EDUCATIONAL CENTER Resolution No.

008785

CASTLE OF KNOWLEDGE 2020

Forming Successful Entrepreneurial Leaders

Resolution 008785 December 11, 2018 - DANE 320400800060

GUIDE - WORKSHOP Spanish

# Language
DATE: 11 / 5 2020 PERIOD - 2 PROBABLE TIME - 3 weeks
GRADE: FOURTH STUDENT:
TEACHER: JAKQUELIN TRUJILLO V.

THEME: Grammatical categories of words.

SUBTEMA:Sustantivos, pronombre, verbo, adverbio, adjetivo, preposiciones,

conjunctions, interjections, determiners.

PURPOSE: Identify, relate, and recognize characteristics of the aspects

grammatical aspects of the words in a text.

STANDARD: I produce written texts that respond to various needs

communicative and that follow a strategic procedure for their development.
DBA: Produce various types of texts catering to the recipients, to the medium to which
it will be written and to the communicative purposes.

PROBLEMATIC QUESTION: Why recognize and differentiate the categories?

grammatical of a text?

LOGRO:Identificar en diferentes textos las categorías gramaticales de las palabras.

COMPETENCE: Communicative – interpretative – argumentative and propositional.

BIBLIOGRAFIA:ZOOM al lenguaje 4. Editorial Libros & Libros S.A

Language Sequencing 4 Editorial Books & Books S.A

Module guide Spanish language grade 4 - Colombia learns

ACTIVATION OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
CONCEPTUAL SCOPE

The noun or name

It is that uncle of words whose meaning determines reality. That is,
nouns name all things:
persons, objects, sensations, feelings, ideas, etc.
Classes of nouns:
1. contable (coche) /incontable (leche)
2. iroiio (Juan) / common (ian)
3. simile (iuerta) / comiuesto (lavacoches)
4. concreto (almacén) / abstracto (belleza)
 The Adjective
The adjective is the word that accompanies the noun and agrees with it in gender and number.

The function of the adjective is to characterize the noun or limit its meaning. The adjective is placed
Usually behind the noun, iero can be placed before it to reinforce its
value. Some adjectives change their meaning when placed before the noun. For example:

a poor woman (unhappy or insignificant woman) a poor woman (woman without money)
ACTIVITY Nº1

Observe the drawing and write three adjectives.

————————– ———————— —————————-

The adjective agrees with the noun it accompanies, that is, it must always have the same gender.
gender and number that the noun refers to. Thus, in the previous example, as the
The noun 'ilato' is masculine and singular, the adjective has to be limited in masculine and
singular. If the noun were the ilatos (masculine, plural), we would have to say limiios.
(male, plural).

Adjectives can be Qualifying or Determining.

Adjectives serve to qualify or give a characteristic to the noun, that is,

They add qualities to the noun. Depending on how to express that quality, they can
serExplanations or Specifications.

They explain when you express a quality that derives from the substantive irony, highlighting
that quality. They usually go before the noun, and are more commonly used in the language
literary.

Snow White
Elphineleon

Adjectives are classified into qualificative and determinative. Qualificative adjectives are the
that express a quality of the noun (intelligent, green, traitors, etc.)

The determinative adjectives are those that delimit the extent to which it is taken.
substantive establishing a relationship with grammatical persons (their friends), the position
(those friends) or the quantity (three friends)

ACTIVITY No. 2
Degrees of the Adjective

Grade Definition

Position The adjective aiarecetal and how it is in its normal form (big, good).

Of Superiority: Bigger than.

Of Equality: As big as, Equal to as big as

Comparison of Inferiority: Less great than

 Exiresa a quality in its highest degree, and it can be: Absolute: The
maximum degree, without considering another object.
Very large or huge. Relative: The maximum degree, having in
Superlative Tell the rest of the group to which it belongs. The largest in the city.

Read the following sentences and underline the superlative adjectives with a red line.
a green line for comparative adjectives and an orange line for positive adjectives

Fourth graders are more agile than fifth graders.

