COSMETIC SCIENCE

DR. KALAM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

Periyanayagipuram,Avanam post,
Peravurani taluk,
Thanjavur district-614 623.

ASSIGNMENT NO : 01.

TOPIC NAME : Principle of Formulation & Building

Blocks of Shampoo, Hair oil, Hair Dye.

Submitted To: Submitted By:

[Link] kumar, [Link]., PGDTT, Ph.D. Santhosh.M,
Professor, Reg NO :560021524581.
Department of Pharmaceutics. [Link](sem-8),
[Link] College of Pharmacy. [Link] College of Pharmacy.
 HAIR CARE PRODUCT
❖ INTRODUCTION:
➢ Hair care product is defined as any cosmetics or therapeutic
preparation that is used to clean, condition, style or protect the hair
& scalp.
➢ A number of products are used for hair both men &women.
➢ The hair care product provide protection, sensory& sexual
attractiveness function to human.
➢ Hair care cosmetics are designed and developed to keep hair feeling
good and looking beautiful& to maintain the scalp in a healthy
condition.
❖ TYPES:
Based on function &target consumer benefit
Shampoo Hair straighteners
Hair oil Shaving product
Hair colourant (dyes) Depilatories
Hair waving product

HAIR SHAMPOO
❖ INTRODUCTION:
➢ A viscous cosmetic preparation with synthetic detergent used for
washing hair is called shampoo.
➢ It’s principle function is to clean the scalp such as it should be free
from sebum & foreign substance.
➢ Shampoo also makes the hair lustrous &good looking. Apart from
cleaning, the shampoo may also used for medicinal purpose.
❖ IDEAL PROPERTIES:
• It should be have optimum viscosity.
• It should be have good spreading ability.
• It should be have sufficient lather after application.
 • It should be have able to remove waste material (debris, soil, sebum
etc..) from scalp.
• It should not form any kind of film on scalp.
• It should rinse out completely after washing.
• It should be facilitate easy combing after shampoo.
• It should be economic.
• It should be stable &half life about 2-3 years.
• It should not support any microbial growth.
• It should be have good odour both before& after shampooing.
• It should be provide lustre to the hair.
• After drying, the hair should not give rough appearance.

❖ MECHANISM:
➢ ROLL-UP MECHANISM:
• Oily deposit in which the progressive wetting of the fibre surface
leads to rapid detachment of oil droplets.
 ➢ MISCELLAR SOLUBILIZATION MECHANISM :
• The soil is solubilized into micelles that come into contact with
soiled surface.
• The efficiency of this cleansing mode depends on the availability
of sufficient quantity (con.c) of micelles, which does not usually
present a problem with conventional shampoo formulation.

➢ DISPERSION &EMULSIFICATION MECHANISM:

• In this mechanism involves the soil particles penetrated by the
diffusing detergent.
• The amphiphilic component of sebum might enhance cleansing
by direct interaction with the molecules of the surfactant.
❖ TYPES:
• Clear liquid shampoo • Power shampoo
• Liquid cream shampoo • Aerosol shampoo (Foam
• Cream shampoo shampoo)
• Gel shampoo • Special shampoo
✓ Medicated shampoo
✓ Conditioner shampoo

o CLEAR LIQUID SHAMPOO:

They are clear liquid preparation & most widely used.
They are prepared by using detergent is low cloud point. Alkanolamine
can also be used in this preparation.
FORMULAE:
INGREDIENT %
Sodium lauryl ether 40
sulphate(surfactant)
NACL 2-4
Water 100
Perfume, colour, preservatives q.s
o CREAM SHAMPOO:
These shampoos have paste like consistency& packed in a collapsible
tube.
The consistency is developed by adding of sulphate, cetyl alcohol (it act
as builder).
FORMULAE:
INGREDIENT %
Sodium lauryl ether 38
sulphate(surfactant)
cetyl alcohol 7
Water 100
Perfume, colour, preservatives q.s
o GEL SHAMPOO:
These are transparent & thick usually made by incorporating a gelling
agent.
The principle ingredient is detergent which can be used either alone or
combination with soap.
By altering the proportion of detergent, gel of required consistency can
be obtained.
Addition of methyl cellulose to clear liquid shampoo& it subsequent
thickening also gives rise to gel shampoo.
FORMULAE:
INGREDIENT %
Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium 15
chloride
Triethanolamine lauryl 28
sulphate(surfactant)
Coconut diethanolamide 7
Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose 1
Water 49
Perfume, colour, preservatives q.s
o Powder Shampoos:
As name suggests, it is available in the form of dry powder.
Powder shampoo is prepared where addition of water or other solvent
reduces the activity of the components, especially in case of medicated
shampoo.
Nowadays, these shampoos are not used due to the difficulty experienced
in their application.
Formulae:
Ingredient %
Sodium lauryl sulphate 20
(surfactant)
Sarcoside 5
Sodium bicarbonate 10
Sodium sulphate 65
Perfume q.s
✓ dry shampoo
A type of powder shampoo, initially they are applied to the head and then
removed by the brush. It doesn’t involve the use of water.
They are usually preferred, when the hair is greasy. This formulation
usually includes adsorbents.
Formulae:
Ingredient %
Starch (adsorbent) 15
Talc (adsorbent) 45
Kieselguhr (adsorbent) 40
Perfume q.s
o Aerosol Shampoos (Foam Type):
They are called aerosol shampoos because they are packed in aerosol
containers.
Their formulation, preparation and packing are complicated as an
additional propellant is included. The propellant added must be
compatible and should not reduce the activity of shampooing ingredients.
The container opening is provided with a valve. Shampoo comes out as
foam when the valve is pressed. Hence also called as foam type shampoo.
Formulae:
Ingredient %
Triethanolamine lauryl sulphate 60
(surfactant)
Coconut diethanolamide 2
Propellant 10
Perfume, colour, preservative q.s
Water 28
o Special Shampoos:
These are the shampoos which are meant for special purpose.
✓ Medicated Shampoo:
These shampoos contain medicinal agents. These agents treat the
disorders of the scalp or hair.
Examples:
Anti-lice shampoo, Anti-dandruff shampoo, Anti-baldness shampoo
IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS:
The medicinal agent added should not irritate the sebaceous glands.
It should not sensitize the scalp.
The degree of itching and scaling should also be reduced.
Formulae:
Ingredient %
Triethanolamine lauryl sulphate 60
(surfactant)
Thymol (anti-dandruff) 0.1
Camphor (counter irritant) 0.1
Perfume, colour, preservative q.s
Water 38.8
✓ Conditioner Shampoos:
These shampoos for hair conditioning. Initially they clean the hair and
scalp and keep them in smooth and lustrous condition.
Most of the conditioners are made up of Quaternary ammonium
compounds.
IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS:
These compounds have the property of reducing electric charges between
the hair; as a result, hair becomes lustrous and easily manageable.
These compounds can also exhibit a bactericidal effect.
They also prevent sticking of hairs.
Formulae:
Ingredient %
Stearyl dimethyl benzyl 5.5
ammonium chloride
Ethylene glycol monostearate 2
Cetyl alcohol 2.5
Perfume, preservative q.s
Water 90
❖ MARKETED AVAILABILE FORMULATIONS:
CLEAR LIQUID SHAMPOO: CREAM SHAMPOO:

GEL SHAMPOO: Powder Shampoos:

Aerosol Shampoos Medicated Shampoo:

❖ INGREDIENTS USED FOR SHAMPOO:
SURFACTANT:
The role of surfactant is cleanse & produce the foam.
Examples:
o Anionic surfactant: they are good foam property, used as principle
surfactant
EXAMPLE: alkyl sulphate, alkyl benzene sulphonates
o NON- INONIC SURFACTANT: they are not used to produce foam
but used as foam booster, viscosity inducer, emulsion stabilizer,
opacifier
EXAMPLES: amino acids, fatty acid alkanolamides
o CATION SURFACTANT: These are used as low con.c because it
produces toxic to eye. It also provides cleaning & foaming property.
EXAMPLES: alkylamines, ethoxylated amines
o AMPHOTERIC SURFACTANT: theses agent produces mild
action & show compatibility.
These possess excellent hair conditioning property
EXAMPLES: N-alkyl amino acid, dialkyl ethylene diamines
FOAM BOOSTER:
✓ They form rich lather such as foam which is stabilized or
strengthened by using substance is called foam booster.
✓ They used quantity is 2-5%
EXAMPLES: fatty acids, amine oxides
ANTI-DANDRUFF AGENT:
✓ These are agent used to eliminate dandruff from scalp
EXAMPLES: selenium sulphate, cadmium sulphate.
GERMICIDE:
✓ Thes are agent used to prevent the growth of micro -organism
from scalp
EXAMPLES: benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide.
CONDITIONING AGENT:
✓ These are agent improve the hair condition; they also produce
reduce the electrical charge on hair result hair become lustrous.
✓ They also produce bactericidal effect.
EXAMPLES: egg, amino acid
PEARLESCENT AGENT:
✓ They make the preparation transparent or opaque so it called
opacifying agent, these agents are added adjuvant to
conditioning agent
EXAMPLES: alkanolamines, coumarins
SEQUESTERING AGENT:
✓ These agents used to prevent deposition of calcium, magnesium
salt of soap on the hair.
EXAMPLES: EDTA salt, polyphosphates
THICKENING AGENT:
✓ Thes are agent to add the formulation to make the preparation
is thick & viscous
EXAMPLES: methyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol
PERFUMES:
✓ Thes are agent to provide good fragrance to shampoo
EXAMPLES: flowers, fruit & herb extract
PRESERVATIVES:
✓ Thes are agent to prevent the growth of the micro-organism&
improve the stability of product
 EXAMPLES: benzoic acid, phenyl mercuric nitrate
COLOURANT:
✓ Thes are agent to provide pleasant appearance to the product
EXAMPLES: sunset yellow
❖ EVALUATION TEAT:
✓ Skin toxicity test
✓ Eye toxicity test
✓ Evaluation of antimicrobial activity
✓ Hair wash test
✓ Photographic evaluation
✓ Preservative efficacy test
❖ ADVANTAGE:
✓ To clean the hair& scalp
✓ Improve the hair appearance
✓ Easy application& rinsing
✓ Strengthen& protect the hair
✓ Pleasant fragrance
❖ DISADVANTAGE:
✓ May causes dryness
✓ Scalp irritation& allergy
✓ Expansive
✓ Temperature effect
❖ APPLICATION:
✓ Cleansing the hair & scalp
✓ Improve hair appearance
✓ Conditioning of hair
✓ Treatment purpose (dandruff, hair fall)
✓ Refreshing effect
❖ CONCLUSION:
✓ Shampoo is an essential hair care product used to clean the scalp &
hair by removing dirt, oil& impurity.
✓ It not only maintains hair hygiene but also improve the hair
appearance, texture & manageability. The modern shampoo is
formulated with conditioning agent & etc. that provide additional
benefit for hair& scalp.
✓ Therefore, selection a suitable shampoo according to hair type and
using it properly ensure healthy, shiny& manageable hair.
❖ Reference:
✓ Barnett, G and powers, D.H, [Link] chemistry.1951,2:219.
✓ Goldemberg, R.L, J. soc. Cosmetics chemistry 1977,28;667.
✓ Hart, J.R and levy, E.F, soap cosmetic chemistry 1977,53;31.
✓ Koeber, [Link] al., soap cosmetic chemistry 1972,48;86.
✓ De Navarre,M.G., Am. perfum. essential oil,1950,55;109.
✓ Images reference google.
 HAIR OIL
Definition:
• Hair oil is a cosmetic preparation made up of a blend of natural or synthetic
oils designed to nourish, condition, and improve the health and appearance of
the hair and scalp.
• It may contain essential oils, vitamins, and herbal extracts that support hair
growth and shine.

Objective:
• Nourishing hair and scalp .
• To prevent hair fall and dryness.
• To promote hair growth and reduce dandruff.
• Improving hair texture, shine, and manageability.
• Supporting the treatment of scalp disorders.
• To protect hair from environmental damage and UV radiation.

Characteristics of Ideal Hair Oil:

✓ Non-greasy and easily spreadable.
✓ Pleasant odor and stable formulation.
✓ Non-irritant to scalp and skin.
✓ Should improve hair strength, smoothness, and shine.
✓ Should not cause stickiness or dryness after use.
✓ pH should be 4.5–6 for scalp compatibility.

Classification:
A. Based on Source:

 Natural oils (e.g., Coconut oil, Castor oil, Almond oil, Olive oil)
 Mineral oils (e.g., Liquid paraffin)
 Synthetic oils (e.g., Silicone-based oils)
B. Based on Function:

 Nourishing oils (e.g., Amla oil, Bhringraj oil)

 Conditioning oils (e.g., Olive oil, Argan oil)
 Medicated oils (e.g., Anti-dandruff oil with Ketoconazole or Neem)
 Aromatic oils (e.g., Lavender or Rosemary oil)
 HAIR OIL
Principle:

 The principle of hair oil formulation is to deliver nutrients & based on oil’s
ability to penetrate the hair shaft and scalp, thereby nourishing hair
follicles, reduce mechanical damage, reducing protein loss, and
maintaining the natural lipid layer of the hair to keep it healthy, smooth,
and shiny.
Formulation Ingredients:

Ingredients Examples Role of Ingredients

Active Ingredients Amla extract, Bhringraj, Brahmi. Promote hair growth, reduce
hair fall.
Base oils coconut, almond, castor, olive, jojoba. Carrier for active
ingredients.
Herbal extracts fenugreek, curry leaves, onion, amla, Promote the hair growth,
neem prevent premature Greying.
Perfume/Essential Jasmine, Rose, Lavender Provide fragrance and
Oils freshness.
Colorants Herbal color or permitted dyes For appearance.
Antioxidants Vitamin E, BHT Prevent rancidity.
preservatives Methylparaben, Propylparaben Prevent microbial growth.

Procedure for Preparation:

[Link] method:
Dried herbal powder → Tied in muslin cloth → Hanged in Coconut oil Base →
Continuous boiling &Stirring→ Oil Filtered →Ready for use.

[Link] Method:
Fresh fruit/Pulp → Made into paste by using water →Kept overnight → Mix with
Oil base → Continuous boiling &Stirring → Evaporate the Water→ Actives
Extracted → Filtered through muslin cloth→ Cooled→ Ready for use.

[Link] boiling Method:

Powder crude Drug→Mixed Directly into Coconut Oil→ Continuous Stirring&
Heating→Active components Extracted→Filtered→ Ready for use.

[Link] of oil base: Choose suitable base oil(s) like coconut or sesame oil.
 HAIR OIL

2. Mixing: Measure and mix all oils in a stainless-steel vessel.

3. Addition of herbal extracts: Add herbal powders or extracts (Amla, Brahmi)

and heat gently at 70–80°C with constant stirring.

4. Filtration: After complete extraction (2–3 hours heating), filter the oil to
remove solid residues.

5. Cooling: Allow the oil to cool at room temperature. Store in airtight

containers.

6. Addition of perfume, color, and preservatives: Add

when oil is lukewarm.

7. Packaging: Fill in amber glass or plastic bottles and label properly.

Evaluation Tests:

1. Physical appearance:
 Color, clarity, and odor visual Parameters are examined.
 Should be clear, uniform, and free from sediment or rancid smell.
 Limit: Must comply with standard organoleptic properties mentioned in
pharmacopeia.
2. pH:
 Measured using a calibrated pH meter (1% oil-in-water emulsion).
 Ensures oil is mild and non-irritant to scalp.
 Limit: pH 4.5 – 6.5 (as per cosmetic standards for scalp safety).

