SIMULA:

(mga Apo- tatakbo pa punta sa matanda habang nag sasalita)

1st APO: lolo³!! Excited na kaming marinig ang bagong kwento niyo lolo
Lolo: Mga apo dahan baka madapa kayo.
2nd Apo: Lolo ano bang bagong kwento ang I kwekwento mo sa amin ngayon??
3rd apo: oo nga Lolo
4rth apo: cge napo Lolo handa na kaming makinig sa bagong kwento. Lola basahin
nyuna po.
Lolo: ohh sya cge saglit lang mga apo ko, at kukunin Kuna ang libro para mababasa
ko na sa inyo Yung bagong kwento
Lolo: Ang babasahin ay Kong kwento sainyu ayh “ sucesos de islas Filipinos “ Gawa
ito ni Antonio de Morga at papaano nya inilarawan ang karanasan at maging si Rizal ay
isa sa kanyang taga hanga.
Mga apo: cge po Lola handa na kaming makinig!!! Isa rin pala si Rizal sa taga hanga
nya gusto ko ng malaman ano ba ang kanyang inilarawan noon.
START:
Antonio de Morga, a Spanish scholar of canon and civil law, arrived in the Philippines in
1595 to serve as assistant to the Governor-General. By 1598, he successfully proposed
and led the reestablishment of the Audiencia, the colony’s highest court, a position he
held until his reassignment to Mexico in 1603. It was there, in 1609, that he published
“Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas,”
APO: SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS! FILIPINAS ANG GALING.
Lolo: shhhhhh.
CONTINUE:
a book detailing his observations and experiences. Its final chapter offers extensive
descriptions of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, covering everything from their
geography and trade to the local flora, fauna, food, housing, clothing, weaponry, and
languages.
Inilarawan nang detalyado ni Morga sa kaniyang libro ang mga sosyo-kultural at
politikal na aspeto ng sinaunang lipunang Pilipino. Ipinaliwanag niya sa
kabanatang ito ang barangay at ilan sa kanilang sistema ng hustisya.
Unlike kingdoms with kings, the old Philippines had no single ruler. Instead, barangay
chiefs were friends, but sometimes fought. When people had problems over land,
belongings, or injuries, they chose old men from their area to judge. Everyone involved
was there, and they showed proof. The old men decided based on old customs. People
followed these decisions right away. The laws were not written down, but everyone
knew the customs. While some areas had different ways, most customs were the same
across all the islands.
Inilarawan niya na “ang mga katutubo sa buong kapuluan ay mahusay sumulat
gamit ang mga tiyak na karakter, halos katulad ng Griyego o Arabe.” Ipinaliwanag
din niya ang tungkol sa mga datu, alipin, kasal, pamana, pautang, krimen,
relihiyon, ang pagdating ng Islam, at ang pagdating ng mga Espanyol at ang
pagkakatatag ng Maynila.
Since the Spanish came to the Philippines in 1564, they brought peace and changed
the people’s religion. The way the islands were ruled and what the King wanted for them
changed many things. This is normal when a place changes its religion and ruler. The
biggest change was that the islands were called Filipinas, and they became part of a
new kingdom.
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first governor, founded Manila on Luzon Island where
Rajamora used to have his fort. Legazpi gave equal lots to the Spanish to build on. The
city had straight streets and squares. The main square faced the church and city hall.
Another square faced the fort and royal buildings. Legazpi set aside land for
monasteries, a hospital, and chapels. He knew the city would grow, and it did. Manila
became one of the best cities in the area.
Ipinagmalaki rin niya ang bagong pamayanang ito na may magagandang gusali at
mga daanan at na ang lahat ng barko ay naglalayag mula sa Maynila. Ipinaliwanag
niya ang bagong kaayusan sa politika sa ilalim ng mga Espanyol:
The chiefs used to have too much power over the people, but now they don’t. This was
a good thing because people were freed from being like slaves. But some things about
slavery stayed the same. The King said that the chiefs should still be respected. The
people still had to help them with some work, like when they harvest rice or build a
house. The chief of the barangay collected taxes from the people and gave them to the
encomendero, who was a Spanish person helping to rule the Philippines. The chiefs
became like tax collectors, called cabezas de barangay.