The balloons are huge and colorful.

The ice creams are tasty.

María is taller than Luis

5- the city of Armenia is equal in size to Ibagué.

THE PRONOUNS

pronoun means 'instead of the name', 'in place of the name' or 'in lieu of the name'. With this
meaning implies its condition as a substitute word. Substitute for what?
Traditionally, it was said that you were a substitute for the noun or name, and today it is talked about
what constitutes the noun phrase.
The ironames mean and flexibilize the expression, avoiding misguided rejections. Always
they have a background, explicit or implied.

Irony does not have value in itself, but rather representatively; its identity is given by
the noun referred to in each case.

Irony names are characterized by not having a concrete meaning. Rather, they have functions.
to accumulate.
Thus, the ironous personal pronouns must signify or indicate the person of the conversation.

the demonstrative pronouns signify or indicate their situation

the numerals, their quantity

the relatives, their relationship with other words

the possessives, the belonging; the indefinites, the null quantity.

To get into the matter, let's look at the following example:

Maríairactca various deiortes. She is a great

deiortsta.

In the two previous sentences, we are referring to the same person (Maria). In the first one
we say her name; while in the second we use a pronoun: she.

Now we can say that

Pronouns are the words that indicate or represent people or things.

objects refer to facts already known by the speaker and the listener.

We could also say that they are words that substitute or replace names or
nouns or the entire noun phrase.

We have several types of pronouns:

Personal Possessives Demonstration of demonstration

Numerals Undefined Interrogatives

Reflexives exclamatory Relatives

Personal pronouns
Let's look at the following examples:

I read a book. You read a book. He or she reads a

 book

[Link]á[Link].

The words highlighted in red in the previous table refer to people who perform
an action, whose names are not mentioned. They are personal pronouns.

The personal pronouns are the only part of the sentence that is declined in Spanish. That is,
there are different ways to perform various functions of completion in the sentence.

For example, the personal pronoun can take the forms of me, with me, according to
the function that fulfills. Thus it can be Subject (I), it can be prepositional complement (me,
with me), or it can be a direct object (me) and it can also be a complement
indirect (me).

ACTIVITY No. 1

Escribe en cada cuadro un ironombre iersonal y haz una oración con cada uno de ellos.

ACTIVITY No. 2

En la siguiente sopa de letras hay algunos pronombres intenta localizarlos.

THE ADVERBS
Adverbs are words that modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
adverb. In the sentence, they function as circumstantial or as part of
Modifiers. They are invariable, as they have no gender or number.

The adverb
In the drawing, we see that a car is speeding a lot and a child is running a little. A tree.
He is close and another is far away. The teacher is speaking to the children. The words a lot and
Little modifies the verb 'runs'. The words near and far modify the verb 'is'.
The adverb is the invariable part of the sentence that serves to modify the verb, the adjective
or to another adverb.

The adjective qualifies or modifies the noun. Examples: blackboard, the blonde hair.
The adverb modifies the verb. Examples: run a lot, run a little, the tree is close.
tree is far away.

2. Answer if the words in bold are adverbs or adjectives:

This pianist plays well
I like the yellow car
the blond boy is studious
the train runs fast
this choir sings well

3. Functions of the adverb. There are three:

a) The adverb qualifies or determines the verb. Examples: I will wait for you there, Luis sings well.
eagle flies slowly, the dog plays a lot, we have met today.
b) The adverb can modify the meaning of an adjective. Examples: it was a
quite old house (quite modifies the adjective old). Luther strictly famous, is
the garden is very beautiful.
c) The adverb can also modify another adverb. Examples: Montse
I was talking very well (very modifies the adverb well), my brother has arrived quite early.
quite modifies the adverb soon.

4. Indicate whether the underlined adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

place way time amount

this paper is very white

place way time amount

I much prefer cinema.

lugar modo tiempo cantidad

this orchestra plays well

place manner time quantity

I will wait for you there

lugar modo tiempo cantidad

the fields are very vast

place way time amount

the field is quite far away
5. Types of adverbs
From the drawing, we can say that the hare runs quickly while the turtle moves slowly.
The words fast and slowly are adverbs.

