ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ ]jktLFkku] vtesj

ikB~;Øe l= 2025&2026
fo"k; % Hkwxksy ¼dyk oxZ½ Geography
fo"k; dksM % 14
d{kk % 11th

bl fo"k; esa ,d iz'ui=&lS)kfUrd ,oa ,d izk;ksfxd dh ijh{kk gksxhA ijh{kkFkhZ dks lS)kfUrd ,oa
izk;ksfxd ijh{kk esa vyx&vyx mŸ[Link] gksuk vfuok;Z gSA v/;;ukFkZ lS)kfUrd i=ksa ,oa izk;ksfxd
dk;Z ds fy, izfr lIrkg Øe'k% 6 ,oa 4 ?[Link] ns; gksx
a As fo"k; dh ijh{kk ;kstuk fuEukuqlkj gS&
ijh{kk le; ¼?kaVs½ iz'u i= ds fy, vad [Link]
lS)kfUrd 3-15 70 ¼35$35½
100
izk;ksfxd 4-00 30

HkkSfrd Hkwxksy ds ewy fl)kUr

bdkbZ & 1 Hkwxksy ,d fo"k; ds :i esa 03
1 Hkwxksy ,d fo"k; ds :i esa
Hkwxksy ,d lekdyu fo"k; ds :i esa] Hkwxksy dh 'kk[kk,¡] Hkwxksy ds {ks=] HkkSfrd Hkwxksy ,oa bldk
egRoA
Fundamentals of Physical Geography
UNIT :1 Geography as a Discipline -
1. Geography as a Discipline
Geography as an Integrating Discipline, Branches of Geography, Fields of Geography,
Physical Geography and its Importance.

bdkbZ & 2 i`Foh 04

2 i`Foh dh mÙifÙk ,oa fodkl
vkjfed fl)kar] vk/kqfud fl)kar% rkjksa dk fuekZ.k] xzgksa dk fuekZ.k] czãkaM dh mRifÙk] i`Foh dk
mn~Hko] LFkyeaMy] ok;qeaMy o tyeaMy dk fodkl] thou dh mRifÙkA
UNIT 2: The Earth
2. The Origin and Evolution of the Earth
Early Theories, Modern Theories: Origin of the Universe, Star Formation, Formation of
Planets, Evolution of the Earth, Evolution of the Lithosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere,
Origin of Life.

3 i`Foh dh vkarfjd lajpuk

HkwxHkZ dh tkudkjh ds lk/ku] çR;{k vkSj vçR;{k L=ksr] Hkwdai & Hkwdai rjax]sa çdkj] eki] çHkko
vkSj vko`fÙk] i`Foh dh lajpuk] Tokykeq[kh o Tokykeq[kh fufeZr LFky:iA
3. Interior of the Earth
Sources of Information about the Interior: Direct and Indirect Sources, Earthquakes,
Earthquake Waves, Types, Measurement, Effects and Frequency, Structure of the Earth,
Volcanoes and Volcanic Landforms.

4 egklkxjksa vkSj egk}hiksa dk forj.k

1
egk}hih; izokg] egk}hih; foLFkkiu ds i{k esa izek.k] izokg laca/kh cy] egklkxjh; v/kLry dh
cukoV] Hkwdai o Tokykeqf[k;ksa dk forj.k] lkxjh; v/kLry dk foLrkj] IysV foorZfudh] Hkkjrh;
IysV dk lapyuA
4. Distribution of Oceans and Continents
Continental Drift, Ocean Floor Configuration, Distribution of Earthquakes and Evidence in
Support of Continental Drift, Forces for drifting Forces Affecting Volcanoes, Concept of Sea
Floor Spreading, Plate Tectonics, Movement of the Indian Plate.