Ang mga Pilipino ay nagbabayad ng buwis sa pamamagitan ng mga bagay tulad ng
ginto, tela, bulak, bigas, kampana, manok, at kung anumang mayroon sila o mula sa
kanilang mga ani. Bukod pa sa pagpapakilala ng buwis o tributo, ilang mga patakarang
pang-ekonomiya ang ipinatupad ng mga Espanyol upang kontrolin nang agresibo ang
kalakalan at komersiyo sa Pilipinas:
The people of the Philippines also had to do personal services, called “polo,” for the
Spanish. In some places, they had to do more than others. For example, the alcaldes-
mayor and justices would assign people each week to work in their houses. They paid
them a little bit, like one-fourth of a real each day, and gave them rice to eat. The
religious people also did this for their missions, monasteries, churches, and public
works. The Filipinos also gave rice and food at the same low prices that they sold it to
each other. The datos, vilangos, and fiscals would divide up the work, collect the
supplies, and give them to the Spanish. The biggest service was during wars when they
had to row boats and work on ships. They also helped with any work that came up
during the war, but they were paid for this.
People were also assigned to work for the King, like building ships, cutting wood,
making ropes, working in the artillery, and helping in the royal warehouses. They were
paid for this work. For other services for the Spanish, like expeditions and other jobs,
the work was voluntary and paid for by agreement. The Spanish didn’t work in mines or
fields, so they didn’t need the Filipinos for that kind of work.
The Spanish wanted gold from the Philippines, but the cities didn’t have gold mines. So,
they made people pay taxes and do forced labor to build the government and economy.
They especially focused on building ships because the Filipinos were good at it. These
ships, called Manila galleons, were used for trading between Manila and Acapulco,
which made a lot of money.
Ang kalakalan ay kinasasangkutan ng malalaking barko na nagdadala ng iba’t
ibang paninda na ibebenta sa Nueva España (Mexico) na noon ay sakop ng
viceroyalty ng Espanya:
The ships that sailed between the Philippines and Nueva España (Mexico) had many
people on board. There were generals, admirals, captains, and other officers, as well as
sailors, carpenters, and artillerymen. They were all paid by the treasury of Nueva
España. The viceroy provided everything needed for the journey. The ships carried
goods to Nueva España and returned to the Philippines with soldiers, supplies,
passengers, religious people, and money from the sales.
Most of the people living in the Philippines were merchants and businessmen. They
brought goods from China, Japan, Maluku, Malacca, Siam, Cambodia, Borneo, and
other places. They sold these goods in Nueva España and sometimes in Japan, where
they made a lot of money from raw silk. They brought the money back to Manila, which
made them very rich.
Many ships, called somas and junks, came to Manila from China with goods. Usually,
30 to 40 ships arrived each year around March. They came from places like Canton and
Fo-Kien. The trip to Manila took about 15 to 20 days.
They brought things like silk, velvet, gold and silver thread, and different kinds of cloth.
Some of the gold and silver was fake. They also brought linen and cotton cloth.
When a ship arrived, a watchman checked it. Then, officials inspected the ship and the
goods. The ship had to pay 3% of the value of the goods to the King. After that, the
goods were unloaded and sold freely.
The Spanish bought these goods, as well as gold, cotton cloth, and wax from the
Philippines. They paid 2% of the value of the goods to the King before sending them to
Nueva España (Mexico). They also paid for the ship’s cargo, which cost 40 Castilian
ducados per tonelada. They had to pay more taxes when they arrived in Acapulco,
Nueva España.
