IRX

Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED

Instructions Manual

IRX-A/B/C MODELS © ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S.L. 2012 BIRX0905Av05

 License agreement for Software Embedded in Equipment

ZIV APLICACIONES Y TECNOLOGIA, S.L.

End-User Software License Agreement

THE EQUIPMENT YOU HAVE PURCHASED INCLUDES EMBEDDED SOFTWARE

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ZIV Aplicaciones y Tecnología, S.L.

Parque Tecnológico, 2089
48016 Zamudio (Vizcaya)
48080 Bilbao
Spain
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.1 Functions .................................................................................................... 1.1-1

1.1.1 Phase and Ground Overcurrent Protection (3x50/51 + 50N/51N) .............. 1.1-2
1.1.2 Sensitive Ground Overcurrent Protection (50Ns/51Ns) .............................. 1.1-2
1.1.3 Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection (50Q/51Q) .............................. 1.1-2
1.1.4 Directional Units (3x67 + 67N + 67Q + 67Ns) ............................................. 1.1-2
1.1.5 Ground Overcurrent Protection Schemes (85-67N/67Q) ............................ 1.1-3
1.1.6 Neutral (Ungrounded / Petersen Coil) Overcurrent Protection .................... 1.1-3
1.1.7 Voltage Dependent Phase Overcurrent Protection (3x51V)........................ 1.1-3
1.1.8 Undervoltage Units (3x27) ........................................................................... 1.1-3
1.1.9 Overvoltage Units (3x59) ............................................................................. 1.1-3
1.1.10 Ground Overvoltage Unit (1x59N / 64) ........................................................ 1.1-3
1.1.11 Negative Sequence Overvoltage Unit (47) .................................................. 1.1-4
1.1.12 Underfrequency (81m), Overfrequency (81M) and Rate of Change
(81D) Protection ........................................................................................... 1.1-4
1.1.13 Breaker Failure Function (50/62BF) ............................................................ 1.1-4
1.1.14 Open Phase Unit (46) .................................................................................. 1.1-4
1.1.15 Residual Current Detection Unit (61)........................................................... 1.1-4
1.1.16 Synchronism Check Unit (25) ...................................................................... 1.1-5
1.1.17 Out-of-Step Element (78)............................................................................. 1.1-5
1.1.18 Thermal Image Unit (49) .............................................................................. 1.1-5
1.1.19 Power Directional Unit (32P/Q) ................................................................... 1.1-6
1.1.20 Undercurrent Protection (3x37) ................................................................... 1.1-6
1.1.21 Restricted Earth Fault Unit (87N) ................................................................ 1.1-6
1.1.22 Cold-Load Pick-Up....................................................................................... 1.1-6
1.1.23 Three-Phase Recloser (79) ......................................................................... 1.1-6
1.1.24 Current Measurement Supervision (60CT).................................................. 1.1-7
1.1.25 Fuse Failure Detector (60VT) ...................................................................... 1.1-7

1.2 Additional Functions ................................................................................. 1.2-1

1.2.1 Local Control ................................................................................................ 1.2-2
1.2.2 Programmable Logic.................................................................................... 1.2-2
1.2.3 Ports and Communications Protocols ......................................................... 1.2-2
1.2.4 Current Detection Unit (50D) ....................................................................... 1.2-2
1.2.5 Integrated Simulator .................................................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.6 Supervision of the Switching Circuits .......................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.7 Selecting the Phase Sequence ................................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.8 Number of Voltage Transformers (Model IRX-B) ........................................ 1.2-3
1.2.9 Breaker Monitoring ...................................................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.10 Excessive Number of Trips .......................................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.11 LED Targets ................................................................................................. 1.2-3
1.2.12 Digital Inputs ................................................................................................ 1.2-3
1.2.13 Auxiliary Outputs.......................................................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.14 Time Synchronization .................................................................................. 1.2-4
1.2.15 Fault Locator ................................................................................................ 1.2-4
1.2.16 Event Recording and Programmable Metering Data Logging ..................... 1.2-4
1.2.17 Fault Reporting ............................................................................................ 1.2-4
1.2.18 Historical Metering Data Logging ................................................................ 1.2-4

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1.2.19 Oscillographic Register ................................................................................ 1.2-4

1.2.20 Alphanumeric Display and Keypad .............................................................. 1.2-5
1.2.21 Self-Test Program ........................................................................................ 1.2-5

1.3 Local Interface: Alphanumeric Display and Keypad .............................. 1.3-1

1.3.1 Alphanumeric Display and Keypad .............................................................. 1.3-2
1.3.2 Control Buttons ............................................................................................ 1.3-3
1.3.3 Keys, Functions and Operation Modes ........................................................ 1.3-4
1.3.3.a Keypad ......................................................................................................... 1.3-4
1.3.3.b Auxiliary Function Keys................................................................................ 1.3-5
1.3.3.c Access to Options ........................................................................................ 1.3-5
1.3.3.d Operation ..................................................................................................... 1.3-5
1.3.4 Last Trip Indication ....................................................................................... 1.3-7

1.4 Model Selection .......................................................................................... 1.4-1

1.4.1 Model Selection............................................................................................ 1.4-2

1.5 Installation and Commissioning............................................................... 1.5-1

1.5.1 General ........................................................................................................ 1.5-2
1.5.2 Accuracy ...................................................................................................... 1.5-2
1.5.3 Installation .................................................................................................... 1.5-2
1.5.4 Preliminary Inspection.................................................................................. 1.5-3
1.5.5 Tests ............................................................................................................ 1.5-4
1.5.5.a Isolation Test ................................................................................................ 1.5-4
1.5.5.b Power Supply Test ....................................................................................... 1.5-5
1.5.5.c Metering Tests ............................................................................................. 1.5-5

Chapter 2. Specifications and Physical Description

2.1 Technical Characteristics ......................................................................... 2.1-1

2.1.1 Power Supply Voltage.................................................................................. 2.1-2
2.1.2 Power Supply Burden .................................................................................. 2.1-2
2.1.3 Current Analog Inputs .................................................................................. 2.1-2
2.1.4 Voltage Analog Inputs .................................................................................. 2.1-2
2.1.5 Frequency .................................................................................................... 2.1-3
2.1.6 Measurement Accuracy ............................................................................... 2.1-3
2.1.7 Accuracy of the Pickup and Reset of the Overcurrent Elements................. 2.1-4
2.1.8 Repeatability ................................................................................................ 2.1-5
2.1.9 Accuracy of the Pickup and Reset of the Voltage Elements ....................... 2.1-5
2.1.10 Accuracy of the Pickup and Reset of the Frequency Elements................... 2.1-5
2.1.11 Accuracy of the Reclosing Cycle Times ...................................................... 2.1-5
2.1.12 Transient Overreach .................................................................................... 2.1-6
2.1.13 Digital Inputs ................................................................................................ 2.1-6
2.1.14 Breaker Trip and Close Outputs and Auxiliary Outputs ............................... 2.1-7
2.1.15 Transducer Inputs ........................................................................................ 2.1-7
2.1.16 Communications Link ................................................................................... 2.1-8

2.2 Standards and Type Tests ........................................................................ 2.2-1

2.2.1 Insulation ...................................................................................................... 2.2-2
2.2.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility...................................................................... 2.2-2
2.2.3 Climatic ........................................................................................................ 2.2-3
2.2.4 Power Supply ............................................................................................... 2.2-4
2.2.5 Mechanical Test ........................................................................................... 2.2-4

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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
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2.3 Physical Architecture ................................................................................ 2.3-1

2.3.1 General ........................................................................................................ 2.3-2
2.3.2 Dimensions .................................................................................................. 2.3-4
2.3.3 Connection Elements................................................................................... 2.3-4
2.3.3.a Terminal Blocks ........................................................................................... 2.3-4
2.3.3.b Removing Printed Circuit Boards (Non Self-shorting) ................................. 2.3-4
2.3.3.c Internal Wiring .............................................................................................. 2.3-4

Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.1 Overcurrent Elements ............................................................................... 3.1-1

3.1.1 Phase, Ground and Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Elements ................. 3.1-2
3.1.2 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Element ............................................... 3.1-2
3.1.3 Phase, Ground and Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent Elements ........... 3.1-2
3.1.3.a Current / Time Characteristic: Trip Inverse Curves ..................................... 3.1-6
3.1.4 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent Element .......................................... 3.1-20
3.1.5 Overcurrent Element Block Diagrams ......................................................... 3.1-20
3.1.6 Voltage Dependent Time-Overcurrent Element .......................................... 3.1-22
3.1.6.a Voltage Restraint Time Element .................................................................. 3.1-22
3.1.6.b Voltage Controlled Time Element ................................................................ 3.1-23
3.1.6.c Setting and Tripping Criteria ........................................................................ 3.1-23
3.1.7 Torque Control (Pickup Blocking Enable).................................................... 3.1-24
3.1.8 Trip Blocking and Time Delay Disable......................................................... 3.1-24
3.1.9 Overcurrent Elements Settings .................................................................... 3.1-25
3.1.10 Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Modules ................................................... 3.1-30
3.1.11 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules.......................... 3.1-33
3.1.12 Overcurrent Elements Tests ........................................................................ 3.1-40
3.1.12.b Voltage Restraint Time Element Test .......................................................... 3.1-41

3.2 Directional Elements ................................................................................. 3.2-1

3.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.2-2
3.2.2 Phase Directional Element .......................................................................... 3.2-4
3.2.2.a Application Example .................................................................................... 3.2-5
3.2.3 Ground and Sensitive Ground Directional Elements ................................... 3.2-6
3.2.4 Negative-Sequence Directional Element ..................................................... 3.2-11
3.2.5 Positive Sequence Directional Element....................................................... 3.2-12
3.2.6 Ungrounded Directional Element................................................................. 3.2-13
3.2.6.a Ungrounded Protection Element Logic ........................................................ 3.2-15
3.2.6.b Compensated Ground Protection (Petersen Coil) ....................................... 3.2-15
3.2.7 Change in Trip Direction .............................................................................. 3.2-16
3.2.8 Coordination Time ....................................................................................... 3.2-17
3.2.9 Directional Elements Settings ...................................................................... 3.2-17
3.2.10 Digital Inputs of the Directional Modules ..................................................... 3.2-18
3.2.11 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Modules............................ 3.2-19
3.2.12 Directional Elements Test ............................................................................ 3.2-21
3.2.12.a Ungrounded / Compensated Ground (Petersen Coil) Element Test ........... 3.2-22

3.3 Protection Schemes for Overcurrent Elements ..................................... 3.3-1

3.3.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.3-2
3.3.2 Permissive Underreach (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models) .................................. 3.3-2
3.3.2.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”) ....... 3.3-3
3.3.2.b Tripping Conditions (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”) ...................... 3.3-3
3.3.2.c Operation ..................................................................................................... 3.3-3
3.3.3 Direct Transfer Trip ...................................................................................... 3.3-4
3.3.3.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”) ....... 3.3-4

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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
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3.3.3.b Trip Condition (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”) ............................... 3.3-4

3.3.3.c Operation ..................................................................................................... 3.3-4
3.3.4 Permissive Overreach Trip .......................................................................... 3.3-5
3.3.4.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”) ....... 3.3-5
3.3.4.b Trip Condition (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”) ............................... 3.3-5
3.3.4.c Operation ..................................................................................................... 3.3-6
3.3.5 Directional Comparison Unblocking (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models) ................ 3.3-6
3.3.5.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”) ....... 3.3-7
3.3.5.b Tripping Conditions (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”) ...................... 3.3-7
3.3.5.c Operation ..................................................................................................... 3.3-8
3.3.6 Directional Comparison Blocking ................................................................. 3.3-9
3.3.6.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”) ....... 3.3-9
3.3.6.b Channel Disable Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Disable”) .................... 3.3-9
3.3.6.c Trip Conditions (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”) ............................. 3.3-10
3.3.6.d Operation ..................................................................................................... 3.3-10
3.3.7 Weak Infeed Logic (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models) .......................................... 3.3-11
3.3.7.a Echo Logic ................................................................................................... 3.3-11
3.3.7.b Weak Infeed Tripping ................................................................................... 3.3-11
3.3.7.c Operation ..................................................................................................... 3.3-12
3.3.8 Programmable Schemes ............................................................................. 3.3-12
3.3.9 Overcurrent Elements Protection Schemes Settings................................... 3.3-13
3.3.10 Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Protection Schemes Module .................... 3.3-14
3.3.11 Auxiliary Outputs of the Overcurrent Protection Schemes Module ............. 3.3-15

3.4 Voltage Elements ....................................................................................... 3.4-1

3.4.1 Undervoltage Elements................................................................................ 3.4-2
3.4.2 Overvoltage Elements.................................................................................. 3.4-3
3.4.2.a Phase Overvoltage Elements ...................................................................... 3.4-3
3.4.2.b Ground Overvoltage Elements..................................................................... 3.4-4
3.4.2.c Negative Sequence Overvoltage Element ................................................... 3.4-5
3.4.3 Block Diagram of the Voltage Elements ...................................................... 3.4-6
3.4.4 Voltage Elements Settings ........................................................................... 3.4-7
3.4.5 Digital Inputs of the Voltage Modules .......................................................... 3.4-9
3.4.6 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Voltage Modules ................................. 3.4-10
3.4.7 Voltage Elements Test ................................................................................. 3.4-13
3.4.7.a Overvoltage Elements Test.......................................................................... 3.4-13
3.4.7.b Undervoltage Elements Test........................................................................ 3.4-13

3.5 Fault Detector ............................................................................................. 3.4-1

3.5.1 Operating Principles ..................................................................................... 3.5-2
3.5.1.a Detection of Increases in the Sequence Currents ....................................... 3.5-2
3.5.1.b Detection of Levels Exceeded in the Sequence Current ............................. 3.5-2
3.5.2 Digital Inputs and Events of the Fault Detector ........................................... 3.5-4
3.5.3 Digital Outputs and Events of the Fault Detector......................................... 3.5-4

3.6 Frequency Elements .................................................................................. 3.6-1

3.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.6-2
3.6.2 Overfrequency Elements ............................................................................. 3.6-3
3.6.3 Underfrequency Elements ........................................................................... 3.6-3
3.6.4 Rate of Change Elements ............................................................................ 3.6-4
3.6.5 Elements Blocking Logic .............................................................................. 3.6-6
3.6.6 Undervoltage Element for Blocking ............................................................. 3.6-6
3.6.7 Load Shedding Algorithm............................................................................. 3.6-6
3.6.8 Application of the Frequency Elements ....................................................... 3.6-7
3.6.9 Frequency Elements Settings ...................................................................... 3.6-9
3.6.10 Digital Inputs of the Frequency Modules ..................................................... 3.6-11

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3.6.11 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Frequency Modules............................ 3.6-12

3.6.12 Frequency Elements Test ............................................................................ 3.6-14

3.7 Breaker Failure Unit................................................................................... 3.7-1

3.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.7-2
3.7.2 Breaker Failure Settings .............................................................................. 3.7-4
3.7.3 Digital Inputs of the Breaker Failure Module ............................................... 3.7-5
3.7.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Breaker Failure Module ...................... 3.7-6
3.7.5 Breaker Failure Unit Test ............................................................................. 3.7-6

3.8 Open Phase Detector ................................................................................ 3.8-1

3.8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.8-2
3.8.2 Application of the Open Phase Detector ..................................................... 3.8-2
3.8.3 Open Phase Detector Settings .................................................................... 3.8-3
3.8.4 Digital Inputs of the Open Phase Module .................................................... 3.8-3
3.8.5 Auxiliary Outputs of the Open Phase Module.............................................. 3.8-4
3.8.6 Open Phase Detector Test .......................................................................... 3.8-4

3.9 Residual Current Element ......................................................................... 3.9-1

3.9.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.9-2
3.9.2 Residual Current Element Settings ............................................................. 3.9-3
3.9.3 Digital Inputs of the Residual Current Module ............................................. 3.9-4
3.9.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Residual Current Module ................... 3.9-4
3.9.5 Residual Current Element Test ................................................................... 3.9-4

3.10 Synchronism Unit ...................................................................................... 3.10-1

3.10.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.10-2
3.10.2 Voltage Difference Element ......................................................................... 3.10-4
3.10.3 Phase Difference Element ........................................................................... 3.10-4
3.10.4 Frequency Difference Element .................................................................... 3.10-4
3.10.5 Voltage Element of Sides A and B .............................................................. 3.10-4
3.10.6 Selection of Type of Synchronism ............................................................... 3.10-5
3.10.7 Application of the Synchronism Function .................................................... 3.10-5
3.10.8 Synchronism Unit Settings........................................................................... 3.10-6
3.10.9 Digital Inputs of the Synchronism Module ................................................... 3.10-7
3.10.10 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Synchronism Module.......................... 3.10-8
3.10.11 Synchronism Unit Test................................................................................. 3.10-9

3.11 Out of Step Element .................................................................................. 3.11-1

3.11.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.11-2
3.11.2 Measuring principle...................................................................................... 3.11-2
3.11.3 Logic of Out of Step Measurement Element................................................ 3.11-3
3.11.4 Out-of-Step Element Settings ...................................................................... 3.11-5
3.11.5 Digital Inputs of the Out of Step Module ...................................................... 3.11-5
3.11.6 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Out of Step Module ............................ 3.11-6
3.11.7 Out of Step Element Test ............................................................................ 3.11-6

3.12 Thermal Image Unit ................................................................................... 3.12-1

3.12.1 Operating Principles .................................................................................... 3.12-2
3.12.2 Applying the Thermal Image Function ......................................................... 3.12-6
3.12.3 Thermal Image Unit Settings ....................................................................... 3.12-6
3.12.4 Digital Inputs of the Thermal Image Module ................................................ 3.12-7
3.12.5 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Thermal Image Module ...................... 3.12-8
3.12.6 Thermal Image Unit Test ............................................................................. 3.12-8

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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
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3.13 Directional Power Elements...................................................................... 3.13-1

3.13.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.13-2
3.13.2 Directional Power Elements Settings ........................................................... 3.13-4
3.13.3 Digital Inputs of the Directional Power Elements Module ............................ 3.13-5
3.13.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Power Elements Module .. 3.13-5
3.13.5 Directional Power Element Test................................................................... 3.13-6

3.14 Undercurrent Element ............................................................................... 3.14-1

3.14.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.14-2
3.14.2 Undercurrent Element Settings .................................................................... 3.14-2
3.14.3 Digital Inputs of the Undercurrent Module ................................................... 3.14-3
3.14.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Undercurrent Module.......................... 3.14-3
3.14.5 Undercurrent Element Test .......................................................................... 3.14-4

3.15 Restricted Earth Faults Element............................................................... 3.15-1

3.15.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.15-2
3.15.2 Differential Current ....................................................................................... 3.15-2
3.15.3 Restraint Current and Slope of the Restricted Earth Faults Element .......... 3.15-3
3.15.4 Operate Magnitude Calculation ................................................................... 3.15-3
3.15.5 Operation ..................................................................................................... 3.15-4
3.15.6 Application of Restricted Earth Faults element ............................................ 3.15-5
3.15.7 Restricted Earth Faults Element Settings .................................................... 3.15-6
3.15.8 Digital Inputs of the Restricted Earth Faults Module ................................... 3.15-6
3.15.9 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Restricted Earth Faults Module .......... 3.15-7
3.15.10 Restricted Earth Faults Element Test .......................................................... 3.15-7

3.16 Cold Load Element .................................................................................... 3.16-1

3.16.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.16-2
3.16.2 Cold Load Element Settings ........................................................................ 3.16-3
3.16.3 Digital Inputs of the Cold Load Module ........................................................ 3.16-4
3.16.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Cold Load Module .............................. 3.16-4

3.17 Current Measurement Supervision .......................................................... 3.17-1

3.17.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.17-2
3.17.2 Operation Principles ..................................................................................... 3.17-2
3.17.3 Current Measurement Supervision Settings ................................................ 3.17-3
3.17.4 Digital Inputs of Current Measurement Supervision Module ....................... 3.17-4
3.17.5 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Current Measurement Supervision
Module ......................................................................................................... 3.17-4

3.18 Fuse Failure Detector ................................................................................ 3.18-1

3.18.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.18-2
3.18.2 Detection of Voltage Circuit Failure ............................................................. 3.18-2
3.18.3 Fuse Failure Detector Settings .................................................................... 3.18-3
3.18.4 Digital Inputs of the Fuse Failure Detector Module...................................... 3.18-3
3.18.5 Digital Outputs and Events of the Fuse Failure Detector Module................ 3.18-3

3.19 Recloser ...................................................................................................... 3.19-1

3.19.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.19-2
3.19.2 Reclose Sequence ....................................................................................... 3.19-6
3.19.2.a Sequence Start ............................................................................................ 3.19-6
3.19.2.b Monitoring the Reference Voltage ............................................................... 3.19-6
3.19.2.c Reclose Time ............................................................................................... 3.19-7
3.19.2.d Closing Time ................................................................................................ 3.19-7
3.19.2.e Reset Time ................................................................................................... 3.19-7
3.19.3 Recloser Lockout ......................................................................................... 3.19-8
3.19.4 Manual Close ............................................................................................... 3.19-8

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 Table of Contents

3.19.5 Manual and External Blocking ..................................................................... 3.19-9

3.19.6 Definite Trip ................................................................................................. 3.19-10
3.19.7 Recloser Not in Service ............................................................................... 3.19-10
3.19.8 Reclose Counter .......................................................................................... 3.19-10
3.19.9 Trip and Reclose Masks .............................................................................. 3.19-11
3.19.10 Recloser Settings......................................................................................... 3.19-13
3.19.11 Digital Inputs of the Recloser Module .......................................................... 3.19-17
3.19.12 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Recloser Module ................................ 3.19-18
3.19.13 Recloser Test ............................................................................................... 3.19-20

3.20 Logic ........................................................................................................... 3.20-1

3.20.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.20-2
3.20.2 Trip Seal-In .................................................................................................. 3.20-2
3.20.3 Breaker Open and Close Failure Time ........................................................ 3.20-2
3.20.3.a Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Command Failure Module .................. 3.20-3
3.20.4 Manual Closing through Recloser ............................................................... 3.20-3
3.20.5 Manual Close Synchrocheck Supervision ................................................... 3.20-3
3.20.6 Pickup Reports ............................................................................................ 3.20-3
3.20.7 Logic Settings .............................................................................................. 3.20-4

3.21 Configuration Settings .............................................................................. 3.21-1

3.21.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.21-2
3.21.2 Nominal Values (Operation Mode) .............................................................. 3.21-2
3.21.3 Access Passwords....................................................................................... 3.21-2
3.21.4 Communications .......................................................................................... 3.21-2
3.21.5 Date and Time ............................................................................................. 3.21-2
3.21.5.a Local Time Zone Setting .............................................................................. 3.21-2
3.21.5.b Summer Time / Winter Time Change .......................................................... 3.21-2
3.21.6 Display Controls ........................................................................................... 3.21-3
3.21.7 Command Buttons ....................................................................................... 3.21-3
3.21.8 Configuration Settings ................................................................................. 3.21-3

3.22 General Settings ........................................................................................ 3.22-1

3.22.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.22-2
3.22.2 Unit in Service .............................................................................................. 3.22-2
3.22.2.a Auxiliary Outputs and Events (Protection in Service) .................................. 3.22-2
3.22.3 Transformer Ratios ...................................................................................... 3.22-2
3.22.4 Input Transducers ........................................................................................ 3.22-2
3.22.4.a Models with Power Supply Voltage Monitoring ........................................... 3.22-3
3.22.5 Phase Sequence ......................................................................................... 3.22-3
3.22.6 Number of Voltage Transformers ................................................................ 3.22-3
3.22.6.a Information on Magnitudes with 2 or 3 Voltage Transformers..................... 3.22-5
3.22.7 General Settings .......................................................................................... 3.22-5

3.23 Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision .................................................. 3.23-1

3.23.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.23-2
3.23.2 Operation Mode ........................................................................................... 3.23-2
3.23.3 Trip Coil Circuit ............................................................................................ 3.23-4
3.23.4 Coil Circuits 2 and 3..................................................................................... 3.23-5
3.23.5 Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision Settings ......................................... 3.23-6
3.23.6 Digital Outputs and Events of the Trip/Close Coil Circuit Supervision
Module ......................................................................................................... 3.23-6

3.24 Breaker Monitoring .................................................................................... 3.24-1

3.24.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.24-2
3.24.2 Excessive Number of Trips .......................................................................... 3.24-3

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3.24.3 Breaker Monitoring Settings......................................................................... 3.24-3

3.24.4 Digital Inputs of Breaker Monitoring Module ................................................ 3.24-4
3.24.5 Digital Outputs and Events of Breaker Monitoring Module .......................... 3.24-4

3.25 Power Supply Voltage Monitoring............................................................ 3.25-1

3.25.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.25-2
3.25.2 Operating Principle ...................................................................................... 3.25-2
3.25.3 Power Supply Voltage Monitoring Settings.................................................. 3.25-3
3.25.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Power Supply Voltage Monitoring ...... 3.25-3

3.26 Change Settings Groups ........................................................................... 3.26-1

3.26.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.26-2
3.26.2 Digital Inputs to Change Settings Groups.................................................... 3.26-3
3.26.3 Auxiliary Outputs and Events to Change Settings Groups .......................... 3.26-4

3.27 Event Record .............................................................................................. 3.27-1

3.27.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.27-2
3.27.2 Organization of the Event Record ................................................................ 3.27-5
3.27.3 Event Mask .................................................................................................. 3.27-5
3.27.4 Consulting the Record ................................................................................. 3.27-5
3.27.5 Event Record Settings (via communications) .............................................. 3.27-6

3.28 Fault Reports .............................................................................................. 3.28-1

3.28.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.28-2
3.28.2 Fault Start Time Tag .................................................................................... 3.28-2
3.28.3 Trip Command Time Tag ............................................................................. 3.28-2
3.28.4 End of Fault Time Tag ................................................................................. 3.28-2

3.29 Metering History Log ................................................................................. 3.29-1

3.29.1 Operation ..................................................................................................... 3.29-2
3.29.2 Metering History Log Settings ...................................................................... 3.29-4

3.30 Oscillographic Recording ......................................................................... 3.30-1

3.30.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.30-2
3.30.2 Capture Function ......................................................................................... 3.30-2
3.30.3 Stored Data .................................................................................................. 3.30-2
3.30.4 Number of Channels and Digital Signals ..................................................... 3.30-2
3.30.5 Start Function ............................................................................................... 3.30-3
3.30.6 Oscillograph Deletion Function .................................................................... 3.30-3
3.30.7 Trip Required ............................................................................................... 3.30-3
3.30.8 Concatenation Stream Mode ....................................................................... 3.30-3
3.30.9 Pre-fault Time............................................................................................... 3.30-4
3.30.10 Length of the Oscillograph ........................................................................... 3.30-4
3.30.11 Interval between Triggers ............................................................................ 3.30-4
3.30.12 Oscillography Settings ................................................................................. 3.30-5
3.30.13 Digital Inputs of the Oscillographic Recording ............................................. 3.30-7
3.30.14 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Oscillographic Recording ................... 3.30-7

3.31 Inputs, Outputs & LED Targets................................................................. 3.31-1

3.31.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.31-2
3.31.2 Digital Inputs ................................................................................................ 3.31-2
3.31.2.a Enable Input ................................................................................................. 3.31-3
3.31.2.b Digital Inputs Settings .................................................................................. 3.31-4
3.31.2.c Digital Inputs Table ...................................................................................... 3.31-4
3.31.3 Auxiliary Outputs .......................................................................................... 3.31-7
3.31.3.a Auxiliary Outputs Table ................................................................................ 3.31-8
3.31.3.b Trip and Close Outputs ................................................................................ 3.31-13

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3.31.4 LED Targets ................................................................................................. 3.31-13

3.31.5 Digital Inputs, Auxiliary Outputs and LED’s Test ......................................... 3.31-14

3.32 Programmable Logic ................................................................................. 3.32-1

3.32.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.32-2
3.32.2 Functional Characteristics ........................................................................... 3.32-2
3.32.3 Primitive Functions (Opcodes) .................................................................... 3.32-4
3.32.3.a Logic Operations with Memory .................................................................... 3.32-11

3.33 Communications........................................................................................ 3.33-1

3.33.1 Communications Ports................................................................................. 3.33-2
3.33.2 Communication with ZivercomPlus ........................................................... 3.33-2
3.33.3 Synchronization by IRIG-B 123 and 003 ..................................................... 3.33-3
3.33.3.a UTC / Local Time Configuration .................................................................. 3.33-3
3.33.3.b IRIG-B Function Settings ............................................................................. 3.33-3
3.33.3.c Auxiliary Outputs of the IRIG-B Function..................................................... 3.33-3
3.33.4 Communications Protocol ............................................................................ 3.33-4
3.33.4.a Control Change Recording .......................................................................... 3.33-4
3.33.5 Communications Settings ............................................................................ 3.33-5
3.33.5.a Local Port ..................................................................................................... 3.33-6
3.33.5.b Remote Ports 1 and 2 .................................................................................. 3.33-6
3.33.5.c Remote Port 3 .............................................................................................. 3.33-7
3.33.5.d Ethernet Remote Ports 1, 2 and 3 ............................................................... 3.33-8
3.33.5.e PROCOME 3.0 Protocol Settings ................................................................ 3.33-8
3.33.5.f DNP 3.0 Protocol Settings ........................................................................... 3.33-9
3.33.5.g MODBUS Protocol Setting........................................................................... 3.33-10
3.33.6 Communications Settings ............................................................................ 3.33-11
3.33.7 Communications Test .................................................................................. 3.33-17
3.33.7.a PROCOME Protocol Test ............................................................................ 3.33-17
3.33.7.b DNP v3.0 Protocol Tests ............................................................................. 3.33-18

3.34 Integrated Simulator .................................................................................. 3.34-1

3.34.1 Description ................................................................................................... 3.34-2
3.34.2 Integrated Simulator Settings ...................................................................... 3.34-3
3.34.3 Digital Inputs of the Integrated Simulator .................................................... 3.34-3
3.34.4 Auxiliary Outputs of the Integrated Simulator .............................................. 3.34-3

3.35 Alarm Codes ............................................................................................... 3.35-1

3.35.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3.35-2
3.35.2 Activation of Signal and Alarm Generation Event ....................................... 3.35-2
3.35.3 Update of the Alarm Status Magnitude........................................................ 3.35-2
3.35.4 Indication on the HMI Stand-By Screen ...................................................... 3.35-3
3.35.5 General Alarm Counter ................................................................................ 3.35-3
3.35.6 Common Repairs ......................................................................................... 3.35-3

3.36 Fault Locator .............................................................................................. 3.36-1

3.36.1 Fault Locator Settings .................................................................................. 3.36-2
3.36.1.a Line Impedance ........................................................................................... 3.36-2
3.36.1.b Local Source Impedance ............................................................................. 3.36-2
3.36.1.c Configuration of the Fault Locator ............................................................... 3.36-2
3.36.2 Phase Selector ............................................................................................ 3.36-4
3.36.3 Location of Faults with 2 VTs and 3VTs ...................................................... 3.36-4
3.36.4 Configuration of the Fault Locator ............................................................... 3.36-5
3.36.5 Location Information .................................................................................... 3.36-6
3.36.6 Fault Locator Settings .................................................................................. 3.36-9

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 Table of Contents

A. PROCOME 3.0 Protocol ............................................................................. A-1

A.1 Control Application Layer ............................................................................. A-2
A.2 Control Data ................................................................................................. A-3

B. DNP V3.00 Device Profile Document ....................................................... B-1

C. MODBUS RTU Documentation Address Map.......................................... C-1

C.1 Preliminary Information ................................................................................ C-2
C.2 Function 01: Read Coil Status ..................................................................... C-2
C.2.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX ...................................................................... C-2
C.3 Function 02: Read Input Status ................................................................... C-2
C.3.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX ...................................................................... C-2
C.4 Function 03: Read Holding Registers .......................................................... C-3
C.4.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX ...................................................................... C-3
C.5 Function 04: Read Input Registers .............................................................. C-4
C.5.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX ...................................................................... C-4
C.6 Function 05: Force Single Coil ..................................................................... C-5
C.6.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX ...................................................................... C-5

D. Schemes and Drawings............................................................................. D-1

E. List of Illustrations and Tables ................................................................. E-1

E.1 List of Figures............................................................................................... E-2
E.2 List of Tables ................................................................................................ E-5

F. Warranty...................................................................................................... F-1

X
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 1

Description and
Start-Up
Contents

1.1 Functions
1.2 Additional Functions
1.3 Local Interface: Alphanumeric Display and Keypad
1.4 Model Selection
1.5 Installation and Commissioning
 1.1 Functions

1.1.1 Phase and Ground Overcurrent Protection (3x50/51 + 50N/51N).......................... 1.1-2

1.1.2 Sensitive Ground Overcurrent Protection (50Ns/51Ns).......................................... 1.1-2
1.1.3 Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection (50Q/51Q) ......................................... 1.1-2
1.1.4 Directional Units (3x67 + 67N + 67Q + 67Ns) ........................................................ 1.1-2
1.1.5 Ground Overcurrent Protection Schemes (85-67N/67Q) ....................................... 1.1-3
1.1.6 Neutral (Ungrounded / Petersen Coil) Overcurrent Protection ............................... 1.1-3
1.1.7 Voltage Dependent Phase Overcurrent Protection (3x51V) ................................... 1.1-3
1.1.8 Undervoltage Units (3x27) ...................................................................................... 1.1-3
1.1.9 Overvoltage Units (3x59) ........................................................................................ 1.1-3
1.1.10 Ground Overvoltage Unit (1x59N / 64) ................................................................... 1.1-3
1.1.11 Negative Sequence Overvoltage Unit (47) ............................................................. 1.1-4
1.1.12 Underfrequency (81m), Overfrequency (81M) and Rate of Change (81D)
Protection ................................................................................................................ 1.1-4
1.1.13 Breaker Failure Function (50/62BF) ....................................................................... 1.1-4
1.1.14 Open Phase Unit (46) ............................................................................................. 1.1-4
1.1.15 Residual Current Detection Unit (61) ...................................................................... 1.1-4
1.1.16 Synchronism Check Unit (25) ................................................................................. 1.1-5
1.1.17 Out-of-Step Element (78) ........................................................................................ 1.1-5
1.1.18 Thermal Image Unit (49) ......................................................................................... 1.1-5
1.1.19 Power Directional Unit (32P/Q)............................................................................... 1.1-6
1.1.20 Undercurrent Protection (3x37) .............................................................................. 1.1-6
1.1.21 Restricted Earth Fault Unit (87N)............................................................................ 1.1-6
1.1.22 Cold-Load Pick-Up .................................................................................................. 1.1-6
1.1.23 Three-Phase Recloser (79) .................................................................................... 1.1-6
1.1.24 Current Measurement Supervision (60CT) ............................................................. 1.1-7
1.1.25 Fuse Failure Detector (60VT) ................................................................................. 1.1-7
 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

The IED generically called IRX integrates protection, control and metering functions for a great
variety of applications, such as feeders, machine lines, frontier points, etc. These IEDs use the
most advanced digital technology based on a potent microprocessor and DSPs that incorporate
Directional and Non-Directional Overcurrent Protection, Overvoltage, Undervoltage,
Over/Underfrequency, Synchronism, Power Inversion, Thermal Image, Recloser function and
others.

