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6 views24 pagesComprehensive Guide to Milling Processes
This document describes the dry milling processes to transform whole grain rice into polished and parboiled white rice. These processes include drying, cleaning, husking, dehulling, polishing, grading, and parboiling of the rice to remove the bran and germ and produce white rice with a longer shelf life and higher nutritional value. The ultimate goal is to obtain polished white rice that meets specifications for color, size, and quality.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
6 views24 pagesComprehensive Guide to Milling Processes
This document describes the dry milling processes to transform whole grain rice into polished and parboiled white rice. These processes include drying, cleaning, husking, dehulling, polishing, grading, and parboiling of the rice to remove the bran and germ and produce white rice with a longer shelf life and higher nutritional value. The ultimate goal is to obtain polished white rice that meets specifications for color, size, and quality.
Translated by
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Milling Processes
Dry Milling
Dry Milling
The seeds of the cereals protect the substances of their
interior through one or more shells. The dry grinding consists of
the physical separation of the different anatomical parts of the
grain, has as its main objective to obtain the endosperm in
whole form, partially broken or in flour.
Currently, the milling processes can be
subdivide into four major segments: a) grinding
traditional for the production of whole flours or flours
semi-refined b) decorticator mills and/or polishers of
grains (polished rice and oats, sorghum, barley, and millet)
decorticated); c) milling with rollers for manufacturing
of flours or durum wheat semolina; d) corn milling industry
whose aim is to produce broken endosperm, granules and
flours of different granulometries.
Traditional grinding
The grains are still being processed with
instruments ranging from mills of
manual stones, up to stone mills of
larger scale operated with beasts,
winds, water, and wooden mortars. The
the objective is to produce flours of size
coarse particle, whole flours or
partially peeled years old
germinated.
Hollowed trunk of a tree
Peeling or stripping
The operation of husking and/or peeling is applied
generally to rice, oats, barley, and millet. The
the objective of the process is to gradually and efficiently remove
to the pericarp and to the germ to produce a grain with
less fiber and oil. The simplest method
it consists of removing the husk and germ from the grain in a
wooden mortar. The process becomes more efficient with
batch or continuous machines that contain a system
of abrasive discs, rollers, or cylinders. The purpose of
this operation is to obtain the maximum percentage of grains
integers that meet the color specifications,
amount of ashes, fiber, and oil.
Rice milling
Of all cereals, rice is the one that is most
consume as whole grain.
The milling of rice consists of a series of
highly mechanized and complex operations,
whose purpose is to produce a hulled grain,
peeled and polished that meets the specifications
of size, color, and shelf life.
The grinding basically consists of six
operaciones : secado, limpieza, descascarillado,
decorticated, polished, and classified.
1.- Drying
The harvesting and drying operations must be carried out with the
clear objective of avoiding damage to the structure of the endosperm
(cracks, broken or fractured grains) that translate into
lower grinding yields. There are two ways to
drying of the grain, natural and artificial. In natural drying or to
only the whole rice is simply spread out in a
surface and exposed to slow sun drying, this operation is
the one that causes the least fissures in the grain's endosperm and because
consequently favors milling yields. The
disadvantage greater possibility of insect, rodent attack
and deterioration due to weather conditions.
Most of the rice is artificially dried until its
humidity at 11%. The higher the temperature and speed of
Drying, the higher the percentage of broken rice.
2.- Cleaning
The cleaning process is carried out on screening tables.
equipped with air suction systems to remove
vegetative waste, stones, and other larger materials
size of whole rice. Subsequently, the grain
partially clean is transferred to disk separators. The
the first separator contains discs with grooves to collect,
lift and separate grains with the same dimensions as the
whole rice, discriminating larger seed residues
that the grain. The second separator is similar but contains
discs with smaller hollows, to remove seeds
of herbs or smaller grains. During the cycle of
cleaning, the entire batch of rice goes through magnets that
they are responsible for separating ferrous metals that could damage the
team.
Screening table for cleaning of
grains
Disc separator
3.- Shelling
Brown rice or whole grain rice (husked) is hulled.
to produce brown or whole grain rice. The system of
the most popular hulling is the roller thresher
coated with rubber, consisting of a pair of rollers that
they rotate in opposite directions and at different speeds one from the other
another. The space or light between rollers is calibrated according to the
type, size or variety of the grain. To achieve separating the rice
Whole brown rice is used on tables.
density meters, gravity screening tables or separators
of disks. The whole segregated rice is conducted again
to the peeling system.
Thresher (huller) of
rollers
Abrasive disc peeler
Densitometric table
Decortication and polishing system
This operation aims to remove
gradually the bran (pericarp +
germ) of brown rice to produce rice
commercial white.
There are basically two types of systems
for husking rice: systems
abrasives, also called whiteners
and the friction ones.
Abrasive decorticator
Decortication and polishing system
Abrasive systems are the oldest and
consist of a vertical stone in cone shape
that spins and fits over a conical and metallic casing
and perforated. The rice enters from the top of the
equipment between the abrasive stone and the outer cover.
Decortication is carried out by abrasion as
if the grain were being sanded against the face
exterior of the stone that spins at a speed
peripheral of 800 m/s.
Decortication and polishing system
The bran is separated from the white rice by means of
of an air suction system or table
gravimetric.
Subsequently, the white rice is subjected to the
polishing operation, which is carried out on a piece of equipment
similar to that of the peeling.
It consists of a vertical cylinder covered with leather.
and surrounded by a metal mesh
The rice is polished through its transit and friction to
through the walls of the cylinder.
Decortication and polishing system
At the end of the milling operation, it
obtains polished whole rice, broken rice,
20% of husk and 10% of bran.
The remaining 70% is made up of rice.
whole and broken white. On the table, there
you can observe a comparison in the
chemical composition of paddy rice,
brown rice, white rice and white rice
parabolized.
Parbolization
The parbolization involves letting the rice rest.
whole in cold or hot water up to 75 ºC with the
aiming to increase the grain's moisture to
35%. The water that the endosperm adsorbs will be the
essential vehicle for causing gelatinization of
starch once the grain undergoes the process of
cooking.
The whole gelatinized rice is dried carefully.
The gelatinization of starch increases hardness.
of the grain and seals the microcracks of the endosperm,
creating a product more resistant to grinding.
Parbolization
Changes in physical properties are seen
reflected in an improved milling performance
like in the appearance of the grain, for rice
Parabolized is darker and firmer once it is
kitchen.
Nutritionally, rice is considered
parabolized retains larger amounts of vitamins
By minerals that conventional rice, this is
because during the process of parbolization there is
a migration of these nutrients, present in the
aleurone, towards the interior of the endosperm.
GRINDING SYSTEM
TYPICAL FOR
TRANSFORM RICE
ENTER IN RICE
POLISHED WHITE AND
PARABOLIZED