Mathematics Tutorials - Assignment Solutions

Tutorial No. 1
1) Write the following compound statement symbolically:
i) Magnus is in Managashima & Chennai is in Tamilnadu.
Let P : ”Magnus is in Managashima”
Let Q: ”Chennai is in Tamilnadu”
Symbolic form: P ∧ Q
ii) If ∆ABC is right angle at B then m∠A + m∠C = 90◦
Let P : ”∆ABC is right angle at B”
Let Q: ”m∠A + m∠C = 90◦ ”
Symbolic form: P → Q
iii) It is not traditional number but is a square of an integer.
Let P : ”It is traditional number”
Let Q: ”It is a square of an integer”
Symbolic form: ∼ P ∧ Q
iv) Triangle is equilateral or torscale.
Let P : ”Triangle is equilateral”
Let Q: ”Triangle is torscale”
Symbolic form: P ∨ Q
v) Angle is neither acute nor obtuse.
Let P : ”Angle is acute”
Let Q: ”Angle is obtuse”
Symbolic form: ∼ P ∧ ∼ Q

2) Construct the truth table:

[P → (q → r)] ↔ [(P ∧ q) → r]
Solution:

P q r q→r P → (q → r) P ∧q (P ∧ q) → r Final
T T T T T T T T
T T F F F T F T
T F T T T F T T
T F F T T F T T
F T T T T F T T
F T F F T F T T
F F T T T F T T
F F F T T F T T

Tutorial No. 2
dy
1) Find dx
, if:
√
3
x + cos(xy) = x2 − sin(x + y)
Solution:

1
 Differentiate both sides with respect to x:
   
1 −2/3 dy dy
x − sin(xy) y + x = 2x − cos(x + y) 1 +
3 dx dx

Rearrange terms:
1 −2/3 dy dy
x − y sin(xy) − x sin(xy) = 2x − cos(x + y) − cos(x + y)
3 dx dx
dy
Group dx
terms:

dy 1
[−x sin(xy) + cos(x + y)] = 2x − cos(x + y) − x−2/3 + y sin(xy)
dx 3
Final answer:
dy 2x − cos(x + y) − 13 x−2/3 + y sin(xy)
=
dx cos(x + y) − x sin(xy)

2) Differentiate the function sin−1 2x

1+x2

Solution:
Let y = sin−1 1+x
2x


2

Using chain rule:  

dy 1 d 2x
=q ·
dx 2x
1 − 1+x

2 dx 1 + x2
2

Differentiate the fraction:

2(1 + x2 ) − 2x(2x) 2 + 2x2 − 4x2 2 − 2x2
 
d 2x
= = =
dx 1 + x2 (1 + x2 )2 (1 + x2 )2 (1 + x2 )2

Simplify the first term:

s 2 s s s
1 − x2

2x (1 + x2 )2 − 4x2 1 + 2x2 + x4 − 4x2 1 − 2x2 + x4
1− = = = =
1 + x2 (1 + x2 )2 (1 + x2 )2 (1 + x2 )2 1 + x2

Final answer:
dy 1 + x2 2(1 − x2 ) 2
= 2
· 2 2
=
dx 1 − x (1 + x ) 1 + x2

Tutorial No. 3
1) Find adjoint of matrix
 
1 −1 2
A = 3 0 −2
1 0 3
Solution:
Step 1: Find the Cofactor Matrix
- C11 = 0 - C12 = −11 - C13 = 0 - C21 = 3 - C22 = 1 - C23 = −1 - C31 = 2 - C32 = 8 -
C33 = 3

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 Cofactor Matrix:  
0 −11 0
C = 3 1 −1
2 8 3
Step 2: Find Adjoint by transpose
 