IRX systems are designed for medium voltage lines, transformers, generators and feeders in
general where a protection, control and measurement device is required.

This instruction manual refers to different models whose particular features are stated on
paragraph 1.5, Model Selection.

1.1.1 Phase and Ground Overcurrent Protection

(3x50/51 + 50N/51N)
Depending on the model, there are four overcurrent measuring units (three phase and one
ground unit). Each unit contains three time and three instantaneous elements with an additional
adjustable timer.

The time units have a wide range of selectable time-current curves according to IEC and
IEEE/ANSI standards: Fixed Time, Moderately Inverse, Inverse, Very Inverse, Extremely
Inverse, Long-Time Inverse, Short-Time Inverse, RI Inverse, as well as any of them configured
with a Time Limit, and one User-Defined Curve.

When time elements have been configured to operate in accordance with an inverse curve, one
can select whether this should be instantaneously reset when values registered fall below a
specific threshold, or in accordance with an emulation of the disc for electromechanical relays.

These models have independent LED targets for each element for the pickup and trip of the
phase and neutral time and instantaneous units. They can be directed to any logic signal.

1.1.2 Sensitive Ground Overcurrent Protection (50Ns/51Ns)

Depending on the model, there is also one Sensitive Ground metering unit made up of a time
unit and an instantaneous element with an additional adjustable timer.

The characteristics of the time unit are identical to those indicated in the preceding case.

1.1.3 Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection (50Q/51Q)

All the models have Negative Sequence Overcurrent measuring units. These units are made up
of three time and three instantaneous elements with an additional adjustable timer.

1.1.4 Directional Units (3x67 + 67N + 67Q + 67Ns)

Depending on the model, it is possible to set any of the previously mentioned overcurrent units
as directional units.

As regards IRX-A, since this lacks analog voltage inputs, directionality for overcurrent elements
cannot be provided. Directional sensitive ground functions are not available in model IRX-C.

1.1-2
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 1.1 Functions

1.1.5 Ground Overcurrent Protection Schemes (85-67N/67Q)

Depending on the model, Ground and Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent elements
can be provided with the following Protection Schemes:

• Direct Transfer Trip.

• Permissive Overreach Trip.
• Directional Comparison Blocking.

Apart from the Protection Schemes available, any other protection scheme can be configured,
through the equipment programmable logic.

1.1.6 Neutral (Ungrounded / Petersen Coil) Overcurrent Protection

Model IRX-C counts on ground elements and an isolated neutral directional element to detect
ground-faults. That unit can be also applied in systems solidly grounded through a Petersen
coil; in such situations the unit behaves as a compensated ground unit.

1.1.7 Voltage Dependent Phase Overcurrent Protection (3x51V)

All the models with voltage analog inputs have three Voltage Dependent Overcurrent units
(three phases) each with a definite time delay element. Operation can be set as voltage
restrained units or voltage controlled units.

1.1.8 Undervoltage Units (3x27)

There are three Undervoltage Units (three phases) independently selectable as Line or Phase
voltage for models with voltage analog inputs. Each consists of three instantaneous elements
with an additional adjustable timer.

You can set the trip of each unit as single-phase or three-phase undervoltage. There are status
contact inputs for blocking minimum voltage trip.

1.1.9 Overvoltage Units (3x59)

There are three Overvoltage Units (three phases) independently selectable as Line or Phase
voltage for models with voltage analog inputs. Each consists of three instantaneous elements
with an additional adjustable timer.

You can set the trip of each unit as single-phase or three-phase overvoltage. There are status
contact inputs for blocking maximum voltage trip.

1.1.10 Ground Overvoltage Unit (1x59N / 64)

Models with voltage analog inputs have two residual overvoltage metering units. Depending on
the specific model (see 1.5), they take the measurement obtained by calculating the three
phase voltages available in the IED (1x59N) or using data from a voltage transformer connected
to the IED in open delta (64).

These metering units consist of two instantaneous elements with an additional adjustable timer.
There are status contact inputs for blocking ground overvoltage trip.

1.1-3
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.1.11 Negative Sequence Overvoltage Unit (47)

There is a Negative Sequence Overvoltage metering unit with an adjustable timer for models
with voltage analog inputs.

1.1.12 Underfrequency (81m), Overfrequency (81M) and Rate of

Change (81D) Protection
The models with analog voltage inputs have an analog voltage input for obtaining the frequency
and twelve metering units (4 Underfrequency, 4 Overfrequency and 4 Frequency Rate of
Change). Each of these units contains one element with an adjustable timer. You can set it as
instantaneous.

There are status contact inputs for blocking trips induced by any of these frequency units.

Underfrequency / Rate of Change and Overfrequency units 1 can be programmed to perform a

load shedding and reset step. For more steps, it is necessary to use the programmable logic
and configure it using the signals generated by the rest of the frequency units.

1.1.13 Breaker Failure Function (50/62BF)

All the models have a built-in (three-phase trip) Breaker Failure function, which sends trip
commands to one or more other breakers.

1.1.14 Open Phase Unit (46)

All the models have an unit to detect the opening or unbalance of one or more phases. When
this is detected, the unit trips and eliminates the unbalance.

It operates on a time characteristic with a fixed time adjustable timer.

1.1.15 Residual Current Detection Unit (61)

The purpose of the Residual Current Detection unit is to generate a trip as soon as it detects the
circulation of zero sequence current (that does not reach the fault level) in a pre-set time
interval. The circulation of this current indicates that there is an unbalance of currents in the
installation.

All the models have a unit of this type. This unit operates on a time characteristic with additional
adjustable timer.

1.1-4
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 1.1 Functions

1.1.16 Synchronism Check Unit (25)

In models with voltage analog inputs there is a synchronism check unit that checks various
values, such as the existence of voltage in buses and bay IED and the magnitude, angle and
frequency difference between the two so that the breaker can reset (internal synchronism).

Each criterion of the four mentioned can be disabled separately. The existence of synchronism
for any of the possible criteria is also indicated separately. Moreover, it can be directed to the
IED’s configurable logic.

You can also check external synchronism. You only need to activate an external digital input of
synchronism to allow the reset.

The synchronism unit can supervise both the manual resets as well as the resets given by the
Recloser function.

1.1.17 Out-of-Step Element (78)

The models with voltage analog inputs have an Out-of-Step element to detect perturbations on
the system and quickly disconnect the synchronous generators connected to it. This detection is
based on phase A voltage passing by zero, since the half-wave in which the anomaly occurs is
a different length from the preceding half-waves.

This unit operates on a time characteristic with additional adjustable timer.

1.1.18 Thermal Image Unit (49)

The IED has a Thermal Image unit that uses the current circulating through the wires to
estimate their thermal status in order to trigger a trip when they have reached high
temperatures.

This module is prepared to protect bay IEDs, motors and transformers from overheating
according to the setting available for that purpose in the IED. You can also enable or disable it
with another setting in the IED.

The unit provides an alarm or a trip independently. You can direct both to the IED’s configurable
logic.

1.1-5
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.1.19 Power Directional Unit (32P/Q)

The Models with voltage analog inputs have two Power Directional units. Both can be set to
operate with active or reactive power or one for each type. When the operating angle is set
other than 0º or other than a multiplier of 90º, the units will operate as Apparent Power
Directional units.

Through the corresponding angle setting, it can supervise values of positive or negative active
power, values of positive or negative reactive power, or a combination of the two depending on
the value of the angle selected. In all cases, the units follow a time characteristic with an
adjustable timer.

1.1.20 Undercurrent Protection (3x37)

All the models have three Undercurrent (three phase) metering units. They consist of a time
element with an adjustable timer.

A setting in the relay allows you to select the magnitude to monitor, either the value of the
positive sequence current or the value of the three phase currents.

1.1.21 Restricted Earth Fault Unit (87N)

The IRX-B model has a restricted earth fault unit for use with transformers. The idea is to detect
faults in Grounded wye connected windings, since the value of the fault current produced can
be very small depending on the impedance to ground and on the bay of the fault on the winding
itself.

This unit operates on a time characteristic with an adjustable timer.

1.1.22 Cold-Load Pick-Up

All models are provided with a Cold-Load Pick-Up unit. The purpose of this function is to avoid
trips when reconnecting heavy loads. This is achieved by temporarily selecting a different
settings group.

1.1.23 Three-Phase Recloser (79)

The Recloser function offers the possibility of coordinating with an external protection device in
addition to the IED's built-in protection. Reclosing sequences for phase and ground faults can
be set independently.

Reclosing is selectable up to a maximum of four attempts with independent settings for recloser
timers and reset times. The sequence is controlled by the Reclose Initiate signal and the
position of the breaker as well as by the presence of voltage and the existence of synchronism.

The trip units and reclose attempts enabled during a fault clearing and reclosing sequence are
selectable. Manual closing can be initiated from the Recloser. In this instance is supervised and
controlled in the same way as any reclosing following a trip from the protection units.

1.1-6
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 1.1 Functions

1.1.24 Current Measurement Supervision (60CT)

All models have a system for the supervision of the set of elements that make up the system for
measuring phase currents, ranging from external current transformers to the copper cables that
connect elements to the relay, to internal magnetic modules for the IRX equipment.

1.1.25 Fuse Failure Detector (60VT)

Models with analog voltage inputs have a Fuse Failure Detector that can block the operation of
the elements based on voltage measurements (phase undervoltage and overvoltage, ground
overvoltage, negative sequence overvoltage, synchronism, etc.) if any of the voltages in the
secondary voltage transformer disappear.

All the protection functions described have 4 selectable setting groups (one active and three
alternative groups) for their corresponding rating under various system conditions. Each
function can be enabled or disabled during configuration or by commands transmitted via the
communications ports, operator interface (HMI) or digital inputs.

They all have independent LED targets for each element (to which the phase distinction is
applied) for the pickup and trip of the phase and ground time and instantaneous elements. They
can be directed to any logic signal.

1.1-7
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Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.1-8
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
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 1.2 Additional
Functions

1.2.1 Local Control ............................................................................................................ 1.2-2

1.2.2 Programmable Logic ................................................................................................ 1.2-2
1.2.3 Ports and Communications Protocols...................................................................... 1.2-2
1.2.4 Current Detection Unit (50D) ................................................................................... 1.2-2
1.2.5 Integrated Simulator................................................................................................. 1.2-3
1.2.6 Supervision of the Switching Circuits....................................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.7 Selecting the Phase Sequence................................................................................ 1.2-3
1.2.8 Number of Voltage Transformers (Model IRX-B) .................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.9 Breaker Monitoring................................................................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.10 Excessive Number of Trips ...................................................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.11 LED Targets ............................................................................................................. 1.2-3
1.2.12 Digital Inputs ............................................................................................................ 1.2-3
1.2.13 Auxiliary Outputs ...................................................................................................... 1.2-3
1.2.14 Time Synchronization .............................................................................................. 1.2-4
1.2.15 Fault Locator ............................................................................................................ 1.2-4
1.2.16 Event Recording and Programmable Metering Data Logging ................................. 1.2-4
1.2.17 Fault Reporting ........................................................................................................ 1.2-4
1.2.18 Historical Metering Data Logging............................................................................. 1.2-4
1.2.19 Oscillographic Register ............................................................................................ 1.2-4
1.2.20 Alphanumeric Display and Keypad .......................................................................... 1.2-5
1.2.21 Self-Test Program .................................................................................................... 1.2-5
 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.2.1 Local Control

You have programmable and function buttons on the front of the IED for operating on the
system's configurable elements in the IED (Breaker, Sectionalizers, Recloser Function,
Automatic Control Functions, Protection Units, Local/Remote, Active Group of Settings, etc.)
and for resetting the operation LEDs.

1.2.2 Programmable Logic

An operational logic can be programmed in order to set up blockings, automatic controls, control
and trip logic functions, command hierarchy, etc through logic gates combined with any
captured or equipment-calculated signal.

All the signals generated by the equipment will be available to the events, fault reports,
oscillograph records, digital inputs and outputs, HMI and communications according to how their
programmable logic has been configured.

The processing of the input signals produces logical outputs that can be assigned to existing
connections between the IRX and the exterior: auxiliary output contacts, display,
communications, LEDs, HMI…

1.2.3 Ports and Communications Protocols

IRX relays are provided with different types of communications ports:

• 1 front Local Port type RS232C and USB.

• Up to 3 Remote fiber optic ports (ST glass or 1mm plastic), electrical interface
RS232/RS485, or LAN on connector RJ45 for ETHERNET-type communications. One
of these remote ports can be used for BUS connection with CAN protocol.

The IED also has the following communications protocols: PROCOME 3.0, DNP 3.0, MODBUS.
(you can assign any one of them to both remote ports) and CAN (electric BUS CAN). The local
port supports the PROCOME 3.0 Protocol. It is for parameter setting, configuration and retrieval
of information about the IED.

Protocol changeover trailers are totally independent for each port and same-protocol instances
can be maintained in all of the remote ports.

1.2.4 Current Detection Unit (50D)

The IED has three units for detecting current by phases and, therefore, for knowing whether or
not there is current in the bay IED to be protected. The indication of existence of this current in
the bay IED can be directed to the logic of the IED.

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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 1.2 Additional Functions

1.2.5 Integrated Simulator

The equipment count on a special mode for testing and simulating the operation of implemented
units by means of loading an external oscillogram into the device through the front
communication port.

1.2.6 Supervision of the Switching Circuits

The IED has units for verifying the proper operation of the switching circuits of the breaker. They
can monitor up to three coils. You can monitor both breaker positions (open and closed) or
either one of them.

1.2.7 Selecting the Phase Sequence

You can configure the connection of the IED to the network sequence when the phase
sequences are ABC or ACB.

1.2.8 Number of Voltage Transformers (Model IRX-B)

You can configure the IED to measure voltages with three transformers that measure phase-
ground voltages or two that measure phase-phase voltages (UAB and UBC). In either case, the
relay remains totally functional.

1.2.9 Breaker Monitoring

To have information for maintaining the breaker, the IED has an unit that sums and
accumulates the kA2s values each time it trips.

1.2.10 Excessive Number of Trips

This function prevents the breaker from making an undesirable number of operations in a given
period of time, which may result in breaker damage. When the maximum number of trips
allowed is surpassed, the Recloser function is blocked.

1.2.11 LED Targets

There are eight configurable LEDs and an additional one indicating equipment “In Service” on
the equipment.

1.2.12 Digital Inputs

The number of digital inputs available will depend on each particular model (see 1.4, Model
Selection). These can range from 8 to 18.

1.2.13 Auxiliary Outputs

The number of auxiliary outputs available will also depend on each particular model (see 1.4,
Model Selection) and may vary from 3 up to 8. One of these outputs is not configurable as it is
assigned to the relay “In Service” indication.

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 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.2.14 Time Synchronization

The IEDs include an internal clock with a resolution of 1 ms. This can be synchronized via GPS
(IRIG-B 003 and 123 Protocol) or by communications through remote communications port
(PROCOME 3.0 or DNP 3.0 Protocols).

1.2.15 Fault Locator

A Fault Locator is included (in models with voltage analog inputs), to determine the distance to
the fault in miles, kilometers or percentage of total length

1.2.16 Event Recording and Programmable Metering Data Logging

Storage capacity of 400 annotations in a non-volatile memory. Event-generated signals can be
selected by the user and are annotated with 1ms resolution and a maximum of 12
measurements also user-selected.

1.2.17 Fault Reporting

Storage capacity of up to 15 fault reports with relevant information, such as units picked up,
units tripped, pre-fault values, fault values, current interrupted by breaker, etc.

1.2.18 Historical Metering Data Logging

Historical metering data logging allows for obtaining twelve maximum and twelve minimum
values from a group of four magnitudes selected out of all available measurements (captured or
calculated), except meters, for each time window. This window can be adapted to the
application by adjustment of day and interval masks. Up to 168 records can be saved.

1.2.19 Oscillographic Register

The Oscillographic Recording function is composed of two different sub functions: capture and
display. Both analog magnitudes and internal signals as well as digital equipment inputs will be
recorded, up to a total of 64 oscillograms in a circular memory. Sampling and storing frequency
is 32 samples per cycle with 15 seconds of total storage.

Oscillograms are delivered in format COMTRADE 99.

A program for the display and analysis of the captured oscillograms is supplied with the
equipment.

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 1.2 Additional Functions

1.2.20 Alphanumeric Display and Keypad

• Changing and displaying settings.
• Protection operations:
- Last trip and Recloser status.
- Units picked up.
- Tripped units.
- Contact input and output status.
- Distance to the fault.
• Protection records (displayed via communication):
- Event recording.
- Fault report.
- Log file of currents, voltages, powers, power factor and energies or other calculated
values.
• Control records
• Metering values used by protection:
- Phase and ground currents and their angles
- Voltages of the three phases and ground and their angles
- Synchronism voltage
- Phase-to-phase voltages
- Thermal image value
- Maximum and minimum current
- Maximum and minimum voltage
- Positive, negative and zero sequence currents and their angles
- Positive, negative and zero sequence voltages and their angles
- Active, reactive and apparent powers and power factor
- Maximum and minimum powers
- Frequency
- Energies
- 2nd to 8th order harmonics of the current and voltage of phase A.

1.2.21 Self-Test Program

A continuously running diagnostic self-test program verifies the correct operation of the terminal
unit and alerts the user of potential problems.

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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 1.3 Local Interface:
Alphanumeric Display
and Keypad

1.3.1 Alphanumeric Display and Keypad .......................................................................... 1.3-2

1.3.2 Control Buttons ........................................................................................................ 1.3-3
1.3.3 Keys, Functions and Operation Modes.................................................................... 1.3-4
1.3.3.a Keypad ................................................................................................................ 1.3-4
1.3.3.b Auxiliary Function Keys ...................................................................................... 1.3-5
1.3.3.c Access to Options ............................................................................................... 1.3-5
1.3.3.d Operation ............................................................................................................ 1.3-5
1.3.4 Last Trip Indication................................................................................................... 1.3-7
 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.3.1 Alphanumeric
Display and
Keypad
The resolution of the display is 320
pixels horizontally, and 240 vertically
and it has a depth of colour consisting
on 16 bits = 65536 colours. You can
visualize alarms, settings,
measurements, status, etc. from the
display. Next to the display is the
keypad. The next section explains the
functions associated to these keys.
Figure 1.3.1 represents the layout of
the default display.

Figure 1.3.1: Alphanumeric Display.

• Default Display
As shown under Figure 1.3.1, the default display presents the model in question, the date and
time, and the measurement of phase voltages and currents with their respective angles can be
visualized in the same. The left-hand side of the top line also describes that communication has
been established with a green light.
• Command Panel Screen
2IRX-***-****E0** relays are provided with a graphic screen for HMI commands in which data on
the status of the signals selected from the Zivercomplus® are shown and commands
configured from the Ziverlog®, which are executed from the SEL command buttons , I (close)
and O (open).

Texts on the relay’s HMI are acronyms of the selected signals.

Access to the command panel is

gained through the SEL key. The
different windows can be scrolled
using also the SEL key. The signals
to be displayed on the windows can
be defined through the
Zivercomplus® (Command Panel –
Digital Signals). Also, texts displayed
on the commands to be executed:
Activate / Deactivate; Block /
Unblock; Enable / Disable… can be
configured in the Zivercomplus®.

Figure 1.3.1: Example of Command Panel Screen.

All signals displayed on the command panel screen must be wired through Ziverlog®
programmable logic associating the signals related to the command to be executed through the
buttons *(O Panel X)*(I Close Panel X) associated to the different windows.

(*) Up to 8 panels can be selected.

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 1.3 Local Interface: Alphanumeric Display and Keypad

In the same command panel option, there exists the possibility to block the signals. In this way,
when a selected signal is selected on digital signal blocking, the window will be blocked and it
will not be possible to go through this window.
• Keypad associated to the Alphanumeric Display
The keypad has 4 keys, as follows:

▲ this key provides access to a display where

events are visualized.
► this key enables you to visualize measurements.
▼ this key provides access to digital inputs and
outputs.
◄ this key enables access to a display where faults
are visualized.

The keypad also provides an Enter key (in the

centre) and an Escape key (ESC).

Figure 1.3.2: Keypad.

1.3.2 Control Buttons

Three buttons are available to operate the system
elements, setting tables or protection units
configured in the unit: buttons I and O (closing and
open controls, respectively) and button 79 for
reclosing.

Figure 1.3.3: Command Buttons.

In 2IRX-***-****E0** relays access to the command

panel is gained through the SEL key. This same
button is used to scroll the command panel to select
a window. Use buttons (I) and (O) to execute the
commands configured in the logic through the
Ziverlog®.

Figure 1.3.4: Command Buttons in 2IRX-

***-****E0** Relays.

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 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

It must be taken into account that

control buttons corresponding to open
and closure are associated by default
to 1 and 0 ◄ ►, hence, in principle,
these could not be used for
programmable logic, unless through
the Ziverlog® program, and under the
section Configuration of the Front
Panel’s Control Buttons, this
provides the option of disassociating
the buttons and, thus, be able to use
them for the logic, as displayed under
figure 1.3.4.

Figure 1.3.5: Configuration of Control Buttons.

1.3.3 Keys, Functions and Operation Modes

The following is a description of the functions provided by available keys, both as regards the
functions associated to the alphanumeric display and those of the keypad.

1.3.3.a Keypad

Confirmation key
The confirmation key is used for confirming an action: after making a selection, or
after editing a setting, or else to go on to visualize the totality of the registered
data. After an operation is carried out (selection, change of settings, information,
etc), press ← again and return to the immediately previous level.

Escape key
The ESC key is used to exit the display if you do not wish to make any modification
in the setting, or if you simply wish to exit the information display. In any case,
when you press this key the system returns to the immediately previous level.

Selection keys on the display

You can go forward or backward in correlative order, using the selection keys, to
any of the options available in a menu or submenu. When more than eight options
are available in a menu, an arrow (⇓) will be visualized on the right-hand side of
the display, indicating the existence of the same. These options will be accessed
with key ▼ and the options that appear in the first place will cease to be visualized,

Then, a bar with an arrow (⇑) will appear on the right-hand side of the display,
which will indicate, at the same time, the existence of these first options.

The key ◄ is also used for erasing digits within a setting when modifications are
being carried out on the same. It only has this function when the setting is being
introduced.

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 1.3 Local Interface: Alphanumeric Display and Keypad

1.3.3.b Auxiliary Function Keys

When this key is pressed from the default display, it gives access to the
information provided by the registration of control changes.

The key ► is used for consulting the unit as regards the data pertaining to current,
voltage, power, etc. measurements, and to reset the last trip indication and the
LEDs.

The function key ► is used for rejecting the changes undertaken on the settings
(when the unit requests the confirmation of these changes) and to reject the
activation of a table of reserve settings (also when this confirmation is requested).

By pressing ▼ you can visualize the status of digital inputs and outputs from the
unit.

Once the status of digital inputs is on screen, click the function key ► to visualize
the status of digital outputs.

By pressing ◄ you confirm the changes of settings undertaken (when the unit
requests that changes need to be confirmed) or the activation of a table of settings
is confirmed (when the unit requests that changes need to be confirmed).

1.3.3.c Access to Options

To access options, you must scroll around the menus using the selection keys and afterwards
confirm the option selected by pressing ENT.

1.3.3.d Operation
• Range Settings
Range settings are displayed as follows: the operational value of the setting is displayed under
ACT (Actual). The new value is introduced in the next line, under NEW, where the cursor will
display an intermittent flash.

The new function keys are used for

editing the new value which must tally
with the range specified in the last line
of the display. If there is an error when
a value is introduced, you must use
key ◄ to erase the same. Once the
new value has been edited, press key
« to confirm the same and exit to the
previous menu.

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 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

There is a type of setting that adjusts

to this scheme, but its range is limited
to options YES and NO. Keys ◄ (1)
and ► (0) correspond in this case to
values YES and NO. After this, press
key « to confirm the setting and
return to the previous screen.

• Settings for the Selection of

an Option
These settings present the layout of
an options menu. Select the required
option through the selection keys and
confirmation using «. Thus, the
system returns to the previous screen.

• Masks Settings
As can be observed from the screen,
the different options are presented in
vertical order. Its current setting is: an
empty circle or a filled circle which
indicates enabled (z) or disabled (})
respectively.

The mask is modified (in the line

indicated by brackets) using keys ◄
(1), enable, and ► (0), disabled.

In the event that there are more

options than those that can
represented in one screen alone, an
arrow (↓) will appear at the end of the
last line, which will indicate the
existence of that second screen. This
second screen appears as soon as
the last option on the first screen has
been set.

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 1.3 Local Interface: Alphanumeric Display and Keypad

• Exit Menus and Settings

In order to exit a menu or setting that you do not wish to modify, press ESC key. To exit a data
display, you can either press the confirmation key « or ESC. In all cases, you will return to the
previous menu.

1.3.4 Last Trip Indication

If any trip has taken place, the terminal would display, in the first place, data regarding the
same. This data would be visualized as follows:

Additional screens will be created depending on the last types of units that trip. The format is
always similar: a heading line that indicates the type of unit that has tripped (for example, Temp
Current), and below this, all the elements and phases that have been involved (Temp1 A,
Temp1 B,...). If various functions should trip, and thus do not all fit into one screen, you can
access all the functions involved through the selection keys.

If, on the contrary, no trips have taken place since the last reset, this screen will not be
displayed.

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Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.3-8
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
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 1.4 Model
Selection

1.4.1 Model Selection ....................................................................................................... 1.4-2

 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.4.1 Model Selection

2IRX
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2 Functions
A 3x50/51+50N/51N+50Ns/51Ns+50Q/51Q+37+79+49 C 3x50/51+50N/51N+50Q/51Q+51V+3x67+67N+67Q+67
+50BF+46+60CT Na+67Nc+37+3x27+3x59+1x59N+47+81M/m+81D+79+
B 3x50/51+50/51N+50Ns/51Ns+50Q/51Q+51V+3x67 25+32+32Q+49+50BF+46+78+60CT+60VT+
+67N+67Ns+67Q+37+3x27+3x59+1x59N+47+81M/ Teleprotection Schemes
m+81D+79+25+32+32Q+49+50BF+46+87N(REF)+
78+Teleprotection Schemes
3 Options
1 Standard Model
4 Hardware Options
N Standard Model S Integrated Simulator
R Long term oscillographic register (20OSC x 10s)
5 Power Supply Voltage
1 24 Vdc (±20%) / 24 Vac (±10%) 2 48 - 250 Vdc (±20%) / 48 - 230 Vac (±10%)
6 Digital Inputs
0 24 Vdc 3 250 Vdc
1 48 Vdc 6 125 Vdc (Activ. >65%)
2 125 Vdc A 125 Vdc (DIs IN-7 and IN-8 with common positive)
7 Communications Ports [COM1-LOC] [COM 2-REMP1] [COM3-REMP2] [COM4-REMP3]
0 [RS232+USB] [ -- ] [ -- ] [ -- ] 7 [RS232] [FOC ST] [FOC ST] [ -- ]
1 [RS232] [ETHERNET] [RS232 / RS485] [ -- ] 8 [RS232] [FOC ST] [RS232 / RS485]
2 [RS232+USB] [ETHERNET] [RS232 / RS485] [ -- ] 9 [RS232] [FOP] [FOP] [ -- ]
3 [RS232+USB] [FOC ST] [FOC ST] [ -- ] A [RS232] [FOP] [RS232 / RS485] [ -- ]
4 [RS232+USB] [FOC ST] [RS232 / RS485] [ -- ] B [RS232] [RS232 / RS485] [RS232 / RS485] [ -- ]
5 [RS232+USB] [FOP] [FOP] [ -- ] C RS232+USB] [RS232 / RS485] [RS232 / RS485] [ -- ]
6 [RS232+USB] [FOP] [RS232 / RS485] [ -- ]
8 Inputs / Outputs
0 8DI + 2DO + 1Trip + 1Close + 1DO In Service 2 18DI + 7DO + 1Trip + 1Close + 1DO In Service +
[Link]. VDC (0-300Vdc)
1 18DI + 7DO + 1Trip + 1Close + 1DO In Service + 1
T.I. (1)
9 Spare (to be defined in the factory)
00 Standard Model D0 B0 + 50BF/62BF (con Retrip) + Capacitive Filtering for
A0 00+Units 51 Reset with Disk Emulation+60CT VTs + Positive Sequence Directional + Fault Detector +
B0 A0 + 60VT + Function 49 based on RMS Value Week-Infeed Logic
or Fundamental Value E0 B0 + HMI with Graphic Display for Commands
10 Enclosure
G 4U x 19" 1/2 Rack (DI / DO type 0 and 1)
11 Communications Protocols [COM1-LOC] [COM 2-REMP1 + COM3-REMP2] [COM4-REMP3]
B [PROCOME 3.0] [ - ] [ - ] L [PROCOME 3.0] [PROCOME 3.0/DNP 3.0 (Profile
K [PROCOME 3.0] [PROCOME 3.0/DNP 3.0 (Profile II)/MODBUS(2)]. SERIAL, ETHERNET [PROCOME
II)/MODBUS (2)] [PROCOME 3.0/DNP 3.0 (Profile 3.0/DNP 3.0 (Perfil II)/MODBUS (2)]. SERIAL,
II)/MODBUS (2)] ETHERNET
12 Finishing
-- Printed Circuit Board No Tropicalized + Standard X Printed Circuit Board Tropicalized + Commands
Colors [O – Red and I - Green] Selection Button (SEL)
L Printed Circuit Board Tropicalized + Standard
Colors [O – Red and I - Green]

(1)Selectable (0-5)mA or (±2.5)mA

(2) Selectable independently for COM2 and COM3
(3) Selectable only for IRX-B models

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 1.4 Model Selection

• Functions

50 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent

51 Phase Time Overcurrent (inverse / definite)
50N Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent
51N Ground Time Overcurrent (inverse / definite)
50Ns Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent
51Ns Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent (inverse / definite)
50Q Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent (I2)
51Q Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent (inverse / definite) (I2)
67 Phase Directional
67N Ground Directional
67Ns Sensitive Ground Directional
67Na Ungrounded Neutral Directional
67Q Negative Sequence Directional
51V Voltage Dependent Phase Overcurrent
27 Phase Undervoltage
59 Phase Overvoltage
59N/64 Ground Overvoltage
47 Negative Sequence Overvoltage
81M Overfrequency
81m Underfrequency
81D Frequency Rate of Change
50/62BF Breaker failure
46 Open Phase
61 Residual Current Detection
25 Synchronism Check
78 Out-of-Step
49 Thermal Image
32P/Q Directional Power
37 Phase Undercurrent
87N Restricted Earth Faults
79 Recloser
60CT Current measurement supervision
60VT Fuse failure Detector

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Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.4-4
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 1.5 Installation and
Commissioning

1.5.1 General .................................................................................................................... 1.5-2

1.5.2 Accuracy .................................................................................................................. 1.5-2
1.5.3 Installation ................................................................................................................ 1.5-2
1.5.4 Preliminary Inspection ............................................................................................. 1.5-3
1.5.5 Tests ........................................................................................................................ 1.5-4
1.5.5.a Isolation Test ...................................................................................................... 1.5-4
1.5.5.b Power Supply Test.............................................................................................. 1.5-5
1.5.5.c Metering Tests .................................................................................................... 1.5-5
 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.5.1 General
Improper handling of electrical equipment is extremely dangerous, therefore, only skilled and
qualified personnel familiar with appropriate safety procedures and precautions should work
with this equipment. Damage to equipment and injury to personnel can result when proper
safety precautions are not followed.

