Objective Type Questions
Question 1(a)
Diffusion occurs when molecules move:
1. from lower concentration to higher concentration.
2. from higher concentration to lower concentration through a membrane.
3. from higher concentration to lower concentration.
4. when energy is used.
Answer
from higher concentration to lower concentration.
Reason — The movement of molecules (gas, liquid or solid) from higher concentration to
lower concentration is called diffusion.
Question 1(b)
Ascent of sap in plants takes place through.
1. Cortex
2. Epidermis
3. Xylem
4. Phloem
Answer
Xylem
Reason — Xylem the vascular tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals.
Question 1(c)
If the xylem vessels of a plant are plugged:
1. The leaves will turn yellow
2. No food will be made
3. The plant will wilt (shrivel)
4. The plant will continue to grow
Answer
The plant will wilt (shrivel)
Reason — The xylem vessel of the plant is responsible for the conduction of the water and
mineral salt in the plant body. So if the xylem vessels of the plant are plugged then the
conduction of water will be stopped and then the plant will wilt.
Question 1(d)
Force responsible for the ascent of sap is:
1. Capillary force
2. Root pressure
3. Transpirational pull
4. All the three
Answer
All the three
Reason — Ascent of sap takes place through xylem. Forces like capillary force, root
pressure, transpirational pull helps in this unidirectional movement of water.
Question 1(e)
Raisins swell when put in:
1. Rain water
2. Saline water
3. Mustard oil
4. Saturated sugar solution
Answer
Rain water
Reason — When raisins are placed in rain water, they absorb water through Osmosis as rain
water serves as a dilute solution in comparison to the contents of raisins. In case of saline
water and saturated sugar solution, they are more concentrated than the raisins hence Osmosis
doesn't take place. As Mustard oil is not water, so it is not absorbed by the raisins.
Question 1(f)
The root hairs are suited for absorbing water from the soil because:
1. They have a large surface area
2. They have a semi-permeable membrane
3. They contain a solution of higher concentration than the surrounding water.
4. All the three.
Answer
All the three
Reason — Root hairs are long and thin so they can penetrate between soil particles and they
have a large surface area for absorption of water which in return, increases the speed at which
water and nutrients can be absorbed. The cell sap in the root hair cell is said to be of a high
concentration as it contains more solutes compared to the surrounding soil water. This
promotes water absorption.
Question 1(g)
Transpiration is defined as:
1. the rise of water up to the stem of a plant.
2. the elimination of water with dissolved water products.
3. the loss of water as water vapour from the aerial parts of a plant.
4. the loss of water as water vapour from the roots as well as the leaves of the plant.
Answer
the loss of water as water vapour from the aerial parts of a plant.
Reason — Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water vapour from the aerial parts
of a plant.
Question 1(h)
Which one of the following favours the fastest transpiration rate?
1. A cool, humid, windy day
2. A hot, humid, windy day
3. A hot, humid, still day
4. A hot, dry, windy day
Answer
A hot, dry, windy day.
Reason — Transpiration is mainly affected by the temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
On a hot, dry, windy day transpiration increases.
Question 1(i)
Vinay has kept a small herbaceous plant in a test tube containing water. The surface of the
water is covered by a layer of oil. After three hours, he observed that the level of water in the
test tube has decreased. This is due to:
1. Absorption
2. Transpiration
3. Wilting
4. Both (1) and (2)
Answer
Both (1) and (2)
Reason — The decrease in water level is due to both absorption by the plant and
transpiration through the leaves.
Question 1(j)
Root hairs are the epidermal outgrowths of the outermost layer of roots. They are well-suited
for absorption of water from soil due to which of the following features ?
P. Large surface area.
Q. Lower concentration of cell sap.
R. Semi permeable nature of the cell membrane.
1. Only P
2. Only Q
3. Only P and Q
4. Only P and R
Answer
Only P and R
Reason — The root hairs are well-suited for absorption of water from soil due to their larger
surface area, higher concentration of cell sap, and semi permeable nature of the cell
membrane.
Question 1(k)
Xylem tissue forms a tubular passage to transport water and mineral salts from the roots to
the aerial parts of a plant. It consists of different types of cells.
P. Sieve tubes and companion cells
Q. Wood parenchyma and wood fibres
R. Tracheids and vessels
Which of the following are xylem components?
1. Only P
2. Only P and R
3. Only Q and R
4. All P, Q and R
Answer
Only Q and R
Reason — The Xylem tissue consists of tracheids, vessels, wood parenchyma and wood
fibres. Sieve tubes and companion cells are part of phloem, the tissue responsible for
transporting prepared food, not water.
Assertion Reason Type Questions
Question 2(a)
Assertion (A): Plants release carbon dioxide and water vapour as by products during the
process of photosynthesis.
Reason (R): Plants utilize glucose as raw material in the process of photosynthesis which is a
rich source of carbon dioxide and water.
1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are false.
Explanation — Plants utilize sunlight, water and carbon dioxide as raw materials to create
glucose (their food), and release oxygen and water vapour as by products during the process
of photosynthesis.
Question 2(b)
Assertion (A): The food prepared by leaves is transported to all parts of the plant except
roots.