0 3 2
adj(A) = C T = −11 1 8
0 −1 3
Final Answer:  
0 3 2
−11 1 8
0 −1 3

2) Solve by inversion method:

x + 2y = 2; 2x + 3y = 3
Solution:
Step 1: Matrix form AX = B
     
1 2 x 2
A= , X= , B=
2 3 y 3

Step 2: Find A−1

|A| = (1)(3) − (2)(2) = 3 − 4 = −1

 
3 −2
adj(A) =
−2 1
   
1 1 3 −2 −3 2
A−1 = adj(A) = =
|A| −1 −2 1 2 −1
Step 3: Solve X = A−1 B
        
−3 2 2 (−3)(2) + (2)(3) −6 + 6 0
X= = = =
2 −1 3 (2)(2) + (−1)(3) 4−3 1
Final Answer:
x = 0, y=1

Tutorial No. 4
1) In ∆ABC, prove that
   
B−C b−c A
sin = cos
2 a 2
Proof:
Step 1: Using Law of Sines:
a b c
= = = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
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 Step 2: Express b − c:
b − c = 2R(sin B − sin C)
Step 3: Use identity for sin B − sin C:
   
B+C B−C
sin B − sin C = 2 cos sin
2 2

Step 4: Substitute:
       
B+C B−C B+C B−C
b − c = 2R · 2 cos sin = 4R cos sin
2 2 2 2

Step 5: Since B + C = 180◦ − A:

   
B+C ◦ A A
cos = cos 90 − = sin
2 2 2

So:  
A B−C
b − c = 4R sin sin
2 2
Step 6: Also, a = 2R sin A = 2R · 2 sin A2 cos A2 = 4R sin A2 cos A2
Step 7: Form the ratio:

4R sin A2 sin B−C sin B−C

b−c 2 2
= =
a 4R sin A2 cos A2 cos A2

Step 8: Rearrange:    
B−C b−c A
sin = cos
2 a 2
Hence Proved.

2) If cot A, cot B, cot C are in A.P., show that a2 , b2 , c2 are in A.P.

Proof:
Step 1: A.P. condition:
2 cot B = cot A + cot C
Step 2: Express cotangents using triangle formulas:
b2 +c2 −a2
cos A 2bc R(b2 + c2 − a2 )
cot A = = a =
sin A 2R
abc

Similarly,
R(c2 + a2 − b2 ) R(a2 + b2 − c2 )
cot B = , cot C =
abc abc
Step 3: Substitute into A.P. condition:

R(c2 + a2 − b2 ) R(b2 + c2 − a2 ) R(a2 + b2 − c2 )

 
2 = +
abc abc abc

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 abc
Step 4: Multiply both sides by R
:

2(c2 + a2 − b2 ) = (b2 + c2 − a2 ) + (a2 + b2 − c2 )

Step 5: Simplify right-hand side:

RHS = b2 + c2 − a2 + a2 + b2 − c2 = 2b2

So:
2(c2 + a2 − b2 ) = 2b2
c2 + a2 − b2 = b2
a2 + c2 = 2b2
Step 6: This shows a2 , b2 , c2 are in Arithmetic Progression.
Hence Proved.

Tutorial No. 5
1) Find the equation of tangent to the curve x2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y + 1 = 0, which
are parallel to x-axis.
Solution:
Step 1: Rewrite the curve equation by completing the square:

x2 − 2x + y 2 − 4y = −1

(x − 1)2 − 1 + (y − 2)2 − 4 = −1
(x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2 = 4
This is a circle with center (1, 2) and radius 2.
Step 2: Tangents parallel to x-axis have slope 0, so they are horizontal lines. For a
circle, horizontal tangents are at y = k ± r, where (h, k) is the center and r is the radius.
Here, k = 2, r = 2, so:

y = 2 + 2 = 4 and y = 2 − 2 = 0

Final Answer:
y = 4 and y = 0

√
2) Find the approximate value of: i) 8.95 ii) tan−1 (0.999)
Solution:
Use√the differential approximation: f (x + ∆x) ≈ f (x) + f ′ (x)∆x.
i) 8.95 √ √
Let f (x) = x. We know 9 = 3, so take x = 9, ∆x = −0.05.
Then f ′ (x) = 2√1 x , so f ′ (9) = 2√1 9 = 16 .
Approximation:
√ 1
8.95 ≈ f (9) + f ′ (9)∆x = 3 + · (−0.05) = 3 − 0.008333... = 2.991666... ≈ 2.9917
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ii) tan−1 (0.999)

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 Let f (x) = tan−1 (x). We know tan−1 (1) = π4 , so take x = 1, ∆x = −0.001.
Then f ′ (x) = 1+x
1 ′ 1 1
2 , so f (1) = 1+1 = 2 .

