📘 MySQL Functions & Operators – With Examples (Section-wise)
🔹 1. Pattern Matching & Comparison Operators
Description
Operator Example
(Hinglish)
REGEXP / Pattern match SELECT * FROM student WHERE name REGEXP
RLIKE using regex '^A'; → A se start hone wale naam.
Pattern match SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name LIKE
LIKE
with %, _ 'R%'; → R se start hone wale naam.
Check value in SELECT * FROM product WHERE category IN
IN
list ('Electronics', 'Clothing');
Value within SELECT * FROM orders WHERE price BETWEEN
BETWEEN
range 100 AND 500;
SELECT * FROM student WHERE address IS
IS NULL Check for null
NULL;
=, !=, >, < Comparison SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 18;
SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT city =
NOT Negation
'Delhi';
Combine SELECT * FROM login WHERE status = 'active'
AND / OR
conditions AND role = 'admin';
🔹 2. Basic Mathematical Functions
Description
Function Example
(Hinglish)
ABS(x) Absolute value SELECT ABS(-15); → 15
CEIL(x) Round up SELECT CEIL(4.2); → 5
FLOOR(x) Round down SELECT FLOOR(4.8); → 4
ROUND(x) Nearest integer SELECT ROUND(4.5); → 5
ROUND(x, d) Round to decimals SELECT ROUND(4.567, 2); → 4.57
TRUNCATE(x, SELECT TRUNCATE(4.567, 2); →
Cut decimals
d) 4.56
SQRT(x) Square root SELECT SQRT(25); → 5
POWER(x, y) Power SELECT POWER(2, 3); → 8
MOD(x, y) Modulus SELECT MOD(10, 3); → 1
SIGN(x) Number sign SELECT SIGN(-50); → -1
EXP(x) e^x SELECT EXP(1); → 2.718...
LOG(x) Natural log SELECT LOG(2.71828); → 1
LOG10(x) Log base 10 SELECT LOG10(1000); → 3
LOG2(x) Log base 2 SELECT LOG2(8); → 3
PI() Returns π SELECT PI(); → 3.14159...
SELECT RAND(); → 0.7123
RAND() Random decimal
(random)
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM
MAX(col) Max from column
employees;
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM
MIN(col) Min from column
employees;
LEAST(x, y, …) Smallest SELECT LEAST(5, 8, 2, 9); → 2
GREATEST(x, y, SELECT GREATEST(5, 8, 2, 9); →
Largest
…) 9
🔹 3. Trigonometric & Angle Functions
Description
Function Example
(Hinglish)
SELECT SIN(RADIANS(30)); →
SIN(x) Sine of angle
0.5
COS(x) Cosine SELECT COS(RADIANS(60)); →
0.5
TAN(x) Tangent SELECT TAN(RADIANS(45)); → 1
SELECT DEGREES(ASIN(0.5));
ASIN(x) Inverse sine
→ 30
SELECT DEGREES(ACOS(0.5));
ACOS(x) Inverse cosine
→ 60
SELECT DEGREES(ATAN(1)); →
ATAN(x) Inverse tangent
45
ATAN2(y, SELECT DEGREES(ATAN2(2,
Angle from x-y
x) 2)); → 45
SELECT COT(RADIANS(45)); →
COT(x) Cotangent
1
DEGREES(
Radian to degree SELECT DEGREES(PI()); → 180
x)
RADIANS( SELECT RADIANS(180); →
Degree to radian
x) 3.14159...
🔹 4. Bitwise & Base Conversion Functions
Description
Function Example
(Hinglish)
BIT_COUNT( SELECT BIT_COUNT(7); → 3
Count 1s in binary
x) (binary: 111)
BIN(x) Binary string SELECT BIN(10); → '1010'
Hexadecimal
HEX(x) SELECT HEX(255); → 'FF'
string
OCT(x) Octal string SELECT OCT(64); → '100'
CONV(x, f,
Convert base SELECT CONV('A', 16, 10); → 10
t)
✅ Revision Tip:
Jo functions tum bar-bar real queries me use karoge wo yaad automatically
ho jaate hain — lekin unusual (like trigonometric ya binary) functions ko
revise karte raho for viva/interview.