The following general safety precautions are provided as a reminder:

• High magnitude voltages are present in Power Supply and metering circuits even
after equipment has been disconnected.
• Equipment should be solidly grounded before handling or operating.
• Under no circumstances should the operating limits of the equipment be exceeded
(voltage, current, etc.).
• The power supply voltage should be disconnected from the equipment before
extracting or inserting any module; otherwise damage may result.

The tests defined next are those indicated for the start-up of an IRX IED. They do not
necessarily coincide with the final manufacturing tests to which each manufactured IED is
subjected. The number, the type and the specific characteristics of the acceptance tests are
model dependent.

1.5.2 Accuracy
The accuracy of the measuring instruments and test source signals (auxiliary power supply
voltage, AC currents and AC voltages) is key in electrical testing. Therefore, the information
specified in the Technical Data section (2.1) of this manual can only be reasonably verified with
test equipment under normal reference conditions and with the tolerances indicated in the UNE
21-136 and IEC 255 standards in addition to using precision instruments.

It is extremely important that there be little or no distortion (<2%) in the test source signals as
harmonics can affect internal measuring of the equipment. For example, distortions will affect
this IED, made up of non-linear elements, differently from an AC ammeter, because the
measurement is made differently in both cases.

It must be emphasized that the accuracy of the test will depend on the instruments used for
measuring as well as the source signals used. Therefore, tests performed with secondary
equipment should focus on operation verification and not on measuring accuracy.

1.5.3 Installation
• Location
The place where the equipment is installed must fulfill some minimum requirements, not only to
guarantee correct operation and the maximum duration of useful life, but also to facilitate
placing the unit in service and performing necessary maintenance. These minimum
requirements are the following:

• Absence of dust • Absence of vibration • Easy access

• Absence of humidity • Good lighting • Horizontal or vertical mounting

Installation should be accomplished in accordance with the dimension diagrams.

1.5-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 1.5 Installation and Commissioning

• Connections
The first terminal of the terminal block corresponding to the auxiliary power supply must be
connected to ground so that the filter circuits can operate. The cable used for this connection
should be 14 AWG stranded wire, with a minimum cross section of 2.5 mm2. The length of the
connection to ground should be as short as possible, but not more than 75 inches (30 cm). In
addition, the ground terminal of the case, located on the rear of the unit, should be connected to
ground.

1.5.4 Preliminary Inspection

The following equipment aspects should be examined:

• The unit is in good physical condition, mechanical parts are securely attached and no
assembly screws are missing.
• The unit model number and specifications agree with the equipment order.

Figure 1.5.1: Name Plate (2IRX).

1.5-3
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 Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.5.5 Tests
1.5.5.a Isolation Test
While testing for isolation of switchgear and external wiring, the IED must be disconnected to
avoid damage in case the test is not performed properly or if there are shorts in the harness,
since the manufacturer has performed isolation testing on 100% of the units.
• Common Mode
All the terminals of the IED must be short-circuited, except those that relate to the power supply.
The enclosure ground terminal must also be disconnected. Then 2000 Vac are applied between
the interconnected terminals and the metal case for 1 min or 2500 Vac during 1s between the
terminal group and the metal enclosure. When the IED has the inputs, outputs and converters
expansion card, terminals of the transducers do not need to be short-circuited (See External
Connection Schemes).
• Between groups
The isolation groups are made up of the current and voltage inputs (independent channels),
digital inputs, auxiliary outputs, trip and close contacts and power supply. Refer to the
connection’s schematic to identify the terminals to group for performing the test. Then 2500
VAC are applied during 1 sec. between each pair of groups. For the transducers test 1,000 VAC
are applied during one second between this group and all the rest.

There are internal capacitors that can generate high voltage if the test
points are removed for the insulation test without reducing the test voltage.

1.5-4
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 1.5 Installation and Commissioning

1.5.5.b Power Supply Test

Connect the power supply as indicated in following table.

VDC PROT CON1P CON2P

C22(+) - C23(-) C9-C10 C9-C11

It is important to verify that, when the IED is not energized, the contacts designated CON2P in
the table mentioned previously are closed, and those designated CON1P are open. Then it is
fed its rated voltage and the contacts designated CON1P and CON2P must change state and
the “In Service” LED must light up.

1.5.5.c Metering Tests

For this test it should be considered that, if it is required to avoid trips while this is being carried
out, the elements should be disabled and the cutoff of the injection of current and/or voltage by
the breaker avoided. Subsequently, the currents and voltages which, as an example, are
indicated in the following table, will be applied to each of the channels and the following
measures will be verified:

Applied Measured Freq.

Phase of I or V Phase of I or V Freq. Applied Measured
Current or Current or
applied measured (V > 20 Vac)
Voltage Voltage (V > 20 Vac)
X X ±1% Y Y ±1º Z Z ±5 mHz

Note: to check high current values, they are applied during the shortest possible time; for example, for 20 A,
less than 8 seconds. To be able to view the angles, the phase A voltage must be applied the same as for
measuring the frequency.

1.5-5
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
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Chapter 1. Description and Start-Up

1.5-6
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 2
Technical
Specifications
and Physical
Description
Contents

2.1 Technical Data

2.2 Standards and Type Tests
2.3 Physical Architecture
 2.1 Technical
Data

2.1.1 Power Supply Voltage ............................................................................................. 2.1-2

2.1.2 Power Supply Burden .............................................................................................. 2.1-2
2.1.3 Current Analog Inputs .............................................................................................. 2.1-2
2.1.4 Voltage Analog Inputs .............................................................................................. 2.1-2
2.1.5 Frequency ................................................................................................................ 2.1-3
2.1.6 Measurement Accuracy ........................................................................................... 2.1-3
2.1.7 Accuracy of the Pickup and Reset of the Overcurrent Elements ............................ 2.1-4
2.1.8 Repeatability ............................................................................................................ 2.1-5
2.1.9 Accuracy of the Pickup and Reset of the Voltage Elements ................................... 2.1-5
2.1.10 Accuracy of the Pickup and Reset of the Frequency Elements .............................. 2.1-5
2.1.11 Accuracy of the Reclosing Cycle Times .................................................................. 2.1-5
2.1.12 Transient Overreach ................................................................................................ 2.1-6
2.1.13 Digital Inputs ............................................................................................................ 2.1-6
2.1.14 Breaker Trip and Close Outputs and Auxiliary Outputs ........................................... 2.1-7
2.1.15 Transducer Inputs .................................................................................................... 2.1-7
2.1.16 Communications Link............................................................................................... 2.1-8
 Chapter 2. Technical Specifications and Physical Description

2.1.1 Power Supply Voltage

IEDs have two types of auxiliary power supplies. Depending on the model, their values are
selectable:
48 - 250 Vdc/Vac (±20%)
24 Vdc (±20%) / 24 Vac (±10%)

Note: In case of power supply failure, a maximum interruption of 100 ms is allowed for 110 Vdc input.

2.1.2 Power Supply Burden

Quiescent 7W
Maximum <12 W

2.1.3 Current Analog Inputs

Phase, Ground and Polarization Currents

Nominal Value In = 5 A or 1 A
(selectable in the IED)
Thermal withstand capability 20 A (continuously)
250 A (for 3 s)
500 A (for 1 s)
Dynamic limit 1250 A
Current circuit burden <0.2 VA (In = 5 A or 1 A)

Ungrounded and Sensitive Ground Currents

Nominal Value In = 20 mA
Thermal withstand capability 5 A (continuously)
62.5 A (for 3 s)
125 A (for 1 s)
Dynamic limit 300 A
Current circuit burden <0.05 VA (In = 1 A or 20 mA)

2.1.4 Voltage Analog Inputs

Nominal Value Un = 50 to 230 Vca

(selectable in the IED)
Thermal withstand capability 300 Vac (continuously)
600 Vac (for 10s)
Voltage circuit burden 0.55 VA (110/120 Vac)

2.1-2
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 2.1 Technical Data

2.1.5 Frequency

Operating range 16 - 81 Hz

2.1.6 Measurement Accuracy

Measured currents ±0.15% or ±2 mA (the greater)

Phase and Ground for 0.1*Inom≤I<2*Inom
±0.2% for 2*Inom≤I≤5*Inom

Measured currents
Sensitive Ground and Isolated Ground ±0.1% or ±0.5 mA (the greater)
Sensitive Ground Current <1.5 A ±0.15% or ±1 mA
Sensitive Ground Current ≥1.5 A ±0.2%

Calculated currents
Phase-Phase ±0.2% or ±6 mA (the greater)
I1, I2 and I0 ±0.3% or ±8 mA (the greater)
for 0.1*Inom<I≤5*Inom

Measured voltages ±0.2% or ±50 mV (the greater)

PH-GR, PH-PH, GR and Synchronism for 0.2 V≤V<130 V
±0.25% for 130 V≤V≤250 V

Calculated voltages
Phase-Phase (0 to 300V) ±0.3% or ±75 mV (the greater)
VGround, V1, V2 and V0 ±0.3% or ±100 mV (the greater)
for 0.2 V≤V≤250 V

Active and reactive power (In = 5A e Iphase>1A)

Angles 0º or ±90º or 180º ±0.33% W/var
Angles ±45º or ±135º ±1.6% W/var
Angles ±75º / ±115º ±5% W / ±0.65 % var

Angles ±0.5º

Power factor ±0.013

Frequency ±0.005 Hz

2.1-3
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 Chapter 2. Technical Specifications and Physical Description

Note: Signal processing

Sampling function adjustment of analog input signals is made by means of zero pass count of one of the
measured signals, and works detecting the change in said signal period. The value of the calculated frequency
is used to modify the sampling frequency used by the metering device attaining a constant sampling frequency
of 32 samples per cycle. The frequency value is saved for later use in Protection and Control tasks.

Zero crossing is detected by the voltage channel VA or VAB. When VA phase voltage falls below 2 volts is not
possible to measure frequency. In case of loosing phase voltage the unit operates as follows:

• If the measured phase voltage is equal or larger than 2V for VB or VC, the last sampling frequency is
kept.
• If all phase voltages are below 2V, the rated frequency is used as the sampling frequency.

When Protection and Control tasks are readjusted in accordance with the sampling function, phasor real and
imaginary components of analog signals are calculated by means of the Fourier transform. Fourier components
are calculated by means of said Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) using 32 sample/cycle. Using DFT this way
the magnitude and phase angle of the fundamental component at power system frequency of every analog
input signal is obtained. The rest of measurements and calculations of Protection functions is obtained based
on the fundamental components calculated by the Fourier method. DFT gives a precise measurement of the
fundamental frequency component and it is an efficient filter for harmonics and noise.

Harmonics are not completely damped for frequencies other than the nominal frequency. This is not a problem
for small deviations of ±1Hz but, in order that a greater deviation from the working frequency can be allowed,
the above-mentioned automatic adjustment of the sampling frequency is included. On lack of an adequate
signal for sampling frequency adjustment, said frequency is adjusted to the corresponding nominal frequency
(50/60Hz).

Angles reference for all the measurements displayed on the device corresponds to the channel VA.

2.1.7 Accuracy of the Pickup and Reset of the Overcurrent Elements

Overcurrent Elements
Pickup of Phases and Ground ±3 % or ±10mA of the theoretical
value (the greater) (In = 1A and 5A)
Reset of Phases and Ground 1,5 cycles for 50 and 60Hz

Pickup of Sensitive Ground ±3 % or ±1mA of the theoretical

value (the greater)
Reset of Sensitive Ground 1.5 cycles for 50 and 60Hz

Measuring times
Fixed Time ±1 % of the setting or ±25 ms
(the greater)
Inverse Time Class 2 (E = 2) or ±35 ms
(the greater)
(UNE 21-136, IEC 255-4)
(for measured currents
of 100 mA or greater)

2.1-4
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 2.1 Technical Data

2.1.8 Repeatability

Operating time 2 % or 25 ms (the greater)

2.1.9 Accuracy of the Pickup and Reset of the Voltage Elements

Overvoltage and Undervoltage Elements

Pickup ±2 % or ±250 mV of the theoretical
value (the greater)
Reset 1.5 cycles for 50 and 60Hz

Measuring times
Fixed Time ±1 % of the setting or ±25 ms
(the greater)

2.1.10 Accuracy of the Pickup and Reset of the Frequency Elements

Overfrequency Elements
Pickup and reset ±0.01 Hz of the theoretical value

Underfrequency Elements
Pickup and reset ±0.01 Hz of the theoretical value

Measuring times
Fixed Time ±1% of the setting or ±25 ms
(the greater)

2.1.11 Accuracy of the Reclosing Cycle Times

Accuracy 1% or ±20ms (the greater)

2.1-5
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 Chapter 2. Technical Specifications and Physical Description

2.1.12 Transient Overreach

Expressed as: ST = I −I
A T
x100
I A
<10% for totally inductive lines
<5% for lines with an impedance angle of 70º

IA = Pick up value for a current with no dc component

IT = Pick up value for a current with maximum dc offset

2.1.13 Digital Inputs

Configurable inputs with polarity (all the digital inputs are DC)

Nominal Voltage Maximum Voltage Burden V on V off

48 Vdc 90 Vdc 500 mW 30 Vdc 25 Vdc
125 Vdc 300 Vdc 800 mW 70 Vdc 65 Vdc
250 Vdc 500 Vdc 1W 130 Vdc 96 Vdc

Undertaking coil circuit supervision limits the number of digital inputs available for other
applications. Use of digital inputs is as follows:

Trip Coil Circuit Supervision Used Inputs: DI1, DI2 and DI3
Coil Circuit 2 Supervision Used Inputs: DI9, DI10 and DI11
Coil Circuit 3 Supervision Used Inputs: DI9, DI12 and DI13

2.1-6
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 2.1 Technical Data

2.1.14 Breaker Trip and Close Outputs and Auxiliary Outputs

It has 2 contacts that are normally open for operations (TRIP and CLOSE), the first of which can
be configured to close internally, and 3 or 8 (according to model) auxiliary contacts that are
normally open, including EQUIP. ALARM. The characteristics of all of them, apart from the
OUT7 contact, are as follows:

I DC maximum limit (with resistive load) 60 A (1 s)

I DC continuous service (with resistive load) 16 A
Close 5000 W
Breaking capability (with resistive load) 240 W - max. 5 A - (48 Vdc)
110 W (80 Vdc - 250 Vdc)
2500 VA
Break (L/R = 0.04 s) 120 W at 125 Vdc
Switching voltage 250 Vdc
Momentary close time trip contacts remain closed 100 ms
Break delay <150 ms

OUT7 output has the following characteristics:

I DC maximum limit (with resistive load) 30 A (1 s)

I DC continuous service (with resistive load) 8A
Close 2500 W
Breaking capability (with resistive load) 150 W - (48 Vdc)
55 W (110 Vdc)
1250 VA
Break (L/R = 0.04 s) 60 W at 125 Vdc
Switching voltage 250 Vdc

2.1.15 Transducer Inputs

0-5mA and ±2,5mA transducer inputs

Input impedance 511 Ω
Measurement accuracy ±0.2 % or ±3 mA (the greater)

Voltage transducers (power supply monitoring for 125Vdc and 250 Vdc)
Measurement accuracy (between 70Vdc and 350Vdc) ±0.2 % or ±0.5 V (the greater)
Voltage transducers (power supply monitoring for 24Vdc and 48 Vdc)
Measurement accuracy (between 10Vdc and 70Vdc) ±0.2 % or ±0.2 V (the greater)

2.1-7
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 Chapter 2. Technical Specifications and Physical Description

2.1.16 Communications Link

Local Communications Port (RS232C)

Remote Communications Ports (GFO, PFO, RS232C, RS485)

Glass Fiber Optics

Type Multimode
Wavelength 820 nm
Connector ST
Transmitter Minimum Power:
50/125 Fiber - 20 dBm
62.5/125 Fiber - 17 dBm
100/140 Fiber - 7 dBm
Receiver Sensitivity - 25.4 dBm

Plastic Fiber Optics (1 mm)

Wavelength 660 nm
Transmitter Minimum Power - 16 dBm
Receiver Sensitivity - 39 dBm

RS232C Port Signals

Terminal unit DB-9 (9-pin) connectors Pin 5 - GND
Pin 2 - RXD
Pin 3 - TXD

RS485 Port Signals

Used signals Pin 4 - (A) TX+ / RX+
Pin 6 - (B) TX- / RX-

2.1-8
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 2.1 Technical Data

IRIG-B 123 and 003 B: 100pps

1: Amplitude modulated wave 0: By pulse width
2: 1kHz/1ms 0: Without carrier
3: BCD, SBS 3: BCD, SBS
Type BNC connector
Input impedance 211 Ω
Maximum input voltage 10 V

Synchronization Accuracy ± 1ms

When the device is receiving a IRIG-B signal for synchronization both Date and Time settings will not be
available through the HMI.

It is possible to configure one of the auxiliary outputs to check the IRIG-B signal status. This output will remain
active as long as the IRIG-B signal reception is correct.

All the devices are also designed to give an indication for both the loss and recovery of such IRIG-B signal by
generating the particular event.

2.1-9
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 2. Technical Specifications and Physical Description

2.1-10
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 2.2 Standards and
Type Tests

2.2.1 Insulation .................................................................................................................. 2.2-2

2.2.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility ................................................................................. 2.2-2
2.2.3 Environmental Test .................................................................................................. 2.2-3
2.2.4 Power Supply ........................................................................................................... 2.2-4
2.2.5 Mechanical Test ....................................................................................................... 2.2-4
 Chapter 2. Technical Specifications and Physical Description

The equipment satisfies the standards indicated below. When not specified, the standard is
IEC-60255.

2.2.1 Insulation

Insulation Test (Dielectric Strength) IEC-60255-5

Between all circuit terminals and ground 2 kV, 50/60 Hz, for 1 min;
or
2.5 kV, 50/60 Hz, for 1s

Between all circuit terminals 2 kV, 50/60 Hz, for 1min;

or
2.5 kV, 50/60 Hz, for 1s

Measurement of Insulation Resistance IEC-60255-5

Common mode R ≥ 100 MΩ or 5μA
Differential mode R ≥ 100 kΩ or 5mA

Voltage Impulse Test IEC-60255-5

Common mode (analog inputs, DIs, AOs and PS) 5 kV; 1.2/50 μs; 0.5 J
Differential mode (AOs) 1 kV; 1.2/50 μs
Differential mode (Power Supply) 3 kV; 1.2/50 μs

2.2.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility

1 MHz Burst Test IEC-60255-22-1 Class III

Common mode 2.5kV
Differential mode 2.5kV

Oscillatory Waves Immunity Test IEC-61000-4-12 100 kHz and 1MHz Class III
Common mode 2.5kV
Differential mode 2.5kV

Fast Transient Disturbance Test IEC-60255-22-4 Class IV

(IEC 61000-4-4)
4 kV ±10 %

Radiated Electromagnetic Field Disturbance IEC 61000-4-3 Class III

Amplitude modulated 10 V/m
Pulse modulated 10 V/m

Conducted Electromagnetic Field Disturbance IEC 61000-4-6 Class III

Amplitude modulated 10 V

Electrostatic Discharge IEC 60255-22-2 Class IV

(IEC 61000-4-2)
On contacts ±8 kV ±10 %
In air ±15 kV ±10 %

2.2-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 2.2 Standards and Type Tests

Surge Immunity Test IEC-61000-4-5

(1.2/50μs - 8/20μs)
Between conductors 4 kV
Between conductors and ground 4 kV

Radiated Electromagnetic Field Disturbance IEC61000-4-8

at Industrial Frequency (50/60 Hz)

Radio Frequency Emissivity EN55022 (Radiated)

EN55011 (Conducted)

2.2.3 Environmental Test

Temperature IEC 60068-2

Cold work IEC 60068-2-1
-5º C, 2 hours

Cold work limit conditions IEC 60068-2-1

-10º C, 2 hours

Dry heat IEC 60068-2-2

+45º C, 2 hours

Dry heat limit conditions IEC 60068-2-2

+55º C, 2 hours

Humid heat IEC 60068-2-78

+40º C, 93% relative humidity, 4 days

Quick temperature changes IEC 60068-2-14 / IEC 61131-2

IED open,
-25º C for 3h and
+70º C for 3h (5 cycles)

Changes in humidity IEC 60068-2-30 / IEC 61131-2

+55º C for 12h and
+25º C for 12h (6 cycles)

Endurance test +55º C for 1000 hours

Operating range From -40º C to + 85º C

Storage range From -40º C to + 85º C

Humidity 95 % (non-condensing)

2.2-3
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 Chapter 2. Technical Specifications and Physical Description

Climate Test (55º, 99% humidity, 72 hours)

Time / Current Characteristic ANSI C37.60 Class II

2.2.4 Power Supply

Power Supply Interference and Ripple IEC 60255-11

< 20 % and 100 ms

Inverse Polarity of the Power Supply IEC 61131-2

Resistance of Ground Connection IEC 61131-2

< 0.1 Ω
Gradual Stop / Start Test IEC 61131-2 (Test A)

Surge Capacity IEC 60044-1

2.2.5 Mechanical Test

Vibration (sinusoidal) IEC-60255-21-1

a) Answer: (equipment on). Class II
b) Endurance: (equipment off). Class I

Mechanical Shock and Bump Test IEC-60255-21-2 Class I

The models comply with the EEC 89/336 standard of electromagnetic compatibility.

2.2-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 2.3 Physical
Architecture

2.3.1 General .................................................................................................................... 2.3-2

2.3.2 Dimensions .............................................................................................................. 2.3-4
2.3.3 Connection Elements ............................................................................................... 2.3-4
2.3.3.a Terminal Blocks .................................................................................................. 2.3-4
2.3.3.b Removing Printed Circuit Boards (Non Self-shorting) ........................................ 2.3-4
2.3.3.c Internal Wiring ..................................................................................................... 2.3-4
 Chapter 2. Technical Specifications and Physical Description

2.3.1 General
The equipments are made up of the following modules:

• Processor module and HMI.

• Analog inputs module.
• Power Supply.
• Digital inputs, outputs and transducers inputs module.
• Communications module.

The modules are mounted vertically and can be extracted by removing the front panel. Do not
require the dismantling of the front of the unit. External connection is carried out by means of
plug-in terminal blocks (supported on the bearing strip located at the back of each module) for
ring lug connectors for analogical inputs, and pointed hubs for digital inputs and outputs and for
transducer inputs.

Depending on the terminal configuration, all the contact inputs / outputs may be used or some
may remain as spare signals.

Figures 2.3.1, 2.3.2 and 2.3.3 represent the external appearance of the 2IRX models.

Mounted on the front are the alphanumeric keypad and display, the local communication ports
(RS232C and USB), the local control buttons and the LED targets.

Figure 2.3.1: Front of a 2IRX.

2.3-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 2.3 Physical Architecture

Figure 2.3.2: Rear of a 2IRX-A.

Figure 2.3.3: Rear of a 2IRX-B.

2.3-3
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 Chapter 2. Technical Specifications and Physical Description

2.3.2 Dimensions
The equipment is intended to be installed either semi-flush mounted on panels or inside a 19”
rack. The enclosure is graphite gray. The dimensions are 1/2 19" rack and 4 standard units
high.

2.3.3 Connection Elements

2.3.3.a Terminal Blocks
The number of connectors for the relays depend on the number of analogical inputs and the
digital inputs / outputs of the specific model.

Terminal blocks are vertical as shown in the figures 2.3.2 and 2.3.3. The terminal arrangement
for the 2IRX-A model is as follows:

- 1 column for all the communication and synchronization connectors.

- 1 column with 1 terminal block of 10 terminals for analog currents plus all the
communication and synchronization connectors.
- 1 column with 1 terminal block of 24 terminals for digital inputs, auxiliary outputs, trip
and close contacts and power supply input.

As an option is possible to expand the number of digital inputs and outputs and one transducer
input by adding one more column with 1 terminal block of 24 terminals.

The self-shorting ring lug terminals corresponding

to the current analog inputs take wires up to #10
AWG (6 mm2). We recommend ring lug terminals
for these connections.

The connectors are plug-in and not self-shorting.

They can be assigned to the current circuits
supporting a current of 20 A continuously.

The terminals of the 24 terminals block admit a #13 AWG (2.5 mm2) cable. Use of pointed hubs
is recommended to connect to terminals.

2.3.3.b Removing Printed Circuit Boards (Non Self-shorting)

The IED's printed circuit board can be taken out. WARNING: the current
connector is non self-shorting. Consequently, the CT secondaries must be
short-circuited externally before board removal.

The printed circuit board is attached to the case with self-tapping screws. These screws must
be removed before the board is withdrawn. This operation always requires the protection to be
not in service.

2.3.3.c Internal Wiring

The equipment uses traditional printed circuit board connections and internal buses to minimize
internal wiring.

2.3-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3

Functions and
Description of
Operation
Contents

3.1 Overcurrent Elements

3.2 Directional Elements
3.3 Protection Schemes for Overcurrent Elements
3.4 Voltage Elements
3.5 Fault Detector
3.6 Frequency Elements
3.7 Breaker Failure Unit
3.8 Open Phase Unit
3.9 Residual Current Element
3.10 Synchronism Unit
3.11 Out of Step Element
3.12 Thermal Image Un
3.13 Directional Power Elements
3.14 Undercurrent Element
3.15 Restricted Earth Faults Element
3.16 Cold Load Element
3.17 Current Measurement Supervision
3.18 Fuse Failure Detector
3.19 Recloser
3.20 Logic
3.21 Configuration Settings
3.22 General Settings
3.23 Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision
3.24 Breaker Monitoring
3.25 Power Supply Voltage Monitoring
3.26 Change Settings Groups
3.27 Event Record
3.28 Fault Reports
3.29 Metering History Log
3.30 Oscillographic Recording
3.31 Inputs, Outputs & LED Targets
3.32 Programmable Logic
3.33 Communications
3.34 Integrated Simulator
3.35 Alarm Codes
3.36 Fault Locator
 3.1 Overcurrent
Elements

3.1.1 Phase, Ground and Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Elements ............................. 3.1-2
3.1.2 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Element ........................................................... 3.1-2
3.1.3 Phase, Ground and Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent Elements........................ 3.1-2
3.1.3.a Current / Time Characteristic: Trip Inverse Curves ............................................ 3.1-6
3.1.4 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent Element .................................................... 3.1-20
3.1.5 Overcurrent Element Block Diagrams ................................................................... 3.1-20
3.1.6 Voltage Dependent Time-Overcurrent Element .................................................... 3.1-22
3.1.6.a Voltage Restraint Time Element ....................................................................... 3.1-22
3.1.6.b Voltage Controlled Time Element ..................................................................... 3.1-23
3.1.6.c Setting and Tripping Criteria ............................................................................. 3.1-23
3.1.7 Torque Control (Pickup Blocking Enable) .............................................................. 3.1-24
3.1.8 Trip Blocking and Time Delay Disable ................................................................... 3.1-24
3.1.9 Overcurrent Elements Settings .............................................................................. 3.1-25
3.1.10 Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Modules ............................................................. 3.1-30
3.1.11 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules .................................... 3.1-33
3.1.12 Overcurrent Elements Tests .................................................................................. 3.1-40
3.1.12.b Voltage Restraint Time Element Test ............................................................... 3.1-41
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Overcurrent protection elements

Three phase instantaneous overcurrent elements (50PH1, 50PH2 and 50PH3)
Three (according to model) ground instantaneous overcurrent elements (50N1, 50N2 and
50N3)
Three negative sequence instantaneous overcurrent elements (50NS1, 50NS2 and 50NS3)
One sensitive ground instantaneous overcurrent element (50SG)
Three phase time overcurrent elements (51PH1, 51PH2 and 51PH3)
Three ground time overcurrent elements (51G1, 51G2 and 51G3)
Three negative sequence time overcurrent elements (51NS1, 51NS2 and 51NS3)
One sensitive ground time-overcurrent element (51SG)
One voltage dependent phase time overcurrent element (51V)
One ungrounded directional overcurrent element (67Na)

3.1.1 Phase, Ground and Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Elements

Phase, ground and sensitive ground instantaneous elements operate as a function of input
current RMS value. Elements activate when RMS values exceed 1.05 times the pickup setting,
and reset at 1 time the pickup setting.

Elements are provided with adjustable timers that allow for optional timing of instantaneous
elements.

3.1.2 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Element

Negative sequence instantaneous element algorithm is the same as for phase, ground and
sensitive ground.

The algorithm uses the criteria of negative sequence current RMS value calculated from phase
current values.

3.1.3 Phase, Ground and Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent

Elements
In phase, ground and sensitive ground time overcurrent elements, the time overcurrent element
operates on the input current RMS value. Element picks up when the measured value exceeds
1.05 times the setting value.

Element pickup enables the time delay function, which will make an integration of the measured
values. This is carried out applying input current-dependant increments over a meter, the end of
count of which governs the operation of the time overcurrent element.

These time elements, when inverse curve trip characteristics are used, count on two reset
systems, as follows: “instantaneous” and “disc emulation”. The option “instantaneous” is
adequate in applications that require coordination with static relays, while the option “disc
emulation” can be used when the relay has to coordinate with electromechanical protections,
mainly when they are facing the source that feeds the system.

Once the "instantaneous” reset system has been selected, the pickup reset takes place when
the measured value drops to 1 time the setting value.

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

When the measured RMS value drops below the pickup setting, a quick integrator reset takes
place. Output activation requires that the element remains picked up throughout the integration
time; any reset will take the integrator to its initial conditions, such that a new operation will start
counting from zero.

If “disc emulation” reset system is selected, the relay uses a reset process which is based on
timer decrements, which starts up when the current drops below 100% of element pickup
setting value, using the reset curve adequate to the trip characteristic employed.

Trip Time characteristics can be selected among the various types of curves according to IEC,
IEEE (Standard IEEE C37.112-1996) and US standards:

IEC CURVES
Inverse curve Inverse curve + time limit
Very inverse curve Very inverse curve + time limit
Extremely inverse curve Extremely inverse curve + time limit
Long time inverse curve Long time inverse curve + time limit
Short time inverse curve Short time inverse curve + time limit

IEEE CURVES
Moderately inverse curve Moderately inverse curve + time limit
Very inverse curve Very inverse curve + time limit
Extremely inverse curve Extremely inverse curve + time limit

US CURVES
Moderately inverse curve Moderately inverse curve + time limit
Inverse curve Inverse curve + time limit
Very inverse curve Very inverse curve + time limit
Extremely inverse curve Extremely inverse curve + time limit
Short time inverse curve Short time inverse curve + time limit

The RI Inverse Curve may be added to the above curves, mainly used with electromechanical
relays.

Time multiplier setting is the same as for IEC, IEEE, US and RI Inverse curves: range is 0.05 to
10 times.

Nevertheless, effective range for IEC curves is 0.05 to 1; for settings above 1, the maximum
value of 1 is used. Effective range for the other curves (IEEE, US and RI) starts from 0.1 times;
settings below this value operate as if they were set to the minimum value (0.1 times).
Furthermore, although setting vary in steps of 0.01, the effective step for these three types of
curve is 0.1; any setting other than a multiple of 0.1 will be rounded to the nearest tenth,
namely, a setting of 2.37 will be applied as if it were 2.40 and a setting of 2.33 will be applied as
if it were 2.30 (the setting 2.35 will be applied as if it were 2.40).

A User-Defined time characteristic may be added to the above characteristics, downloading it

into the relay through the communications system. For inverse-time characteristics, delay time
settings are composed of two values: Curve Type and Time Multiplier (Dial) within the family.

3.1-3
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Curve types with Time Limit are

regular time delayed functions with a
time threshold, so that no trip takes
place before the specified time. This
results in that beyond a specified time
the tripping curve turns into a
horizontal straight line. This operate
time limit coincides with the time
setting used in the Definite Time
option.

Figure 3.1.1: Diagram of a Curve with a Time Limit for a

Time Overcurrent Element.

Definite Time setting range might be

excessive compared with curve times.
If this should be the case, if curve time
(for the dial setting and a current 1.5
times greater than the setting) is less
than the Definite Time setting, a time
delay corresponding to 1.5 times the
current is used as a limit line for
element operation.

Figure 3.1.2: Time Limit of the Element when the Fixed

Time is Greater than the Curve Time (in pickup x 1.5).

For any IEC, IEEE and US trip curve there is a characteristic that emulates the reset time of the
electromechanical relays. The following is an equation that describes the duration of the reset
time:

⎡ ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
tr
t RESET = index × ⎢⎢ ⎥
2⎥
⎢ ⎛⎜ l
⎞ ⎥
⎟ ⎥
⎢1 − ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
I
⎢⎣ ⎝ pick −up ⎠ ⎦

where tr is the characteristic constant which varies depending on the trip curve selected.

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

The values for tr are those indicated in the following table:

Trip Characteristic Reset Characteristic (tr)

IEC CURVES
Inverse curve 9.7
Very inverse curve 43.2
Extremely inverse curve 58.2
Long time inverse curve 80
Short time inverse curve 0.5
IEEE CURVES
Moderately inverse curve 4.85
Very inverse curve 21.6
Extremely inverse curve 29.1
US CURVES
Moderately inverse curve 1.08
Inverse curve 5.95
Very inverse curve 3.88
Extremely inverse curve 5.67
Short time inverse curve 0.323

The pickup reset, when inverse RI curve is selected, always takes place instantaneously, no
matter the Reset Type setting.

Note: it is worth highlighting that although curves are defined for an input value of up to 20 times the tap, which
is the pickup setting of each of the time overcurrent elements, said range cannot always be guaranteed.

Bear in mind that current channel saturation limits are 160 A for phases and ground and 3.3 A for sensitive
ground. Based on these limits, the “times the tap” for which curves are effective is a function of the setting:

Saturation Limit
If > 20 , curve operation is guaranteed for elements with said setting over the entire tap
Element Setting
range (up to 20 times the setting).

Saturation Limit
If < 20 , curve operation is guaranteed for elements with said setting up to a number of
Element setting
times the tap equal to the result of dividing the saturation limit by the applicable setting. Namely, for a
3.3
Sensitive Ground element set to 2A, curves will be effective up to = 1.55 times the setting.
2
If the current at said Sensitive Ground exceeds 3.3A, the relay measures said 3.3A and trip time corresponds to
1.55 times the tap. When a current above 20 times the setting is injected, trip time will be the same as for said
20 times.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.1.3.a Current / Time Characteristic: Trip Inverse Curves

Figures 3.1.3, 3.1.4, 3.1.5, 3.1.6 and 3.1.7 present the Trip Inverse Curves according to the IEC
standards.

Figure 3.1.3: INVERSE Time Curve (IEC).

0 ,14
t=
0 ,02
IS −1

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Figure 3.1.4: VERY INVERSE Time Curve (IEC).

13,5
t=
IS − 1

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Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Figure 3.1.5: EXTREMELY INVERSE Time Curve (IEC).

80
t = 2
IS −1

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Figure 3.1.6: LONG TIME-INVERSE Curve (IEC).

120
t=
IS − 1

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Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Figure 3.1.7: SHORT TIME-INVERSE Curve (IEC).

0 ,05
t=
0 ,04
IS −1

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Figures 3.1.8, 3.1.9, 3.1.10, 3.1.11, 3.1.12, 3.1.13, 3.1.14 and 3.1.15 present the inverse curves
according to the IEEE and US standards.

Figure 3.1.8: MODERATELY INVERSE Time Curve (IEEE).

0 ,0515
t = 0 ,114 +
0 ,02
IS −1

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Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Figure 3.1.9: VERY INVERSE Time Curve (IEEE).

19 ,61
t = 0 ,491 +
2
IS − 1

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Figure 3.1.10: EXTREMELY INVERSE Time Curve (IEEE).

28 ,2
t = 0 ,1217 +
2
IS − 1

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Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Figure 3.1.11: MODERATELY INVERSE Time Curve (U.S.).

0 ,0104
t = 0 ,0226 +
0 ,02
IS −1

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Figure 3.1.12: INVERSE Time Curve (U.S.).

5 ,95
t = 0 ,180 +
2
IS − 1

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Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Figure 3.1.13: VERY INVERSE Time Curve (U.S.).

3,88
t = 0 ,0963 +
2
IS −1

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Figure 3.1.14: EXTREMELY INVERSE Time Curve (U.S.).

5 ,67
t = 0 ,0352 +
2
IS − 1

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Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Figure 3.1.15: SHORT INVERSE Time Curve (U.S.).

0 ,00342
t = 0 ,00262 +
0 ,02
IS −1

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

And figure 3.1.16 presents the RI inverse curve.

Figure 3.1.16: RI INVERSE Time Curve.

1
t=
⎛ 1 ⎞
0 ,339 − 0 ,236 ⋅ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
I
⎝ S⎠

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.1.4 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent Element

Same as for instantaneous elements, the negative sequence time-overcurrent algorithm is the
same as for phase, ground and sensitive ground.

Time delay functions and time characteristics are the same as stated in paragraph 3.1.3.

3.1.5 Overcurrent Element Block Diagrams

Figure 3.1.17: Block Diagram of a Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent Element.

Figure 3.1.18: Block Diagram of a Ground and Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Element.

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Figure 3.1.19: Block Diagram of a Phase Time Overcurrent Element.

Figure 3.1.20: Block Diagram of a Ground and Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent Element.

Direction (DIR) and Reverse Direction (RD) signals included in the above diagrams come
from the directional elements. For more information see 3.2.

Block diagrams, both for Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent element and Negative
Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent element are similar to Ground and Sensitive Ground
elements. They differ in that the digital signals are specific to these elements.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.1.6 Voltage Dependent Time-Overcurrent Element

This element operates as a back up for generator differential element. It also operates for
downstream faults not cleared by other failed relay or breaker, as a generator is a power source
for any line fault until cleared.

Voltage dependent elements guarantee that no operation takes place on overcurrent conditions,
providing the high sensitivity required by the limited capacity of the generator to supply
sustained short-circuit current. Generator-fed fault current decays with time, decay rate varying
as a function of generator voltage control system operation; at worse, the fault current will drop
below maximum load current, so that single overcurrent protection will not be activated.

Coordination with downstream overcurrent relays is vital, allowing for quick operation but
avoiding trips on load.

The operation is based on a minimum voltage element that detects the fault and an overcurrent
element that conveniently resets according to the voltage level. Two-mode operation is
possible: Voltage Restraint or Voltage Controlled.

3.1.6.a Voltage Restraint Time Element

It consists of a definite time element with a variable pickup setting as a function of measured
voltage values, getting more sensitive with decaying voltage. There is one element per phase
each current value being a function of the phase-to-phase voltages as shown below.

Table 3.1-1: Voltage Restraint Time Element

Phase Current Control Voltage (Phase Control Voltage (Phase
Sequence ABC) Sequence ACB)
IA UAB UAC
IB UBC UBA
IC UCA UCB

This variable characteristic makes coordination with downstream devices more difficult. In any
case, this mode is deemed the most appropriate mode when the generator is coupled with the
line through a booster transformer; if a phase to phase fault occurs at busbar connection, only a
partial phase to phase voltage drop would occur at generator terminals.

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Pickup setting multiplier

is a function of the
measured voltage as
shown in figure 3.1.21
and in following table.

Figure 3.1.21: Voltage Restrained Time Overcurrent Element.

Voltage ratio is allowed to % Nominal Voltage Pickup Current % Pickup

go down to 90% keeping Setting
the same pickup setting. 100 100
This is so because 90 100
measurement errors may 75 75
turn up caused by 50 50
transformer inaccuracy,
25 25
etc. If voltage ratio goes
down below 25% the 0 25
setting remains fixed at
25%.

3.1.6.b Voltage Controlled Time Element

Pickup takes place only when voltage goes down below the voltage setting; so that one fixed
pickup current setting and operate voltage setting are available. There is one element per phase
each current depending on phase-to-phase voltage the same as for Voltage Restraint mode.

Coordination with downstream protections is easier for this mode. Furthermore, it is the most
appropriate mode when the generator is directly connected to the busbar.

3.1.6.c Setting and Tripping Criteria

Pickup current for these elements is typically defined as 125% of full load at normal voltage.

Trip time selection must take into account the coordination with downstream devices, as booster
transformers.

The percentage of the nominal voltage is figured out based on Nominal Voltage (Vn) setting
incorporated in IRX relay. As this element works using phase-to-phase voltages, full nominal
voltage is deemed to have been reached when control voltage measured value is Vn.

Current elements pickup at 105 % of setting value and reset at 100%.

In Voltage Controlled mode, the operate voltage enables pickup at 100% of setting and resets
at 105%.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.1.7 Torque Control (Pickup Blocking Enable)

Torque Control setting, or Pickup Blocking Enable, is associated to Directional Element,
enabling or disabling the directional control (see paragraph 3.2).

Directional or non-directional control of the different phase, ground, sensitive ground and
negative sequence instantaneous or time overcurrent elements can be selected through this
setting, which is incorporated into the element protection group. Possible setting values are:

1. Directional control disabled

2. Forward Direction monitoring enabled
3. Reverse direction monitoring enabled

Elements with Torque Control setting or Pickup Blocking Enable set to NO turns into non-
directional.

On the other hand, models IRX are provided with Torque Control Type in Ground Overcurrent
elements. This allows selecting the supervising directional element. Possible values for each
type of overcurrent elements are as follows:

• Phase Overcurrent (instantaneous and time overcurrent). They are not provided with this
setting as they are only monitored by the Phase Directional element (67PH).

• Ground And Sensitive Ground Overcurrent (instantaneous and time overcurrent).

67G (ground directional element)
67NS (negative sequence directional element). Option 67NS may be interesting
compared with option 67G when very low V0 levels are expected, lower than the
minimum threshold to polarize the ground directional element. This condition may be
present in systems with very high zero sequence sources (low local source zero
sequence impedance).

• Negative Sequence Overcurrent (instantaneous and time-overcurrent). They are not

provided with this setting as they are only monitored by Negative Sequence Directional
element (67NS).

3.1.8 Trip Blocking and Time Delay Disable

Trip Blocking inputs can be programmed into time and instantaneous overcurrent elements,
which disable element trip if input is activated before trip is generated. If input is activated after
tripping, trip is reset. Trip blocking inputs must be programmed before this blocking logic can be
used.

Another programmable input exists that can turn a given time overcurrent element into
instantaneous. Said input is called Timer Disable and is available for all time-delayed elements.

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

3.1.9 Overcurrent Elements Settings

Phase Time Overcurrent (Elements 1, 2 and 3)

Setting Range Step By Default
Phase TOC Enable YES / NO NO
Phase TOC Pickup (0.02 - 25) In 0.01 A 2.00 A
Phase TOC Curve See list of curves Definite Time
Phase TOC Dial 0.05 - 10 0.01 1
Effective range for the IEC curves 0.05 - 1 0.01 1
Effective range for the IEEE/US/RI curves 0.1 - 10 0.01 1
Phase TOC Definite Time 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 0.05 s
Phase TOC Direction 0: None 0: None
1: Direction
2: Reverse
Reset Type 0: Instantaneous 0: Instantaneous
1: Disc Emulation

Ground Time Overcurrent (Elements 1, 2 and 3)

Setting Range Step By Default
Ground TOC Enable YES / NO NO
Ground TOC Pickup (0.02 - 25) In 0.01 A 1.00 A
Ground TOC Curve See list of curves Definite Time
Ground TOC Dial 0.05 - 10 0.01 1
Effective range for the IEC curves 0.05 - 1 0.01 1
Effective range for the IEEE/US/RI curves 0.1 - 10 0.01 1
Ground TOC Definite Time 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 0.05 s
Ground TOC Direction 0: None 0: None
1: Direction
2: Reverse
Torque Control Type 0: Ground Directional Element 0: Ground Dir.
1: Negative Sequence Dir. Element Element
Reset Type 0: Instantaneous 0: Instantaneous
1: Disc Emulation

Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent

Setting Range Step By Default
SG TOC Enable YES / NO NO
SG TOC Pickup 0.005 - 2.0 A 0.001A 0.1 A
SG TOC Curve See list of curves Definite Time
SG TOC Dial 0.05 - 10 0.01 1
Effective range for the IEC curves 0.05 - 1 0,01 1
Effective range for the IEEE/US/RI curves 0.1 - 10 0.01 1
SG TOC Definite Time 0,05 - 1800 s 0.01 s 0.05 s
SG TOC Direction 0: None 0: None
1: Direction
2: Reverse
Torque Control Type 0: Ground Directional Element 0: Ground Dir.
1: Negative Sequence Dir. Element Element
Reset Type 0: Instantaneous 0: Instantaneous
1: Disc Emulation

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Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent (Elements 1, 2 and 3)

Setting Range Step By Default
N.S. TOC Enable YES / NO NO
N.S. TOC Pickup (0.1- 5.0) In 0.1A 2A
N.S. TOC Curve See list of curves Definite Time
N.S. TOC Dial 0.05 - 10 0.01 1
Effective range for the IEC curves 0.05 - 1 0.01 1
Effective range for the IEEE/US/RI curves 0.1 - 10 0.01 1
N.S. TOC Definite Time 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 0.05 s
N.S TOC Direction 0: None 0: None
1: Direction
2: Reverse
Reset Type 0: Instantaneous 0: Instantaneous
1: Disc Emulation

Voltage Dependent Time Overcurrent Element

Setting Range Step By Default
V Dependent Enable YES / NO NO
V Dependent Mode 0: V Restraint 0: V Restraint
1: V Controlled
V Dependent Pickup (0.2- 20) In 0.1A 5.00 A
Operating Voltage (V Controlled Mode) (10- 100) % de Un 1% 50 %
V Dependent Time 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 1s

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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent (Elements 1, 2 and 3)

Setting Range Step By Default
Phase IOC Enable YES / NO NO
Phase IOC Pickup (0.01 - 30) In 0.01 A 5.00 A
Phase IOC Delay 0 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s
Phase IOC Direction 0: None 0: None
1: Direction
2: Reverse

Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent (Elements 1, 2 and 3)

Setting Range Step By Default
Gnd IOC Enable YES / NO NO
Gnd IOC Pickup (0.01 - 30) In 0.01 A 5.00 A
Gnd IOC Delay 0 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s
Gnd IOC Direction (*) 0: None 0: None
1: Direction
2: Reverse
Torque Control Type 0: Ground Directional Element 0: Ground
1: Negative Sequence Dir. Element Dir. Element

Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent

Setting Range Step By Default
SG IOC Enable YES / NO NO
SG IOC Pickup 0.005 - 3.00 A 0.001 A 0.1 A
SG IOC Delay 0 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s
SG IOC Direction 0: None 0: None
1: Direction
2: Reverse
Torque Control Type 0: Ground Directional Element 0: Ground
1: Negative Sequence Dir. Element Dir. Element

Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent (Elements 1 and 2)

Setting Range Step By Default
N.S. IOC Enable YES / NO NO
N.S. IOC Pickup (0.05 – 30.00) In 0.001 A 10.00 A
N.S. IOC Delay 0 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s
Gnd IOC Direction (*) 0: None 0: None
1: Direction
2: Reverse

(*) For models with Protection Schemes, when DIRECTIONAL COMPARISON BLOCKING is selected, Ground
and Negative Sequence instantaneous elements 2 used will present REVERSE DIRECTION torque control, even
if the setting shows otherwise.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

• Time Overcurrent Units: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - VOLTAGE
2 - Activate Group 2 - RECLOSER 2 - FREQUENCY
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 3 - BREAKER FAILURE
4 - INFORMATION ... 4 - RESID. CURRENT DET.
...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - DIRECTIONAL 0 - PHASE TOC

1 - VOLTAGE 1 - TIME OVERCURRENT 1 - NEGSEQ TOC
2 - FREQUENCY 2 - INSTANTANEOUS 2 - GROUND TOC
3 - BREAKER FAILURE 3 - [Link] TIME
4 - RESID. CURRENT DET. 4 - V DEPENDENT TIME
...

0 - PHASE TOC 0 - UNIT 1 0 - PHASE TOC ENABLE

1 - NEGSEQ TOC 1 - UNIT 2 1 - PHASE TOC PICKUP
2 - GROUND TOC 2 - UNIT 3 2 - PHASE TOC CURVE
3 - [Link] TIME 3 - PHASE TOC DIAL
4 - V DEPENDENT TIME 4 - PHASE TOC DELAY
5 - RESET TYPE
6 - PH TOC DIRECTION

0 - PHASE TOC 0 - UNIT 1 0 - N.S. TOC ENABLE

1 - NEGSEQ TOC 1 - UNIT 2 1 - N.S. TOC PICKUP
2 - GROUND TOC 2 - UNIT 3 2 - N.S. TOC CURVE
3 - [Link] TIME 3 - N.S. TOC DIAL
4 - V DEPENDENT TIME 4 - N.S. TOC DELAY
5 - RESET TYPE

0 - PHASE TOC 0 - UNIT 1 0 - GROUND TOC ENABLE

1 - NEGSEQ TOC 1 - UNIT 2 1 - GROUND TOC PICKUP
2 - GROUND TOC 2 - UNIT 3 2 - GROUND TOC CURVE
3 - [Link] TIME 3 - GROUND TOC DIAL
4 - V DEPENDENT TIME 4 - GROUND TOC DELAY
5 - RESET TYPE
6 - GND TOC DIRECTION

0 - PHASE TOC 0 - [Link] ENABLE

1 - NEGSEQ TOC 1 - S.G. TIME PICKUP
2 - GROUND TOC 2 - S.G. CURVE
3 - [Link] TIME 3 - [Link] DIAL
4 - V DEPENDENT TIME 4 - S.G. FIXED TIME
5 - RESET TYPE
5 - S.G. TOC DIRECTION

3.1-28
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 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

0 - PHASE TOC 0 - V DEPENDENT ENABLE

1 - NEGSEQ TOC 1 - V DEPENDENT MODE
2 - GROUND TOC 2 - V DEPENDENT PICKUP
3 - [Link] TIME 3 - OPERATING VOLTAGE
4 - V DEPENDENT TIME 4 - V DEPENDENT TIME

• Instantaneous Overcurrent Units: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - VOLTAGE
2 - Activate Group 2 - RECLOSER 2 - FREQUENCY
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 3 - BREAKER FAILURE
4 - INFORMATION ... 4 - RESID. CURRENT DET.
...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - DIRECTIONAL 0 - PHASE IOC

1 - VOLTAGE 1 - TIME OVERCURRENT 1 - NEGSEQ IOC
2 - FREQUENCY 2 - INSTANTANEOUS 2 - GROUND IOC
3 - BREAKER FAILURE 3 - [Link] INSTANT.
4 - RESID. CURRENT DET.
...

0 - PHASE IOC 0 - UNIT 1 0 - PHASE IOC ENABLE

1 - NEGSEQ IOC 1 - UNIT 2 1 - PHASE IOC PICKUP
2 - GROUND IOC 2 - UNIT 3 2 - PHASE IOC DELAY
3 - [Link] INSTANT. 3 - PHASEIOC DIRECTION

0 - PHASE IOC 0 - UNIT 1 0 - N.S. IOC ENABLE

1 - NEGSEQ IOC 1 - UNIT 2 1 - N.S. IOC PICKUP
2 - GROUND IOC 2 - UNIT 3 2 - N.S. IOC DELAY
3 - [Link] INSTANT. 3 - N.S. IOC DIRECTION

0 - PHASE IOC 0 - UNIT 1 0 - GND IOC ENABLE

1 - NEGSEQ IOC 1 - UNIT 2 1 - GND IOC PICKUP
2 - GROUND IOC 2 - UNIT 3 2 - GND IOC DELAY
3 - [Link] INSTANT. 3 - GND IOC DIRECTION
4 - GND IOC DIREC UNIT

0 - INSTA. FASES 0 - S.G. IOC ENABLE

1 - INSTA. SEC. INV. 1 - S.G. IOC PICKUP
2 - GROUND IOC 2 - S.G. IOC DELAY
3 - [Link] INSTANT. 3 - S.G. IOC DIRECTION

3.1-29
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.1.10 Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Modules

Table 3.1-2: Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Modules

Name Description Function
INBLK_IOC_PH1 Phase instantaneous element 1 block trip input
INBLK_IOC_N1 Ground instantaneous element 1 block trip input
INBLK_IOC_NS1 Negative sequence instantaneous element 1
block trip input
INBLK_IOC_PH2 Phase instantaneous element 2 block trip input
INBLK_IOC_N2 Ground instantaneous element 2 block trip input
INBLK_IOC_NS2 Negative sequence instantaneous element 2
block trip input
INBLK_IOC_N3 Ground instantaneous element 3 block trip input
INBLK_IOC_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous overcurrent
element block trip input
INBLK_TOC_PH1 Phase time element 1 block trip input Activation of the input before
the trip is generated prevents
INBLK_TOC_N1 Ground time element 1 block trip input
the element from operating. If
INBLK_TOC_NS1 Negative sequence time element 1 block trip activated after the trip, it resets.
input
INBLK_TOC_PH2 Phase time element 2 block trip input
INBLK_TOC_N2 Ground time element 2 block trip input
INBLK_TOC_NS2 Negative sequence time element 2 block trip
input
INBLK_TOC_PH3 Phase time element 3 block trip input
INBLK_TOC_N3 Ground time element 3 block trip input
INBLK_TOC_NS3 Negative sequence time element 3 block trip
input
INBLK_TOC_SG Sensitive ground time element block trip input
INBLK_VTOC Voltage dependent time element block trip input
IN_RST_IOC_PH1 Phase instantaneous element 1 torque
annulment input
IN_RST_IOC_PH2 Phase instantaneous element 2 torque
annulment input
IN_RST_IOC_N1 Ground instantaneous element 1 torque It resets the element's timing
annulment input functions and keeps them at 0
IN_RST_IOC_N2 Ground instantaneous element 2 torque as long as it is active. With the
annulment input element configured in
directional mode, if the
IN_RST_IOC_NS1 Negative sequence instantaneous element 1 corresponding monitoring
torque annulment input setting and the input are active,
IN_RST_IOC_NS2 Negative sequence instantaneous element 2 trip is blocked for lack of
torque annulment input determining the direction.
IN_RST_IOC_N3 Ground instantaneous element 3 torque
annulment input
IN_RST_IOC_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous element torque
annulment input

3.1-30
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Table 3.1-2: Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Modules

Name Description Function
IN_RST_TOC_PH1 Phase time element 1 torque annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_PH2 Phase time element 2 torque annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_PH3 Phase time element 3 torque annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_N1 Ground time element 1 torque annulment input It resets the element's timing
IN_RST_TOC_N2 Ground time element 2 torque annulment input functions and keeps them at 0
as long as it is active. With the
IN_RST_TOC_N3 Ground time element 3 torque annulment input element configured in
IN_RST_TOC_NS1 Negative sequence time element 1 torque directional mode, if the
annulment input corresponding monitoring
IN_RST_TOC_NS2 Negative sequence time element 2 torque setting and the input are active,
annulment input trip is blocked for lack of
IN_RST_TOC_NS3 Negative sequence time element 3 torque determining the direction.
annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_SG Sensitive ground time element torque annulment
input
IN_BPT_PH1 Phase time element 1 bypass time input
IN_BPT_PH2 Phase time element 2 bypass time input
IN_BPT_PH3 Phase time element 3 bypass time input
IN_BPT_N1 Ground time element 1 bypass time input
IN_BPT_N2 Ground time element 2 bypass time input
IN_BPT_N3 Ground time element 3 bypass time input It converts the set timing
IN_BPT_NS1 Negative sequence time element 1 bypass time sequence of a given element to
input instantaneous.
IN_BPT_NS2 Negative sequence time element 2 bypass time
input
IN_BPT_NS3 Negative sequence time element 3 bypass time
input
IN_BPT_SG Sensitive ground time element bypass time input

3.1-31
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Table 3.1-2: Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Modules

Name Description Function
ENBL_IOC_PH1 Phase instantaneous element 1 enable input
ENBL_IOC_N1 Ground instantaneous element 1 enable input
ENBL_IOC_NS1 Negative sequence instantaneous element 1 Activation of this input puts the
enable input element into service. It can be
ENBL_IOC_PH2 Phase instantaneous element 2 enable input assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_IOC_N2 Ground instantaneous element 2 enable input from the communications
ENBL_IOC_NS2 Negative sequence instantaneous element 2 protocol or from the HMI. The
enable input default value of this logic input
ENBL_IOC_N3 Ground instantaneous element 3 enable input signal is a “1.”
ENBL_IOC_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous element enable
input
ENBL_TOC_PH1 Phase time element 1 enable input
ENBL_TOC_N1 Ground time element 1 enable input
ENBL_TOC_NS1 Negative sequence time element 1 enable input Activation of this input puts the
ENBL_TOC_PH2 Phase time element 2 enable input element into service. It can be
ENBL_TOC_N2 Ground time element 2 enable input assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_TOC_NS2 Negative sequence time element 2 enable input
from the communications
ENBL_TOC_PH3 Phase time element 3 enable input protocol or from the HMI. The
ENBL_TOC_N3 Ground time element 3 enable input default value of this logic input
ENBL_TOC_NS3 Negative sequence time element 3 enable input signal is a “1.”
ENBL_TOC_SG Sensitive ground time element enable input
ENBL_VTOC Voltage dependent time element enable input

3.1-32
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

3.1.11 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules

Table 3.1-3: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules

Name Description Function
PU_IOC_A1 Phase A instantaneous element 1 pickup
PU_IOC_B1 Phase B instantaneous element 1 pickup
PU_IOC_C1 Phase C instantaneous element 1 pickup
PU_IOC_N1 Ground instantaneous element 1 pickup
PU_IOC_NS1 Negative sequence instantaneous element 1
pickup
PU_IOC_A2 Phase A instantaneous element 2 pickup
PU_IOC_B2 Phase B instantaneous element 2 pickup
PU_IOC_C2 Phase C instantaneous element 2 pickup
PU_IOC_N2 Ground instantaneous element 2 pickup
PU_IOC_NS2 Negative sequence instantaneous element 2
pickup
PU_IOC_N3 Ground instantaneous element 3 pickup
PU_IOC_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous element pickup
PU_TOC_A1 Phase A time element 1 pickup
PU_TOC_B1 Phase B time element 1 pickup
PU_TOC_C1 Phase C time element 1 pickup AND logic of the pickup of the
PU_TOC_N1 Ground time element 1 pickup current elements with the
PU_TOC_NS1 Negative sequence time element 1 pickup corresponding torque control
input.
PU_TOC_A2 Phase A time element 2 pickup
PU_TOC_B2 Phase B time element 2 pickup
PU_TOC_C2 Phase C time element 2 pickup
PU_TOC_N2 Ground time element 2 pickup
PU_TOC_NS2 Negative sequence time element 2 pickup
PU_TOC_A3 Phase A time element 3 pickup
PU_TOC_B3 Phase B time element 3 pickup
PU_TOC_C3 Phase C time element 3 pickup
PU_TOC_N3 Ground time element 3 pickup
PU_TOC_NS3 Negative sequence time element 3 pickup
PU_TOC_SG Sensitive ground time element pickup
PU_VTOC_A Phase A voltage dependent time overcurrent
pickup
PU_VTOC_B Phase B voltage dependent time overcurrent
pickup
PU_VTOC_C Phase C voltage dependent time overcurrent
pickup
PU_IOC Instantaneous elements pickup (does not
generate an event) Pickup of the grouped current
PU_TOC Time elements pickup (does not generate an elements.
event)

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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Table 3.1-3: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules

Name Description Function
CPU_IOC_A1 Phase A instantaneous element 1 pickup
conditions
CPU_IOC_B1 Phase B instantaneous element 1 pickup
conditions
CPU_IOC_C1 Phase C instantaneous element 1 pickup
conditions
CPU_IOC_N1 Ground instantaneous element 1 pickup
conditions
CPU_IOC_A2 Phase A instantaneous element 2 pickup
conditions
CPU_IOC_B2 Phase B instantaneous element 2 pickup
conditions
CPU_IOC_C2 Phase C instantaneous element 2 pickup
conditions
CPU_IOC_N2 Ground instantaneous element 2 pickup
conditions
CPU_IOC_N3 Ground instantaneous element 3 pickup Pickup of the current elements,
conditions unaffected by the torque
control.
CPU_IOC_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous element pickup
conditions
CPU_TOC_A1 Phase A time element 1 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_B1 Phase B time element 1 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_C1 Phase C time element 1 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_N1 Ground time element 1 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_A2 Phase A time element 2 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_B2 Phase B time element 2 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_C2 Phase C time element 2 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_N2 Ground time element 2 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_A3 Phase A time element 3 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_B3 Phase B time element 3 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_C3 Phase C time element 3 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_N3 Ground time element 3 pickup conditions
CPU_TOC_SG Sensitive ground time element pickup conditions

3.1-34
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Table 3.1-3: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules

Name Description Function
TRIP_IOC_A1 Phase A instantaneous element 1 trip
TRIP_IOC_B1 Phase B instantaneous element 1 trip
TRIP_IOC_C1 Phase C instantaneous element 1 trip
TRIP_IOC_N1 Ground instantaneous element 1 trip
TRIP_IOC_NS1 Negative sequence instantaneous element 1 trip
TRIP_IOC_A2 Phase A instantaneous element 2 trip
TRIP_IOC_B2 Phase B instantaneous element 2 trip
TRIP_IOC_C2 Phase C instantaneous element 2 trip
TRIP_IOC_N2 Ground instantaneous element 2 trip
TRIP_IOC_NS2 Negative sequence instantaneous element 2 trip
TRIP_IOC_N3 Ground instantaneous element 3 trip
TRIP_IOC_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous element trip
TRIP_TOC_A1 Phase A time element 1 trip
TRIP_TOC_B1 Phase B time element 1 trip
TRIP_TOC_C1 Phase C time element 1 trip
TRIP_TOC_N1 Ground time element 1 trip Trip of the current elements.
TRIP_TOC_NS1 Negative sequence time element 1 trip
TRIP_TOC_A2 Phase A time element 2 trip
TRIP_TOC_B2 Phase B time element 2 trip
TRIP_TOC_C2 Phase C time element 2 trip
TRIP_TOC_N2 Ground time element 2 trip
TRIP_TOC_NS2 Negative sequence time element 2 trip
TRIP_TOC_A3 Phase A time element 3 trip
TRIP_TOC_B3 Phase B time element 3 trip
TRIP_TOC_C3 Phase C time element 3 trip
TRIP_TOC_N3 Ground time element 3 trip
TRIP_TOC_NS3 Negative sequence time element 3 trip
TRIP_TOC_SG Sensitive ground time element trip
TRIP_VTOC_A Phase A voltage dependent time overcurrent trip
TRIP_VTOC_B Phase B voltage dependent time overcurrent trip
TRIP_VTOC_C Phase C voltage dependent time overcurrent trip
TRIP_IOC Instantaneous elements trips (does not generate
an event) Trip of the grouped current
elements.
TRIP_TOC Time elements trips (does not generate an event)

3.1-35
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Table 3.1-3: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules

Name Description Function
TRIP_IOC_A1M Phase A instantaneous element 1 masked trip
TRIP_IOC_B1M Phase B instantaneous element 1 masked trip
TRIP_IOC_C1M Phase C instantaneous element 1 masked trip
TRIP_IOC_N1M Ground instantaneous element 1 masked trip
TRIP_IOC_NS1M Negative sequence instantaneous element 1
masked trip
TRIP_IOC_A2M Phase A instantaneous element 2 masked trip
TRIP_IOC_B2M Phase B instantaneous element 2 masked trip
TRIP_IOC_C2M Phase C instantaneous element 2 masked trip
TRIP_IOC_N2M Ground instantaneous element 2 masked trip
TRIP_IOC_NS2M Negative sequence instantaneous element 2
masked trip
TRIP_IOC_N3M Ground instantaneous element 3 masked trip
TRIP_IOC_SGM Sensitive ground instantaneous element masked
trip
TRIP_TOC_A1M Phase A time element 1 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_B1M Phase B time element 1 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_C1M Phase C time element 1 masked trip
Trip of the elements affected by
TRIP_TOC_N1M Ground time element 1 masked trip
their corresponding trip mask.
TRIP_TOC_NS1M Negative sequence time element 1 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_A2M Phase A time element 2 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_B2M Phase B time element 2 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_C2M Phase C time element 2 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_N2M Ground time element 2 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_NS2M Negative sequence time element 2 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_A3M Phase A time element 3 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_B3M Phase B time element 3 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_C3M Phase C time element 3 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_N3M Ground time element 3 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_NS3M Negative sequence time element 3 masked trip
TRIP_TOC_SGM Sensitive ground time element masked trip
TRIP_VTOC_AM Phase A voltage dependent time overcurrent
masked trip
TRIP_VTOC_BM Phase B voltage dependent time overcurrent
masked trip
TRIP_VTOC_CM Phase C voltage dependent time overcurrent
masked trip

3.1-36
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Table 3.1-3: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules

Name Description Function
INBLK_IOC_PH1 Phase instantaneous element 1 block trip input
INBLK_IOC_N1 Ground instantaneous element 1 block trip input
INBLK_IOC_NS1 Negative sequence instantaneous element 1
block trip input
INBLK_IOC_PH2 Phase instantaneous element 2 block trip input
INBLK_IOC_N2 Ground instantaneous element 2 block trip input
INBLK_IOC_NS2 Negative sequence instantaneous element 2
block trip input
INBLK_IOC_N3 Ground instantaneous element 3 block trip input
INBLK_IOC_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous element block
trip input
INBLK_TOC_PH1 Phase time element 1 block trip input
The same as for the digital
INBLK_TOC_N1 Ground time element 1 block trip input
inputs.
INBLK_TOC_NS1 Negative sequence time element 1 block trip
input
INBLK_TOC_PH2 Phase time element 2 block trip input
INBLK_TOC_N2 Ground time element 2 block trip input
INBLK_TOC_NS2 Negative sequence time element 2 block trip
input
INBLK_TOC_PH3 Phase time element 3 block trip input
INBLK_TOC_N3 Ground time element 3 block trip input
INBLK_TOC_NS3 Negative sequence time element 3 block trip
input
INBLK_TOC_SG Sensitive ground time element block trip input
INBLK_VTOC Voltage dependent time element block trip input
IN_RST_IOC_PH1 Phase instantaneous element 1 torque
annulment input
IN_RST_IOC_PH2 Phase instantaneous element 2 torque
annulment input
IN_RST_IOC_N1 Ground instantaneous element 1 torque
annulment input
IN_RST_IOC_N2 Ground instantaneous element 2 torque
annulment input The same as for the digital
IN_RST_IOC_N3 Ground instantaneous element 3 torque inputs.
annulment input
IN_RST_IOC_NS1 Negative sequence instantaneous element 1
torque annulment input
IN_RST_IOC_NS2 Negative sequence instantaneous element 2
torque annulment input
IN_RST_IOC_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous element torque
annulment input

3.1-37
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Table 3.1-3: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules

Name Description Function
IN_RST_TOC_PH1 Phase time element 1 torque annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_PH2 Phase time element 2 torque annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_PH3 Phase time element 3 torque annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_N1 Ground time element 1 torque annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_N2 Ground time element 2 torque annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_N3 Ground time element 3 torque annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_NS1 Negative sequence time element 1 torque The same as for the digital
annulment input inputs.
IN_RST_TOC_NS2 Negative sequence time element 2 torque
annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_NS3 Negative sequence time element 3 torque
annulment input
IN_RST_TOC_SG Sensitive ground time element torque annulment
input
IN_BPT_PH1 Phase time element 1 bypass time input
IN_BPT_PH2 Phase time element 2 bypass time input
IN_BPT_PH3 Phase time element 3 bypass time input
IN_BPT_N1 Ground time element 1 bypass time input
IN_BPT_N2 Ground time element 2 bypass time input
IN_BPT_N3 Ground time element 3 bypass time input The same as for the digital
IN_BPT_NS1 Negative sequence time element 1 bypass time inputs.
input
IN_BPT_NS2 Negative sequence time element 2 bypass time
input
IN_BPT_NS3 Negative sequence time element 3 bypass time
input
IN_BPT_SG Sensitive ground time element bypass time input
ENBL_IOC_PH1 Phase instantaneous element 1 enable input
ENBL_IOC_N1 Ground instantaneous element 1 enable input
ENBL_IOC_NS1 Negative sequence instantaneous element 1
enable input
ENBL_IOC_PH2 Phase instantaneous element 2 enable input
The same as for the digital
ENBL_IOC_N2 Ground instantaneous element 2 enable input inputs.
ENBL_IOC_NS2 Negative sequence instantaneous element 2
enable input
ENBL_IOC_N3 Ground instantaneous element 3 enable input
ENBL_IOC_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous element enable
input

3.1-38
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Table 3.1-3: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules

Name Description Function
ENBL_TOC_PH1 Phase time element 1 enable input
ENBL_TOC_N1 Ground time element 1 enable input
ENBL_TOC_NS1 Negative sequence time element 1 enable input
ENBL_TOC_PH2 Phase time element 2 enable input
ENBL_TOC_N2 Ground time element 2 enable input
The same as for the digital
ENBL_TOC_NS2 Negative sequence time element 2 enable input
inputs.
ENBL_TOC_PH3 Phase time element 3 enable input
ENBL_TOC_N3 Ground time element 3 enable input
ENBL_TOC_NS3 Negative sequence time element 3 enable input
ENBL_TOC_SG Sensitive ground time element enable input
ENBL_VTOC Voltage dependent time element enable input
IOC_PH1_ENBLD Phase instantaneous element 1 enabled
IOC_N1_ENBLD Ground instantaneous element 1 enabled
IOC_NS1_ENBLD Negative sequence instantaneous element 1
enabled
IOC_PH2_ENBLD Phase instantaneous element 2 enabled
IOC_N2_ENBLD Ground instantaneous element 2 enabled
IOC_NS2_ENBLD Negative sequence instantaneous element 2
enabled
IOC_N3_ENBLD Ground instantaneous element 3 enabled
IOC_SG_ENBLD Sensitive ground instantaneous element enabled
Indication of enabled or
TOC_PH1_ENBLD Phase time element 1 enabled disabled status of the current
TOC_N1_ENBLD Ground time element 1 enabled elements.
TOC_NS1_ENBLD Negative sequence time element 1 enabled
TOC_PH2_ENBLD Phase time element 2 enabled
TOC_N2_ENBLD Ground time element 2 enabled
TOC_NS2_ENBLD Negative sequence time element 2 enabled
TOC_PH3_ENBLD Phase time element 3 enabled
TOC_N3_ENBLD Ground time element 3 enabled
TOC_NS3_ENBLD Negative sequence time element 3 enabled
TOC_SG_ENBLD Sensitive ground time element enabled
VTOC_ENBLD Voltage dependent time element enabled

3.1-39
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.1.12 Overcurrent Elements Tests

One–by-one element testing is recommended and all elements not being tested at that moment
must be disabled. To carry out this test, we recommend that you cancel the directionality of the
equipment, in order not to depend on the voltages (TOC Direction set to None) and select
Instantaneous reset [Link] they must be applied, in order for the elements to be in the
trip enable zone.
• Pickup and Reset
Set pickup setting values of the corresponding element and check pickup by activating any
output configured to this end. It may also be verified by checking the trip flags in Information -
Status - Elements menu. Likewise, it may also be checked that the trip flag in said menu
activates when element trips.

Table 3.1-4: Overcurrent Elements Pickup and Reset

Element Setting Pickup Reset
Maximum Minimum maximum
X 1.08 x X 1.02 x X 1.03 x X 0.97 x X

In low ranges pickup and reset interval can be extended up to X ± (5% x In) mA.
• Operating Times
This is checked through trip terminals C1-C2.

Figure 3.1.22: Operating Time Test Setup (Overcurrent Elements).

3.1-40
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.1 Overcurrent Elements

Definite or Instantaneous Time

A current 20% above the selected pickup setting value shall be applied. Time delay must be
±1% or ±25ms (whichever is greater) of the selected time delay setting value. Bear in mind that
time delay for 0 ms setting will be between 20 and 25 ms.
Inverse Time
For a given curve, time delay will be a function of the selected dial and the applied current
(times pickup setting value). Tolerance will be given by the result obtained after applying ±1%
offset to current measurement. This will result into ±2% or ±35ms (whichever is greater) offset in
time measurement.

Operating times for model IRX can be checked for curves shown in paragraph 3.1.3 according
to IEC and IEEE/ANSI standards. RI Inverse Curve characteristic is added to these curves,
mainly used in combination with electromechanical relays.

3.1.12.b Voltage Restraint Time Element Test

Element is set as follows:

Element enable YES

Mode 0: V Restraint
Element pickup 1A
Operate voltage (Voltage Controlled mode) 50% Un
Element time delay 0.05 s

• Pickup and Reset

With nominal voltage setting at 110 Vac, a voltage of 22Vac is applied to phase A; that
represents 20% of nominal voltage.

Under these conditions, check that applying current through phase A element pickup takes
place at (1.05 * 0.25A) ± 3%, and resets at 0.25A ± 3%.

Disconnect phase A voltage and apply 55Vac through phase B; that represents 50% of nominal
voltage.

Under these conditions, check that applying current through phase B element pickup takes
place at (1.05 * 0.5A) ± 3%, and resets at 0.5A ± 3%.

Finally, disconnect phase B voltage and apply 104.5Vac through phase C; that represents 95%
of nominal voltage.

Under these conditions, check that applying current through phase C element pickup takes
place at (1.05 * 1A) ± 3%, and resets at 1A ± 3%.
• Operating Times
Apply the currents and voltages stated in paragraph for pickup and reset and check that tripping
takes place within ±1% or ±25ms (whichever is greater) of the selected time setting value. Bear
in mind that time delay for 0 ms setting will be between 20 and 25 ms.

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Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

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 3.2 Directional
Elements

3.2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3.2-2

3.2.2 Phase Directional Element ...................................................................................... 3.2-4
3.2.2.a Application Example ............................................................................................ 3.2-5
3.2.3 Ground and Sensitive Ground Directional Elements ............................................... 3.2-6
3.2.4 Negative-Sequence Directional Element ............................................................... 3.2-11
3.2.5 Positive Sequence Directional Element ................................................................. 3.2-12
3.2.6 Ungrounded Directional Element ........................................................................... 3.2-13
3.2.6.a Ungrounded Protection Element Logic .............................................................. 3.2-15
3.2.6.b Compensated Ground Protection (Petersen Coil) ............................................. 3.2-15
3.2.7 Change in Trip Direction ........................................................................................ 3.2-16
3.2.8 Coordination Time.................................................................................................. 3.2-17
3.2.9 Directional Elements Settings ................................................................................ 3.2-17
3.2.10 Digital Inputs of the Directional Modules ............................................................... 3.2-18
3.2.11 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Modules ...................................... 3.2-19
3.2.12 Directional Elements Test ...................................................................................... 3.2-21
3.2.12.a Ungrounded / Compensated Ground (Petersen Coil) Element Test ................. 3.2-22
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.2.1 Introduction
IRX relay with voltage measurement feature, as a function of model, the following directional
elements: one Phase Directional Element (67), one Ground Directional Element (67G), one
Sensitive Ground Directional Element (67SG), one Negative Sequence Directional Element
(67NS) and one Ungrounded Directional Element (67UNG).

The task of directional elements is to

determine the operate current flow
direction to control the associated
overcurrent elements. Direction is
figured out by comparing its phase
with that of a reference magnitude,
the phase of which remains
regardless the operate current flow
direction.

Figure 3.2.1: Phase Directional Element Block Diagram.

Each directional element has control

over the corresponding overcurrent
elements provided the Torque
Control setting is different from zero.
If it should be zero, directional control
is inhibited enabling trip in both
directions. Instantaneous overcurrent
element trips are enabled and time
overcurrent elements are enabled
after the coordination timer times out.

Figure 3.2.2: Ground Directional Element Block Diagram.

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 3.2 Directional Elements

If direction forward is asserted,

reverse direction instantaneous and
time overcurrent are blocked and
direction forward instantaneous is
enabled. Direction forward time
overcurrent is also enabled after the
coordination timer times out.

Figure 3.2.3: Sensitive Ground Directional Element Block

Diagram.

If reverse direction is asserted,

direction forward instantaneous and
time overcurrent are blocked and
reverse direction instantaneous is
enabled. Reverse direction time
overcurrent is enabled after the
coordination timer times out.

Figure 3.2.4: Negative Sequence Directional Element

Block Diagram.

For overcurrent elements to operate, directional elements must pickup and then a current level
higher than the overcurrent element setting value must be detected. If the directional element
disables overcurrent element operation, the time delay function will not initiate. If the operation
is disabled after timer pickup, this will be reset so that if element operation should be enabled
timer will start again from zero.

In any case, for a trip to take place, the time function must run uninterrupted.

In all cases, directional elements can enable or block in both directions (direction and reverse
direction) as a function of the Torque Control setting (1 for direction trips and 2 for reverse
direction trips). If Torque Disable input is activated, pickup of the corresponding directional
element is blocked.

Directional element settings corresponding to ground are common for the three types of ground.
In case there only exists Ground, this uses the corresponding settings. If there are Ground and
Sensitive Ground at the same time, settings are common for both. And if there is Directional
Ungrounded, it shares settings with above grounds, bearing in mind that in this case phase
characteristic angle is capacitive.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.2.2 Phase Directional Element

There is one directional element per
phase. Phase operate magnitude is
phase current and polarization
magnitude is phase-to-phase voltage
corresponding to the other two phases
memorized 2 cycles before pickup.

Table 3.2-1 shows operation and

polarization magnitudes applied to
each of three phases.

Figure 3.2.5: Vector Diagram of the Directional Phase

Element.

The aim of directional phase elements is to check whether phase currents and voltages exceed
a given value. This value is settable for voltage and has 60 mA setting for current. If current or
voltage do not exceed the threshold values the Lack of Polarization Blocking setting is
checked. If set to NO proceed as for the case of directional inhibition, but if set to YES, trips in
both directions are blocked.

Table 3.2-1: Phase Sequence

ABC Phase Sequence
Phase Operate magnitude (F_OP) Polarization magnitude (F_POL)
A IA UBC = VB - VC
B IB UCA = VC - VA
C IC UAB = VA - VB
ACB Phase Sequence
Phase Operate magnitude (F_OP) Polarization magnitude (F_POL)
A IA UCB = VC – VB
B IB UAC = VA – VC
C IC UBA = VB – VA

The operate characteristic, drawn on a polar diagram, is a straight line, the perpendicular of
which (maximum torque line) is rotated a given angle counter clockwise, known as phase
characteristic angle, with respect to polarization magnitude. Said straight line divides the plane
into two half planes. It is worth highlighting that said characteristic angle is complementary to
the angle of the line positive sequence impedance (see application example in paragraph
3.2.2.a).

When the directional element is set Direction, the overcurrent element is enabled when the
operate magnitude phasor is within the operate zone, ±90° with respect to maximum torque line,
and is disabled when within the opposite half plane. When set Reverse Direction, the
overcurrent element is enabled when phasor is within the opposite half plane.

As mentioned above, directional control is made phase after phase.

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 3.2 Directional Elements

3.2.2.a Application Example

An analysis of the phase Characteristic Angle, with respect to the Polarization Magnitude,
used by the relay to establish Maximum Torque Line dividing the plane into enable and disable
zones of phase differential elements set Direction and with ABC Phase Sequence is made in
this paragraph.

Let us assume the

simple case of a single
A- phase to ground fault
with no fault impedance
in a three phase line
opened at one end. If ZIa
is line impedance, fault
current IA will be
produced by voltage VA
with phase lag angle α.

Figure 3.2.6: Graphics for the Application Example.

IRX relay with phase directional elements do not use phase-to-neutral voltages as polarization
magnitudes for the corresponding operate magnitudes (phase currents). They use phase-to-
phase voltages of the other phases not involved with the possible single phase to ground fault
as Polarization Magnitudes (see table 3.2-1).

As shown in the above graphics, for an A-phase to ground fault as described above, the
polarization magnitude used by the relay in order to decide tripping or not, is voltage UBC = VB -
VC, with a phase lag of 90º with respect to the phase to neutral voltage of the faulted phase VA .

As the Phase Characteristic Angle (α) set at the relay is the angle between Operate
Magnitude and Polarization Magnitude (see figure 3.2.4), the value to be assigned is the
complementary angle to the “line impedance” angle.

All comments made so far for phase A can be directly extrapolated to phases B and C.

Summarizing, if ZIθ is line impedance, phase characteristic angle (α) setting is:

α = 90 – θ

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.2.3 Ground and Sensitive Ground Directional Elements

Ground And Sensitive Ground Directional element operation is based on zero-sequence and
ground magnitudes. Zero-sequence current is taken as operate magnitude (measured through
ground and sensitive ground channel).

Polarization magnitudes to be considered will depend on the units enabled:

• Directional Earth Fault Unit: This can be polarised by the zero-sequence voltage (VN)
or by the earthing current. In this situation, there will be two different operation
characteristics corresponding to each polarization mode. Such characteristics on the R-X
diagram are straight lines that divide the diagram in two halfs. The location of the
“operation magnitude” will directly determine the activation of the directional unit and the
corresponding effect on the overcurrent unit.

• Sensitive Earth Fault Protection: This unit can only be polarised by the zero-sequence
voltage (VN).

The reason for both polarization magnitudes is next:

• Zero-sequence voltage

Zero-sequence voltage (VN) is calculated from phase voltages as follows:

VN = VA + VB + VC

• Current flow by ground fault (this current input is only available in some models)

In this case two operate characteristics exist, corresponding to each of the two modes, which
drawn on a polar diagram result into straight lines, each dividing the plane into two half planes.
Directional element output and action on the overcurrent element is determined by the position
of the operate magnitude.

If the directional element is inhibited, trip in both directions is enabled. In this case
instantaneous trips are enabled and when the coordination timer times out time-overcurrent
trips will be enabled.

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 3.2 Directional Elements

• Voltage Polarization
Figure 3.2.7 shows the elements used
to explain voltage polarization
principles.

In this case Ground Directional

Element operating principle rests on
finding the angle difference between
the zero-sequence current and zero-
sequence voltage. The figure has
been drawn following the same
criteria as for phase element
operating principles, so that the
concepts used are entirely equivalent.

Figure 3.2.7: Vector Diagram of the Ground and Sensitive

Ground Directional Element (Polarization by Voltage).

It must be made clear that, in order to handle characteristic angles smaller than 90º, the phasor
opposite to the zero-sequence voltage (F_POL) has been drawn as polarization magnitude,
which is rotated clockwise the neutral characteristic angle to obtain the straight line dividing both
zones.

Ground and Sensitive Ground Directional elements check that ground current and voltage
exceed a given value. This value is settable for voltage and is set to 60mA and 2.7mA for
ground and sensitive ground currents respectively. If current or voltage do not exceed the
threshold values the Lack of Polarization Blocking setting is checked. If set to NO proceed as
for the case of directional inhibition, but if set to YES, trips in both directions are blocked.

The same as for phase elements, when the directional element is set Direction, the
characteristic angle must be such that on fault condition the operate magnitude is within ±90°
with respect to maximum torque line. When set Reverse Direction, the overcurrent element is
enabled when phasor is within the opposite half plane.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

• Voltage Polarization (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models)

Models 2IRX-B**-****D0** use the
compensated zero sequence
voltage as directional element
polarisation phasor through setting
Zero Sequence Voltage
Compensation Factor
( K COMP_ 67 N ):
− V 0 + I 0 ⋅ K COMP_ 67 N ∠ANG _ 67 N . Figure
diagrams the elements used to
explain how polarization by voltage
works.

Figure 3.2.8: Vector Diagram of the Ground Directional

Element (Polarization by Voltage). Models 2IRX-B**-****D0**.

The following table shows the operation and polarization phasors which intervene in the ground
directional element, as well as the operation criteria applied.

Table 3.2-2: Directional Ground Element (polarization by voltage). 2IRX-B**-****D0**

Models
F_OP F_POL Criteria
I0 − V 0 + I 0 ⋅ K COMP_ 67 N ∠ANG _ 67 N ( ) [ ( )
− 90 º + ANG _ 67 N ≤ arg Fop − arg Fpol( )] ≤ (90º − ANG _ 67 N )
However, the K COMP_ 67 N factor is used for the following two reasons:

• Increase the polarization phasor magnitude, in order that this exceeds the Minimum
Zero Sequence Voltage:

When the zero sequence impedance of the local source is small, in case of forward fault, the
V 0 voltage which measures the relay may present values under the Minimum Zero
Sequence Voltage setting [it was previously deduced that V 0 = ZA0 ⋅ ( − I 0) ]. In order to
have sufficient voltage to polarize the ground directional element, a new voltage with the
same phase is added to the − V 0 phasor, which will correspond to the voltage drop in an
impedance with ANG_67N angle (it is assumed that this adjustment will be equal to the ZA0
angle) and with a magnitude equal to K COMP_ 67 N . The effect of the new polarization phasor is
that of expanding the zero sequence impedance magnitude of the local source with a value
equal to K COMP_ 67 N .

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 3.2 Directional Elements

The K COMP_ 67 N value should be restricted in order that the ground directional element does
not take any erroneous directional decisions in case of faults in the reverse direction. When
the fault is in the reverse direction V 0 = ( ZL0 + ZB 0) ⋅ I 0 , as was deduced previously. If we
assume that the ZL 0 + ZB 0 angle is similar to the ANG_67N setting (assumption equal to
ZA0 angle), − V 0 and I 0 ⋅ K COMP_ 67 N will be in anti-phase, for which the sum of I 0 ⋅ K COMP_ 67 N
reduces the polarization phasor value, with it being possible to even reverse its direction.
The latter would occur if K COMP _ 67 N > (ZL 0 + ZB 0 ) ; in this case, the directional element would
consider that the fault is in forward direction. For this reason, the K COMP_ 67 N value is
restricted by the ZL 0 + ZB 0 value.

• Compensate the inversion that the V0 voltage may undergo in lines with series
compensation:

In case of faults in a forward direction, in a line with series compensation, V 0 will be

reversed (approximately 180º considering that the angle of source impedance is close to
90º), provided that the zero sequence impedance existing between the voltage transformer
and the local source is capacitive. In this case, the directional element will act erroneously
since it will consider that the fault is in the reverse direction. In order to rotate the reversed
− V 0 voltage 180º, such that the directional element can see the fault in a forward direction,
a K COMP_ 67 N factor should be applied whose value exceeds the capacitive reactance value
introduced. Notwithstanding, and in order to avoid erroneous directional decisions in case of
reverse directional faults, as was indicated previously, K COMP_ 67 N should be less than
ZL0 + ZB 0 (impedance existing between the voltage transformer and the remote source).

• Current Polarization
This polarization is available only for the earth fault units (but not for the sensitive ones). It is
based on the principle of finding out the phase angle difference between the residual current
and the fault current. Analysis is simple as the phase difference between both magnitudes may
not be other than 0º and 180º or, in other words, the characteristic angle must always be 0º.

When set Direction, the operate zone

corresponds to the zone where fault
or operate current In is rotated 180º
with respect to ground fault, as in
figure F_POL is equal to IPT rotated
180º, thus, F_POL and In must be in
phase to be within the operate zone.
When set Reverse Direction, the
overcurrent element is enabled in the
opposite half plane.

Figure 3.2.9: Vector Diagram of the Ground Directional

Element (Polarization by Current).

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Ground and Sensitive Ground Directional elements check that polarization current exceeds a
given value; this value is 60mA. If polarization current does not exceed the threshold value the
Lack of Polarization Blocking setting is checked. If set to NO proceed as for the case of
directional inhibition, but if set to YES, trips in both directions are blocked.
• Voltage and Current Polarization
This polarization is available only for the earth fault units (but not for the sensitive ones). In case
both polarizations are present the following criterion is used:

If the Ground or Sensitive Ground Directional element is inhibited check the current exceeds a
minimum value. If it does not exceed this value, the Lack of Voltage Polarization Blocking
setting is checked. If set to NO proceed as for the case of directional inhibition, but if set to YES,
trips in both directions are blocked.

If it exceeds said value, check the polarization current exceeds a given value. If it exceeds this
value proceed to determine if there is trip direction. If Direction Reversal input is active, the
calculated direction is reversed.

If current polarization solves the directional control (trip enable), voltage polarization is not
checked.

If current polarization does not solve the directional control check the polarization voltage
exceeds a given settable value. If it does not, the Lack of Voltage Polarization Blocking
setting is checked. If set to NO proceed as for the case of directional inhibition, but if set to YES,
trips in both directions are blocked.

If voltage level is correct, polarization voltage is moved according to set characteristic angle
checking for trip direction. If Direction Reversal input is active, the calculated direction is
reversed.

If Direction is asserted, instantaneous and time-overcurrent Reverse Direction are blocked

and instantaneous Direction is enabled. When the coordination timer times out the time-
overcurrent Direction will be enabled.

If Reverse Direction is asserted, instantaneous and time-overcurrent Direction are disabled

and instantaneous Reverse Direction is enabled. When coordination timer times out, time-
overcurrent Reverse Direction will be enabled.

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 3.2 Directional Elements

3.2.4 Negative-Sequence Directional Element

IRX models include a Negative Sequence Directional element. The operating principle is based
on calculating the phase angle difference between the Negative Sequence current (I2) and the
polarization magnitude, which is the Negative Sequence voltage (V2) 180º out-of-phase.

Figure shows the phasor diagram

associated to a Negative Sequence
Directional element.

Figure 3.2.10: Vector Diagram of the Negative Sequence

Directional Element.

Negative Sequence Directional elements check if negative sequence currents and voltages
exceed a given value. This value is settable for voltage (Minimum Negative Sequence
Voltage setting) and 0.02 In for the operate phasor, In being rated current.

If current or voltage do not exceed their threshold values the Lack of Polarization Blocking
setting is checked. If set to NO proceed as for the case of directional inhibition, but if set to YES,
trips in both directions are blocked.

The operate characteristic, drawn on a polar diagram, is a straight line, the perpendicular of
which (maximum torque line) is rotated a given angle (known as characteristic angle) clockwise
with respect to polarization magnitude. Said straight line divides the plane into two half planes.

When the directional element is set Direction, the overcurrent element is enabled when the
operate magnitude phasor is within the operate zone, ±90° with respect to maximum torque line,
and is disabled when within the opposite half plane. When set Reverse Direction, the
overcurrent element is enabled when phasor is within the opposite half plane.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.2.5 Positive Sequence Directional Element

2IRX-B**-****D0** models include a
Positive Sequence directional
element. The operation is based on
determining the phase difference
between positive sequence current
and positive sequence voltage
memorised two cycles in advance
of fault detector activation (see 3.5).
Figure shows the phasor diagram
associated to the positive sequence
directional element.

Figure 3.2.11: Vector Diagram of the Positive Sequence

Directional Element.

The negative sequence directional element checks that operation and polarisation phasors
exceed given values. This value is adjustable for the polarization phasor (Minimum Zero
Sequence Voltage setting) and 0.02 In (with In being the rated current of the IED) for the
operation phasor. If the operation or polarization phasors do not exceed the threshold values
the Lack of Polarization of Positive Sequence (LP_DIR_PS) signal will be activated and
Blocking due to Lack of Polarization setting is shown. If this setting indicates that there is NO
blocking, the procedure is the same as for inhibiting the directional element. If, however, it
indicates blocking due to lack of polarization, trips in both directions are blocked.

The following table shows the operation and polarization phasors which intervene in the ground
directional element, as well as the operation criteria applied.

Table 3.2-3: Directional Negative Sequence Element

Fop Fpol Criteria
I1 V1 ( ) ( )
⎡arg Fop − arg Fpol
− 90º + ANG _ 67 P ≤ ⎣ ( )⎦⎤ ≤ ( 90º − ANG _ 67 P )
The directional element, if configured in direction, enables the overcurrent element when the
previous criteria is fulfilled (operation zone indicated in the diagram), while if configured in
reverse direction, it enables the overcurrent element when this criteria is not fulfilled (blocking
zone indicated in the diagram).

The positive sequence directional element can supervise the operation of phase overcurrent
elements, if their Torque Control Type setting is set to 67P. Thanks to the type of polarisation
used (positive sequence voltage memory), the positive sequence directional element operates
correctly on voltage reversals produced in series compensated lines.

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 3.2 Directional Elements

The logic diagram of

operation of the
directional positive
sequence element is
shown in this Figure.

If the Direction
Inversion Input
(IN_INV_TRIP) is active,
the calculated direction is
changed.

Figure 3.2.12: Block Diagram of a Directional Positive Sequence

Element.

The activation of the Inhibit of the Directional Negative Sequence (INH_DIR_NS) input
converts the element to non-directional.

3.2.6 Ungrounded Directional Element

Ungrounded Directional Elements
consist of a measuring element that
operates according to voltage /
current characteristic, as represented
in Figure. It differs from the above in
that it does not include Coordination
Time setting and the Characteristic
Angle setting is capacitive.

The shaded zone is delimited by the

operate characteristic and defines the
set of zero-sequence voltage and
residual current RMS values for which
the characteristics generator activates
element Pickup (ADD_IN) output.

Figure 3.2.13: Diagram of the Characteristic of Ungrounded

Directional Element.

The element picks up at 100% of the operate zone limit value, marked as R-P-Q-S (±5%) in
figure 3.2.10, and resets at V and I values below line R’-P’-Q’-S’ (±5%), where P’ and Q’ are:

P' [ 0.85 Ib; 0.85 Va ]

Q' [ 0.85 I ; 0.85 V ]
a b

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

For a given applied voltage, pickup and reset currents are calculated as follows:

V + mI a − Vapplied (Vb + mI a ) 0.85 − Vapplied

Pickup: I = b Reset: I =
m m
Va − Vb
Where m is the slope of line PQ: m =
I a − Ib

Zero-sequence voltage (VN) is measured through a dedicated analog input, as the residual
current (IN) for ungrounded systems is another extremely precise analog input for very low
current values.

This unit is monitored by the Ungrounded Directional element, which blocks the function if
current flows in reverse to the selected direction. This directional element is polarized by voltage
VN, and in order to operate, measures the phase shift between current IN and polarization
voltage VN. Voltage lags the characteristic angle (α) resulting into the maximum torque line;
then the phase shift between IN and said maximum torque line is measured. If this phase shift is
less than 90º, IN and VN lagging by α degrees are on the same side of the characteristic and
the trip is enabled. If, on the contrary, the phase shift is more than 90º, they are on opposite
sides of the characteristic, and the trip is disabled (see next figure).

The operate characteristic drawn in a

polar diagram results into a straight
line. The position of the operate
magnitude defines directional element
output and the action on the
overcurrent element.

In ungrounded lines, fault currents are

mainly capacitive so that the
characteristic angle (α) for these type
of lines is normally 90º capacitive. In
figure, the characteristic angle takes a
fixed value of 90º capacitive with
respect to polarization magnitude
F_POL.

Figure 3.2.14: Vector Diagram of the Characteristic of the

Directional Ungrounded Element.

If the point defined by the voltage and neutral current pair appears inside the operate zone, the
element picks up and a timer starts timing. If directional blocking so enables, the element trips
when the timer times out.

After the first trip the instantaneous enable timer starts timing. All trips within this time occur
without counting the delay time. When delay time times out the element returns to normal
operating mode.

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 3.2 Directional Elements

3.2.6.a Ungrounded Protection Element Logic

Next Figure shows the overcurrent protection element block diagram. Mention is made of two
elements:

• Voltage / current characteristic generator

• Directional element

Figure 3.2.15: Ungrounded Protection Element Logic.

3.2.6.b Compensated Ground Protection (Petersen Coil)

The element is provided with a setting that allows including a special directional compensated
ground characteristic (Petersen Coil). This new criterion allows for ground fault protection in
Petersen coil- compensated lines.

Directional Ungrounded elements and Compensated Ground elements are operated

simultaneously and share the same voltage / current characteristic. Nevertheless they are
provided with separate timers (ungrounded time and compensated ground time) and separate
directional characteristics.

Selection between both directional characteristics is made as shown in the following chart:

Table 3.2-4: Directional Characteristic Selection

Petersen Coil
Connected Coil Disconnected Coil
Supervision
YES Compensated Ground Ungrounded
NO Compensated Ground + Ungrounded Compensated Ground + Ungrounded

Supervision of Connected Petersen Coil input digital signal is made through Petersen Coil
Supervision setting. If setting is YES, the state of said signal tells which of the two directional
elements (ungrounded or compensated ground) will be used.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

If Petersen Coil Supervision is set to NO, both directional characteristics are always
combined. In case a fault is detected in the common zone, the characteristic with the least
operating time will trip. This case has an application in a situation where if the connected
Petersen coil is not well tuned, the ungrounded characteristic which setting would be much
smaller than the compensated ground (Petersen coil) could operate.

Next Figure shows directional characteristics of both of them based on the fact that polarization
magnitudes (-VN) and operate magnitudes (IN) are the same for ungrounded than for neutral
connected to ground through the Petersen coil.

The grey zone

represents the directional
isolated neutral
characteristic, with the
maximum slope line
rotated 90º counter
clockwise with respect –
VN. The reason for this
characteristic angle is
that ground fault currents
are basically capacitive.

The blue zone

represents the directional
compensated ground
(Petersen Coil)
characteristic, with the
maximum slope line in
phase with polarization
phasor (-VN).
Characteristic angle is 0º
as for a perfectly tuned
system ground fault
currents are purely
resistive.

Figure 3.2.16: Vector Diagram of the Characteristic of Directional

Ungrounded and Compensated Ground (Petersen Coil) Element.

The red zone represents the compensated ground (Petersen Coil) characteristic as defined
above but with an operate half plane limited through angle θ setting.

Regarding recloser settings (trip and reclose permissive signals) and oscillography start
permissive signal, the new directional compensated ground (Petersen Coil) characteristic
shares the same settings than the directional ungrounded element.

3.2.7 Change in Trip Direction

Directional elements are provided with a logic input that can be connected to some of the digital
inputs using the programming capability of the same, the function of which is to change trip
direction. When this input is deactivated the trip direction is that of the previous schemes. If said
input is activated, trip direction changes to the opposite direction.

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 3.2 Directional Elements

3.2.8 Coordination Time

IRX type protection terminals can be used in permissive underreach schemes, connecting time
overcurrent element auxiliary pickup contact to carrier relay activation input, at one end and the
received carrier contact to the time overcurrent element timer disable input, at the remote end.