According to their meaning, adverbs can be:

["HERE","THERE","NEAR","FAR","INSIDE","OUTSIDE","IN FRONT","BEHIND","ON TOP","BELOW"]

OF TIME: today, yesterday, tomorrow, afternoon, soon, now, before, after, never, etc.

OF MANNER: well, badly, thus, like this, barely, and all those that can be obtained with the
the suffix -ly added to qualifying adjectives, such as wisely, rightly,
easily, slowly, etc.

OF QUANTITY: more, less, nothing, little, quite a bit, a lot, too much, etc.

IN ORDER: firstly, finally, recently, successively, etc.

AFFIRMATION: yes, true, certainly, really, also, etc.

NEGATION: no, never, ever, neither, etc.

DOUBTFULLY: perhaps, maybe, possibly, probably, etc.

THE PREPOSITIONS
The preposition is an unchanging word that serves as a type of link since it connects
words, sentences, and even propositions denoting the relationship they have with each other. The
prepositions can indicate origin, provenance, instrument, destination, time, cause,
direction, place, means, purpose, starting point, reason, etc.

Las preposiciones son: a, ante, bajo, con, de, desde, durante, en, entre, excepto, hacia,
["until","by means of","for","by","except","according to","without","on","and after"]
 Classification of prepositions.
The separable prepositions, in total, are nineteen:
since
a against for
before in according to
low between without
head toward so
with until about
of for back

These prepositions are classified into various groups based on the meaning they attribute to
the qualifying expressions, although some encompass more than one:
Prepositions of place — that specifically assign content of place: to,
["of","in","between","toward","for","after"]
Time prepositions — that locate an event in time: at, with, of,
["from","in","for","by","about"]
Causal prepositions — that provide a link from cause to result:
of, by.
Prepositions of purpose - which determine a purpose or objective: to,
for.
Prepositions of company — that express an association of subjects in
when to an action: with
Instrumentation prepositions - that express the means by which
has done the action: to, with, of, in.
Prepositions of manner — which indicate the way in which the action is performed: to,
{"con":"with","de":"of","en":"in","por":"for"}

ACTIVITY No. 1

The car turned and headed towards the square.

towards
b) until

I bought this record———– Pepe.

a) For
by

I have left the keys on the table.

about
between
I was working until midnight.
a) During
until

My house is at the mouth of the subway.

In
next to

The meat was so tough that it couldn't be cut even with the knife.
with
by

ACTIVITY N° 2

Locate and underline the prepositions that appear in the following text:

Reading is of great importance in the process of development and maturation of the

children. For a few years now, there has been a growing interest among parents in the
reading of their children, perhaps because they know —they are told this by the media
communication—the relationship that exists between reading and school performance.

From these pages, I would like to make you aware that the educational potential of the
reading goes beyond success in studies; reading provides culture, develops the
aesthetic sense, acts on the formation of personality, is a source of recreation and
joy

Reading is a vehicle for learning, for the development of intelligence,

for the acquisition of culture and for the education of the will.

ACTIVITY N° 3

Here is a series of incorrect sentences because the prepositions are used incorrectly.
Write the correct sentence below each one.

In exams, he always sits behind you to get inspired.

The more flowers I send him, the less attention he pays to me.

Soon the era of jet aviation arrived.

The agenda outlines the topics to be addressed.

He stood in front of me and I got angry.

Save me a spot. I will stand behind you when I return.

