Subject- Physics
Class XI
[Link] Methods
Scalar quantity - it has magnitude only
Vector quantity-it has magnitude as well as direction
Types of vectors-
1. Parallel vector - having same direction
2. Equal vector- having equal magnitude and same direction
3. Anti- parallel vector -have opposite direction
4. Negative or Opposite vector - equal magnitude but opposite direction
5. Null or zero vector - it has zero magnitude
6. Co-initial vector - same initial point
7. Co-linear vector - lying in the same line
8. Co-planar vector - located in same plane
9. Concurrent vector- passing through common point
[Link] vector- having unit magnitude
[Link] vector- have initial point and point of application are same
[Link] vector - it is used in rotational motion, direction is along the axis of
rotation.
Vector operations-
1. Multiplication of vector with scalar gives a vector quantity.
2. Triangular law of vector addition-
⃗
R =⃗
A +⃗
B ,
R|=R=√ A 2+ B2 +2 AB cos θ
Magnitude, |⃗
Bsinθ
Direction, tan∝=
A+ Bcosθ
3. Law of parallelogram of vector addition-
⃗
R =⃗
A +⃗
B
R|=R=√ A 2+ B2 +2 AB cos θ
Magnitude, |⃗
Bsinθ A sinθ
Direction, tan∝= A+ Bcosθ and tan β = B+ A cosθ
Note- 1. If the magnitude of two vector are same, then resultant is angle
bisector.
[Link] two vectors have equal in magnitude & θ is the angle between
them, then magnitude of resultant is 2acos(θ/2).
4. Law of polygon -
⃗
R =⃗
A +⃗
B +⃗
C+⃗
D
Note- If n number of vectors of equal magnitude is arranging at equal angle
of separation, then their resultant is always zero.
Subtraction of two vectors-
Note- 1. If the magnitude of two vector are same, then resultant is angle
bisector.
[Link] two vectors have equal in magnitude & θ is the angle between
them, then magnitude of resultant is 2asin(θ/2).
Resolution of vectors- Splitting of vectors in it’s components
, ,
Rx = Rcosθ, Ry = Rsinθ
Note- If two vectors are equal, it means that their corresponding components
are also equal and vice versa.
Multiplication of vectors-
1) Scalar or Dot product-
The scalar or dot product of two non-zero vectors is defined as
product of magnitude of two vectors and the cosine of the angle between the
two vectors.
⃗ ⃗ =PQ cos θ ,
P ∙Q where θ is angle between P and Q .
Characteristics of scalar product-
1. Dot product is always scalar.
2. Dot product obeys commutative law of vector multiplication.
3. Dot product obeys distributive law of vector multiplication.
4. Scalar product of two parallel vectors will be maximum.
5. Scalar product of two orthogonal or perpendicular vectors will
be zero.
6. Scalar product of a vector by itself is equal to square of magnitude
of it’s vector.
7. Scalar product of a unit vector by itself is equal to one i.e.
^ ^j∙ ^j= k^ ∙ k^ =1
^ i=
i∙
[Link] terms of components-
2. Vector or Cross Product of two vectors-
The vector or cross product of two non-zero vectors is defined as
product of magnitude of two vectors and the sine of the angle between
them and it’s direction perpendicular to the plane containing both the
vectors according to right hand screw rule.
Where n^ is vector perpendicular to plane containing both vectors.
Characteristics of vector product-
[Link] product is not commutative.
[Link] product is distributive.
[Link] product of two parallel vectors will be zero.
4. Cross product of two orthogonal or perpendicular vectors will Maximum.
[Link] product of two anti- parallel vectors will be zero.
[Link] case of rectangular orthogonal unit vectors-
7. In case of components
| |
i^ ^j k^
⃗ ⃗
A × B= A x A y Az
Bx By Bz
[Link] two vectors are parallel to each other, then their cross product is zero.
Also the ratio of respective direction coefficients remains constant.
[Link] ⃗A∧⃗B are two sides of a triangle, then its area is
1
area of triangle = 2 ⌈ ⃗
A×⃗
B⌉
[Link] ⃗A∧⃗
B are two adjacent sides of parallelogram, then
Area of parallelogram = ⌈⃗
A ×⃗
B⌉
Introduction to Calculus-
[Link] Calculus-
Derivatives of some important functions-
[Link] Calculus-
Integration of some important functions-
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