3. Viscosity:
 Determined using a Brookfield viscometer.
 Importance: Indicates flow and spreading properties on hair/scalp.
 Limit: 50–150 centipoise (cP) depending on formulation type.
 HAIR OIL
4. Acid value:
 Test:Amount of free fatty acids present; expressed as mg KOH/g of oil.
 Importance: High acid value indicates rancidity.
 Limit: Not more than 2 mg KOH/g (as per Indian Pharmacopoeia).
5. Saponification value:
 Test: Measures total fatty acids present in the oil.
 Importance: Indicates purity and molecular weight of fatty acids.
 Limit: 180–200 mg KOH/g (IP standard range).
6. Refractive index:
 Test: Measured at 40°C using a refractometer.
 Importance: Indicates purity and uniformity of oil.
 Limit: 1.460 – 1.470 (typical range for coconut or base oils).
7. Specific gravity:
 Test: Measured using a pycnometer at 25°C.
 Importance: Confirms identity and concentration of oil.
 Limit: 0.910 – 0.950 (as per cosmetic standards for hair oils).
8. Stability test:
 Test: Oil is subjected to temperature variation (40°C, 45°C) and
centrifugation.
 Importance: Checks phase separation, color, and odor stability.
 Limit: No phase separation or rancidity after 3 months.
9. Hair growth test:
Test: Conducted on animal models (e.g., shaved rats) or human volunteers.
Importance: Measures time and extent of hair regrowth.
Limit: Should show significant increase in hair length/density compared to
control within 21–30 days.
[Link] & Heavy Metals Tests:
Microbiological Limit:
 Total viable microorganisms not more than 1000 per gram of hair oil.
Heavy Metals Limit (as per IS):
 Lead (Pb): Not more than 10 ppm.
 Arsenic (As₂O₃): Not more than 1 ppm.

Advantages:
 Provides nourishment and lubrication to scalp and hair.
 Promotes hair growth and reduces hair fall.
 Prevents dryness and split ends. Prevents breakage .
 HAIR OIL
 Enhances shine, smoothness, and manageability.
 Can deliver herbal actives or vitamins effectively.
 Promotes hydration and shine.

Disadvantages:
 May cause stickiness and greasiness if not well formulated.
 Risk of scalp irritation or allergic reactions.
 Can attract dust and pollutants.
 Rancidity can occur if stored improperly.
Applications:
➔ Used as a daily hair care cosmetic.
➔ Used for scalp massage to improve blood circulation.
➔ In preparation of shampoos, conditioners, and serums.
➔ Hair nourishment.
➔ Scalp treatment.
➔ Management of hair disorders (dandruff, hair loss).
Future Direction

The hair oil market is increasingly focusing on:

Use of biodegradable and eco-friendly oils.
Personalized formulations based on hair type and scalp condition.
Expanding applications for men, ethnic hair types
Ingredient innovation with lab-blended complexes
Development of nanoemulsion-based hair oils for better absorption.
Incorporation of natural antioxidants and UV protectants.
Smart packaging with controlled dispensing.

Popular Hair Oil Brands:

[Link] Coconut Hair Oil [Link] Gold Coconut Oil [Link] Bhringa Hair Oil
 HAIR OIL

[Link] Amla Hair Oil 5. Bajaj Almond Drops Hair Oil 6. Wow Onion Black Seed Hair Oil

[Link] hair oil

Conclusion:

Hair oils play a vital role in maintaining hair health and beauty
by nourishing the scalp, strengthening roots, and preventing
hair damage. With advancements in formulation science,
modern hair oils are now enhanced with herbal extracts and
vitamins for both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits.
References:

1. P.P. Sharma, “Cosmetics – Formulation, Manufacturing and

Quality Control,” 4th Edition, Vandana Publications, 2022.

2. Harry’s Cosmeticology, 9th Edition, by Meyer R. Rosen,

Chemical Publishing Company, New York.

3. Balsam, M.S. & Sagarin, E., “Cosmetics Science and Technology,” Vol. 1–3,
Wiley-Interscience, 2nd Edition.

4. Nanda, S. and Nanda, A., “Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology,”

Marcel Dekker.
5. Textbook of Cosmetic Formulation by R. Saraswathi, CBS Publishers.
 HAIR DYE
Definition:
• Hair dye is a cosmetic preparation used to change or restore the color of hair.
• It may be used for fashion purposes, to cover grey hair, or to enhance natural
color using natural or synthetic coloring agents.
Objective:
❖ To impart desired color or shade to hair.
❖ To enhance the appearance and personality.
❖ To provide conditioning and shine to the hair.
❖ To protect hair from environmental damage (in modern formulations).
❖ covering gray hair or white hair, creating new looks, or restoring original
pigment after discoloration.
Characteristics of an Ideal Hair Dye:
✓ Should give uniform and natural color to hair.
✓ Should not damage the hair shaft or scalp.
✓ Color should be stable and long-lasting.
✓ Should be easy to apply and remove.
✓ Non-toxic, non-irritant, and compatible with scalp.
✓ Pleasant fragrance and good spreadability.
Classification of Hair Dyes:
A. Based on Permanency
1. Temporary dyes:
 Provide color for 1–2 washes only.
Example: Colored hair sprays, hair mascaras, rinses.
2. Semi-permanent dyes:
 Lasts for 5–10 washes; does not require oxidation.
Example: Nitro dyes, direct dyes.
 HAIR DYE
3. Semi-permanent dyes:
 Contain low-level peroxide; penetrate partially.
Example: Ammonia-free oxidative dyes.
4. Permanent dyes (oxidative dyes):
 Long-lasting; involve oxidation of dye precursors using hydrogen peroxide.
Example: Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) with couplers and peroxide.
B. Based on Source:
Natural dyes: Henna, Indigo, Amla, Coffee, Tea.
Synthetic dyes: PPD, resorcinol, para-aminophenol.
Mineral dyes: Lead salts, silver nitrate.
C. Based on Dosage form(product):
 HAIR DYE
Formulation Ingredients:

Ingredients Examples Role of Ingredients

Para-phenylenediamine Form color after oxidation

Primary intermediates (PPD), para-aminophenol
Couplers Resorcinol, m-aminophenol Modify tone and intensity

Oxidizing agent Hydrogen peroxide (3–6%) Develops color

Vehicle Water, ethanol Solvent and dispersion

medium
Alkalizing agent Ammonium hydroxide Opens hair cuticle, promotes
dye penetration
Conditioning agent Cetyl alcohol, lanolin, Softens and conditions hair
silicone
Thickener Hydroxyethyl cellulose Increases viscosity
Perfume Rose, lavender Provides fragrance
Preservative Parabens, sodium benzoate Prevent microbial
contamination

Principle:
 Hair dyeing is based on the penetration of colorants into the hair cortex and
oxidation of dye precursors.
 In permanent dyes use oxidation (ammonia and peroxide) to break natural
pigments and deposit new colors.
 Temporary dyes use surface deposition without chemical penetration.

Procedure for Preparation (Oxidative Hair Dye):

1. Preparation of base: Dissolve surfactant, thickener, and conditioning agents in
water.

2. Addition of dye intermediates: Add Para-phenylenediamine, Para-aminophenol

(PPD), resorcinol, or other dye precursors with stirring.
 HAIR DYE
[Link] of pH: Add ammonium hydroxide to achieve pH 9–10.

[Link] of perfume and preservative.

[Link]: Fill into suitable collapsible tubes or bottles.

[Link] use: Mix with hydrogen peroxide solution (developer) just before
application.