In case of two parallel lines; fault detection and later sequential trip in one of the lines can cause
current reversal at one terminal of the parallel line, picking up as a result of the same fault. In
this case, the directional element state changes from trip block to trip enable. If as a result of the
permissive underreach scheme the timer is disabled, an instantaneous trip occurs as the carrier
signal reset time is different from zero. In order to avoid this possibility, a coordination timer has
been provided, which delays the directional trip until carrier signal disappears. This delay only
affects time overcurrent elements, provided they are configured as directional.

Selected range is 0 to 30ms.

3.2.9 Directional Elements Settings

Directional Elements
Setting Range Step By Default
Phase Characteristic Angle 0º - 90º 1º 45º
Gnd Characteristic Angle 0º - 90º 1º 45º
Negative Sequence Characteristic Angle 0º - 90º 1º
Lack of direction blocking YES / NO NO
Min. Phase Voltage 0.05 - 10 V 0.01 V 0.2 V
Min. Gnd Voltage 0.05 - 10 V 0.01 V 0.2 V
Min. Negative Sequence Voltage 0.05 - 10 V 0.01 V
Coordinating Time 0 - 30 ms 1 ms 0 ms
Petersen Coil Angle Limit 0º - 60º 1º 0º

Neutral (Ungrounded / Petersen Coil)

Setting Range Step By Default
Neutral Enable YES / NO NO
Low Current 0.005 - 0.5 A 0.001 A 0.005 A
High Current 1.0 - 3.0 x Ib 0.01 2 x Ib
Low Voltage 0.5 - 30 V 0.01 V 0.5 V
High Voltage 0.5 - 70 V 0.01 V 1V
Ungrounded Neutral Time 0.05 - 300.00 s 0.01 s 0.1 s
Time to Instantaneous 0.05 - 300.00 s 0.01 s 3s
Neutral Direction 0: None 0: None
1: Direction
2: Reverse
Petersen Coil Supervision YES / NO NO
Petersen Coil Time 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 0.1 s

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

• Directional Overcurrent Protection: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - VOLTAGE
2 – ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 2 - FREQUENCY
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 3 - BREAKER FAILURE
4 - INFORMATION ... 4 - RESID. CURRENT DET.
...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - DIRECTIONAL 0 - PHASE CHARAC ANGLE

1 - VOLTAGE 1 - TIME OVERCURRENT 1 - GND. CHARACT. ANGLE
2 - FREQUENCY 2 - INSTANTANEOUS 2 - NEGSEQ CHARACT ANGLE
3 - BREAKER FAILURE 3 - LACK POLARIZ BLOCK
4 - RESID. CURRENT DET. 4 - COORD. TIME
... 5 - MIN. PHASE VOLTAGE
6 - MIN. GND VOLTAGE
7 - MIN. NEG SEQ VOLTAGE

3.2.10 Digital Inputs of the Directional Modules

Table 3.2-5: Digital Inputs of the Directional Modules

Name Description Function
INBLK_IN Ungrounded neutral directional element block Activation of the input before
input the trip is generated prevents
the element from operating. If
activated after the trip, it resets.
INBLK_PC Petersen coil directional element block input Activation of the input before
the trip is generated prevents
the element from operating. If
activated after the trip, it resets.
IN_RST_INPC Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional It resets the timing function
element torque annulment input included in the element and
keeps it at 0 while it is active.
With the unit configured in
directional mode, if the
corresponding monitoring
setting and the input are active,
trip is blocked for lack of
determining the direction.
ENBL_INPC Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional Activation of this input puts the
element enable input unit into service. It can be
assigned to a digital input by
level or to a command from the
communications protocol or
from the HMI. The default value
of this logic input signal is a “1.”

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 3.2 Directional Elements

Table3.2-5: Digital Inputs of the Directional Modules

Name Description Function
INH_DIR_PH Phase directional element inhibit
INH_DIR_N Ground directional element inhibit
The activation of these inputs
INH_DIR_SG Sensitive ground directional element inhibit
converts the directional
INH_DIR_NS Negative sequence directional element inhibit elements into non-directional..
INH_DIR_INPC Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional
element inhibit
IN_INV_TRIP Inversion of the trip direction When the input is quiescent,
the operation zones are those
indicated in this section 3.2. If it
is activated, the operation zone
of all the directional elements is
inverted.
CON_PC Connected Petersen coil input This input is used to select
ungrounded or compensated
ground elements.

3.2.11 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Modules

Table 3.2-6: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Modules

Name Description Function
ADD_INPC Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional AND logic of the pickup of the
element pickup current element with the
corresponding torque-control
input.
CPU_INPC Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional Element pickup unaffected by
element pickup conditions torque control.
TRIP_INPC Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional Trip of the insulated ground /
element trip compensated ground element.
CT_IN Ungrounded neutral directional element trip Trip of the insulated ground
conditions element.
CT_PC Petersen coil directional element trip conditions Trip of the compensated
ground element.
TRIP_INPCM Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional Trip of the insulated ground /
element masked trip compensated ground current
element affected by its
corresponding trip mask.
INBLK_IN Ungrounded neutral directional element block The same as for the digital
input input.
INBLK_PC Petersen coil directional element block input The same as for the digital
input.
IN_RST_INPC Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional The same as for the digital
element torque annulment input input.
ENBL_INPC Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional The same as for the digital
element enable input input.
INPC_ENBLD Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional Indication of enabled or
element enabled disabled status of the unit.

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Table 3.2-6: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Modules

Name Description Function
RDI_A Phase A instantaneous element reverse direction
RDI_B Phase B instantaneous element reverse direction
RDI_B Phase C instantaneous element reverse direction
RDI_B Ground instantaneous element reverse direction
RDI_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous element reverse
direction
RDI_NS Negative sequence instantaneous element Indication that the current flows
reverse direction in the direction opposite to that
RDT_A Phase A time element reverse direction of the trip. The signals of time
overcurrent elements are
RDT_B Phase B time element reverse direction activated when the
RDT_B Phase C time element reverse direction “coordination time” is up.
RDT_B Ground time element reverse direction
RDT_SG Sensitive ground time element reverse direction
RDT_NS Negative sequence time element reverse
direction
RDT_IN Ungrounded neutral element reverse direction
RDT_PC Petersen coil element reverse direction
DIRI_A Phase A instantaneous element direction
DIRI_B Phase B instantaneous element direction
DIRI_B Phase C instantaneous element direction
DIRI_B Ground instantaneous element direction
DIRI_SG Sensitive ground instantaneous element direction
DIRI_NS Negative sequence instantaneous element Indication that the current flows
direction in the direction of the trip. The
DIRT_A Phase A time element direction signals of time overcurrent
DIRT_B Phase B time element direction elements are activated when
DIRT_B Phase C time element direction the “coordination time” is up.
DIRT_B Ground time element direction
DIRT_SG Sensitive ground time element direction
DIRT_NS Negative sequence time element direction
DIRT_IN Ungrounded neutral element direction
DIRT_PC Petersen coil element direction
INHD_PH Phase directional element inhibit
INHD_N Ground directional element inhibit
INHD_SG Sensitive ground directional element inhibit The same as for the digital
INHD_NS Negative sequence directional element inhibit inputs.
INH_DIR_INPC Ungrounded neutral / Petersen coil directional
element inhibit
INV_TRIP Inversion of the trip direction The same as for the digital
input.
CON_PC Connected Petersen coil input This input is used to select
ungrounded or compensated
ground elements.

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 3.2 Directional Elements

3.2.12 Directional Elements Test

Prior to testing check that Pickup Blocking Enable setting or Torque Control setting are set
Direction, and that Direction Reversal input is disabled.

Testing can be carried out: Ia with Vb, Ib with Vc, Ic with Va, In with Va and Ins with Va. Next
Tables show the angles between which relay directional control is enabled. To check if the relay
directional control is enabled or not go to menu Information - Status - Measuring Elements -
Overcurrent - Directional Overcurrent and check the state of flags corresponding to the
tested phase.

Table 3.2-7: Phase Directional Control

V APPLIED I APPLIED
Vb = 64V ⎣0º Ia = 1A ⎣(270º-α charact to 90º + α charact ) ± 2º
Vc = 64V ⎣0º Ib = 1A ⎣(270º-α charact to 90º + α charact ) ± 2º
Va = 64V ⎣0º Ic = 1A ⎣(270º-α charact to 90º + α charact ) ± 2º

Table 3.2-8: Ground Directional Control

Ground Directional and Sensitive Ground Directional by Vpol Ground Directional by Ipol
V APPLIED I APPLIED I APPLIED
Va = 64V ⎣0º In = 1A ⎣ (90º - α charact to 270º - α charact ) ± 2º Ip = 1A ⎣180º In = 1A ⎣-90º to 90º

Table 3.2-9: Negative Sequence Directional Control

V APPLIED I APPLIED
Va = 64V ⎣180º Ia = 1A ⎣(270º - α charact to 90º - α charact ) ± 2º

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.2.12.a Ungrounded / Compensated Ground

(Petersen Coil) Element Test
Prior to testing, Phase Instantaneous and Time Overcurrent elements must be disabled and
Ground element must be enabled with following settings:

Low current (Ib) 0.05 A

High current (Ia) 3 x Ib
Low voltage (Ub) 3V
High voltage (Ua) 50 V
Time first trip 0.1 s
Time to instantaneous 3s
Ground characteristic angle 90º
Petersen coil supervision NO
Compensated ground time 0.1 s

• Pickup
Apply current to ground current input and voltage leading the current by 135º to ground voltage
input; check, for currents shown in table 3.2-10, that Ground element pickup state indicator sets
to steady “1” when voltage is between Arr_MIN and Arr_MAX. Eventually the Ground element
output will also activate and, simultaneously, trip contacts will close.

Check that the pickup indicator resets when current is between Rep_MIN and Rep_MAX. When
the pickup indicator resets the output indicator also resets.

Table 3.2-10: Ungrounded / Compensated Ground Element Test (Pickup)

Voltage (V) Arr_MAX Arr_MIN Rep_MAX Rep_MIN
55 0.053 0.048 0.050 0.045
45.3 0.063 0.057 0.055 0.047
26.5 0.105 0.095 0.097 0.087
7.7 0.147 0.133 0.139 0.125
2 No pickup

For these settings, pickup and reset values are given by:

Arr_MAX Arr_MIN
Vap Vb + mI a − Vap ⋅ 0.99 Vb + mI a − Vap ⋅ 1.01
• 1.01 • 0.99
m m

Rep_MAX Rep_MIN
(V + mI ) ⋅ 0.85 − Vap ⋅ 0.99 (Vb + mI a ) ⋅ 0.85 − Vap ⋅ 1.01
b a • 0.99
• 1.01
m m

Va − Vb
Where: m=
Ia − Ib

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 3.2 Directional Elements

• Trip Times
Apply a voltage of 15 Vac leading the current by 135º. Check that when applying a current of 2
Aac, for the settings stated in next Table, trip times are within the stated margins.

Table 3.2-11: Ungrounded / Compensated Ground Element Test (Trip Times)

Ungrounded Neutral Compensated Ground Time TMIN (s) TMAX (s)
Time Setting (s) Setting (s)

0.1 1 0.075 0.125

1 2 0.98 1.02
10 15 9.8 10.2
1 0.1 0.075 0.125
2 1 0.98 1.02
3 2 1.96 2.04

It is worth mentioning that after the first trip, trips occurring within the next three seconds will be
instantaneous.

After testing one of the time delayed trips and before a 3 s time lapse, current will be applied
again checking that the instantaneous trip time is, in all cases, within a 25 ms margin. Then,
wait at least for three seconds before checking the next delayed trip.
• Directional Element Test
Set the Petersen Coil Angle Limit to 15º and apply 2 Aac ground current and 15 Vac ground
voltage, leading the current by 135º.

Set Petersen Coil Supervision to NO, and check that the Ground element operates as a
Petersen Coil and Ungrounded Neutral.

Set Petersen Coil Supervision to YES, and check that the Ground element operates as
Ungrounded Neutral.

Set Petersen Coil Supervision to YES and activate through a DI the digital signal Connected
Petersen Coil input. Check that the Ground element operates as a Petersen Coil.

Direction and reverse direction areas for each of the cases are shown in next Table with an
error of ±1º:

Table 3.2-12: Directional Element Test

Ungrounded Neutral Compensated Ground
Direction Reverse Direction Direction Reverse Direction
315º to 135º 135º to 315º 240º to 30º 60º to 210º

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Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

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 3.3 Protection Schemes for
Overcurrent Elements

3.3.1 Description ............................................................................................................... 3.3-2

3.3.2 Permissive Underreach (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models)............................................... 3.3-2
3.3.2.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”) .............. 3.3-3
3.3.2.b Tripping Conditions (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”) ............................. 3.3-3
3.3.2.c Operation ............................................................................................................ 3.3-3
3.3.3 Direct Transfer Trip .................................................................................................. 3.3-4
3.3.3.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”) .............. 3.3-4
3.3.3.b Trip Condition (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”) ...................................... 3.3-4
3.3.3.c Operation ............................................................................................................ 3.3-4
3.3.4 Permissive Overreach Trip ...................................................................................... 3.3-5
3.3.4.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”) .............. 3.3-5
3.3.4.b Trip Condition (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”) ...................................... 3.3-5
3.3.4.c Operation ............................................................................................................ 3.3-6
3.3.5 Directional Comparison Unblocking (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models) ............................ 3.3-6
3.3.5.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”) .............. 3.3-7
3.3.5.b Tripping Conditions (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”) ............................. 3.3-7
3.3.5.c Operation ............................................................................................................ 3.3-8
3.3.6 Directional Comparison Blocking ............................................................................. 3.3-9
3.3.6.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”) .............. 3.3-9
3.3.6.b Channel Disable Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Disable”) ........................... 3.3-9
3.3.6.c Trip Conditions (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”) .................................. 3.3-10
3.3.6.d Operation .......................................................................................................... 3.3-10
3.3.7 Weak Infeed Logic (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models) .................................................... 3.3-11
3.3.7.a Echo Logic ........................................................................................................ 3.3-11
3.3.7.b Weak Infeed Tripping........................................................................................ 3.3-11
3.3.7.c Operation .......................................................................................................... 3.3-12
3.3.8 Programmable Schemes ....................................................................................... 3.3-12
3.3.9 Overcurrent Elements Protection Schemes Settings ............................................ 3.3-13
3.3.10 Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Protection Schemes Module .............................. 3.3-14
3.3.11 Auxiliary Outputs of the Overcurrent Protection Schemes Module ....................... 3.3-15
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.3.1 Description
2IRX-B and 2IRX-C relays Ground and Negative Sequence Directional Instantaneous
Overcurrent elements (with the possibility of time overcurrent operation) can be provided with
Protection Schemes.

All schemes use two elements, one underreach and the other overreach, which will coincide
with Ground and Negative Sequence Overcurrent elements 1 and 2 as a function of
Teleprotection Elements setting. Both elements must monitor direction forward. The
underreach element must only operate with faults internal to the line, so that time delay must be
zero, whereas the overreach element will also cover faults external to the line and must be time
delayed.

The Overcurrent Protection Scheme settings can be the following four options:

1. None.
2. Permissive Underreach Trip (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models).
3. Direct Transfer Trip.
4. Permissive Overreach Trip.
5. Directional Comparison Unblocking (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models).
6. Directional Comparison Blocking.

2IRX-B**-****D0** models comprises Weak Infeed logic and Reverse Current Blocking logic,
which, if enabled, could supplement those protection schemes that so require. Said logics and
the directional comparison blocking scheme require the use of a reverse direction monitoring
element. Said element will pickup, in 2IRX-B**-****D0** models, on the activation of the
Reverse Direction Element Pickup logic input. In the remaining models, the reverse direction
element will be the ground instantaneous overcurrent or negative sequence element 2 as a
function of the Protection through Communications Element setting.

3.3.2 Permissive Underreach (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models)

Permissive Underreach is activated when selected in the Overcurrent Protection Scheme
setting.

With this scheme, the pickup of the Underreach unit at one of the line ends will generate an
instantaneous trip and transmit this channel signal to the other end to allow tripping. The remote
terminal will trip instantaneously when the channel signal is received if the overreach unit has
picked up.

If weak or zero infeed conditions exist at one of the line ends and the overreach unit is not
activated, this end could be tripped in an instantaneous mode, by means of Weak Infeed
Tripping Logic, if the Underreach unit has picked up at the “strong” end and has therefore sent
a permissive tripping signal towards the “weak” end. To this end, Overcurrent Weak Infeed
Output (WI_OCM) should be set to Echo + Trip, even if the echo signal is not used in the
permissive underreach scheme, it being considered useless.

If, because of weak or zero infeed conditions at one of the line ends, underreach unit does not
pick up at no end, it is preferable to select a Permissive Overreach scheme together with the
Weak Infeed logic.

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 3.3 Protection Schemes for Overcurrent Elements

3.3.2.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”)

The communications channel will be activated by any of the following conditions:

1. Pick up of the Underreach unit.

2. Pick up of the Overreach unit, provided the channel reception input is activated.
3. The three breaker poles tripped if Open Breaker Transmission is set to YES.

3.3.2.b Tripping Conditions (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”)

The channel trip will take place upon channel reception and the pickup of the overreach unit or
else signal Overcurrent Weak Infeed Trip is activated, (TRIP_WI_OC), for which Overcurrent
Weak Infeed Output (WI_OCM) must be set to Echo + Trip.

3.3.2.c Operation
Channel activation and trip command generation are shown in the block diagram.

Figure 3.3.1: Permissive Underreach Scheme Block Diagram (2IRX-B**-****D0**).

The purpose of Overcurrent Carrier Time (TCARR_OC) setting on the diagram is

guaranteeing a minimum time for channel activation (TX_OC).

Open Breaker Transmission (SEND_3PH_OP) setting allows activating the channel upon the
opening of the three breaker poles. The purpose of T2 time delay of 100ms is delaying carrier
transmission when this is produced by breaker trip.

Channel tripping and channel activation can be disabled using the status contact input
Overcurrent Channel Trip Blocking (INBLTRIPCOMOC).

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.3.3 Direct Transfer Trip

The Direct Transfer Trip scheme activates when Overcurrent Protection Scheme is set to
Direct Transfer.

The main feature is that a signal received from the other terminal produces a direct trip, without
supervising the activation of any protection element at that end.

3.3.3.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”)

Communications channel activates on any of the following conditions:

1. Underreach element pickup

2. Open breaker if Open Breaker Transmission is set to YES.

3.3.3.b Trip Condition (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”)

Transfer trip occurs whenever channel is received.

3.3.3.c Operation
Channel activation and trip conditions are depicted in block diagram of next Figure.

Figure 3.3.2: Direct Transfer Trip Scheme Block Diagram (Overcurrent).

Overcurrent Carrier Time setting (TCARR_OC) shown in diagram guarantees a minimum time
requirement for channel activation (TX_OC).

Open Breaker Transmission setting allows channel activation with open breaker. The 100 ms
delay is to delay carrier transmission caused by open breaker.

Safety Time setting (T_SEC) guarantees minimum duration of received condition, preventing ill-
timed operation due to channel noise.

Transfer trip and channel activation may be blocked by the activation of Overcurrent Channel
Trip Blocking digital input (INBLTRIPCOMOC).

3.3-4
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 3.3 Protection Schemes for Overcurrent Elements

3.3.4 Permissive Overreach Trip

The Permissive Overreach Trip scheme activates when Overcurrent Protection Scheme sets
to Permissive Overreach.

Under this scheme, overreach element pickup at one terminal sends permissive trip signal to
the other end. The received permissive signal produces an instantaneous trip if the overreach
element is picked up.

In 2IRX-B**-****D0** models, Overcurrent Reverse Current Blocking (BLK_INV_A_OC)

signal, coming from Reverse Current Logic (for overcurrent), blocks, provided it is activated,
the input coming from the Overreach unit, to prevent wrong trips upon current reversal produced
as a consequence of the sequential clearance of faults in a parallel line.

If weak or zero infeed conditions exist in one of the line ends, so that the Overreach unit is not
picked up, neither end may trip under this scheme (they will trip under time delayed conditions).
In this case, in 2IRX-B**-****D0** models, the Permissive Overreach Scheme should be
supplemented by the Weak Infeed logic, which allows sending a trip permissive signal to the
“strong” end (as an echo of the signal sent by said end) to achieve its tripping (Overcurrent
Weak Infeed Output (WI_OCM) must be set to Echo or Echo + Trip), apart from giving the
option for tripping the “weak” end (Overcurrent Weak Infeed Output (WI_OCM) must set to
Echo + Trip).

3.3.4.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”)

For communication channel activation at one terminal (permissive signal transmission), any of
the following conditions must be present:

1. Underreach or overreach element pickup.

2. Open breaker if Open Breaker Transmission is set to YES.
3. Overcurrent Echo (ECHO_OC) activated, output of Weak Infeed Logic, for which
Overcurrent Weak Infeed Output (WI_OCM) setting of said logic must be set to Echo
or Echo + Trip (2IRX-B**-****D0** models).

3.3.4.b Trip Condition (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”)

Channel trip will take place upon channel reception and pickup of the overreach unit or, in IRV-
D/G/H******Y0 models, if Overcurrent Weak Infeed Trip (TRIP_WI_OC) is activated, for which
Overcurrent Weak Infeed Output (WI_OCM) of the Weak Infeed Logic (for overcurrent
elements) must be set to Echo + Trip.

3.3-5
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.3.4.c Operation
Channel and trip activation conditions are depicted in block diagram of figure 3.3.2.

Figure 3.3.3: Permissive Overreach Scheme Block Diagram (Overcurrent).

Overcurrent Carrier Time setting (TCARR_OC) on diagram guarantees a minimum time

requirement for channel activation (TX_OC).

Open Breaker Transmission setting allows channel activation with open breaker. The 100 ms
delay is to delay carrier transmission caused by open breaker.

Transfer trip and channel activation may be blocked activating Overcurrent Channel Trip
Blocking digital input (INBLTRIPCOMOC).

3.3.5 Directional Comparison Unblocking (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models)

Directional Comparison Unblocking is activated when selected in the Overcurrent
Protection Scheme setting.

In permissive schemes using carrier wave channels, the trip permissive signal is frequently
transmitted through the faulted phase/s, and the signal is attenuated, in a number of cases, to
such a low level that the signal does not reach the other end. The end not receiving the trip
permissive signal will not be able to trip following the Permissive Overreach Scheme (it will
produce time delayed trip). In order to avoid timed trips upon this type of situations, the
Directional Comparison Unblocking Scheme is used, which is an extension of the Permissive
Overreach Tripping Scheme.

The Directional Comparison Unblocking Scheme has been introduced to be used with switched
frequency carrier wave equipment. When no fault is present in the line, this equipment
continuously sends a signal at a “guard” frequency (guard signal) for channel supervision. Upon
detecting a fault, the relay commands the carrier wave equipment to switch the guard frequency
to other frequency known as “trip frequency” (trip signal). Thus, but for the time elapsed in the
switching process, the teleprotection equipment will never send both signals at the same time.

Upon receipt of the trip signal and non-receipt of the guard signal at one end, said end will trip
following the same criteria set up in a Permissive Overreach Scheme (provided the overreach
unit is picked up). On the contrary, upon non-receipt of the trip signal and non-receipt of the
guard signal, the Directional Comparison Unblocking Scheme will allow, during a time window,
the instantaneous tripping of the overreaching unit.

3.3-6
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 3.3 Protection Schemes for Overcurrent Elements

Overcurrent Reverse Current Blocking (BLK_INV_A_OC) signal coming from the Reverse
Current Blocking Logic (associated to overcurrent schemes), blocks, while activated, the input
coming from the pickup of the overreaching unit, with the purpose of preventing wrong trips
upon current reversals as a consequence of clearing faults in a parallel line in case of double
circuits.

The same as for the Permissive Overreach Scheme, if weak or zero infeed conditions exist at
one of the line ends, so that the overreaching unit of said end does not pick up, none of the
ends can trip with this scheme (it would produce time delayed trip). In this case, the Directional
Comparison Unblocking Scheme should be supplemented by the Weak Infeed Logic, which
allows the transmission of a trip permissive signal to the “strong” end (as echo of the signal
transmitted by said end) in order to achieve its trip (Overcurrent Weak Infeed Output
(WI_OCM) must be set to Echo or Echo + Trip), apart from giving the option to trip the “weak”
end (Overcurrent Weak Infeed Output (WI_OCM) must be set to Echo + Trip).

3.3.5.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”)

For communication channel activation at a terminal (transmission of the permissive signal), any
of the following conditions must be present:

1. Pick up of the Underreach or Overreach unit.

2. The three breaker poles tripped if Open Breaker Transmission is set to YES.
3. Activation of Overcurrent Echo (ECHO_OC) signal, Weak Infeed Logic output, for
which Overcurrent Weak Infeed Output (WI_OCM) of said logic must be set to Echo
or Echo + Trip.

3.3.5.b Tripping Conditions (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”)

Tripping by channel signal reception will occur under the following conditions:

1. Channel reception and loss of guard and Overreach unit picked up.
2. Loss of guard, without channel activation, and Overreach unit picked up before T_TRIP
times out.
3. Overcurrent Weak Infeed Trip (TRIP_WI_OC) activated, for which Overcurrent Weak
Infeed Output (WI_OCM) of Weak Infeed Logic (for Overcurrent elements) must be
set to Echo + Trip.

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3.3.5.c Operation
Activation of a channel and generation of a trip command are shown in the following block
diagram.

Figure 3.3.4: Directional Comparison Unblocking Scheme Block Diagram (2IRX-B**-****D0**).

The purpose of Overcurrent Carrier Time (TCARR_OC) on the diagram is guaranteeing a

minimum time for channel activation (TX_OC).

The purpose of Open Breaker Transmission (SEND_3PH_OP) setting is activating the

channel when the three breaker poles trip. The purpose of T2 timing of 100 ms is delaying the
carrier transmission caused by breaker tripping.

The carrier wave equipment features the following output contacts: one normally closed
(hereafter called Guard), which remains open when the guard signal is being received, and
other normally open (hereafter called Trip) which closes upon the reception of the trip signal
from the other end. The guard contact must be wired to the 8ZLV Overcurrent Guard Loss
input - INLOSSGUAR_OC-, whereas the contact trip will be wired to the IN_RECEIPT_OC
(Overcurrent Channel Reception) input. On the other hand the TX_OC (Overcurrent
Channel Activation) output (IRV IED output) must be wired to the wave carrier equipment
input, which will give the command for frequency switching.

When both INLOSSGUAR_OC and IN_RECEIPT_OC inputs are activated, the response is
exactly equal to a Permissive Overreach Scheme, an instantaneous tripping being produced
provided the overreaching unit is picked up.

In case only INLOSSGUAR_OC input is activated, which might indicate a complete attenuation
of the trip permissive signal from the other end, if this situation remains during the switching
time T_EXCHANGE=10 ms (enough for the carrier wave equipment to switch from guard
frequency to trip frequency), the overreaching unit will be allowed to trip instantaneously during
the time T_TRIP=150 ms.

If only IN_RECEIPT_OC input has been activated, after time T_FAIL_CWE, the signal
FAIL_CWE=200 ms will be activated, which indicates failure in the carrier wave equipment.

Channel tripping and channel activation can be disabled using the status contact input
Overcurrent Channel Trip Blocking (INBLTRIPCOMOC).

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3.3.6 Directional Comparison Blocking

The Directional Comparison Blocking scheme is activated when Overcurrent Protection
Scheme sets to Directional Comparison Blocking.

This scheme essentially differs from the above schemes (permissive schemes) in that the
transferred signal is used for remote terminal trip blocking instead of speed up tripping.

For this scheme to operate correctly a Ground or Negative Sequence Overcurrent element set
reverse direction is necessary, which is used for channel activation. Said element will be the
Ground or Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent element 2 (OR both). In 2IRX-B**-
****D0** relays, the reverse looking element pickup will coincide with the activation of the logic
input Reverse Looking Element Pickup, to which the pickup signal of any overcurrent element
could be allocated.

Note: when this protection scheme is selected, the element 2 will show reverse direction torque control, even if
the setting shows otherwise.

Pickup of reverse direction element at one terminal transmits a blocking signal to the remote
terminal to block overreach element trip. This way, trip only occurs if blocking signal from the
remote terminal is not received.

For the correct application of this scheme two conditions must be taken into account:

1. Reverse direction pickup setting must be set to a lower value than that for overreach
elements at the other terminals, so that blocking all faults external to the line, for which
said overreach elements pickup, is guaranteed.
2. Overreach element trip must be delayed to allow time to transmit the blocking signal
from the remote to the local terminal. Said delay is given by Blocking Scheme Time
Delay setting.

3.3.6.a Channel Activation Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Transmission”)

Channel activation at one terminal (blocking signal transmission) takes place under any of the
following conditions:

1. Reverse direction element activated, with overreach element deactivated, provided

transmission stop conditions are not present.
2. Channel trip blocking input activated, provided transmission stop conditions are not
present. In this case, as it is a blocking system, channel activated means trip blocking.

3.3.6.b Channel Disable Conditions (“Overcurrent Channel Disable”)

Deactivating or blocking a terminal communications channel (end of block signal transmission)
takes place under any of the following conditions:

1. Channel disable input activated.

2. Overreach element activated neither through received channel nor through reverse
direction asserted nor through channel trip blocking input activation.
3. Underreach element activated.

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3.3.6.c Trip Conditions (“Overcurrent Protection Scheme Trip”)

A trip occurs with this scheme under simultaneous compliance with the following conditions:

1. Overreach element enabled.

2. No channel received (blocking signal from the other terminal).
3. Reverse direction element not activated.

3.3.6.d Operation
Channel activation and trip conditions are depicted in block diagram of figure 3.3.3.

Figure 3.3.5: Directional Comparison Blocking Scheme Block Diagram (Overcurrent).

Blocking Scheme Time Delay setting (T_SLOW_OC), allows, as mentioned above, for
external faults, time for reception of the blocking signal from the remote terminal.

Overcurrent Coordination Time setting (T_COORD) sets a reset time of the reverse direction
element pickup signal preventing channel stop due to current reversal in double lines, as a
result of parallel line sequential breaker trips caused by a fault of the parallel line. It is worth
mentioning that the underreach element can stop the blocking signal transmission without
reverse direction element activated, as the underreach element is only activated by faults
internal to the line.

IRX channel stop output must be hard wired to communications equipment Overcurrent
Channel Disable (IN_DISABLE_OC) input to disable the channel. Nevertheless said output
also cancels channel activation output in order to prevent against the fact that
IN_DISABLE_OC input is not configured in the communications channel equipment with priority
over IN_RECEIPT_OC input, in case both are active.

Transfer trip and channel activation can be blocked by activating Overcurrent Channel Trip
Blocking (INBLTRIPCOMOC) digital input.

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3.3.7 Weak Infeed Logic (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models)

The Weak Infeed Logic, if enable, can work in parallel with all permissive teleprotection
schemes.

As mentioned before, if a Permissive Overreaching Scheme has been selected (or Directional
Comparison Unblocking) and one of the line ends is in a weak infeed condition, so that
overreaching unit is not picked up at said end, none of the line terminals can trip
instantaneously. To this end, the teleprotection scheme must be supplemented by the Weak
Infeed Logic, which presents two options: Echo Transmission and Weak Infeed Tripping.

3.3.7.a Echo Logic

This function is enabled by setting Overcurrent Weak Infeed Output (WI_OCM) to Echo.

The Echo function allows sending a permissive trip signal to the “strong” end (as echo of the
signal transmitted by said end).

The echo signal will be activated provided a signal from the other end has been received and
the reverse direction unit has not picked up.

3.3.7.b Weak Infeed Tripping

This function is enabled by setting Overcurrent Weak Infeed Output (WI_OCM) to Echo +
Trip.

The echo transmission allows the trip (instantaneous) of the “strong” end, but not the “weak”
end trip. The weak infeed trip allows tripping this latter end when undervoltage conditions are
detected, a permissive trip signal has been received and the reverse direction unit or the
Overreaching unit is not picked up.

The weak infeed function is always associated to echo transmission.

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3.3.7.c Operation
Next Figure shows the logic operating diagram.

Figure 3.3.6: Weak Infeed Logic Block Diagram (2IRX-B**-****D0**).

Undervoltage detectors (represented as negated overvoltage detectors) pickup and reset with
only one value, equal to Weak Infeed Voltage Threshold (LEVEL_WI) setting.

The purpose of Safety Time (T_SEC) setting is guaranteeing a channel receipt time to avoid
echo transmission upon channel noise.

If a Directional Comparison Unblocking scheme has been selected, the Channel Receipt
(IN_RECEIPT_OC) must be supplemented with Guard Loss (INLOSSGUAR_OC) input
activation.

The setting Overcurrent Coordination Time (T_COORD_OC) is used to prevent weak infeed
trips upon current reversal in double circuits.

3.3.8 Programmable Schemes

Apart from the Protection Schemes available, any other protection scheme can be configured,
through the equipment programmable logic.

Teleprotection schemes can be generated requiring the transmission of several signals between
both line terminals (faulted phase, single phase and three phase permissive signals, etc), for
which the communication system used can be a digital network (see paragraph Virtual Inputs
Outputs).

