Gold: Properties, Uses, and History
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ScribdTranslationsTHEGOLD
MEMBERS
HERNANDO ALVARADO LIZARRAGA
ASENCIO ALTAMIRANO, CRISTOFER
VALDEZ CHUMACERO, ELISEO
VALENCIA POLO, FRANCE
VEGA GUILLERMO, NEHEMIAS
Gold is a chemical element with the atomic number 79. It is located in the
Group 11 of the periodic table. It is a soft precious metal of yellow color.
It is a soft, shiny, yellow, heavy, malleable, and ductile transition metal.
THE ROLE OF GOLD IN HISTORY
Gold has had and continues to have a double interest throughout history. As a valuable metal in itself
the same, has been a means of saving, support for personal or national economies, of
political powers, or investment in the form of bars and coins.
GOLD IN NATURE
The geochemical cycle of gold has been divided into stages,
in the hypogean environment this metal is enriched by
a magmatic phase, initial stage generated by fusion
partial in deep continental areas of rocks that
they contain 0.005 p.p.m of gold, which when activated by
the presence of water, pressure and elevated temperature,
they crystallize forming the Earth's crust where gold
it is distributed with an average of 0.004 p.p.m.
Native gold Electrum
Native gold from the placers generally Most of the silver in the gold is
contains smaller amounts of silver than finds as a constituent of the network
the corresponding primary deposits and crystalline, there is a wide range of substitution
contains greater purity, due to the silver and that goes from native gold through gold
other elements have been partially argentiferous (electrum), gold-bearing silver (kustetita)
leachates. up to native silver.
GOLD MINERALS
MAIN
Minerals associated with gold
Gold is a common microconstituent in a Gold tellurides
a large number of sulfides and sulfoarsenides, they They are the only other gold minerals, apart from
focus on the species of Cu, Ag, and Sb, of the metallic gold that has importance
economically, they are generally found
pyrite and arsenopyrite, the sulfides of Pb and Zn and
sulfosalts usually do not contain high associated with native gold and with sulfides.
gold values.
TYPES OF
DEPOSITS
Vetas and AURIFEROUS
veins of
quartz Deposits
auriferous. Epitermales
quartz epitermales
Veins and lodes of gold-bearing quartz.
The quartz veins with gold mineralization
and other less relevant metals occur
in two main geological units
In the Andean Western Batholith
especially in a middle part (area of
Nazca, Ocoña.
In the Paleozoic rock package and
neighboring intrusive rocks that constitute
the Eastern Mountain Range.
Fossil Pleasures
Pleasures
All known examples are pre-
Unconsolidated sand compounds or
Cambrians and have been lithified until
semi-consolidated and gravel, which
become conglomerates forming
they contain very small amounts of
part of the base, are composed
native gold and other heavy minerals.
for quartz, pyrite, and mica minerals.
Epithermal Deposits
Gold as a Byproduct. Disseminated Gold Deposits
Where gold is the lesser constituent Deposits of this type have been
common of the ore and can be recently put into operation.
recovered during the processes of They consist of scattered gold in
smelting and refining of the very fine grains in limestones, dolomites and
base metal concentrates. limousines.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GOLD
PROPERTIES GOLD
Hardness (Mohs) 2.5
Chemical symbol To
Color Yellow
Atomic radius, A° 1.46
Atomic weight 197
Ionic radio. A° 1.37
Atomic number 79
Oxidation state 3.1
Normal potential, volts 1.498
Specific density 19.3 Electrical Resistance, MHm. 2.25
Melting temperature °C 1063
Electronegativity 2.4
Boiling temperature °C 2530
Vaporization temperature °C 2808
Heat of fusion, cal/g. 16.3
Chemical properties
It is easily soluble in aqua regia or in other mixtures that release chlorine. It also
dissolve iodine in its nascent state and cyanides.
Hydrochloric acid and nitric acid alone do not attack it.
It is not attacked by molten alkalis.
Sulfuric acid attacks it above 300°C.
Gold alloys easily with mercury (mercury amalgam). Heating
carefully the formed amalgam, the mercury evaporates and the gold remains in form
fluffy.
Gold is the most "non-reactive" of all metals, it is benign in all environments.
natural and industrial. Gold never reacts with oxygen, so it will hardly oxidize.
it will fog up.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Gold is a malleable and ductile metal, in the form of a bar it can be cut into pieces,
to model and hammer in cold; in the form of a sheet, it may not exceed
thickness of one fifteenth of a micron, that is to say the fifteenth part of a
thousandth of a millimeter (0.0001mm), which allows light to pass through taking a
bluish-green color, but with reflected light it displays its characteristic color.
Jewelry
USES OF GOLD Investment
Technology
Jewelry.
The demand for jewelry is the component with the highest percentage.
due to its volume, around 59%
India is the leading jewelry market in the world due to the
culture and tradition that this country maintains.
Investment.
Most investment portfolios incorporate stocks and bonds.
what are very traditional financial assets.
Most investment portfolios hold financial assets.
such as stocks and bonds.
Technology.
It is the element with the lowest percentage of demand.
Approximately 12% of the demand for gold comes from the
technological applications.
Gold proves to be biocompatible within the human body, which
it turns out to be a large percentage of direct applications of gold
as medical material.
Electronics
Manufacturers in this sector use gold to create components for systems
computers, phones, and televisions. Millions of machines are manufactured each year and gold
plays a very important role in many of its components.
Medicine
Gold is resistant to bacteria and can be used for implants where there is a
high risk of infection.
Engineering
In this sector, gold provides good resistance in many cases, such as in the
oxidation or corrosion.
MINING EXPLOITATION:
mining exploitation is one of the main causes
from environmental pollution.