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Understanding Perception and Sensation

1) The document discusses cognitive processes such as perception, sensation, and illusion. 2) It presents the Gestalt theory on perception, which argues that the brain organizes sensory elements into meaningful units. 3) It discusses definitions and differences between perception and sensation, with perception being an interpretative process and sensation being the initial capture of stimuli.

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5 views22 pages

Understanding Perception and Sensation

1) The document discusses cognitive processes such as perception, sensation, and illusion. 2) It presents the Gestalt theory on perception, which argues that the brain organizes sensory elements into meaningful units. 3) It discusses definitions and differences between perception and sensation, with perception being an interpretative process and sensation being the initial capture of stimuli.

Translated by

ScribdTranslations
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© All Rights Reserved
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PROCESSES

Cognitive

PERCEPTION, SENSATION AND ILLUSION


What is aperception?
.The word perception comes from the
Latin 'perceptio' which means
action of collecting and, by
extension, "knowledge" as
apprehension.

.Perception is the significant capture of


world.
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY (Form)

.Gestalt is one of the schools of Psychology that


tried to find out how we absorb messages
that arise for us daily.

.It developed in the 19th century (1920s) in Austria and


Germany, focusing on the study of perception, in
special of visual perception.
.Your main objective was to explain
in the way we see the world, through a
in-depth study of perception.
.For Gestalt, the brain is a dynamic system.
in which an interaction occurs between the
elements through principles of organization
perceptual such as: proximity, continuity,
similarity, simplicity, figure.
.This theory is based on the principle that the sensible object
it is not just a package of sensations for the being
human, once perception is
beyond the elements provided by the bodies
sensory.
. Representantes: Max Wertheimer (1880-1943);
Kurt Koca (1886-1940)
INFLUÊNCIAS:

.Philosopher William James: considered that people


they perceived things not as sets of
elements formed by sensations, but like a
UNIT (whole).
.Phenomenology (Husserl): consciousness is
awareness of something, does not work like
uma só, sendo cons tuída por actos (percepção,
imagination, etc.) with which it aims to achieve a
object.
DEFINITION OF PERCEPTION

.The perception is apsychophysiological process through


of which the subject organizes and interprets the stimuli
from the environment that were captured through the organs
two senses (sensation), allowing us to identify
the significant objects and events.

.It is aprocess of interpreting reality how


a set of global organized, based on the
our experiences, implies: i)
existence of blemish; ii) constructed impression
by the receptor and transmitted to the CNS; iii) a process
psychophysiological that originates the sensation.
Sensation and Perception

.The process through which we learn and


knowing involves two different moments:
1) SENSATION: results from the first contact with the
reality, pure and simple capture of an object
sensory. It is a raw and immediate state, whose role
the main purpose is to provide perception with the data of
that it needs.

2) PERCEPTION: organization of information


transmitted through sensations, information that
allow us to know, in the first degree, the
reality.
COMPONENTS OF THE PERCEPTUAL PROCESS

1. PERCEPTUAL CONSTANCY:
1.1. CONSISTENCY REGARDING DIMENSION OR SIZE

The Room
Ames illusion

Adelbert Ames
invented this
room for
provoke illusions
regarding the
size of the
objects and
people.
1.2. CONSISTENCY REGARDING FORM

The tendency to perceive an object


as if having a constant shape even when
changes the image projected on the retina. (e.g. to focus)
a coin in the air

1.3. COLOR CONSISTENCY

It refers to the ability to perceive the color of


familiar objects as a constant, even though
sensation of color changing.
2. THE PERCEPTION OF DEPTH
LAWS OF PERCEPTION (text 1/2 - 102, 103p.)
DISCRIMINATION (FIGURES and PLANS)

.Perception acts selectively. Some parts are


highlighted (to figure), with the remaining ones placed in
background (the background). This relationship is
successively alternated, that is, the foundation transforms-
the figure in the foreground and the figure in the background.

Just like in the figure, the same


set of eshmulos is
organized by the brain in
different answers/perceptions.
AMBIGUITIES OF THE FIGURE

.It may happen that the figure is ambiguous and raises


various interpretations.
When we perceive a cluster of
PROXIMITY objects we tend to see those that are more
close to each other as if forming a
group or unit.
Similar or positioned objects
SIMILARITY similar are, by tendency, grouped
together or seen as a unit.

OXOXOXOXOXOXO
OXOXOXOXOXOXO
OXOXOXOXOXOXO

It is a trend in our perception to see shapes


Continuity soft or naked instead of shapes
unknown.
Unfinished figures tend to be seen as
CLOSING
complete.

We tend to organize ps emus


SYMMETRY OR
perceived or objects in the most shape
Simplicity as simple as possible.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PERCEPTION
In the organization of perception, the following intervene:

1) SUBJECTIVE FACTORS (related to structures


biological and psychological
a) internal factors that can be biological (such as
for example: hunger and sleep; functionalities
two organs of the senses; functioning of the
nervous system
b) Psychological factors: motivation, expectations and
cultural factors; life experience, age,
the motivation and the perceived predisposition.
2) OBJECTIVE FACTORS
The objects that stand out against a neutral background. The
more structured objects capture our more
attention. This fact is exploited by advertising.
3) SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS
There are cultural variations in the way one sees and
interpret reality. Different cultures adopt
different views and interpretations of the 'real'.

The people who live in regions without


roads with lines that converge in a
point or without rectangular houses with
roofs that form angles have
difficulty in having this perceptible illusion.
Made by:

Joana Inês Pontes

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