Reason (R): Roots are the underground parts of the plant which absorb food material from
the soil.
1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are false.
Explanation — The food prepared by leaves is transported to all parts of the plant including
the roots. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. Water is the raw material used to
prepare food (glucose) by photosynthesis.
Question 2(c)
Assertion (A): Transportation of water in plants from roots to leaves is carried out by the
conducting tissue phloem.
Reason (R): Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil which are transported to leaves
for various metabolic activities like photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, etc.
1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.
Answer
A is false and R is true.
Explanation — Transportation of water in plants from roots to leaves is carried out by the
conducting tissue xylem, not phloem. Phloem is responsible for transporting prepared food
throughout the plant.
Question 2(d)
Assertion (A): The movement of molecules from their lower concentration to a higher
concentration requires energy in the form of ATP.
Reason (R): Active transport is the process during which root hairs of a plant absorb
minerals from the soil.
1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true.
Explanation — The minerals have to be absorbed from a level of lower concentration (soil)
to a level of higher concentration (cell). This movement of molecules from their lower
concentration to a higher concentration requires energy and the process is called Active
Transport.
Question 2(e)
Assertion (A): Nitrogen is the main constituent of all proteins which helps in the growth and
development of plants.
Reason (R): Nitrogen is micronutrient, which means it is required in very small amounts by
the plants. It is absorbed from the soil as a nutrient element or mineral.
1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.
Answer
A is true and R is false.
Explanation — Nitrogen is macronutrient, which means it is required in larger concentration
by the plants.
Question 2(f)
Assertion (A): Plants absorb water from the soil through a semi permeable membrane. The
process is termed as osmosis.
Reason (R): The outermost layer of root hair cell is the cell wall which is semi permeable in
nature, so it helps in the process of osmosis.
1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.
Answer
A is true and R is false.
Explanation — The outermost layer of the root hair cell is the cell wall, but the cell wall is
fully permeable, not semi-permeable. The cell membrane, located beneath the cell wall, is
semi-permeable and is responsible for controlling the entry of water via osmosis.
Fill in the blanks
Question 3
Fill in the blanks with suitable terms given below:
(fast, leaves, conducting, ascent, humid)
1. Transportation in plants is carried out by a ............... system.
2. The upward movement of sap that contains water and minerals is called ............... of
the sap.
3. Transpiration is more when the wind is blowing ...............
4. Most water gets evaporated from the plant from its ...............
5. Transpiration is reduced if the air is ...............
Answer
1. Transportation in plants is carried out by a conducting system.
2. The upward movement of sap that contains water and minerals is called ascent of the
sap.
3. Transpiration is more when the wind is blowing fast.
4. Most water gets evaporated from the plant from its leaves.
5. Transpiration is reduced if the air is humid.
Match the following
Question 4
Match the terms given in Column A with those given in Column B
Column A Column
(a) Phloem parenchyma (i) Cylindrical cells devoid of a nucleus
(b) Tracheids (ii) Tubular cells forming long channels
(c) Xylem vessels (iii) Cells attached to sieve tubes
(d) Sieve tubes (iv) Elongated dead cells
(e) Companion cells (v) Cells storing food
Answer
Column A Column
(a) Phloem parenchyma (v) Cells storing food
(b) Tracheids (iv) Elongated dead cells
(c) Xylem vessels (ii) Tubular cells forming long channels
(d) Sieve tubes (i) Cylindrical cells devoid of a nucleus
Column A Column
(e) Companion cells (iii) Cells attached to sieve tubes
True or False
Question 5
State whether the following statements are True or False. Rewrite the false statements
correctly.
1. Water absorption mainly occurs through the root-hair.
2. Water enters the root-hair by osmosis.
3. Water absorbed by the roots reaches the leaves and is used in producing food for the
entire plant.
4. A semi-permeable membrane allows larger molecules to pass through but prevents the
smaller ones.
5. Transpiration is the loss of water from the roots of the plant.
6. Transpiration cools the plant when it is hot outside.
Answer
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
Corrected statement — A semi-permeable membrane allows smaller molecules to
pass through but prevents the larger ones.
5. False
Corrected statement — Transpiration is the loss of water from the aerial parts of the
plant.
6. True
Name the following
Question 6
Name the plant tissue which helps in carrying the food to
different parts of a plant.
Answer
Phloem carries the food to different parts of the plant.
Question 7(a)
Name the two conducting tissues of the plants.
Answer
Two conducting tissues of the plants are:
1. Xylem
2. Phloem
Question 7(b)
Name the four components of Xylem tissue
Answer
The four components of Xylem tissue are:
1. Tracheids
2. Vessels
3. Xylem Parenchyma
4. Xylem Sclerenchyma
Question 7(c)
Name the four components of Phloem tissue
Answer
The four components of Phloem tissue are:
1. Sieve Tubes
2. Companion Cells
3. Phloem Fibres
4. Phloem Parenchyma
Question 7(d)
Name the three factors which increase the rate of
transpiration
Answer
The three factors which increase the rate of transpiration
are:
1. Light intensity
2. Wind speed
3. High Temperature