Evaluation Tests:
1. Physical Appearance:
 Hair dye should be smooth, homogeneous, and free from lumps or foreign
matter. It must have uniform color and pleasant odor.
 Limit: Must comply with visual and sensory standards (I.P. General
Tests).
2. pH:
 pH determines product compatibility with scalp and stability.
 Measured using a calibrated pH meter at 25 °C.
 Limit: 5.0–7.5 (as per I.P. and BIS standards for hair preparations).
3. Viscosity:
 Ensures proper consistency for application and uniform spreading.
 Measured by Brookfield viscometer at 25 °C.
 Limit: 50–500 cP depending on formulation type (cream or liquid dye).
4. 4. Color Fastness:
 Checks dye resistance to washing, light, and rubbing.
 Hair sample is washed and dried several times to observe fading.
 Limit: Color retention should be ≥ 90% after 3 wash cycles (acceptable
per cosmetic standards).
 HAIR DYE
5. Skin Irritation Test:
 Evaluates product safety on skin using patch test on human/animal model.
 No redness, itching, or swelling should appear after 24 h.
 Limit: No irritation or erythema (Score 0) as per I.P. dermatological
standards.
6. Stability Study:
 Assesses product integrity under accelerated (40 °C/75% RH) and real-time
conditions. Parameters like color, odor, and pH should remain unchanged.
 Limit: No significant change after 3 months accelerated or 12 months real-
time storage.
7. Color Development Test:
 Measures intensity and uniformity of color after application on hair.
 Comparison is done with standard shade under controlled light.
 Limit: Color intensity deviation ≤ ±10% from standard reference.
8. Sensitization Test:
 The test carried out on animal Skin. The colorants applied on Skin & are Kept
Under Observation For 24 Hrs.
 If no reaction occurs, colorant is said to Non-sensitizing or Non-Irritant.
9. Toxic Effect test:
 Toxic Effects are studied in animal to Know about the long-term effect of the
preparation.

Advantages:
✓ Provides desired hair color and fashion effect.
✓ Covers grey and white hair effectively.
✓ Enhances beauty and confidence.
✓ Some dyes include conditioning and shine-enhancing agents.
Disadvantages:
 May cause allergic reactions (especially PPD).
 Repeated use can make hair dry or brittle.
 Fading with time due to sunlight or washing.
 Improper use can cause scalp irritation or staining of skin.
 Maintenance and Regrowth require reapplication.
 HAIR DYE
Applications:
❖ Cosmetic coloring of scalp hair, beard, and moustache.
❖ Professional salon treatments.
❖ Concealing gray/white hair
❖ Artistic hair design for shows.
❖ Fashion and film industry usage.
❖ Used in combination with conditioners for improved texture.
Future Direction:
Development of herbal/natural, ammonia-free, and PPD-free formulations.
Sustainable, plant-based, and biodegradable dyes minimizing
environmental impact.
Use of nanotechnology for deeper penetration and longer retention.
3D color formulations with shine enhancement.
Bio-based dyes derived from plant or microbial sources.
Smart hair colorants that change shade with light or pH.
Personalized dye solutions for individual hair types and color preferences.
Rise of temporary and semi-permanent options for greater flexibility.

HOW TO APPLY:
 HAIR DYE
[Link] Glossy Curl Color 2. Indica Herbal Hair Dye 3. Garnier Color Naturals
Garnier Color Naturals

[Link] Color 6. Revlon Colorsilk 7. Garnier olia ammonia

Sensation 5. Garnier Nutrisse Hair Color free hair color
 HAIR DYE

Conclusion:
Hair dyes are essential cosmetic products widely used for aesthetic and confidence
enhancement. Modern formulations combine science and safety, balancing coloring
efficiency with conditioning benefits. With the growing preference for natural and
herbal ingredients, future hair dyes are expected to be safer, sustainable, and
environmentally friendly.
References:
1. P.P. Sharma, Cosmetics – Formulation, Manufacturing and Quality Control, 4th
Edition, Vandana Publications, 2022.
2. Harry’s Cosmeticology, 9th Edition, Meyer R. Rosen, Chemical Publishing Co.,
New York.
3. Balsam, M.S. & Sagarin, E., Cosmetics Science and Technology, Vol. I–III, Wiley-
Interscience.
4. R. Saraswathi, Textbook of Cosmetic Formulation, CBS Publishers &
Distributors.
5. Wilkinson, J.B. & Moore, R.J., Harry’s Cosmeticology, Longman Scientific &
Technical.