Ang kalakalan sa buong Pasipiko ay sapat na kumikita kaya’t hinangad ng mga
Espanyol ang mas maraming produkto na sagana sa Ternate ng lugar ng
Moluccas:
They went to Governor Don Pedro de Acuña in Manila and told him about their situation.
They talked about the Portuguese fleet and the great men in it. They bragged about
how brave and famous their general was. They said that they could capture Terrenate if
Manila helped them. They said that Manila should help them because they always
helped the king of Tidore when he asked. They said that the King had ordered them to
help, and that they had a good reason to ask for help this time.
Inilarawan ni Morga ang ilan sa mga isla ng Pilipinas na may ginto (at iba pang
kalakal) na gustong kunin at ipagbili ng mga Espanyol:
Morga wrote that many places in the Philippines had gold that the people dug up. But
after the Spanish came, the people didn’t dig as much because they were happy with
the gold they already had in jewelry. Even poor people had gold chains and bracelets.
Some gold was found in Paracali in Camarines, mixed with copper. They also traded
gold in Ylocos. In the mountains lived people called Ygolotes who had gold and silver
mines.
There were also gold mines in other islands, like Mindanao and Sebu.
Near Luzon were other islands like Marinduque and Mindoro. The people there had
gold, farms, and trade. They also had rice, food, and timber.
Ipinaliwanag din ni Morga ang mga gawaing pang-ekonomiya sa Pilipinas at kung
paano mababa ang kita ng Espanya mula sa Pilipinas, kumpara sa iba nitong mga
kolonya:
The King's Income from the Philippines was low and his expenses were high, so the
treasury was always short of money.
The King didn't make any money from the Philippines. Instead, he spent money from
Nueva España to keep the Philippines going. He did this to convert the people to
Christianity and hoped to gain more from other Asian countries.
Morga was part of the galleon trade, where goods were exchanged between Manila and
Mexico. He saw that the trade only benefited the merchants and the Spanish
government. The Filipinos changed a lot because of the Spanish. Datus became
cabezas de barangay, taxes and forced labor replaced their old ways, and they started
believing in Christianity instead of their old spirits. This led to a mix of cultures.
The Spanish arrival interrupted the trade that was already happening in Southeast Asia.
Legazpi made Manila the capital to take over the trade and make a lot of money. They
took over the trade and made money through taxes and forced labor. They got goods
from China, Japan, and other countries, put them on galleons in Manila, and sold them
in Mexico. This galleon trade was the start of global trade, where people and ideas were
exchanged. Manila was the center of this trade.
LOLO: ganon nya itinalakay sa libro ang kanyang mga nakita at natunghayan. Ano
naman ang natutunan ninyo?.
Narrator: Ang “Sucesos” ni Morga ay mahalagang sanggunian sa kasaysayan ng
Pilipinas. Inilarawan nito ang buhay at lipunan ng mga Pilipino noong ika-17 siglo.
Narrator: Ito marahil ang pinakaunang gawa na nakabatay sa kasaysayan tungkol sa
mga pangyayari sa Pilipinas, pati na rin ang mga naobserbahan ni Morga.
Narrator: Tinalakay niya ang mga aspetong pampulitika, panlipunan, at kultural ng mga
Pilipino, na nagbibigay ng malawak na paglalarawan ng buhay noong panahong iyon.
Narrator: Maging si Jose Rizal ay nagkaroon ng interes sa gawa ni Morga, kaya’t
binigyan niya ito ng anotasyon noong 1890 sa British Library and Museum.
Narrator: Ibinunyag ng mga anotasyon ni Rizal ang pagkiling ng Kanluranin na ginamit
ni Morga sa pagtingin sa mga Pilipino. Gayunpaman, pinuri ni Rizal ang gawa ni Morga.
Narrator: Ito ay isang pangunahing ulat sa kasaysayan na isinulat ng isang ordinaryong
tao, na itinuring ni Rizal na mas obhetibo.