Human Reproduction
1. What is reproduction?
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2. Why do living organisms reproduce?
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3. In sexual reproduction how many parents are there?
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4. Where are sex cell produced in the human male and female?
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5. What is fertilisation?
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Reproduction in humans
6. What is ovulation and when does it happen?
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7. Explain the journey of the egg after ovulation. (explain at least six
things)
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Fertilisation
8. What is fertilisation? (circle the correct answer)
(a) When an egg is released from the ovary
(b)When a sperm meets and joins with an egg
(c) When a baby grows inside the uterus
(d)When menstrual blood leaves the body
9. Where does fertilisation usually occur? (circle the correct answer):
(a) Uterus
(b)Fallopian tubes (oviducts)
(c) Ovaries
(d)Vagina
10. What is formed when a sperm successfully joins with an egg?
(circle the correct answer
(a) A fetus / foetus
(b)A zygote
(c) An embryo
(d)A baby
11. What is the difference between a fetus and a zygote?
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12. Explain why the uterus thickens during ovulation.
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13. During intercourse, what does the male release?
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14. Explain where the sperm needs to go once deposited during
intercourse?
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15. What happens when the sperm reaches the egg? Circle the
correct answer:
(a) It dies immediately
(b)It merges with the egg to form a zygote
(c) It gets repelled by the egg
(d)It stays outside the egg forever
16. How many sperm can enter the egg during fertilization? Circle
the correct answer:
(a) millions
(b)Thousands
(c) Only one
(d)Hundreds
17. What is the result of a sperm successfully fertilizing an egg?
Circle the correct answer:
(a) The egg dies
(b)A zygote is formed, which can develop into a baby
(c) The sperm gets stuck to the egg
(d)Nothing happens
18. True or false. When one sperm enters the egg, other sperm
may enter too?
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19. How does the sperm enter the egg?
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20. Complete this sentence: The moment that the sperm and egg
fuse is called _________________________________________
21. What happens immediately after conception?
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22. What is the role of the placenta and umbilical cord?
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How is the sperm adapted for its function?
23. Label the diagram below: (see after the memo)
24. Explain 4 ways the sperm has been adapted for its function.
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Multiple choice questions on sperm adaptation for its function.
25. What is the main function of the tail of the sperm (circle the
correct answer):
(a) To carry the genetic material
(b)To provide energy for movement
(c) To propel the sperm forward
(d)To carry genetic material
26. Why is the head of the sperm streamlined? (circle the correct
answer):
(a) To increase its size
(b)To decrease its speed
(c) To reduce friction and increase its speed
(d)To carry more genetic material
Pregnancy
27. Where does pregnancy take place?
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28. Explain the journey of zygote?
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29. What is the role of the placenta and umbilical cord?
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30. What is the main function of the umbilical cord during foetal /
fetal development? (circle the correct answer):
(a) To supply oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and remove waste
products
(b)To provide oxygen and nutrients to the mother
(c) To remove waste products from the mother’s body
(d)To protect the fetus from external injuries
31. Explain what the placenta is and what is does together with
the umbilical cord?
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32. When is a baby ready to be born?
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33. Name the organ (and its alternative name) through which the
baby is born.
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34. When would a Caesarean Section birth of a baby be done?
And what is a Caesarean section birth?
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35. Explain how and when menstruation happens in a woman’s menstrual
cycle.
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36 . Name the hormones involved in menstruation?
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37. What is the role of Oestrogen?
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38. What is the role of or Progesterone?
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39. Label the menstrual cycle diagram below:
Memo
1. Reproduction is the process in which parent organisms give rise to
new living individuals of the same type.
2. Living organisms have a fixed life span, so it is a method to ensure
that the species does not die out.
3. There are two parents in sexual reproduction (the male and the
female)
4. Sex cells are produced in the sex organs in humans.
5. Fertilisation is when the male sex cell (sperm) and the female sex
cell (egg) fuse or combine.
6. Ovulation is the process in which the ovaries (in a female body)
release an egg once a month.
7. After the egg is released from the ovary (during ovulation):
It moves into the fallopian tube (oviduct).
It travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus.
If the egg is fertilised by sperm, fertilisation will take place in
the fallopian tube, thereafter it will move into the uterus
where the fertilised egg will implant on a thickened uterine
lining.
The uterine lining thickens because it is filled with blood. This
is in preparation to feed the fertilised egg with oxygen and
nutrients.
If the egg is not fertilised, the lining of the uterus will shed,
resulting in bleeding.
8. (b)
9. (b)
10. (b)
11. A zygote is the very first stage of development when a sperm
meets and joins with an egg during fertilisation. It is the starting
point of a new life. The zygote has one tiny cell.
A fetus is a much later stage of development. After the zygote
stage, the cells keep dividing and growing until it becomes an
embryo. A fetus is more developed, and it has formed organs
12. The uterus thickens during ovulation in case there is a
fertilised egg which will need to implant on it. It thickens with blood
which can supply the fertilized egg with oxygen and nutrients.
13. The male releases millions of sperm into the female’s vagina.
14. Once deposited in the vagina, the sperm needs to reach the
egg in the fallopian tube.
15. (b)
16. ( c) - Only one sperm enters the egg at a time.
17. (b)
18. False.
19. Sperm enters the egg through the outer layer of the egg.
20. The moment that the sperm and egg fuse is called
conception.
21. Immediately after conception, a new cell is formed and it is
called the zygote. The zygote will continue to grow and divide into a
baby.
22. Label the diagram below:
23. How the sperm is adapted for its function:
(a) It has a long tail, which propels it forward and helps it to move to
the fallopian tube. The tail is used to swim up to the egg
(b)The sperm cell is streamlined to help reduce friction and this
makes its task easier
(c) The sperm has less cytoplasm, hence it is smaller
(d)The sperm’s head is specially strengthened as it contains
chemicals which are used to break down the outer layer of the
egg. This makes fertilisation possible.
24. (c )
25. (c )
26. An acrosome is the specialised structure found at the tip of
the sperm. It has an enzyme that helps the sperm penetrate the
egg.
27. Pregnancy takes place in the fallopian tube.
28. The zygote will travel from the fallopian tube to the uterus and
will attach itself on the uterine lining where it will continue to divide
to form a fetus and later a baby.
29. The placenta and umbilical cord supply the developing baby
with nutrients and oxygen through the mother’s blood supply and
they remove waste from the baby.
30. (a)
31. The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus
during pregnancy. The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the
placenta. Together, the placenta and umbilical cord play a role in
supporting the developing fetus by:
Supplying oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s
bloodstream
Removing waste products from the fetus’s blood stream
32. A baby is ready to be born after about 9 months of being in
the uterus
33. The baby is born through the vagina, which is also known as
the birth canal.
34. A Caeserian Section is done if there are complications which
make a birth through the birth canal impossible. A Caesarian Section
is when a cut is made into the uterus through the lower abdomen
and the baby is removed.
35. Menstruation happens if the egg is not fertilised, and the
uterus lining is shed as period (this shedding of blood is known as a
period) which lasts for 3 to 7 days.
36. Oestrogen and Progesterone
37. Oestrogen is a hormone which helps to build up the uterine
lining
38. Progesterone is a hormone which helps to maintain the lining
for possible pregnancy
39. Label the menstrual cycle diagram below: