Industrial Management and Safety
(Subject Code: 5001)
Module#4
Industrial Safety
➢ “The management of all operations and procedures in an industry in order to protect its
employees and assets by minimizing hazards, risks, accidents, and near misses” called the
Industrial Safety.”
Factory
➢ A place where a group of persons are working and in which a manufacturing process is going
on using electricity, Steam or Oil.
Accident
➢ An undesirable or unfortunate happening that occurs unintentionally and usually results in
harm, injury, damage, or loss.
Frequency Rate (F.R.)
➢ The frequency rate is the number of people injured over a year for each million1 hours
worked by a group of employees or workers.
Severity Rate (S.R.)
➢ The severity rate is the total number of days lost or charged due to accidents per one
thousand man-hours worked.
➢ As an example, assume there is 200 -man plant in which five injuries occurred over a
period of six months, resulting in a total time charge of 150 days.
ACCIDENT PRONENESS
➢ The tendency of an individual to experience more accidents than other identical individuals
due to stable personality characteristics.
Causes of accident proneness
➢ Lack of emotional stability.
➢ Low degree of muscular coordination.
➢ Poor eyesight and hearing and lack of stamina.
➢ Lack of training, proficiency and skill to do work.
➢ Absence of appropriate mood.
➢ Insufficient intelligence and common sense.
➢ Frustrated mind.
➢ Lack of experience.
➢ Lack of health.
➢ Immature age
➢ Lack of coordination between perpetual and motor speed.
➢ Unsafe behaviour of the worker (e.g.: -intentionally not using safety devices and safe
practices)
➢ Inattentiveness and day -dreaming.
Unsafe acts
➢ Failing to wear protective equipment
➢ Rendering machine guards inoperative.
➢ Operating without authority.
➢ Using excessive speeds.
➢ Engaging in horse play.
➢ Severity of work.
➢ Long hours of work etc.
VARIOUS ACCIDENT FACTIORS
➢ MECHANICAL
➢ ENVIRONMENTAL
➢ PERSONAL FACTORS
MECHANICAL FACTORS
1. Improper machine guarding
2. Unsafe mechanical design or construction
3. Defective devices
4. Improper material handling
5. Hazardous arrangement (piling, overloading etc.)
6. Unsafe apparel
7. Broken safety guards
8. Leaking acid valves
9. Untested boilers or pressure vessels.
10. Protruding nails.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
1. Too low a temperature to cause shivering
2. Too high a temperature to cause headache and sweating
3. Too high a humidity to cause uncomforting, fatigue and drowsiness. It may also cause
asthmatic complaints
4. Defective and inadequate illumination causing eyestrain, glare, shadows etc.
5. Presence of dust, fumes and smokes and lack of proper ventilation
6. Noise, bad Odor, and flash coming from the nearby machinery, equipment or processes.
7. High speed of work because of huge work load or incentive.
8. Lengthy working hours and over time work to earn more
9. Inadequate rest pauses or breaks between the working hours
10. Poor housekeeping.
PERSONAL FACTORS
1. Age & health of employees, 2. Home environment, 3. Financial position, 4. Number of defendants,
5. Lack of knowledge and skill, 6. Improper attitude towards work, 7. Carelessness and recklessness,
8. Improper usage of tools and equipment, 9. Incorrect machine habits, 10. Day -dreaming and
inattentiveness, 11. Fatigue, 12. Emotional instability, e.g., jealously, revengefulness etc., 13. Mental
worries, 14. Unnecessary exposure to risk, 15 High anxiety level 16. Non-use of safety devices, 17.
Working at unsafe speed
ACCIDENT PREVENTION TECHNIQUES
4 E's of accident prevention technique
1. Engineering-Process Control
2. Education-Training
3. Enforcement-Rules & Procedures
4. Enthusiasm-Behavioural Aspect
1. Engineering
➢ It helps you create a safe working environment.
➢ It's a broad concept used to describe the design, development, implementation, operation
and maintenance of both quality control programs and physical safety measures of
employees.