bdkbZ & 3 Hkw&vk—fr;k¡ 08

5 Hkw&vk—frd çfØ;k,¡
vartZfur o cfgtZfud çfØ;k,¡] c`gr lapyu & HkwL[kyu] vijnu ,oa fu{ksi.k] e`nk fuekZ.k & e`nk
fuekZ.k dh çfØ;k,¡ o dkjdA
6 Hkw&vk—fr;k¡ vkSj mudk fodkl
izokfgr ty&voLFkk] vijfnr o fu{ksfir LFky :Ik] HkkSe ty & vijfnr o fu{ksfir LFky :Ik
fgeun& vijfnr o fu{ksfir LFky :i] rjax o /kkjk,¡ & vijfnr o fu{ksfir LFky :i] iousa &
vijnkukRed o fu{ksfir LFky :iA
UNIT 3: Landforms
5. Geomorphic Processes
Geomorphic Processes, Endogenic and Exogenic Processes, Mass Movement/Landslides,
Erosion and Deposition, Soil Formation - Processes of Soil Formation and their Factors.
6. Landforms and their Evolution
Running Water - Stages, Erosional and Depositional Landforms; Groundwater - Erosional
and Depositional Landforms, Glaciers - Erosional and Depositional Landforms, Waves and
Currents - Erosional and Depositional Landforms, Wind, Erosional and Depositional
Landforms.

bdkbZ &4 tyok;q 08

7- ok;qeaMy dk la?kVu rFkk lajpuk
ok;qeaMy dk la?kVu o lajpuk] ekSle vkSj tyok;q ds rRoA
8- lkSj fofdj.k] Å"ek larqyu vkSj rkieku
lkSj fofdj.k] i`Foh dh lrg ij lw;kZrki esa fHkUurk] ok;qeaMy dk rkiu o ’khryu] i`Foh dk Å"ek
ctV] rkieku & forj.k dks fu;af=r djus okys dkjd] rkieku dk forj.k] rkieku dk O;qRØ[Link]
9- ok;qeaMyh; ifjlapj.k vkSj ekSle ç.kkfy;k¡
ok;qeaMyh; nkc] iouksa dh fn’kk o osx dks izHkkfor djus okys cy] ok;qnkc o iousa] ok;qeaMy dk
lkekU; [Link]
10- ok;qeaMy esa ty
ok"ihdj.k vkSj la?kuu] vksl] rq"kkj] dksgjk ,oa eqgklk] ckny] o"kZ.k&izdkj] lalkj esa o"kkZ [Link]
11- fo'o dh tyok;q vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu
dksius dh tyok;q oxhZdj.k dh iz)fr] tyok;q ifjorZu] vfHkuo iwoZ dky esa tyok;q] tyok;q
ifjorZu ds [Link]
UNIT-4 Climate
7. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
Composition of The Atmosphere, Elements of Weather and Climate.
8. Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temprature
Solar Radiation, Variability of Insolation at the surface of the Earth, Heating and Cooling of
Atmosphere, Heat Budget of the Planet Earth, Temprature-factors Controlling Temprature
Distribution, Distribution of Temprature, Inversion of Temprature.
9. Atmosphere Circulation and Weather Systems
Atmospheric pressure, Forces Affecting the Velocity and Direction of Wind, Pressure and
Wind, General circulation of the Atmosphere.
10. Water in the Atmosphore

2
Evaporation and Condensation, Dew, Frost, Fog and Mist, Clouds, Precipitation, Jupes of
Rainfall, World distribution of Rainfall.
11. World Climate and Climate change
Koeppen's Scheme of classification of Climate, Climate Change, Climate in the recent past,
Causes of Climate Change.

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12- egklkxj ty
tyh; pØ] egklkxjh; v/kLry dk mPpkop ,oa foHkktu] egklkxjh; ty dk rkieku]
egklkxjh; ty dh [Link]
13- egklkxjh; ty lapyu
rjaxs] Tokj&HkkVk&vFkZ] izdkj o egRo] egklkxjh; /kkjk,¡ & vFkZ] izdkj o izHkkoA
UNIT-5 Water (Ocean)
12. Ocean Water
Hydrological Cycle, Relief and Division the Ocean floor, Temprature of Ocean Waters,
Salinity of Ocean Waters.
13. Movement of Ocean Water
Waves, Tides, Meaning, Types and Importance, Ocean Currents-Meaning, Types and their
Effects.

bdkbZ & 6 i`Foh ij thou 03

14- tSo&fofo/krk ,oa laj{k.k
tSo&fofo/krk ds Lrj] vkuqokaf’kd] iztkrh;] ifjra=h; fofo/krk] tSo & fofo/krk dk egRo] àkl o
laj{[Link]
UNIT-6 Life of the Earth
14 Biodiversity and Conservation
Levels of Biodiversity - Genetic, Species and Ecosystem Diversity, Importance, Loss, and
Conservation of Biodiversity.

bdkbZ & 7 ekufp=.k dk;Z fo’o ds ekuf== esa Åij [k.M ¼v½ eas fn;s x;s ikB~;oLrq ij vk/kkfjr
ekufp=.k dk;ZA 05
UNIT-7 Map Work based on the above subject matter on the Outline map of the word.

