CLASS X: CHAPTER-6
TRIANGLES
IMPORTANT CORMULAS &CONCEPTS
All those objccts which have the same shape but diflerent sizes are called similar objects.
Two triangles are similar if
0 their corresponding angles are equal (or)
() their corresponding sides have lengths in the same ratio (or proportional)
Two triangles AABC and ADEF are sinilar if
()Z4= ZD, ZB= ZE,2C =2F
BC C
DE EF FD
B C
Basic Proportionality theorenm or Thales Theorem
Ifa straight line is drawn parallel to one side ofa triangle intersecting the other two sides, then it
divides the two sides in the same ratio.
Ifna AABC, astraight line DE parallel to BC, intersects AB at Dand AC at E, then
AC AB AC
(OAE () DB EC
Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem ( Converse of Thales Theorem)
Ifa straight line divides any two sides ofa triangle in the same ratio, then the line must be parallel to
the third side.
Angle Bisector Theorem
The internal (extenal) bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side intermally
(extemally) in the ratio of the coresponding sides containing the angle.
Converse of Angle Bisector Thecrem
Ifa straight line through one vertex of a triangle divides the opposite side internally (extermall) in
the ratio of the other two sides, then the line bisects the angle internally (externaly) at the vertex.
Criteria for similarity of triangles
The folloWing three criteria are sufficient to prove that two triangles are similar.
) AAA(Angle-Angle-Angle) similarity criterion
If in two triangles, comesponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or
proportion) and hence the two triangles are similar.
Remark: If two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to two angBes of another triangle, then
the two triangles are similar.
Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy. TGT(Maths) Page - 87
(ii) SSS (Side-SideSide) similnrity criterion for Two
two tringles, if the 'sicdes of one trinngle are pronortionnl (in the sAe ratio) to the sides of the
other trinngle, then their coiresponding anles are equal and hence the
two triangles arc similar.
(iil) SAS (Side-Angle-Side) sinilarity criterion for Two
Triangles
If ono angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle and if the
inclnding these angles are proportional, then the two triangles coresponding sidcs
are similar.
Areas of Similar Triangles
The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio
of the scquares of ther
corresponding sides.
Ifa perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of a right angled triangle to its
triangles on each side of the perpendicular are similar to the whole lypotenuLse, then the
Here, (a) ADBA + A ABC triangle.
(b) ADAC+ AABC
(c) ADBA + ADAC
B D
Iftwo triangles are simiar, then the ratio of the corresponding sides is egual to the
conesponding altitudes. ratio of their
ie., if AABC + AEFG, then BC CA_AD
DE FG GE EH
B D C
H G
If two triangles are similar, then the ratio of the
coresponding sides is equal to the ratio of the
coresponding perimeters.
If AABC+ AEFG, then AB BC CA AB+BC +CA
DE FG GE DE+ FG+ GE
Pythagoras theorem (Baudhayan theorem)
In a right angled triangle, the square of fhe
two sides.
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other
Converse of Pythagoras theorem
In a triangle, if the square of one side is equal
to the sum of the squares of the other two
the angle opposite to the frst side is a right angle. sides, then
Prepared by: M. S. Kumr Swamv. TGTMaths)
Page - 88
MCQ WORKSHEET-I
CLASS X: CIAPTER-6
TRIANGLES
AB BC
1. Ifin triangle ABC and DEF, then they will be similar when
DE FD
(a) ZB= ZE (b) Z4= D (c) ZB= 2D (d) ZA= ZF
ar(A4BC)
2. It is given that A4BC~ APOR with g! then is equal to
OR 3 ar(APOR)