Approximation:
π 1 π
tan−1 (0.999) ≈ f (1) + f ′ (1)∆x = + · (−0.001) = − 0.0005
4 2 4
π
Using π ≈ 3.1416, 4 ≈ 0.7854:
tan−1 (0.999) ≈ 0.7854 − 0.0005 = 0.7849 radians
Final Answers: √
8.95 ≈ 2.9917
tan−1 (0.999) ≈ 0.7849 radians

Tutorial No. 6
√2x−7 dx
R
1) Evaluate 1+x−1

Solution: √ √
Simplify the denominator: 1 + x − 1 = x
So the integral becomes:
2x − 7
Z Z
√ dx = (2x1/2 − 7x−1/2 )dx
x
Integrate term by term:
2 4 √
= 2 · x3/2 − 7 · 2x1/2 + C = x3/2 − 14 x + C
3 3
Final Answer:
4 3/2 √
x − 14 x + C
3

2) Find the area of region bounded by the parabola y 2 = 16x and the y-axis.
Solution:
The parabola y 2 = 16x opens to the right. The y-axis is the line x = 0.
They intersect when y 2 = 0, so at (0, 0).
Since the parabola is symmetric about the x-axis, find the area in the first quadrant
and double it.
The area bounded by the parabola and the y-axis from y = 0 to y = 4 is given by:
Z 4
Area = 2 xdy
0
y2
From y 2 = 16x, we have x = 16 .
So: Z 4 2 Z 4  4
y 2 2 1 y3 1 64 8
Area = 2 dy = y dy = = · =
0 16 16 0 8 3 0 8 3 3
8
Thus, the area is 3
square units.
Final Answer:
8
3

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Tutorial No. 7
1) Find the area of region bounded between y 2 = 4ax and y = 2x.
Solution:
Find the points of intersection:
y 2 = 4ax and y = 2x
Substitute y = 2x into y 2 = 4ax:
(2x)2 = 4ax ⇒ 4x2 = 4ax ⇒ x2 = ax ⇒ x(x − a) = 0
So x = 0 or x = a.
When x = 0, y = 0; when x = a, y = 2a.
The area between the curves is given by:
Z a
Area = (upper curve − lower curve)dx
0
√ √
For x between 0 and a, the upper curve is y = 4ax = 2 ax and the lower curve is
y = 2x. So: Z a
√
Area = (2 ax − 2x)dx
0
√ √
Note that 2 ax = 2 ax1/2 , so:
Z a a
√ 1/2 √ 2 3/2 4 √ 3/2 a2

2 4
Area = (2 ax − 2x)dx = 2 a · x − x = aa − a2 = a2 − a2 =
0 3 0 3 3 3
2
So, the area is a3 square units.
Final Answer:
a2
3

2) Find the co-ordinates of the points of intersection of the lines represented

by x2 − y 2 − 2x + 1 = 0.
Solution:
Factorize the equation:
x2 − y 2 − 2x + 1 = (x2 − 2x + 1) − y 2 = (x − 1)2 − y 2 = 0
So:
(x − 1)2 − y 2 = 0 ⇒ [(x − 1) − y][(x − 1) + y] = 0
Thus, the lines are:
x − y − 1 = 0 and x + y − 1 = 0
Find their intersection by solving the system:
x − y = 1 and x + y = 1
Add the two equations: 2x = 2 ⇒ x = 1 Substitute into x + y = 1: 1 + y = 1 ⇒ y = 0
So, the point of intersection is (1, 0).
Final Answer:
(1, 0)

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Tutorial No. 8
1) Check whether the vectors x21 + x22 + 3x23 , −3x21 + 3x22 + 2x23 form a triangle or
not.
Solution:
Interpret the vectors based on their coefficients. Let:

⃗u = (1, 1, 3) and ⃗v = (−3, 3, 2)

For two vectors to form a triangle, they must be non-parallel and can be placed
tail-to-tail to form two sides of a triangle, with the third side being ⃗v − ⃗u.
Check if ⃗u and ⃗v are parallel by computing the cross product:

i j k
⃗u × ⃗v = 1 1 3 = i(1 · 2 − 3 · 3) − j(1 · 2 − 3 · (−3)) + k(1 · 3 − 1 · (−3))
−3 3 2

= i(2 − 9) − j(2 + 9) + k(3 + 3) = (−7, −11, 6)

Since the cross product is not zero, the vectors are not parallel. Therefore, they can
form a triangle.
Final Answer: Yes, the vectors form a triangle.

2) Show that the points A(3, 2, −10), B(9, 8, −10), C(2, −3, 1) are collinear.
Solution:
⃗ and BC:
To check collinearity, compute vectors AB ⃗

⃗ = B − A = (9 − 3, 8 − 2, −10 − (−10)) = (6, 6, 0)

AB
⃗ = C − B = (2 − 9, −3 − 8, 1 − (−10)) = (−7, −11, 11)
BC
Now, check if AB ⃗ and BC⃗ are parallel. If they are, then the points are collinear.
For two vectors to be parallel, one must be a scalar multiple of the other. Compare
the ratios of corresponding components:
6 6 0
≈ −0.857, ≈ −0.545, =0
−7 −11 11
⃗ and BC
The ratios are not equal, so AB ⃗ are not parallel. Therefore, the points are
not collinear.
Note: The problem asks to ”show that the points are collinear,” but based on the
calculation, they are not. Thus, we conclude that the points are not collinear.
Final Answer: The points are not collinear.

Tutorial No. 10
1) Solve the differential equation:
y h y i
x sin dy = y sin − x dx
x x
Solution:

8
 Step 1: Rewrite the equation:
 y  dy y
x sin −x = y sin
x dx x
 y  dy y
x sin − y sin = −x
x dx x
Step 2: Divide both sides by x:
 y   dy y

sin − = −1
x dx x

Step 3: Substitute v = xy , so y = vx and dx

dy dv
= v + x dx . Then:
 
dv
sin(v) v + x − v = −1
dx
dv
sin(v) · x = −1
dx
Step 4: Separate variables:
1
sin(v)dv = − dx
x
Step 5: Integrate both sides:
Z Z
1
sin(v)dv = − dx
x
− cos(v) = − ln |x| + C
cos(v) = ln |x| + C
Step 6: Substitute back v = xy :
y
cos = ln |x| + C
x
Final Answer: y
cos = ln |x| + C
x

2) Solve:
dy
cos2 x + y = tan x
dx
Solution:
Step 1: Rewrite in standard linear form:
dy 1 tan x
+ 2
y=
dx cos x cos2 x
1 tan x
Since cos2 x
= sec2 x and cos2 x
= sec2 x tan x, we have:

dy
+ (sec2 x)y = sec2 x tan x
dx
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 Step 2: Find the integrating factor (I.F.):
sec2 xdx
R
I.F. = e = etan x

Step 3: Multiply the equation by the I.F.:

dy
etan x + etan x sec2 xy = etan x sec2 x tan x
dx
The left side is the derivative of yetan x :
d
yetan x = etan x sec2 x tan x


dx
Step 4: Integrate both sides with respect to x:
Z
tan x
ye = etan x sec2 x tan xdx

Let t = tan x, then dt = sec2 xdx. The integral becomes:

Z
tet dt

Integrate by parts: let u = t, dv = et dt, then du = dt, v = et :

Z Z
te dt = te − et dt = tet − et + C = et (t − 1) + C
t t

So: Z
etan x sec2 x tan xdx = etan x (tan x − 1) + C

Step 5: Thus:
yetan x = etan x (tan x − 1) + C
y = tan x − 1 + Ce− tan x
Final Answer:
y = tan x − 1 + Ce− tan x

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