Methods Description Example
[Link]() Return a copy of the string with its first character “i love my India .capitalize()
capitalized #I love my India
[Link](sub,[,start[,end]]) Returns the lowest index in the string where the
substring sub is found within the slice range of start and
end.
Return -1 substring is not found
[Link]() Return True if the character in the string are string="abc123"
alphanumeric (alphabets or numbers) and there is at str="hello"
least one character, False otherwise. num="123"
special="@"
print([Link]())#true
print([Link]())#true
print([Link]())#true
print([Link]())#false
[Link]() Return True if the character in the string are alphabetic #isalpha()
) and there is at least one character, False otherwise. print([Link]())#false
print([Link]())#true
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Methods of Python String
Method Description Example
[Link]() Return True if all the characters is in the #isdigit()
string are digits. There must be at least one print([Link]())#false
character, otherwise it returns False. print([Link]())#true
[Link]() Return True if all cased character in the string #islower()
are lowercase. There must be at least one print([Link]())#true
cased character. It return False otherwise. print([Link]())#false
[Link]() Return true if there are only whitespaces #isspace()
character in the string s=" python "
print([Link]())#false
s=" "
print([Link]())#true
[Link]() Return True if all cased character in the string #isupper()
are uppercase. There must be at least one print([Link]())#false
cased character. It return False otherwise.
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Methods of Python String
• Methods Description
• upper() Converts the string to uppercase
• lower() Converts the string to lowercase
• partition() Returns a tuple
• replace() Replaces substring inside
• rstrip() Removes trailing characters
• split() Splits string from left
• startswith() Checks if string starts with the specified string
• isnumeric() Checks numeric characters
• index() Returns index of substring
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Python String Length
• greet = 'Hello'
• # count length of greet string
• print(len(greet))
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Access String Characters in Python
• Indexing: One way is to treat strings as a list and use index values. For
example,
• greet = 'hello'
• # access 1st index element
• print(greet[1]) # "e"
• Negative Indexing: Similar to a list, Python allows negative indexing
for its strings. For example,
• greet = 'hello'
• # access 4th last element
• print(greet[-4]) # "e“
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Slicing
• Slicing: Access a range of characters in a string by using the slicing
operator colon :. For example,
• greet = 'Hello'
• # access character from 1st index to 3rd index
• print(greet[1:4]) # "ell"
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String Membership Test
• We can test if a substring exists within a string or not, using the
keyword in.
• print('a' in 'program') # True
• print('at' not in 'battle') # False
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replace()
• text = 'bat ball'
• # replace 'ba' with 'ro'
• replaced_text = [Link]('ba', 'ro')
• print(replaced_text)
• # Output: rot roll
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Python String find()
• The find() method returns the index of first occurrence of the
substring (if found). If not found, it returns -1.
• message = 'Python is a fun programming language'
• # check the index of 'fun'
• print([Link]('fun'))
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find() Return Value
• The find() method returns an integer value:
• If the substring exists inside the string, it returns the index of the first
occurence of the substring.
• If a substring doesn't exist inside the string, it returns -1.
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find() With start and end Arguments
• quote = 'Do small things with great love'
• # Substring is searched in ‘things with great love'
• print([Link]('small things', 10))
• # Substring is searched in ' small things with great love'
• print([Link]('small things', 2))
• # Substring is searched in 'hings with great lov'
• print([Link]('o small ', 10, -1))
• # Substring is searched in 'll things with'
• print([Link]('things ', 6, 20))
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Example: Python String split()
• text= 'Split this string'
• # splits using space
• print([Link]())
• grocery = 'Milk, Chicken, Bread'
• # splits using ,
• print([Link](', '))
• # splits using :
• # doesn't split as grocery doesn't have :
• print([Link](':'))
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Example: split() with maxsplit
grocery = 'Milk#Chicken#Bread#Butter'
# maxsplit: 1
print([Link]('#', 1))
# maxsplit: 2
print([Link]('#', 2))
# maxsplit: 5
print([Link]('#', 5))
# maxsplit: 0
print([Link]('#', 0))
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Python String startswith()
• message = 'Python is fun'
• # check if the message starts with Python
• print([Link]('Python'))
• # Output: True
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How Python title() works?
• text = 'My favorite number is 25.'
• print([Link]())
• text = '234 k3l2 *43 fun'
• print([Link]())
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Python - Modify Strings
• Changing Case
• One of the simplest ways to modify a string is by changing its case using
[Link]() method which converts all characters in the string to uppercase.
• s = "Shagoofi Anjum"
• print([Link]())
• Python String lower() Method
• s = "Shagoofi Anjum"
• # Change all uppercase letters to lowercase
• res = [Link]()
• print(res)
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Python String lstrip() Method
• The lstrip() method removes leading whitespace characters from a
string. We can also specify custom characters to remove from the
beginning/starting of the string.
•s=" Shagoofi Anjum"
• res = [Link]()
• print(res)
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Python String partition() Method
• string = "Python is fun"
• # 'is' separator is found
• print([Link]('is '))
• # 'not' separator is not found
• print([Link]('not '))
• string = "Python is fun, isn't it"
• # splits at first occurence of 'is'
• print([Link]('is'))
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Python String replace() Method
• s = "byee C! Hello Python!"
• # Replace "byee" with "Hi"
• s1 = [Link]("Hello", "Hi")
• print(s1)
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Python String index() Method
• index() With Substring argument Only
sentence = 'Python programming is fun.'
result = [Link]('is fun')
print("Substring 'is fun':", result)
result = [Link]('Java')
print("Substring 'Java':", result)
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Thank you
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