2. Education
➢ It involves the teachings about safety rules and creates awareness of the benefits and goals
of safety in your community and workplace.
3. Enforcement
➢ Enforcement reinforces the laws that serve to protect you.
➢ The primary role of enforcement is to reduce incidents, save lives, and facilitate a hazard-free
and efficient work environment.
➢ This strategy helps in ensuring adequate training and reporting of incidents and operational
risks.
4. Enthusiasm
➢ An object of keen interest; passion.
➢ An enthusiastic employee will typically show up on time, show interest in his or her job, and
demonstrate a willingness to listen, learn, and try new things.
➢ Hire the right people for the job
➢ Provide a clear purpose and mission
➢ Give them the tools they need to succeed
➢ Focus on rewarding and recognizing their work
Role of safety council and safety officer
A safety committee's duties include,
➢ Delivering safe work practices
➢ Developing written safety programs
➢ Facilitating safety training
➢ Performing workplace inspections, and
➢ Undertake accident investigations.
Safety Officers are responsible for,
➢ Planning
➢ Implementing, and
➢ Overseeing company's employee safety at work.
Precautions to be taken in hazardous situations
Toxic Substances:
➢ Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and
respiratory protection.
➢ Work in well-ventilated areas or use proper ventilation equipment.
➢ Be aware of emergency exits and locations of safety equipment like eyewash stations and
showers.
➢ Clearly label and store toxic substances in designated areas.
Flammable Materials:
➢ No smoking in designated areas.
➢ Keep flammable materials away from heat sources and open flames.
➢ Store flammable liquids in approved containers and cabinets.
➢ Have fire extinguishers readily available and ensure employees are trained to use them.
Electrical Shock:
➢ Never work on electrical equipment without proper training.
➢ Turn off power sources before conducting repairs or maintenance.
➢ Use insulated tools and equipment.
➢ Install ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) in areas where water is present.
Material Handling:
➢ Wear appropriate lifting gear, such as back belts and proper footwear.
➢ Lift with your legs, not your back.
➢ Store heavy items at waist height to minimize lifting and bending.
➢ Use mechanical aids such as forklifts or conveyors for heavy loads.
Settlement of Industrial Disputes
➢ Industrial disputes can arise from a variety of issues, such as wage disagreements, working
conditions, or conflicts between labour and management.
➢ Resolving these disputes is essential for fostering a positive and productive work
environment.
The settlement of industrial disputes involves several key strategies:
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➢ Dialogue is Key: Encourage open communication between labour and management through
negotiations. This involves discussing concerns, understanding perspectives, and finding
mutually agreeable solutions.
➢ Collective Bargaining: Facilitate collective bargaining sessions where representatives from
both sides can negotiate terms and conditions, including wages, working hours, and benefits.
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➢ Neutral Third Party: In cases where direct negotiations fail, consider involving a neutral third
party, such as a mediator. The mediator assists in facilitating discussions, identifying common
ground, and guiding the parties toward a resolution.
➢ Mediation Panels: Establish mediation panels comprising representatives from both labor
and management, as well as neutral experts, to ensure a fair and unbiased resolution
process.
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➢ Binding Decision: Arbitration involves presenting the dispute to a neutral third party or an
arbitration panel. The decision made by the arbitrator is usually binding, providing a final
resolution to the conflict.
➢ Legal Framework: Ensure that the arbitration process follows legal guidelines and is
conducted in a transparent manner.
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➢ Government Intervention: In some cases, involving government authorities in the form of
conciliation officers can be beneficial. These officers work towards reconciling differences
and facilitating an agreement between the conflicting parties.
➢ Conciliation Boards: Establish boards consisting of representatives from labour,
management, and government to address complex disputes and provide recommendations.
Legal Recourse:
➢ Labor Courts and Tribunals: In situations where other methods fail, legal recourse through
labour courts or tribunals may be necessary. These entities have the authority to adjudicate
and enforce decisions based on labour laws.