1 1
(a) 9 (b) 3 (e); 7.2 cm
|1.8 cm
3. In AABC, DE | BC and AD= 4cm, AB=9cm. AC= 13.5 cm
then the vaue of EC is B
(d) none of these
54 cm
(a) 6cm (6) 7.5 cm (c) 9 cm
4. In figre DE | BC then the value of AD is
(a) 2cm (b) 2.4 cm (c) 3 cm (d) none of the above
5. ABC and BDE are two equilateral triangles such that BD The ratio of the areas of
triangles ABC and BDE are
(a) 2:3 (b) 3:2 (c) 4:9 (d) 9:4
6. Aladder is placed against a wall such that its foot is at distance of 2.5 mfrom the wall and its top
reaches a window 6 mabove the groud. The length of the ladder is
(a) 6.5 m (b) 7.5 m (c) 3.5 m (a) 9.5 m
7. If the corresponding sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 4:9, then the areas of these
triangles are in the ratio is
(a) 2:3 (b) 3:2 (c) 81 : 16 (a) 16:81
8. If AABC ~APOR, BC=8 cm and QR =6 cm, the ratio of the areas of AABC and APQR is
(a) 8:6 (b) 6:8 () 64:36 (d) 9: 16
9. If AABC ~ APÌR,area of AABC =8lcnf, area of APQR =144cm and QR=6 cm, then
lengtb of BC is
(a) 4cm (b) 4.5 cm () 9 cn (d) 12 cm
10. Sides of triangles are given below. Which of these is aright triangle?
(a) 7 cm, 5 cm, 24 cm (b) 34 cm, 30 cm, 16 cm
(c) 4 cm, 3 cm, 7 cm (d) &cm, I2 cm, 14 cm
11. Ifa ladder 10 mlong reaches a window 8 mabove the ground, then the distance of the foot of the
ladder fron the base of the wall is
() 18 m(b) 8 m(c) 6 m(4) 4m
12. Agirl walks 200 towards Bast and the she walks 150n towards North. The distance of the girl
from the starting point is
a) 350m(b) 250m (c) 300m (d) 22Sm
MCQ WORKSHEET-I|
CLASSXCHAPTER-6
TRIANGLES
1. n the gien figur, ifDE || BC, then x euas
(a) 6 cm () 10 cm (c) 8 cm () 12.5 cm
2. Al
2cmy
triangles ane similar.
(a) isosceks (b) eqnlateral (c) scalene D 4cm E
(d) right angled
3. All cicles are
(a) congnnent (b) sinila () not similar B*****.. Y *********.
(d) one of these
A
4. All squares are 1.5 cmA1 em
(a) congnent (b) sinilar
(c) not sùmilar (d) none of these D
5. In the given fig DE | BC then the vahe of EC is
3 cm
a) l cm (b) 2 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 4 cm
6. In the given below figure, the value of P is B
(a) 60 (b) s0° (©) 40 (d) 100
\7.6
3.8 33
B0 p4
6 12
7. Agirl of height 90 cm is wallking away from the base of a lamp-post at a speed of 1.2 /s. If the lanp is
3.6 mabove the ground, then the length of ler shadow ater 4seconds.
(a) 1.2 m (b) 1.6 m (c) 2 m (d) none of these
8. Avertical pole of length 6 mcasts a shadow 4 mn long on the ground and at the same tine a
tower casts a shadow 28 m long. Find the lheight of the tower.
(a) 42 m (b) 48m (c) 54 m () none of these
9. AABC~ ADEF and their areas be, respectively, 64 cm and l21 cn. IfEF =15.4 cm, tlhe value
of BC is,
(a) 112 cm (b) 15.4 cm (c) 6.4 cm () none of these
10. ABC and BDE are two equilateral triangles such that D is the midpoint of BC. Ratio of the areas
of triangles ABC and BDE is
(a) 2: 1 (b) 1:2 (c) 4:1 () 1:4
11. Areas of two sinmilar triangles are in the ratio 4:9. Sides of these triangles are in the ratio
(a) 2:3 (b) 4:9 (c) 81:16 (a) 16:81
MCO WORKSHEET-I
CLASS X: CHIAPTER-6
TRIANGLES
1. Avertical pole of length 20 mcasts a slhadow 10 mlong on the ground and at the same time a
tower casts a shadow 50 mlong, then the height of the tower.