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3.3.9 Overcurrent Elements Protection Schemes Settings

Protection Scheme
Setting Range Step By Default
Carrier transmission enable by 52 open YES / NO YES
Carrier reception safety time 0 - 50 ms 1 ms 0 ms
Protection scheme 0: None. 0: None
1: Direct transfer trip.
2: Permissive overreach.
3: Directional comparison blocking.
Teleprotection elements 0 - Ground
1 - Negative Sequence
2 - Ground or Negative Sequence
Carrier time 0 - 200 ms 10 ms 50 ms
Blocking scheme time delay 0 - 200 ms 10 ms 50 ms

Protection Scheme (2IRX-B**-****D0**)

Setting Range Step By Default
Carrier transmission enable by 52 open YES / NO YES
Carrier reception safety time 0 - 50 ms 1 ms 0 ms
Weak Infeed voltage level 15.00 - 70.00 V 0,01 V 45 V
Protection scheme 0: None. Ninguno
1: Permissive underreach.
2: Direct transfer trip.
3: Permissive overreach.
4: Directional comparison unblocking.
5: Directional comparison blocking.
Teleprotection Elements 0 - Ground
1 - Negative Sequence
2 - Ground or Negative Sequence
Carrier time 0 - 200 ms 10 ms 50 ms
Coordination time (Reverse Current Blocking 0 - 50 ms 1 ms 25 ms
Logic)
Blocking scheme time delay 0 - 200 ms 10 ms 50 ms
Weak Infeed logic output NONE NONE
ECHO
ECHO + TRIP

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3.3.10 Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Protection Schemes Module

Table 3.3-1: Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Protection Schemes Module

Name Description Function
IN_RECEIPT_OC Overcurrent channel receipt input The activation of this input
means a signal receipt (trip
permissive or blocking, as a
function of the selected
scheme) from the other end.
INBLTRIPCOMOC Overcurrent channel trip blocking input The activation of this input
blocks the trip of any
overcurrent protection scheme.
INLOSSGUAR_OC Overcurrent guard signal loss input The activation of this input
means that the guard signal
receipt has ceased. It is used in
the Directional Comparison
Unblocking scheme.
IN_DISABLE_OC Overcurrent channel disable input The activation of this input
generates Channel Disable
output. It is used in the
Directional Comparison
Blocking scheme.
IN_OV_OC Overreach element pickup input Overreach overcurrent element
pickup.
IN_RV_OC Reverse looking element pickup input Reverse looking overcurrent
element pickup.

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 3.3 Protection Schemes for Overcurrent Elements

3.3.11 Auxiliary Outputs of the Overcurrent Protection Schemes

Module

Table 3.3-2: Auxiliary Outputs of the Overcurrent Protection Schemes Module

Name Description Function
TRIP_SCHM_OC Overcurrent protection scheme trip Selected overcurrent protection
scheme trip.
TX_OC Overcurrent channel transmission Channel activation by the
selected overcurrent protection
scheme.
FAIL_CWE Carrier wave equipment failure Carrier wave equipment failure.
OUTDISABLE_OC Overcurrent channel disable Output for channel disabling
used in Directional Comparison
Blocking scheme.
TRIP_WI_OC Overcurrent weak infeed trip Weak infeed condition trip in
overcurrent protection scheme.
TRIP_WI_OC_A Phase A overcurrent weak infeed trip Trip by weak infeed condition in
phase A in overcurrent
protection scheme.
TRIP_WI_OC_B Phase B overcurrent weak infeed trip Trip by weak infeed condition in
phase B in overcurrent
protection scheme.
TRIP_WI_OC_C Phase C overcurrent weak infeed trip Trip by weak infeed condition in
phase C in overcurrent
protection scheme.
ECHO_OC Overcurrent echo transmission Echo transmission in
overcurrent protection scheme.
BLK_INV_A_OC Overcurrent reverse current blocking Overreaching unit blocking in
overcurrent protection scheme
by current reversal detection.
IN_RECEIPT_OC Overcurrent channel receipt input The same as for the digital
input.
INBLTRIPCOMOC Overcurrent channel trip blocking input The same as for the digital
input.
INLOSSGUAR_OC Overcurrent guard signal loss input The same as for the digital
input.
IN_DISABLE_OC Overcurrent channel disable input The same as for the digital
input.
IN_OV_OC Overreach element pickup input The same as for the Digital
Input.
IN_RV_OC Reverse looking element pickup input The same as for the Digital
Input.

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 3.4 Voltage
Elements

3.4.1 Undervoltage Elements ........................................................................................... 3.4-2

3.4.2 Overvoltage Elements ............................................................................................. 3.4-3
3.4.2.a Phase Overvoltage Elements ............................................................................. 3.4-3
3.4.2.b Ground Overvoltage Elements ........................................................................... 3.4-4
3.4.2.c Negative Sequence Overvoltage Element.......................................................... 3.4-5
3.4.3 Block Diagram of the Voltage Elements .................................................................. 3.4-6
3.4.4 Voltage Elements Settings ....................................................................................... 3.4-7
3.4.5 Digital Inputs of the Voltage Modules ...................................................................... 3.4-9
3.4.6 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Voltage Modules........................................... 3.4-10
3.4.7 Voltage Elements Test ........................................................................................... 3.4-13
3.4.7.a Overvoltage Elements Test .............................................................................. 3.4-13
3.4.7.b Undervoltage Elements Test ............................................................................ 3.4-13
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.4.1 Undervoltage Elements

IRX IEDs have the following undervoltage elements:

• Three phase undervoltage elements (27F1, 27F2 and 27F3)

Each element is associated with the three voltage analog inputs and has a setting to select
between working with Phase-Ground or Phase-Phase voltages. They operate when the RMS
values of the voltages measured reach a given value. This value is set simultaneously for the
three voltages in each IED. It is set as either phase-ground or phase-phase voltage.

The undervoltage elements have an associated logic which can be controlled with a setting in
which you select between the following two possible types of operation (3.4.2):

• AND: the (27F) element trips when the three associated undervoltage elements (V1, V2
and V3) comply with the trip condition.
• OR: the (27F) element trips when one or more of the three associated undervoltage
elements (V1, V2 or V3) comply with the trip condition.

Pickup occurs for a given undervoltage element when the value measured is equal to or less
than one times the set value, and resets at a selectable percentage (greater) above the setting.

The undervoltage element pickup enables the timing function. This is done by applying
increments on a meter that picks up the element when it times out. The time setting included
allows selecting a Fixed time timing sequence.

When the RMS exceeds the set pickup, a rapid reset of the integrator occurs. The activation of
the output requires the pickup to continue operating throughout the integration. Any reset leads
the integrator to its initial conditions so that a new operation initiates the time count from zero.

An analog input can be assigned to the logic signal that blocks the trip signaling of the
undervoltage phase elements, thus disabling the output if this signal is activated.

The operation of these elements is conditioned to the position of the breaker. An open breaker
disables the element.

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 3.4 Voltage Elements

3.4.2 Overvoltage Elements

IRX IEDs have the following overvoltage elements:

• Phase overvoltage elements (59F1, 59F2 and 59F3).

• Two ground overvoltage elements (59N1 and 59N2 or 64_1 and 64_2).
• One negative sequence overvoltage unit (47)

3.4.2.a Phase Overvoltage Elements

The phase overvoltage elements are associated with the three voltage analog inputs and have
a setting to select between working with Phase-Ground or Phase-Phase voltages. They
operate when the RMS values of the voltages measured reach a given value. This value is set
simultaneously for the three voltages in each IED. It is set as either Phase-Ground or Phase-
Phase voltage.

The overvoltage elements have an associated logic which can be controlled with a setting in
which you select between the following two possible types of operation (see figure 3.4.2):

• AND: the (59F) element trips when the three associated overvoltage elements (V1, V2
and V3) comply with the trip condition.
• OR: the (59F) element trips when one or more of the three associated overvoltage
elements (V1, V2 or V3) comply with the trip condition.

Pickup occurs for a given overvoltage element when the value measured is greater than one
times the set value, and resets at a selectable percentage (less) of the setting.

The overvoltage element pickup enables the timing function. This is done by applying
increments on a meter that picks up the element when it times out. The time setting included
allows selecting a Fixed time timing sequence.

When the RMS falls below the pickup setting, a rapid reset of the integrator occurs. The
activation of the output requires the pickup to continue operating throughout the integration. Any
reset leads the integrator to its initial conditions so that a new operation initiates the time count
from zero.

You can assign an analog input to the logic signal that blocks the trip signaling of the
overvoltage phase elements, thus disabling the output if this signal is activated.

The algorithm below exemplifies a typical application:

• 59F1A, 59F1B and 59F1C associated with an AND algorithm, with pickup level 1.2Vn
and instantaneous operation,
• 59P2A, 59P2B and 59P2C associated with an OR algorithm, with pickup level 1.1Vn
and delayed operation.

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3.4.2.b Ground Overvoltage Elements

• Elements 59N1 and 59N2

Ground overvoltage elements 59N1 and 59N2 are made up of an instantaneous overvoltage
element with an additional independent adjustable timer.

The ground voltage is calculated using data from the three phase voltages. The RMS value of
this ground voltage, which is the operating magnitude of the level detector, is calculated with the
phase voltages as follows:

VN = VA + VB + VC

The adjustable output of this detector is the pickup signal of elements 59N1 and 59N2. It
initializes an adjustable timer, whose output, combined with the blocking signal of the unit, in the
AND gate is taken as the element's output. See figure 3.4.1.

Figure 3.4.1: Block Diagram of Ground Overvoltage Elements 59N1 and 59N2.

Each element picks up when the RMS value of the zero sequence voltage exceeds 1 times the
set pickup value and resets with a selectable value percentage (lower) of the setting.

Elements 59N1 and 59N2 can program block trip inputs, which prevents the operation of the
element if this input is activated before the trip is generated. If activated after the trip, it resets.
To be able to use these logic input signals, it is necessary to program the status contact inputs
defined as Block Trip.

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 3.4 Voltage Elements

• Elements 64_1 and 64_2

The characteristics of these elements are identical to those of elements 59N1 and 59N2, except
that the neutral voltage is obtained directly through a TT connection in open delta. This is why
the IED has a specific voltage analog input.

3.4.2.c Negative Sequence Overvoltage Element

IRX models have an negative sequence overvoltage element. It operates when the value of the
negative sequence voltage exceeds the set value. The element picks up when the negative
sequence voltage surpasses 1 times the pickup setting and resets with a selectable percentage
value (lower) of the setting.

This element has an adjustable timer that allows an optional delay of the output.

When the RMS falls below the pickup setting, a rapid reset of the integrator occurs. The
activation of the output requires the pickup to continue operating throughout the integration. Any
reset leads the integrator to its initial conditions so that a new operation initiates the time count
from zero.

The negative sequence overvoltage element can be blocked with the Negative Sequence
Overvoltage Blocking Input. This requires assigning this blocking logic input signal to one of
the status contact inputs.
• Blocking Logic
It is relatively common to use an algorithm to block the neutral time overcurrent elements when
the undervoltage element (27) and the negative sequence overvoltage element (47) are both
picked up. This type of blocking acts before the timer of the overcurrent elements is initiated.

To have this type of blocking, it must first be configured in the programmable logic.

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3.4.3 Block Diagram of the Voltage Elements

Figure 3.4.2: Block Diagram of the AND/OR Operation for the Voltage Elements.

The output that enables overvoltage/undervoltage elements in the diagram of figure 3.4.2
corresponds to the outputs of three-phase masked trip of undervoltage and overvoltage
elements 1, 2 and 3. This means that their corresponding trip masks affect these signals, which
are directional to the protection trip. The masked trips of each of the phases generate events
and activate signals that can be used in the programmable logic, but by themselves they do not
give rise to a trip.

Figure 3.4.3: Block Diagram of an Overvoltage / Undervoltage Element.

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 3.4 Voltage Elements

3.4.4 Voltage Elements Settings

Voltage Dropout
Setting Range Step By Default
Phase overvoltage elements dropout 50 - 99% of setting 1 95 %
Ground overvoltage elements dropout 50 - 99% of setting 1 95 %
Neg. sequence overvoltage elements dropout 50 - 99% of setting 1 95 %
Phase undervoltage elements dropout 101 - 150% of setting 1 105 %

Phase Overvoltage (Elements 1, 2 and 3)

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Voltage Type Line Voltage Line
Phase Voltage Voltage
Pickup 20 - 300 V 0.01 V 70 V
Time Delay 0 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s
Tripping Logic OR / AND OR

Phase Undervoltage (Elements 1, 2 and 3)

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Voltage Type Line Voltage Line Voltage
Phase Voltage
Pickup 10 - 300 V 0.01 V 40 V
Time Delay 0 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s
Tripping Logic OR / AND OR

Ground Overvoltage (Elements 1 and 2)

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Pickup 2 - 150 V 0.01 V 10 V
Time Delay 0 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s

Negative Sequence Overvoltage Element

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Pickup 2 - 100 V 0.01 V 10 V
Time Delay 0 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s

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• Voltage Protection: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - VOLTAGE
2 – ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 2 - FREQUENCY
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 3 - BREAKER FAILURE
4 - INFORMATION ... …

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - VOLTAGE RESET

1 - VOLTAGE 1 - PHASE OVERVOLTAGE
2 - FREQUENCY 2 - NEG. SEQ. OVERVOLT.
3 - BREAKER FAILURE 3 - GROUND OVERVOLTAGE
… 4 - PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE

Voltage Reset

0 - VOLTAGE RESET 0 - PH. UV RESET

1 - PHASE OVERVOLTAGE 1 - PH OV RESET
2 - NEG. SEQ. OVERVOLT. 2 - GND OV RESET
3 - GROUND OVERVOLTAGE 0 - NEGSEQ OV RESET
4 - PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE

Phase Overvoltage

0 - VOLTAGE RESET 0 - UNIT 1 0 - PH. OV ENABLE

1 - PHASE OVERVOLTAGE 1 - UNIT 2 1 - VOLTAGE TYPE
2 - NEG. SEQ. OVERVOLT. 2 - UNIT 3 2 - PH. OV PICKUP
3 - GROUND OVERVOLTAGE 3 - PH. OV DELAY
4 - PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE 4 - OUTPUT LOGIC PH OV

Negative Sequence Overvoltage

0 - VOLTAGE RESET 0 - NEGSEQ OV ENBL

1 - PHASE OVERVOLTAGE 1 - NEGSEQ OV PICKUP
2 - NEG. SEQ. OVERVOLT. 2 - NEGSEQ OV TIMER
3 - GROUND OVERVOLTAGE
4 - PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE

Ground Overvoltage

0 - VOLTAGE RESET 0 - UNIT 1 0 - GND OV ENABLE

1 - PHASE OVERVOLTAGE 1 - UNIT 2 1 - GND OV PICKUP
2 - NEG. SEQ. OVERVOLT. 2 - GND OV DELAY
3 - GROUND OVERVOLTAGE
4 - PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE

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 3.4 Voltage Elements

Phase Undervoltage

0 - VOLTAGE RESET 0 - UNIT 1 0 - PH. UV ENABLE

1 - PHASE OVERVOLTAGE 1 - UNIT 2 1 - VOLTAGE TYPE
2 - NEG. SEQ. OVERVOLT. 2 - UNIT 3 2 - PH. UV PICKUP
3 - GROUND OVERVOLTAGE 3 - PH. UV DELAY
4 - PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE 4 - OUTPUT LOGIC PH UV

3.4.5 Digital Inputs of the Voltage Modules

Table 3.4-1: Digital Inputs of the Voltage Modules

Name Description Function
INBLK_UV1_PH Phase undervoltage element 1 block input
INBLK_UV2_PH Phase undervoltage element 2 block input
INBLK_UV3_PH Phase undervoltage element 3 block input
INBLK_OV_PH1 Phase overvoltage element 1 block input Activation of the input before
the trip is generated prevents
INBLK_OV_PH2 Phase overvoltage element 2 block input
the element from operating. If
INBLK_OV_PH3 Phase overvoltage element 3 block input activated after the trip, it resets.
INBLK_OV_N1 Ground overvoltage element 1 block input
INBLK_OV_N2 Ground overvoltage element 2 block input
INBLK_OV_NS Neg. sequence overvoltage element block input
ENBL_UV_PH1 Phase undervoltage element 1 enable input
ENBL_UV_PH2 Phase undervoltage element 2 enable input Activation of this input puts the
ENBL_UV_PH3 Phase undervoltage element 3 enable input unit into service. It can be
ENBL_OV_PH1 Phase overvoltage element 1 enable input assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_OV_PH2 Phase overvoltage element 2 enable input
from the communications
ENBL_OV_PH3 Phase overvoltage element 3 enable input protocol or from the HMI. The
ENBL_OV_N1 Ground overvoltage element 1 enable input default value of this logic input
ENBL_OV_N2 Ground overvoltage element 2 enable input signal is a “1.”
ENBL_OV_NS Neg. sequence overvoltage element enable input

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.4.6 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Voltage Modules

Table 3.4-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Voltage Modules

Name Description Function
PU_IUV1_A Phase A undervoltage element 1 pickup
PU_IUV2_A Phase A undervoltage element 2 pickup
PU_IUV3_A Phase A undervoltage element 3 pickup
PU_IUV1_B Phase B undervoltage element 1 pickup
PU_IUV2_B Phase B undervoltage element 2 pickup
PU_IUV3_B Phase B undervoltage element 3 pickup
PU_IUV1_C Phase C undervoltage element 1 pickup
PU_IUV2_C Phase C undervoltage element 2 pickup
PU_IUV3_C Phase C undervoltage element 3 pickup
PU_IUV1_3PH Three-phase undervoltage element 1 pickup
PU_IUV2_3PH Three-phase undervoltage element 2 pickup
PU_IUV3_3PH Three-phase undervoltage element 3 pickup Pickup of the undervoltage and
PU_OV1_A Phase A overvoltage element 1 pickup overvoltage elements and start
of the time count. Three-phase
PU_OV2_A Phase A overvoltage element 2 pickup
pickups are those that are
PU_OV3_A Phase A overvoltage element 3 pickup generated after the chosen
PU_OV1_B Phase B overvoltage element 1 pickup AND or OR algorithm.
PU_OV2_B Phase B overvoltage element 2 pickup
PU_OV3_B Phase B overvoltage element 3 pickup
PU_OV1_C Phase C overvoltage element 1 pickup
PU_OV2_C Phase C overvoltage element 2 pickup
PU_OV3_C Phase C overvoltage element 3 pickup
PU_OV1_N Ground overvoltage element 1 pickup
PU_OV2_N Ground overvoltage element 2 pickup
PU_OV_NS Negative sequence overvoltage element pickup
PU_OV1_3PH Three-phase overvoltage element 1 pickup
PU_OV2_3PH Three-phase overvoltage element 2 pickup
PU_OV3_3PH Three-phase overvoltage element 3 pickup
TRIP_UV1_A Phase A undervoltage element 1 trip
TRIP_UV2_A Phase A undervoltage element 2 trip
TRIP_UV3_A Phase A undervoltage element 3 trip
TRIP_UV1_B Phase B undervoltage element 1 trip
TRIP_UV2_B Phase B undervoltage element 2 trip
TRIP_UV3_B Phase B undervoltage element 3 trip
Trip of the undervoltage and
TRIP_UV1_C Phase C undervoltage element 1 trip overvoltage elements. The
TRIP_UV2_C Phase C undervoltage element 2 trip three-phase trips are those that
TRIP_UV3_C Phase C undervoltage element 3 trip are generated after the chosen
AND or OR algorithm.
TRIP_UV1_3PH Three-phase undervoltage element 1 trip
TRIP_UV2_3PH Three-phase undervoltage element 2 trip
TRIP_UV3_3PH Three-phase undervoltage element 3 trip
TRIP_OV1_A Phase A overvoltage element 1 trip
TRIP_OV2_A Phase A overvoltage element 2 trip
TRIP_OV3_A Phase A overvoltage element 3 trip

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 3.4 Voltage Elements

Table 3.4-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Voltage Modules

Name Description Function
TRIP_OV1_B Phase B overvoltage element 1 trip
TRIP_OV2_B Phase B overvoltage element 2 trip
TRIP_OV3_B Phase B overvoltage element 3 trip
TRIP_OV1_C Phase C overvoltage element 1 trip
TRIP_OV2_C Phase C overvoltage element 2 trip Trip of the undervoltage and
TRIP_OV3_C Phase C overvoltage element 3 trip overvoltage elements. The
three-phase trips are those that
TRIP_OV1_N Ground overvoltage element 1 trip are generated after the chosen
TRIP_OV2_N Ground overvoltage element 2 trip AND or OR algorithm.
TRIP_OV_S2 Negative sequence overvoltage element trip
TRIP_OV1_3PH Three-phase overvoltage element 1 trip
TRIP_OV2_3PH Three-phase overvoltage element 2 trip
TRIP_OV3_3PH Three-phase overvoltage element 3 trip
TRIP_UV1_3PHM Three-phase undervoltage element 1 masked trip
TRIP_UV2_3PHM Three-phase undervoltage element 2 masked trip
Trip of the undervoltage and
TRIP_UV3_3PHM Three-phase undervoltage element 3 masked trip
overvoltage elements affected
TRIP_OV1_NM Ground overvoltage element 1 masked trip by their corresponding mask.
TRIP_OV2_NM Ground overvoltage element 2 masked trip Three-phase trips are those
TRIP_OV_S2M Negative sequence overvoltage element masked that are generated after the
trip chosen AND or OR algorithm
and are the outputs that go to
TRIP_OV1_3PHM Three-phase overvoltage element 1 masked trip
the trip contacts.
TRIP_OV2_3PHM Three-phase overvoltage element 2 masked trip
TRIP_OV3_3PHM Three-phase overvoltage element 3 masked trip

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Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Table 3.4-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Voltage Modules

Name Description Function
INBLK_UV1_PH Phase undervoltage element 1 block input
INBLK_UV2_PH Phase undervoltage element 2 block input
INBLK_UV3_PH Phase undervoltage element 3 block input
INBLK_OV_PH1 Phase overvoltage element 1 block input
The same as for the digital
INBLK_OV_PH2 Phase overvoltage element 2 block input
inputs.
INBLK_OV_PH3 Phase overvoltage element 3 block input
INBLK_OV_N1 Ground overvoltage element 1 block input
INBLK_OV_N2 Ground overvoltage element 2 block input
INBLK_OV_NS Neg. sequence overvoltage element block input
ENBL_UV_PH1 Phase undervoltage element 1 enable input
ENBL_UV_PH2 Phase undervoltage element 2 enable input
ENBL_UV_PH3 Phase undervoltage element 3 enable input
ENBL_OV_PH1 Phase overvoltage element 1 enable input
The same as for the digital
ENBL_OV_PH2 Phase overvoltage element 2 enable input
inputs.
ENBL_OV_PH3 Phase overvoltage element 3 enable input
ENBL_OV_N1 Ground overvoltage element 1 enable input
ENBL_OV_N2 Ground overvoltage element 2 enable input
ENBL_OV_NS Neg. sequence overvoltage element enable input
UV_PH1_ENBLD Phase undervoltage element 1 enabled
UV_PH2_ENBLD Phase undervoltage element 2 enabled
UV_PH3_ENBLD Phase undervoltage element 3 enabled
OV_PH1_ENBLD Phase overvoltage element 1 enabled
The same as for the digital
OV_PH2_ENBLD Phase overvoltage element 2 enabled
inputs.
OV_PH3_ENBLD Phase overvoltage element 3 enabled
OV_N1_ENBLD Ground overvoltage element 1 enabled
OV_N2_ENBLD Ground overvoltage element 2 enabled
OV_NS_ENBLD Neg. sequence overvoltage element enabled

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 3.4 Voltage Elements

3.4.7 Voltage Elements Test

3.4.7.a Overvoltage Elements Test
#IRX models have three phase overvoltage units (59F1, 59F2 and 59F3), two ground units
(59N1 and 59N2 or 64_1 and 64_2) and a negative sequence unit (47). It is possible to select
between phase-ground or phase-phase voltage to set the pickups of the phase units.

Before testing the overvoltage unit, all the voltage units that are not being tested must be
disabled.
• Pickup and Reset
The desired pickup values for the relevant unit are set and their activation is checked by
operating any output configured for this purpose. This can also be verified by checking the
pickup flags of the menu, Information - Status - Units. This verification can also be made by
checking that the trip flag of this menu is activated if the unit trips.

Table 3.4-3: ·Pickup and Reset of the Overvoltage Elements

Setting of the unit Pickup Reset
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum
X
1.03 x X 0.97 x X (RST setting + 0.03) x X (RST setting - 0.03) x X

Where the value “RST setting” corresponds to the setting in per unit of the Unit Reset for the
overvoltage elements.
• Operating Times
Outputs C4-C5 and C6-C7are used to verify them. [See figure 3.4.4].
Fixed Time or Instantaneous
The pickup setting is increased 20%. Operating time should be the selected time setting ±1% or
±25 ms (whichever is greater). A setting of 0 ms will have an operating time between 20 and 25
ms.

3.4.7.b Undervoltage Elements Test

IRX models have three phase undervoltage units (27F1, 27F2 and 27F3) and it is possible to
select between phase-ground or phase-phase voltage to set the pickups of the units.

Before testing the undervoltage unit, all the voltage units that are not being tested must be
disabled.
• Pickup and Reset
The desired pickup values for the relevant unit are set and their activation is checked by
operating any output configured for this purpose. This can also be verified by checking the
pickup flags of the menu, Information - Status - Units. This verification can also be made by
checking that the trip flag of this menu is activated if the unit trips.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Table 3.4-4: Pickup and Reset of the Undervoltage Elements

Setting of the unit Pickup Reset
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum
X
1.03 x X 0.97 x X (RST setting + 0.03) x X (RST setting - 0.03) x X

Where the value “RST setting” is the setting in per unit of the Unit Reset for the undervoltage
elements.
• Operating Times
Outputs C4-C5 and C6-C7are used to verify them. [See figure 3.4.4].
Fixed Time or Instantaneous
The pickup setting is decreased 20%. Operating time should be the selected time setting ±1%
or ± 25 ms (whichever is greater). A setting of 0 ms will have an operating time between 20 and
25 ms.

Figure 3.4.4: Operating Time Test Setup.

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 3.5 Fault
Detector

3.5.1 Operating Principles................................................................................................. 3.5-2

3.5.1.a Detection of Increases in the Sequence Currents .............................................. 3.5-2
3.5.1.b Detection of Levels Exceeded in the Sequence Current .................................... 3.5-2
3.5.2 Digital Inputs and Events of the Fault Detector ....................................................... 3.5-4
3.5.3 Digital Outputs and Events of the Fault Detector .................................................... 3.5-4
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.5.1 Operating Principles

2IRX-B**-****D0** terminal units are provided with a Fault Detector to supervise element
operation. Operation of the Fault Detector is based on:

3.5.1.a Detection of Increases in the Sequence Currents

The conditions which activate the Fault Detector are the following:

• An increase in the effective value of the zero sequence current with respect to the value
of two cycles previously higher than 0.04*In A (ground fault indicative).
• An increase in the effective value of the negative sequence current with respect to the
two cycle value previously higher than 0.04*In A (phase fault indicative).
• A percentual increase in the effective value of the positive sequence current with
respect to the two-cycle value previously higher than 25% (indicative of any fault).

The activation of the Fault Detector based on previously mentioned increases will remain sealed
for the duration of two cycles, given that the comparison is made with magnitudes memorized
two cycles previously. Notwithstanding, an additional reset time of 30 ms is included.

3.5.1.b Detection of Levels Exceeded in the Sequence Current

The following are the conditions which activate the Fault Detector:

• Ground fault output activation originating from the phase selector.

• Two-phase fault output activation originating from the phase selector.

An open pole condition excludes the Ground Fault and Two Phase Fault signals from the fault
detector. Otherwise, this situation would activate the detector as long as the pole remains open.

The above algorithms further need at least one of the following conditions to be met:

• Positive sequence current above 0.02*In A.

• Zero sequence current above 0.05*In A.

Zero sequence threshold current supervision allows the fault detector to be operative upon
faults associated to mainly zero sequence current flow.

The activation of the fault detector generated by either of the two previously-mentioned
algorithms is kept sealed with the activation of any of the Overcurrent Units (PU_IOC_PHn,
PU_TOC_PHn, PU_IOC_Nn, PU_TOC_Nn, PU_IOC_NSn, PU_TOC_NSn, see overcurrent
units).

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 3.5 Fault Detector

The operation diagram of the fault detector unit is shown in Figures 3.5.1, 3.5.2 and 3.5.3.

Figure 3.5.1: Activation Logic of Phase Overcurrent Elements Used by the Fault Detector.

Figure 3.5.2: Activation Logic of Ground and Negative Sequence Overcurrent Elements
Used by the Fault Detector.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Figure 3.5.3: Fault Detector Block Diagram.

3.5.2 Digital Inputs and Events of the Fault Detector

The fault detector does not present any digital input, not even enable, remaining always in
operation.

3.5.3 Digital Outputs and Events of the Fault Detector

Table 3-5-1: Digital Outputs and Events of the Fault Detector

Name Description Function
FD Fault detector activated Detection of the existence of a
fault.

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 3.6 Frequency
Elements

3.6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3.6-2

3.6.2 Overfrequency Elements ......................................................................................... 3.6-3
3.6.3 Underfrequency Elements ....................................................................................... 3.6-3
3.6.4 Rate of Change Elements ........................................................................................ 3.6-4
3.6.5 Elements Blocking Logic .......................................................................................... 3.6-6
3.6.6 Undervoltage Element for Blocking ......................................................................... 3.6-6
3.6.7 Load Shedding Algorithm ........................................................................................ 3.6-6
3.6.8 Application of the Frequency Elements ................................................................... 3.6-7
3.6.9 Frequency Elements Settings .................................................................................. 3.6-9
3.6.10 Digital Inputs of the Frequency Modules ............................................................... 3.6-11
3.6.11 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Frequency Modules ...................................... 3.6-12
3.6.12 Frequency Elements Test ...................................................................................... 3.6-14
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.6.1 Introduction
IRX IEDs have the following frequency elements:

• Four Overfrequency elements (81M1, 81M2, 81M3 and 81M43).

• Four Underfrequency elements (81m1, 81m2, 81m3 and 81m4).
• Four Rate of Change elements (81D1, 81D2, 81D3 and 81D4).

The Underfrequency, Overfrequency and Rate of Change elements have their own settings for
each function and a set of settings common to all of them. The shared settings are:

• Inhibition Voltage. This setting checks that the voltage is above a set value. If so, it
allows the frequency elements to meter and to operate. Otherwise, it gives a frequency
value of zero and the frequency elements are inhibited.
• Activation half-waves. This is the number of half-waves that must meet the pick-up
conditions to activate such pick-up of the frequency units. This setting is used to filter
those transient frequency variations (duration of several half-waves) that can appear
when the frequency of the system changes and could accidentally activate the unit trip
• Reset cycles. This is the number of cycles during which there may not exist pick-up
conditions so that the frequency elements already picked up will reset (pick-up
deactivation). When the frequency elements have been picked up and have not yet
operated, the pick-up conditions may disappear during a brief instant (due to transient
frequency variations). This setting indicates how long these conditions may disappear
without resetting the element. For example, if the rate of change should be falling below -
0.5 Hz/s and during an instant it only goes down to -0.45 Hz/s; it may not be desirable
that the pick-up of the protection function reset if the time the pick-up condition
disappears is very short.
• Load shedding algorithm. There is an option to have the frequency elements 1 operate
in pairs, an Underfrequency or Rate of Change element with an Overfrequency element,
to perform a load shedding scheme. This operation mode permits 1 load shedding level.
For more than one level, programmable logic should be configured using the signals from
the rest of frequency units.
• Load Shedding Type. Either the Underfrequency or the Rate of Change element can be
selected to initiate the load shedding.

All the elements have a disabling counter. This counter, of approximately 50 milliseconds,
operates when, while the element is tripped, the function is deactivated either by the inhibition
voltage, by setting or because the breaker opens.

All the elements have a time module that can be set to instantaneous. It has the following
settings:

• Pickup
• Time

Figure 3.6.1 is the block diagram of one of the frequency elements.

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 3.6 Frequency Elements

Associated with the level detection block, there is a setting for the pickup value: if the element is
the Overfrequency element, and the value measured exceeds the setting value a given quantity,
the element picks up; if it is the Underfrequency element, it picks up whether or not the value
measured is less than the setting value a given quantity.

Activation of the pickup enables the timing function. This is done by applying increments on a
meter that picks up the element when it times out.

Figure 3.6.1: Block Diagram of a Frequency Element.

3.6.2 Overfrequency Elements

Overfrequency elements operate on the measured frequency value of input voltage VA or VAB.

Pickup occurs when the value measured coincides with or surpasses the pickup value (100% of
the setting) during a number of half-waves equal to or greater than the Activation Half-Waves
setting, and resets when the frequency falls below 10mHz of this setting for a time equal to or
greater than the Reset Time setting. This Reset Time setting indicates how long the fault
conditions must disappear after a fault for the trip to reset.

3.6.3 Underfrequency Elements

Underfrequency elements operate on the measured frequency value of input voltage VA or VAB.