[k.M ¼c½
Section B
Hkkjr HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k
bdkbZ & 1 izLrkouk 02
1- Hkkjr& fLFkfrA
Physical Environment
UNIT-I Introduction
1. India-Location.
bdkbZ&2 Hkw&vk—fr foKku 12
2- lajpuk rFkk Hkwvk—frd foKku
HkwoSKkfud [kaM & çk;}hih; [kaM] fgeky; vkSj vU; vfrfjä & izk;}hih; ioZrekyk,¡]
fla/kq&xaxk&cãiq= eSnku] Hkwvk—fr & Hkwvk—fr [kaM A
3- viokg ra= & ifjp;] Hkkjr ds viokg rU=
fgeky;h viokg ra=] çk;}hih; viokg ra=] unh ty mi;ksx dh lhekA
UNIT-2 Physiography
2. Structure and Physiography

3
Creological Division- The Penisular Block, The Himalayas and othar Penisular Mountains,
(Indos-Ganga Brahmaputra Brahmaputra Plain, Physiography-Physiographic Divisions.
3. Drainage System
Introduction, Drainage System of India-The Himalayan Drainage, The Penisular Drainage
System, Extent of usability of river water.

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4- tyok;q
ekulwu tyok;q esa ,d:irk ,oa fofo/krk] Hkkjr dh tyok;q dks çHkkfor djus okys dkjd] Hkkjrh;
ekulwu dh ç—fr & ekulwu dk vkjaHk o foPNsn o fuorZu] _rqvksa dh y;] Hkkjr dh ijaijkxr
_rq,¡] o"kkZ dk forj.k] ekulwu vkSj Hkkjr dk vkfFkZd thou] HkweM
a yh; rkiuA
5- çk—frd ouLifr
ouks ds çdkj] ou laj{k.k] lkekftd okfudh] QkeZ okfudh] oU; ç[Link]] Hkkjr esa oU; ç[Link] laj{k.k]
tho eaMy fup; ¼vkjf{kr {ks=½A
UNIT -3 – Climate and Vegetation
4. Climate
Unity and Diversity in the Monsoon Climate, factars Determining the climate of India, The
Nature of Indian Monsoon - Onset, Break and withdrawal, The Rhythem of Seasons,
Traditional Indian Seasons, Distribution of Ramfall, Monsoon and the Economic life in India,
Global warming.
5. Natural Vegetation
Types of forest, Forest Conservation, Social forestry, Farm forestry, Wildlife, wildlife
conservation in India, Biosphere Reserves.
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6- çk—frd ladV rFkk vkink,
vFkZ ,oa rqyuk] çk—frd vkinkvksa dk oxhZdj.k] Hkkjr esa çk—frd vkink,¡ & Hkwdai] lqukeh] m".k
dfVca/kh; pØokr] ck<+] lw[kk] HkwL[kyu] vkink çca/kuA
UNIT-4 Natural Hazards and Disasters: consequence and Management
6. Natural Hazards and Disasters
Meaning and comparision, Classification of Natural Disasters, Natural Disasters and Hazards
in India- Earthquakes, Tsunami, Tropical Cyclone, Floods, Droughts, landslides, Disaster
Management.
bdkbZ & 5 ekufp=.k dk;Z 05
Hkkjr ds ekufp= esa Åij [k.M ¼c½ esa fn;s x;s ikB~;oLrq ij vk/kkfjr ekufp= dk;ZA
UNIT-5 Map work
Map work based on the subject matter of part (B) above on the outline political map of India.

fu/kkZfjr iqLrdsAa
1. HkkSfrd Hkwxksy ds ewy fl)kUr % ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ls izfrfyI;kf/dkj vUrxZr izdkf'kr
Fundamentals of Physical Geography NCERT's Book Published under Copyright

2. Hkkjr % HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k% NCERT's Book Published under Copyright

India : Physical Enviroment ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ls izfrfyI;kf/kdkj vUrxZr izdkf'kr