(a) 100 m (b) 120 m (c) 25 m (d) none of these
2. The areas of two similar triangles are in the ratio 4:9. The corresponding sides of these triangles
are in the ratio
(a) 2:3 (b) 4:9 (c) 81: 16 (d) 16:81
3. The areas of two similar triangles AABC and ADEF are 144 cn and 81 cm, respectively. If
the longest side of larger AABC be 36 cm, then the longest side of the similar triangle ADEF is
(a) 20 cm (b) 26 cm (c) 27 cm (d) 30 cm
4. The areas of two similar triangles are in respectively 9cm and 16 cm. The ratio of their
corresponding sides is
(a) 2:3 (b) 3:4 (c) 4:3 (d) 4:5
5. Two isosceles triangles have equal angles and their areas are in tlhe ratio l6:25. The ratio of
theu corresponding heights is
(a) 3:2 () 5:4 (c) 5:7 (a) 4:5
6. If AABC and ADEF are similar such that 2AB= DE and BC =8 cm then EF =
(a) 16 cm (b) 112 cm () 8 cm () 4 cm
7. XY is drawn paralel to the base BC of a AABC cutting AB at Xand AC atY. If AB = 4BX and
YC =2cm, then AY=
(a) 2 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 4 cm
8. Two poles of height 6m and 1l mstand vertically upright on aplane ground. If the distance
between their foot is 12 m, the distance between their tops is
(a) 14 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 13 cm () 11 cm
9. IfD, E, F are midpoints of sides BC, CA and AB respectively of AABC, then the ratio of the
areas of triangles DEF and ABC is
(a) 2:3 (b) 1:4 (©) 1:2 (d) 4:5
AB BC CA 2 ar(AABC)
10. If AABC and ADEF are two triangles such that then
DE EF FD 5 ar(ADEF)
(a) 2:5 (6) 4:25 (c) 4:15 (d) 8:125
1. In triangles ABC and DEF, ZA=ZE= 40°, AB : ED=AC: EF andF-65, then ZB =
(b) 65°
(a) 35" (c) 75 (4) 8sº
12. IfABC and DEF are similar triangles such that ZA= 47° aind E=83, then ZC=
(a) so b) 60° (c) 70 (d) 80
CLASS XX: CHAPTER-6
TRIANGLES
IMPORTANT EORMULAS &CONCCPTS
All those objects whiclh have the same shape but different sizes are called similar objects.
Two triangles are similar if
() their comesponding angles are equal (o1)
() their coresponding sides have lengths in the sane ratio (or proportional)
Two triangles AABC and ADEF are similar if
(1)Z4= ZD, ZB=ZE,C= 2F
AB BC CA
(i)
DE EF FD
B F
Basic Proportionality theorem or Thales Theorem
Ifa straight line is drawn parallel to one side of atriangle intersecting the other two sides, then it
divides the two sides in the same ratio.
If in a AABC, a straight line DE parallel to BC, intersects AB at D and AC at E, then
AB AC (i) AB AC
AE DB EC
Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem (Converse of Thales Theorem)
Ifa straight line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line must be parallel to
the third side.
Angle Bisector Theorem
The intermal (external) bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side internally
(externally) in the ratio of the coIresponding sides containing the angle.
Converse of Angle Bisector Theorem
If a straight line through one vertex of a triangle divides the opposite side internally (extermally) in
the ratio of the other two sides, then the line bisects the angle intermally (extenally) at the vertex.
Criteria for similarity of triangles
The followimg three criteria are sufficient to prove that two triangles are similar.
() AAA( Angle-Angle-Angle ) similarity criterion
If intwo triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or
propartion) and hence the two triangies are similar.
Remark: If two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to two angles of another triangle, then
the two triangles are similar.
Prepared by: M. S. Kumar Swamy, TGTMaths) Page- 87
(i) SSS
In two (Side-Side-Side) similarity criterion for Two
triangles, if the sides
other triangle, then their of on Iriangle are Trinngles
proportional
coresponding angles are equnl and hence(in the sAIDe ralio) to
the
(ii) SAS the two triangles are sides of the
If one angle (Side-Angle-Side)
of a trinngle is similarity criterion for Two Trinngles
similar.
inchuding these angles are equal to one angle of the otlher ttiangle and if
proportional, then the two triangles are the corespondng sides
Areas of Similar Trinngles similar.
The ratio of the areas of
two similar triangles is
comesponding sides. equal to the ratio of tlhe
scquares of ther
Ifa perpendicular is drawn
triangles on each side of thefrom the vertex of ariglht angled triangle its hypotenuse, then lhe
Here, (a) ADBA AABC perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle.
(b) ADAC+ AABC
(c) ADBA + AD4C
B
D
If two triangles are
similar, then the ratio of the
corresponding altitudes. corresponding sides is equal to the ratio of their
i.e., if AABC + AEFG, then BC CA AD
D FG GE EH
B D C
F G
Iffwo tiangles are similar, then the ratio of the
coITespondng perneters. coresponding sides is egqual to the ratio of the
If AABC t AERG, then BC CA AB + BC+CA
DE FG GE DE +FG+GE
Pythagoras theorem (Baudhayan theorem)
Ina right angled triangle, the square of the bypoteuse is
two sides. equal to the sum of the squares of the other
Converse of Pythagoras theorem
Ina triangle, if the square of one side is equal to the sum of the
the angle opposite to the first side is a right angle. squares of the other two sides, then
Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGTOMaths)
Page - 88