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Essential Life Processes in Organisms

Chapter 6 discusses essential life processes for survival in living organisms, including nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. It explains autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition, the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and how transportation occurs in plants and humans. The chapter also covers the excretion of metabolic waste in both humans and plants, highlighting the importance of these processes in maintaining internal stability and adaptation to environmental changes.

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5 views1 page

Essential Life Processes in Organisms

Chapter 6 discusses essential life processes for survival in living organisms, including nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. It explains autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition, the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and how transportation occurs in plants and humans. The chapter also covers the excretion of metabolic waste in both humans and plants, highlighting the importance of these processes in maintaining internal stability and adaptation to environmental changes.

Uploaded by

labjit0733r
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 6: Life Processes

All living organisms carry out certain basic processes that help them survive. These include
nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. Nutrition provides energy and materials for
growth, while respiration breaks down food to release energy. In autotrophic nutrition, green plants
prepare their own food through photosynthesis. They take in carbon dioxide from the air, water from
the soil, and sunlight using chlorophyll. The equation for photosynthesis is 6CO■ + 6H■O →
C■H■■O■ + 6O■. In heterotrophic nutrition, organisms depend on others for food. Humans follow
holozoic nutrition involving ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion. Respiration
can be aerobic or anaerobic. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, producing
carbon dioxide, water, and large amounts of energy: C■H■■O■ + 6O■ → 6CO■ + 6H■O +
Energy. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy, producing alcohol
or lactic acid. For example, yeast performs anaerobic respiration to produce alcohol, while human
muscles produce lactic acid during heavy exercise. Transportation in plants is done through xylem
and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves, while phloem carries
prepared food from leaves to other parts. In humans, transportation is carried out by the circulatory
system consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart pumps oxygenated blood
through arteries and receives deoxygenated blood through veins. The lungs purify the blood by
exchanging carbon dioxide with oxygen. Excretion is the process of removing metabolic waste. In
humans, kidneys filter urea and other wastes from the blood to form urine, which is excreted
through the urinary system. In plants, waste is stored in leaves or excreted as gum, resin, or by
transpiration. These life processes maintain the stability of internal conditions, ensuring that living
beings function efficiently and adapt to changes in the environment.

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