THE CONJUNCTIONS
Las conjunciones son palabras que no tienen variaciones en su empleo,
although they serve in the sentences to relate some of their
elements, making the entire sentence acquire an expressive sense
complete.
Conjunctions are classified into different groups, based on their function.
they fulfill the relationship of the components of a sentence.
2. Classes of conjunctions
According to the ideas they express, conjunctions can be:
COPULATIVE: and, e, nor. Examples: María speaks and Ana listens; father and son
they greet each other.
DISJUNCTIVES: or, or, now, well, or. Example: attend to me or leave.
ADVERSATIVES: but, but, instead. Example: I looked for you yesterday but I didn't find you.
I found.
CAUSALS: since, because, as, given that. Example: I do not you
Because I have little money.
CONSEQUENTIAL: then, so, in such a way that. Example:
I think, therefore I am.
CONDITIONALS: if, provided that, as long as. Example: if it rains, no.
we will go out.
CONCESSIVE: although, despite the fact that. Example: she was here, although she left.
soon.
COMPARATIVES: like, just as, just like. Example: you play at
football as the best.
FINALS: so that, in order that, with the purpose of. listen to the
instructions so that you don't make a mistake.
ACTIVITY No. 1
3. Indicate the class of these conjunctions:

but

why

then

although

yes

when

like

for what

A) Underline the conjunctions you find in the sentences. Say what type
belong.

To bread, bread; and to wine, wine.

If you raise your voice, we will hear you better.
Although he hurried, he did not arrive on time.
He said it because he was forced.
I will go to the beach or to the mountain.
What do you want, lemonade or horchata?
I searched for the ball, but I didn't find it.
He was wearing a hat, but it was not to his liking.
I didn't want to ruin it, but to fix it.
If you work hard, you will achieve it.
Everyone did the drawing, except for the littlest ones.
ACTIVITY NO. 2

Point out the coordinating conjunctions in the following sentences, say what type they are.
they belong and explain their meaning:

Do you want pizza or do you prefer a hamburger?

I don't want pizza or hamburgers.

−
I want pizza but I don't want a hamburger.
−
I don’t want pizza, but a hamburger.

ACTIVITY No. 3

Distinguish in the following sentences the coordinating conjunctions and the

subordinators. Specify the type of each of them:

She is fifteen years old, that is, the age of dreams.

If you had driven the car carefully, you wouldn't have crashed.
We brought chickens and made a great meal.
Are you going out or coming in?

She is not my aunt, but my sister.

Although we tried to go, it was impossible for us.
Do you prefer tea or coffee?

The determinants

It always appears before a name (or a word that functions as such)

to clarify its meaning: us

and information about him. The determiners can be:

1. Articles: They are determiners that accompany the noun to indicate whether
it is about a known being or

unknown. They are definite (the) and indefinite (a, an)

unos, unas).

2. Demonstratives: accompany the noun to indicate its proximity or distance

in relation to the person

that speaks. Close: this, this (feminine), these (masculine), these (feminine). Medium distance: that, that (feminine), those (masculine)

those. Far: that, that, those

those.

3. Possessives: accompany the noun indicating possession or belonging.

They can refer to a single possessor

(a person) or to several holders (several people). Mine, mine (feminine), mine (plural masculine), mine (plural feminine),
{"mi":"my","mis":"my (plural)","nuestro/a":"our (masculine/feminine)"}

nuestros/as, tuyo/a, tuyos/as, tu, tus, vuestro/a, vuestros/as, suyo/a, suyos/as,

his, hers.

4. Numerals: accompany the noun and indicate number or order. They can be
cardinals (two, eight...) and

ordinal (second, eighth...)

5. Indefinites: Indicate that the exact quantity of what is named is unknown.

example: same, each, some

any, none, so much, a lot, few, diverse, several, equal, another, everything...

6. Interrogatives and exclamatives: They are those that accompany the noun in
interrogative sentences or

exclamatory. They are interrogative and exclamatory determiners: What,

Cuánto/a/os, Cuál, Cuáles.

The Interjections
Interjections do not constitute a part of the sentence, but rather they are
equivalents of a sentence that express a

living feeling (oh!), an energetic call (hey!, stop!) or they describe

elementally an action (bam!). Others:

Hello!, Paf!. Etc.

Interpret, understand, and write in your notebook the understanding of the

following interjections
CONFRONTATION STRATEGIES
Complete pages 10, 58, 106, 154 of the guide text.