Environmental Science Practical File
Experiment 1: Trend of Temperature, Precipitation, and Climatic Factors
Objective:
To study the trend of five climatic parameterstemperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and air
pressurefor Shyam Lal College using online databases.
Climatic Factors:
1. Average Temperature
2. Precipitation (Rainfall)
3. Relative Humidity
4. Wind Speed
5. Atmospheric Pressure
Data Source:
- [Link]
- [Link]
- World Bank Climate Portal
Time Period Considered: 2015 2024
Conclusion:
Climatic trends reveal seasonal variations and long-term shifts, helping us understand environmental
changes and aiding in planning mitigation strategies.
Experiment 2: Carbon Footprint of Your College
Objective:
To identify the carbon footprint of Shyam Lal College by estimating energy usage, transportation, and waste
generation.
Methodology:
Environmental Science Practical File
- Survey of electricity usage in classrooms, labs, offices
- Estimation of student and staff daily transport (bikes, metro, etc.)
- Analysis of daily waste generation (paper, plastic, organic waste)
Calculation (Example Estimate):
- Electricity use: 50,000 kWh/year = ~40 tons CO2
- Transport emissions (avg 1,000 students): ~60 tons CO2/year
- Waste emissions: ~10 tons CO2/year
Total Estimated Annual Carbon Footprint: ~110 tons CO2
Conclusion:
The college can reduce its carbon footprint by adopting solar energy, encouraging public transport, and
improving waste segregation.
Experiment 3: Acquaintance with Open-Source Databases of Biodiversity
Objective:
To become familiar with major open-source databases used globally to record, access, and study biodiversity
information.
Key Databases:
1. GBIF ([Link]) Global species data and occurrence maps.
2. India Biodiversity Portal ([Link]) Local flora and fauna.
3. iNaturalist ([Link]) Citizen science observations and identifications.
4. IUCN Red List ([Link]) Threat status and conservation data.
Conclusion:
These platforms support biodiversity research and conservation by making real-time ecological data
accessible to all.
Environmental Science Practical File
Experiment 4: Sampling of Plant and Animal Biodiversity of the College Campus
Objective:
To document the plant and animal species found in and around the Shyam Lal College campus through
sampling and observation.
Methodology:
- Surveyed gardens, trees, and pathways
- Identified species using mobile apps (Google Lens, iNaturalist)
Sample Observations:
Plants:
1. Neem (*Azadirachta indica*)
2. Peepal (*Ficus religiosa*)
3. Hibiscus (*Hibiscus rosa-sinensis*)
4. Money Plant (*Epipremnum aureum*)
5. Marigold (*Tagetes erecta*)
Animals:
1. House Crow (*Corvus splendens*)
2. Indian Myna (*Acridotheres tristis*)
3. Garden Lizard (*Calotes versicolor*)
4. Butterfly (*Danaus chrysippus*)
5. Honeybee (*Apis cerana indica*)
Conclusion:
The college campus hosts a variety of flora and fauna, reflecting its ecological balance and green efforts.
Experiment 5: Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Different Countries
Environmental Science Practical File
Objective:
To assess and compare the carbon footprints of various countries using online databases and mathematical
tools.
Data Source:
- World Bank Climate Data
- Our World in Data ([Link])
- UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)
Parameters Considered:
- Total CO2 emissions (in million tons)
- Per capita emissions (tons per person)
- Major emission sources
Sample Data (2023):
| Country | Total CO2 Emissions (Mt) | Per Capita (t) | Major Source |
|---------------|---------------------------|----------------|-------------------------|
| India | 2,800 | 2.0 | Coal power, Transport |
| USA | 5,000 | 15.0 | Industry, Transport |
| China | 10,000 | 7.0 | Industry, Coal energy |
| Germany | 600 | 7.2 | Industry, Heating |
| Brazil | 480 | 2.2 | Transport, Deforestation
Conclusion:
Understanding global carbon footprints helps in framing equitable climate policies and encourages countries
to adopt greener energy solutions.
Experiment 6: Correlation Between Human Population Growth and Environmental & Health Impacts
Objective:
Environmental Science Practical File
To analyze how human population growth correlates with environmental degradation and health challenges.
Key Variables Studied:
- Population growth rate
- Air and water pollution levels
- Urbanization rate
- Incidence of respiratory and water-borne diseases
Data Source:
- WHO (World Health Organization)
- World Bank Population and Environment Indicators
Findings:
1. Rapid population growth increases pressure on natural resources.
2. Urban areas experience higher air pollution and waste generation.
3. Poor waste management in dense areas leads to water contamination.
4. Higher pollution levels contribute to diseases like asthma, bronchitis, diarrhea, etc.
Sample Correlation:
- India: High population growth + urbanization Increased air pollution Rise in respiratory diseases.
- China: Industrial expansion with population growth High PM2.5 levels Public health burden.
Conclusion:
There is a strong positive correlation between population growth and environmental degradation, which in
turn affects public health. Sustainable development and family planning are key to balancing growth and
well-being.