Pickup occurs when the value measured coincides with or is below the pickup value (100% of
the setting) during a number of half-waves equal to or greater than the setting of Activation
Half-Waves, and resets when the frequency goes up above 10mHz of this setting for a time
equal to or greater than the Reset Time setting. The same as in the Overfrequency element,
this Reset Time setting indicates how long the fault conditions must disappear after a fault for
the trip to reset.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.6.4 Rate of Change Elements

Rate of Change elements operate on the measured frequency value of input voltage VA or VAB.

Apart from the rest of settings common to all frequency units (see “Introduction”), the algorithm
of these elements uses the following specific settings for the Rate of Change function (in
addition to the enabling permission of each of them):

• Frequency Pickup. Frequency value below which this magnitude must be to consider
the rate of its change.
• Rate of Change Pickup. Instantaneous value of the rate of change in respect of the time
for which the element is to pick up.
• Timing. Time during which the pick-up must remain for the element to activate.
• Reset Time. Time during which the unit pickup must keep deactivated to reset the unit
trip.

dF/dT value is calculated every time that the voltage analog input Va makes itself zero by
obtaining the variation of the frequency between the current value and the one available 5 half-
waves before.

The unit will pick-up only when the value of dF/dT is higher than the one set as Rate of Change
Pickup (setting value + 0.05Hz/s in absolute value) for a selected period of time equal to the
“Activation half-waves” setting value minus 7 half-waves. In detail, taking into account that the
relay requires 2 half-waves to calculate the frequency value accurately and 5 half-waves to
calculate the dF/dT value, the time period from the frequency variation to the pickup of the unit
is that called as “Activation half-waves”. If the value of the Activation Half-Waves setting is
less than 10 half-waves, then the Frequency Rate of Change unit will always consider a value
equal to 10. Refer to the example regarding the operation of the unit pick-up.

In the algorithm, the Rate of Change must be equal to or less than a given adjustable value
(frequency unit pickup) for a time equal to or greater than the Activation Half-Waves setting
before the rate of change is taken into account. This algorithm checks the frequency and the
rate of change of the frequency separately. For the element to operate, the pick-up conditions
must exist for both. See figure 3.6.2.

The figure below depicts the operation mode for the Rate of Change function:

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 3.6 Frequency Elements

Figure 3.6.2: Logic Diagram of a Rate of Change Element.

Example regarding the operation of the unit pickup:

Activation half-waves = 3
Frequency unit pickup = 49.8 Hz
dF/dT unit pickup = -1 Hz/s
Time delay = 0.1 s

Figure 3.6.3: Example Regarding the Operation of the unit Pickup.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.6.5 Elements Blocking Logic

Each of the Frequency elements has a Blocking Logic Input. Activating this input prevents the
activation of the output of the corresponding Frequency element, as shown in figure 3.6.1.

These logic input signals can be associated to the relay's status contact inputs by configuring
the input settings.

3.6.6 Undervoltage Element for Blocking

This element supervises the functioning of the Frequency elements, impeding their operation for
measured voltage below the set value.

The element picks up when the measured voltage value coincides with or is less than the
pickup value (100% of the setting), and resets with a value greater than or equal to 105% of the
setting, provided this condition is maintained for at least 10 consecutive cycles. These 10
verification cycles provide assurance that the voltage is stable.

In any case, the relay cannot measure frequency for voltage less than 2 volts. Therefore, in
these conditions, the Frequency and Phase Angle Measuring (Out-of-Step) elements do not
work.

3.6.7 Load Shedding Algorithm

As described in previous units, the frequency measurement is obtained from the input voltage
Va or Vab. The voltage is obtained from the side still having voltage after load shedding
(generally the busbar side). This way, after load shedding the device continues to measure
frequency in order to reconnect the load.

The IED provides a control function for performing 1 load shedding and reset step. Frequency
elements 1 can be set to operate in pairs, with Underfrequency 1 or Rate of Change 1 element
paired with the Overfrequency 1 element, to perform a load shedding and reset control function.

For more steps, it is necessary to use the programmable logic and configure it using the signals
generated by the rest of the Frequency elements. The reason for this is that the designed
control function takes into account the position of the breaker. If more steps are configured, the
user can choose to follow a similar operating scheme by requiring information about the position
of other breakers, or choose a completely different logic. The control function logic for frequency
elements 1 is described below:

Closure Command (CLOSE) and Open Command (OPEN) can be given as long as switching
permission (Mslr) are set to YES and the Frequency elements are not blocked (INBLK). The
operation of the Overfrequency element is conditioned by the prior operation of the
Underfrequency or Rate of Change element (TRIP_U) and the Open Breaker (IN_BKR) status,
as indicated in the logic diagram of figure 3.6.4.

The TRIP_U signal is not a logic output of the load shedding module nor does it generate an
event. To make it available, it must be generated in the programmable logic.

After the equipment generates the Closure Command, either because underfrequency has
existed or the rate of change has acted and the breaker has opened, it restores the condition of
another possible close.

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 3.6 Frequency Elements

If the Trip Circuit Supervision Failure (FAIL_SUPR) signal is activated having complied with all
the conditions that allow after an overfrequency the closure by load shedding element (IN_BKR
= 1 and TRIP_U = 1) is activated, when the close by load shedding element is activated its
close command will not be generated and the close command annulled (CCR) signal will be
activated.

Figure 3.6.4: Under/Overfrequency Load Shedding Algorithm Logic Diagram.

Note 1: Beginning with software version 2.65.0, both startup and activation of the maximum frequency unit are
conditioned by the previous action of the minimum frequency unit or derived from frequency (TRIP_U) and by
the status of the open breaker (IN_BKR), as indicated in the logic diagram of figure 3.6.4. The maximum
frequency unit resets when the frequency level complies with the reset conditions of the unit (point 3.6.2), or
when the TRIP_U signal is reset.

3.6.8 Application of the Frequency Elements

The frequency variations are caused by an incorrect balance between generation and load,
which is generally due to the following reasons:

• Division of the system into parts.

• Imbalance between load and generation due to lack of foresight or deficient
programming.
• Loss of generation, trip of busses or important interconnection lines.

Frequency is a reliable indicator of an overload condition. Any decrease in frequency is caused

by an excess load. With this condition, minimum frequency relays must be used to shed load
and thus balance generation with consumption and avoid a major collapse of the system. When
frequency recovers its rated value and the electricity system stabilizes, the loads that have been
shed are restored. This restoration operation is performed by the maximum frequency relay.

A decrease in frequency produces instability in the electricity system and can damage the
generators. The greatest danger, however, lies in steam turbines. Variations in the rotational
speed of the turbine produce vibrations and consequently the blades suffer mechanical fatigue.
Since this is cumulative deterioration, the problem will increase whenever the turbine is in an
underfrequency condition.

When the variation in the frequency is small, the imbalance can be corrected by regulating the
generators. With large frequency variations, however, the generator cannot correct it. As a
result, the frequency starts decreasing, risking a trip of the generation sets. If this frequency
drop is not corrected, an irreversible process begins and leads to a general blackout.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

In situations of strong generation deficit, the only way to restore balance is to selectively
disconnect loads. The loads are usually disconnected when the frequency has fallen below
fixed values to give the generation sets time to react to frequency drops with speed regulators.
When the frequency drop is very quick, this action is not effective enough. Loads have to be
disconnected according to the variation in the frequency in respect of time, that is, by basing
calculations and operation on the rate of change in respect of time.

Underfrequency relays are usually installed in substations and industrial plants that require a
load shedding system, where the loads are fed exclusively by local generation or by a
combination of its own generators and a transmission line derivation. In this second case [part
(A) of figure 3.6.5], if a fault occurs in the transmission line, the system's own generators will be
overloaded, and the frequency will drop quickly. This plant needs a fast load shedding system
controlled by frequency relays.

If the transmission line supplies more than one plant and is disconnected at a remote end [part
(B) of figure 3.6.5], the plant, with its own generation, is in a situation to supply power to the line
while its own frequency is decreasing. This power flow output can be avoided with protection
relays against power inversion but, unless the whole overload is eliminated, the frequency relay
must disconnect the lower priority local loads.

Independently of generation, frequency protections are also used in distribution substations that
require a load shedding system with a disconnection priority scale. Priorities are also taken into
account as frequency is recovered while restoring the loads.

Figure 3.6.5: Load Shedding System in an Industrial Plant.

3.6-8
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.6 Frequency Elements

3.6.9 Frequency Elements Settings

Common Settings
Setting Range Step By Default
Inhibit Voltage 2 - 150 V 1V 2V
Pickup Activation Timer 3 - 30 half cycles 1 half 6 half cycles
cycles
Reset Time 0 - 10 cycles 1 cycle 0 cycle
Load Shedding Enable YES / NO NO
Load Shedding Type 0 - Underfrequency 0 - Underfreq.
1 - Rate of Change

Overfrequency Elements 1, 2, 3 and 4

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Pickup 40 - 70 Hz 0.01 Hz 70 Hz
Time Delay 0.00 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s
Reset Time 0.00 - 300 s 0.01 s 2s

Underfrequency Elements 1, 2, 3 and 4

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Pickup 40 - 70 Hz 0.01 Hz 40 Hz
Time Delay 0.00 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s
Reset Time 0.00 - 300 s 0.01 s 2s

Frequency Rate of Change Elements 1, 2, 3 and 4

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Underfrequency Pickup 40 - 70 Hz 0.01 Hz 40 Hz
ROC Frequency Pickup (-0.5) - (-10.00) Hz/s 0.01 Hz/s -1 Hz/s
Time Delay 0.00 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s
Reset Time 0.00 - 300 s 0.01 s 2s

3.6-9
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

• Frequency Protection: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - VOLTAGE
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 2 - FREQUENCY
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 3 - BREAKER FAILURE
4 - INFORMATION ... …

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - INHIBIT VOLTAGE

1 - VOLTAGE 1 - PICK UP TIME
2 - FREQUENCY 2 - DROPOUT TIME
3 - BREAKER FAILURE 3 - LOAD SHEDD 1 ENBL
… 4 - LOAD SHEDDNG TYPE
5 - OVERFREQUENCY
6 - UNDERFREQUENCY
7 - FREQ RATEOFCHANGE

Overfrequency

0 - INHIBIT VOLTAGE 0 - UNIT 1 0 - OVERFREQ. ENABLE

1 - PICK UP TIME 1 - UNIT 2 1 - OVERFREQ. PICKUP
2 - DROPOUT TIME 2 - UNIT 3 2 - OVERFREQ. DELAY
3 - LOAD SHEDD 1 ENBL 3 - UNIT 4 3 - DROPOUT TIME
4 - LOAD SHEDDNG TYPE
5 - OVERFREQUENCY
6 - UNDERFREQUENCY
7 - FREQ RATEOFCHANGE

Underfrequency

0 - INHIBIT VOLTAGE 0 - UNIT 1 0 - UNDERFREQ. ENABLE

1 - PICK UP TIME 1 - UNIT 2 1 - UNDERFREQ. PICKUP
2 - DROPOUT TIME 2 - UNIT 3 2 - UNDERFREQ. DELAY
3 - LOAD SHEDD 1 ENBL 3 - UNIT 4 3 - DROPOUT TIME
4 - LOAD SHEDDNG TYPE
5 - OVERFREQUENCY
6 - UNDERFREQUENCY
7 - FREQ RATEOFCHANGE

Frequency Rate of Change

0 - INHIBIT VOLTAGE 0 - UNIT 1 0 - ROC FREQ. ENABLE

1 - PICK UP TIME 1 - UNIT 2 1 - UNDERFREC PICKUP
2 - DROPOUT TIME 2 - UNIT 3 2 - ROC FREQ. PICKUP
3 - LOAD SHEDD 1 ENBL 3 - UNIT 4 3 - ROC FREQ. DELAY
4 - LOAD SHEDDNG TYPE 4 - DROPOUT TIME
5 - OVERFREQUENCY
6 - UNDERFREQUENCY
7 - FREQ RATEOFCHANGE

3.6-10
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.6 Frequency Elements

3.6.10 Digital Inputs of the Frequency Modules

Table 3.6-1: Digital Inputs of the Frequency Modules

Name Description Function
IN_BLK_OF1 Overfrequency element 1 block input
IN_BLK_OF2 Overfrequency element 2 block input
IN_BLK_OF3 Overfrequency element 3 block input
IN_BLK_OF4 Overfrequency element 4 block input
IN_BLK_UF1 Underfrequency element 1 block input Activation of the input before
IN_BLK_UF2 Underfrequency element 2 block input the trip is generated prevents
IN_BLK_UF3 Underfrequency element 3 block input the element from operating. If
IN_BLK_UF4 Underfrequency element 4 block input activated after the trip, it resets.
IN_BLK_ROC1 Rate of Change element 1 block input
IN_BLK_ROC2 Rate of Change element 2 block input
IN_BLK_ROC3 Rate of Change element 3 block input
IN_BLK_ROC4 Rate of Change element 4 block input
ENBL_OF1 Overfrequency element 1 enable input
ENBL_OF2 Overfrequency element 2 enable input
ENBL_OF3 Overfrequency element 3 enable input
ENBL_OF4 Overfrequency element 4 enable input Activation of this input puts the
element into service. It can be
ENBL_UF1 Underfrequency element 1 enable input assigned to status contact
ENBL_UF2 Underfrequency element 2 enable input inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_UF3 Underfrequency element 3 enable input from the communications
ENBL_UF4 Underfrequency element 4 enable input protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
ENBL_ROC1 Rate of Change element 1 enable input signal is a “1.”
ENBL_ROC2 Rate of Change element 2 enable input
ENBL_ROC3 Rate of Change element 3 enable input
ENBL_ROC4 Rate of Change element 4 enable input

3.6-11
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.6.11 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Frequency Modules

Table 3.6-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Frequency Modules

Name Description Function
PU_OF1 Overfrequency element 1 pickup
PU_OF2 Overfrequency element 2 pickup
PU_OF3 Overfrequency element 3 pickup
PU_OF4 Overfrequency element 4 pickup
PU_UF1 Underfrequency element 1 pickup
PU_UF2 Underfrequency element 2 pickup Pickup of the Frequency
Elements and start of the time
PU_UF3 Underfrequency element 3 pickup count.
PU_UF4 Underfrequency element 4 pickup
PU_ROC1 Rate of Change element 1 pickup
PU_ROC2 Rate of Change element 2 pickup
PU_ROC3 Rate of Change element 3 pickup
PU_ROC4 Rate of Change element 4 pickup
TRIP_OF1 Overfrequency element 1 trip
TRIP_OF2 Overfrequency element 2 trip
TRIP_OF3 Overfrequency element 3 trip
TRIP_OF4 Overfrequency element 4 trip
TRIP_UF1 Underfrequency element 1 trip
TRIP_UF2 Underfrequency element 2 trip Trip of the Frequency
TRIP_UF3 Underfrequency element 3 trip Elements.
TRIP_UF4 Underfrequency element 4 trip
TRIP_ROC1 Rate of Change element 1 trip
TRIP_ROC2 Rate of Change element 2 trip
TRIP_ROC3 Rate of Change element 3 trip
TRIP_ROC4 Rate of Change element 4 trip
Close of the overfrequency
CLS_LS1 Close of Load Shedding element 1 element 1 when it is configured
for load shedding.
TRIP_OF1M Overfrequency element 1 masked trip
TRIP_OF2M Overfrequency element 2 masked trip
TRIP_OF3M Overfrequency element 3 masked trip
TRIP_OF4M Overfrequency element 4 masked trip
TRIP_UF1M Underfrequency element 1 masked trip
TRIP_UF2M Underfrequency element 2 masked trip Trip of the frequency elements
affected by their corresponding
TRIP_UF3M Underfrequency element 3 masked trip trip masks.
TRIP_UF4M Underfrequency element 4 masked trip
TRIP_ROC1M Rate of Change element 1 masked trip
TRIP_ROC2M Rate of Change element 2 masked trip
TRIP_ROC3M Rate of Change element 3 masked trip
TRIP_ROC4M Rate of Change element 4 masked trip

3.6-12
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.6 Frequency Elements

Table 3.6-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Frequency Modules

Name Description Function
Close of the overfrequency
element 1 when it is configured
CLS_LS1M Masked close of Load Shedding element 1
for load shedding affected by
their corresponding mask.
IN_BLK_OF1 Overfrequency element 1 block input
IN_BLK_OF2 Overfrequency element 2 block input
IN_BLK_OF3 Overfrequency element 3 block input
IN_BLK_OF4 Overfrequency element 4 block input
IN_BLK_UF1 Underfrequency element 1 block input
IN_BLK_UF2 Underfrequency element 2 block input The same as for the Digital
IN_BLK_UF3 Underfrequency element 3 block input Inputs.
IN_BLK_UF4 Underfrequency element 4 block input
IN_BLK_ROC1 Rate of Change element 1 block input
IN_BLK_ROC2 Rate of Change element 2 block input
IN_BLK_ROC3 Rate of Change element 3 block input
IN_BLK_ROC4 Rate of Change element 4 block input
ENBL_OF1 Overfrequency element 1 enable input
ENBL_OF2 Overfrequency element 2 enable input
ENBL_OF3 Overfrequency element 3 enable input
ENBL_OF4 Overfrequency element 4 enable input
ENBL_UF1 Underfrequency element 1 enable input
ENBL_UF2 Underfrequency element 2 enable input The same as for the Digital
ENBL_UF3 Underfrequency element 3 enable input Inputs.
ENBL_UF4 Underfrequency element 4 enable input
ENBL_ROC1 Rate of Change element 1 enable input
ENBL_ROC2 Rate of Change element 2 enable input
ENBL_ROC3 Rate of Change element 3 enable input
ENBL_ROC4 Rate of Change element 4 enable input
OF1_ENBLD Overfrequency element 1 enabled
OF2_ENBLD Overfrequency element 2 enabled
OF3_ENBLD Overfrequency element 3 enabled
OF4_ENBLD Overfrequency element 4 enabled
UF1_ENBLD Underfrequency element 1 enabled
UF2_ENBLD Underfrequency element 2 enabled Enable or disable status
indication of the frequency
UF3_ENBLD Underfrequency element 3 enabled elements.
UF4_ENBLD Underfrequency element 4 enabled
ROC1_ENBLD Rate of Change element 1 enabled
ROC2_ENBLD Rate of Change element 2 enabled
ROC3_ENBLD Rate of Change element 3 enabled
ROC4_ENBLD Rate of Change element 4 enabled
Blocking of Frequency and
BLK_MIN_V Minimum voltage block Phase Angle Measuring
elements.

3.6-13
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.6.12 Frequency Elements Test

Before testing these elements, the voltage elements that are not being tested must be disabled.
• Pickup and Reset of the Overfrequency and Underfrequency Elements
Depending on the settings of the Frequency elements (Overfrequency / Underfrequency), the
pickups and resets must be within the margins indicated in tables 3.6-3 and 3.6-4 for their rated
voltage.

Table 3.6-3: Pickup and Reset of the Overfrequency Elements

Setting Pickup Reset
ΦA_MIN ΦA_MAX ΦR_MIN ΦR_MAX
XHz
X - 0.005Hz X + 0.005Hz (X - 0.01Hz) + 0.005Hz (X – 0.01Hz) - 0.005Hz

Table 3.6-4: Pickup and Reset of the Underfrequency Elements

Setting Pickup Reset
ΦA_MIN ΦA_MAX ΦR_MIN ΦR_MAX
XHz
X + 0.005Hz X - 0.005Hz (X + 0.01Hz) - 0.005Hz (X + 0.01Hz) + 0.005Hz

• Voltage Reset
The Frequency elements must reset within the margin indicated in table 3.6-5 for set voltage
value X.

Table 3.6-5: ·Voltage Reset

Setting Pickup Reset
MAX MIN MAX MIN
X
1.03 x X 0.97 x X 1.08 x X 1.02 x X

• Operating Times
They are verified with trip outputs C1-C2.

To measure times, the voltage generator must be able to generate an up or down frequency
ramp depending on the element to be tested as well as to provide an output to initiate a
chronometer when it gets to the pickup frequency.

Operating times for a setting of Xs must be between (1.01 × X – 0.99 × X) or between (X +

20ms – X - 20ms). If the setting is 0, the operating time will be close to 60 ms.

In operating times, it is important how the frequency ramp is generated and when the
chronometer starts. The frequency value of the signal generated should be very close to the
threshold to test and generate the broadest step possible.

Without a frequency ramp generator, only the Overfrequency element can be tested. Going
from no voltage applied to applying voltage above the disable and the Overfrequency settings
will yield a time value somewhat greater than with a frequency ramp.

3.6-14
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.6 Frequency Elements

• Pickup and Reset of the Rate of Change Elements

The Rate of Change elements are configured with the following operation values:

81D1 Element: 0.5 Hz/s

81D2 Element: 0.7 Hz/s
81D3 Element: 0.9 Hz/s
81D4 Element: 1 Hz/s

They are all set to the same frequency value.

Frequency ramps are generated below the set frequency value and each ramp must operate
with a margin of error not greater than 0.05 Hz/s.

3.6-15
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.6-16
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.7 Breaker Failure
Unit

3.7.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3.7-2

3.7.2 Breaker Failure Settings .......................................................................................... 3.7-4
3.7.3 Digital Inputs of the Breaker Failure Module ........................................................... 3.7-5
3.7.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Breaker Failure Module .................................. 3.7-6
3.7.5 Breaker Failure Unit Test ......................................................................................... 3.7-6
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.7.1 Introduction
The Breaker Failure unit detects malfunctions following trip commands and generates a signal
to trip other breakers to clear the fault. The operation of this function is outlined in the block
diagram of figure 3.7.1.

A trip command generated by the IED's internal protection elements (TRIP) or an external
protection device (EXT_TRIP) activates the breaker failure initiate signal (I_BF).

When the I_BF signal is

activated and current is
still detected by the unit
(P_CUR signal), starts
the counter for the
breaker failure time delay
(T_BF). If T_BF times
out before I_BF resets,
indicating that the initial
breaker failure conditions
are no longer present, or
P_CUR resets, indicating
that the unit no longer
detects current, the
OUT_BF output will
activate.

Figure 3.7.1: Block Diagram of the Breaker Failure Function.

The reset of either of the signals, I_BF or P_CUR, will immediately reset the timer, impeding the
generation of the OUT_BF signal.

3.7-2
BIRX0905A
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.7 Breaker Failure Unit

Figure 3.7.2: Block Diagram of the Breaker Failure Function (2IRX-B**-****D0** Models).

2IRX-B**-****D0** relays include retrip function. In these, signal PU_BF not only starts timer
T_BF but also starts timer T_RETRIP. Once this last timer times out, signal RETRIP activates
aiming at issuing a new trip command to the failed breaker before generating a Breaker Failure
command (OUT_BF). Obviously, the retrip time setting must be less than the breaker failure
time. 2IRX-B**-****D0** relays include, also, detection of breaker failure with no phase
overcurrent. Trip signals, whether from the same relay or external relay, which would produce
the initiation of the breaker failure, can be activated without the pickup of the phase current
detection elements. This situation can take place, in general, upon any type of disturbance
tripped by elements independent from the measured current, such as voltage elements,
frequency elements, transformer own protection elements etc. In this case, breaker failure
detection is made based on breaker contact position: when logic input No Load Breaker
Failure Initiation (IN_BF_NLOAD) activates, the breaker remaining closed, the timer
T_BF_NLOAD will start. When said timer times out, signal OUT_BF activates. The No Load
Breaker Failure Input can be configured with the trip of the transformer own protection
elements, frequency elements, voltage elements, etc. The pickup of the no load breaker failure
element also causes a breaker to retrip (see figure 3.7.2).

Signal P_CUR will be activated while the value of any current is above the pick-up level set for
any of the phases or ground currents. The most important characteristic of these current
detectors is their fast reset time to stop the timer as soon as the breaker has opened and made
the current disappear, not allowing the erroneous activation of OUT_BF. The operating principle
is based not only on the measurement of the RMS value but on the measurement of
instantaneous values. This last principle significantly reduces the reset time.

In order to detect as fast as possible that the current value is going down to zero, the device will
not check the RMS value but will check if at least 3 instantaneous and consecutive sampled
values are under the phases and ground breaker failure pick-up value. If reset time would be
too long there would be high risk of non-stopping duly on time the counter and then cause false
trips on other circuit breakers different from the one on the faulty circuit, even when the current
went to zero.

3.7-3
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

To be able to use the external operation signal (EXT_TRIP) as part of this function, you must
program one of the IED's status contact inputs to be connected to this signal. Otherwise, the
EXT_TRIP signal will default to a logic "0".

The same applies to the No Load Breaker Failure Initiation Input (IN_BF_NLOAD). Likewise,
the external use of the logic output of Breaker Failure (OUT_BF) requires programming the
connection between it and one of the auxiliary contact outputs.

3.7.2 Breaker Failure Settings

Breaker Failure Unit

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Phase Pickup (0.02 - 2) In 0.01 A 0.10 A
Ground Pickup (0.02 - 2) In 0.01 A 0.10 A
Time Delay 0.00 - 2.00 s 0.01 s 0s

Breaker Failure Unit. 2IRX-B**-*******D0** Models

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Phase Pickup (0.02 - 2) In 0.01 A 0.05 In
Ground Pickup (0.02 - 2) In 0.01 A 0.05 In
Breaker Failure Time Delay 0.00 - 2.00 s 0.01 s 0s
Retrip Delay 0.00 - 2.00 s 0.01 s 0s
No load Breaker Failure Delay 0.00 - 2.00 s 0.01 s 0s

• Breaker Failure: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - VOLTAGE
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 2 - FREQUENCY
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 3 - BREAKER FAILURE
4 - INFORMATION ... …

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - BF ENABLE
1 - VOLTAGE 1 - BF PHASE PICKUP
2 - FREQUENCY 2 - BF GROUND PICKUP
3 - BREAKER FAILURE 3 - BF DELAY
…

3.7-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.7 Breaker Failure Unit

2IRX-B**-*******D0** MODELS
0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT
1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - VOLTAGE
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 2 - FREQUENCY
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 3 - BREAKER FAILURE
4 - INFORMATION ... …

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - BF ENABLE
1 - VOLTAGE 1 - BF PHASE PICKUP
2 - FREQUENCY 2 - BF GROUND PICKUP
3 - BREAKER FAILURE 3 - BF DELAY
… 4 - RETRIP DELAY
5 - NO LOAD BF TIME

3.7.3 Digital Inputs of the Breaker Failure Module

Table 3.7-1: Digital Inputs of the Breaker Failure Module

Name Description Function
Activation of this input puts the
unit into service. It can be
assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_BF Breaker Failure unit enable input
from the communications
protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”
Activation of this input indicates
to the Breaker Failure unit that
an external protection has an
EXT_TRIP External protection trip active trip and in case enough
current is available, it has to
start counting the breaker
failure time
The activation of this input
initiates the no load or no
overcurrent breaker failure. The
No load breaker failure initiation input winding 1 timer of this breaker failure will
IN_BF_NLD
(2IRX-B**-*******D0**) only start when said input
activates, and the applicable
breaker contacts indicate it is
closed.

3.7-5
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.7.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Breaker Failure Module

Table 3.7-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Breaker Failure Module
Name Description Function
Signal for alarm or trip initiation
OUT_BF Output of breaker failure operation
of other breakers.
The same as for the digital
ENBL_BF Breaker Failure unit enable input
inputs.
Indication of enabled or
BF_ENBLD Breaker Failure unit enabled
disabled status of the unit.
The same as for the digital
EXT_TRIP External protection trip
inputs.
RETRIP Retrip (2IRX-B**-*******D0**) Breaker retrip output

3.7.5 Breaker Failure Unit Test

To test this unit, one of the auxiliary contact outputs is configured for the Breaker Failure
function. All the units are disabled except the phase and neutral instantaneous overcurrent and
breaker failure units.

The phase and neutral instantaneous overcurrent pickups are set to 0.5 A and their time delay
to zero. The reset levels of the breaker failure units are set to the desired current reset and
operating time values. A trip is provoked by applying a 1 A current phase to neutral and
maintaining the current after the phase and neutral units trip. The breaker failure element will
operate in a period of time between ±1% and ±20 ms of the set value. To verify the operation of
this unit, an auxiliary output is configured as Breaker Failure.

The current is gradually reduced until the breaker failure unit reaches a stable reset. This must
occur for a value between ±1% of the set value.

3.7-6
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.8 Open Phase
Detector

3.8.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3.8-2

3.8.2 Application of the Open Phase Detector ................................................................. 3.8-2
3.8.3 Open Phase Detector Settings ................................................................................ 3.8-3
3.8.4 Digital Inputs of the Open Phase Module ................................................................ 3.8-3
3.8.5 Auxiliary Outputs of the Open Phase Module .......................................................... 3.8-4
3.8.6 Open Phase Detector Test ...................................................................................... 3.8-4
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.8.1 Introduction
The purpose of the open phase element is to detect unbalance of the phases of the protected
line. It functions by measuring the negative sequence content of the circulating current. Both the
negative sequence (I2) and the positive sequence (I1) are calculated to obtain their ratio (I2/I1).
The element picks up when this ratio exceeds the set pickup value. Figure 3.8.1 is the block
diagram of this element.

Figure 3.8.1: Block Diagram of the Open Phase Detector.

Once picked up, the element acts if the pickup is maintained for a period of time equal to or
greater than the set value.

The operation of this function is conditioned to the position of the breaker and to the level of the
positive sequence current: if the breaker is open or the positive sequence current is below the
Positive Sequence Sensitivity setting, the element will be disabled. In addition, the function is
annulled when any one of the phase or ground time or instantaneous elements picks up.

Pickup occurs when the value measured exceeds 1.02 times the pickup setting and resets at
0.97 times the pickup setting.

3.8.2 Application of the Open Phase Detector

The function of the open phase element is to detect a fallen or broken conductor. It uses the
ratio between the negative sequence current, I2, and the positive sequence current, I1. When
the load is normal and balanced, this ratio is zero or very low, but when a severe load fault
occurs, an imbalance raises this ratio.

To avoid trips or pickups with no load or very low loads, this function is inhibited when the
positive sequence current I1 value is below the Positive Sequence Sensitivity setting.

To avoid trips in situations in which, for example, the current of one phase is interrupted before
the rest—which derives in a calculation of negative sequence current (normal behavior)—the
recommendation is to establish a minimum time setting of, for example, 100 ms or more,
depending on the common imbalances anticipated on the grid, to distinguish these situations
from those of a fallen conductor.

3.8-2
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.8 Open Phase Unit

3.8.3 Open Phase Detector Settings

Open Phase Detector

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Pickup (0.05 - 0.4) I2 / I1 (*) 0.01 0.05 I2 / I1
Wait Time 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 0.05 s
Min. Load Open Phase (0.02 - 1) In 0.01 A 0.50 A

(*) I2 = negative sequence current

I1 = positive sequence current

• Open Phase Detector: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - VOLTAGE
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER ...
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 5 - OPEN PHASE DETECTOR
4 - INFORMATION ... …

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - OPEN PHASE ENABLE

1 - VOLTAGE 1 - OPEN PHASE PU
... 2 - OPEN PHASE WAIT TIME
5 - OPEN PHASE DETECTOR 3 - MIN. LOAD OPEN PHASE
…

3.8.4 Digital Inputs of the Open Phase Module

Table 3.8-1: Digital Inputs of the Open Phase Module

Name Description Function
Activation of this input puts the
element into service. It can be
assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_OPH Open Phase Detector enable input
from the communications
protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”

3.8-3
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.8.5 Auxiliary Outputs of the Open Phase Module

Table 3.8-2: Auxiliary Outputs of the Open Phase Module

Name Description Function
Pickup of the element and start
PU_OPH Open Phase Detector pickup
of the time count.
TRIP_OPH Open Phase Detector trip Trip of the element.
Trip of the element affected by
ENBL_OPH Open Phase Detector masked trip
its trip mask.
The same as for the digital
OPH_ENBLD Open Phase Detector enable input
inputs.
Indication of enabled or
PU_OPH Open Phase Detector enabled
disabled status of the element.

3.8.6 Open Phase Detector Test

After putting all the phase and ground elements out of service, this two-current system is
applied:

Ia = 1/0º and Ib = 1/60º (it is understood that these angles are inductive).

After setting the element to 0.2 I2/I1, it must not be picked up. After increasing the phase B
current, the element must pick up (the pickup flag at "1") with a current value in phase B
between 1.493 Aac and 1.348 Aac.

With the trip time set to 10 s, a current of 2 A / 60º in phase B is applied. A trip must be initiated
between 10.1 s and 9.9 s. Also the trip contacts must close.

In model IRX, the unit is set to 0.2 I2/I1 and the Minimum load in the line to 1.2 A. Applying Ia
= 1/0º and Ib = 2/60º, the unit should not operate. If, under the same conditions, the Minimum
Load in the Line is set to 0.8 A, the unit should pick up.

3.8-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.9 Residual Current
Element

3.9.1 Description ............................................................................................................... 3.9-2

3.9.2 Residual Current Element Settings.......................................................................... 3.9-3
3.9.3 Digital Inputs of the Residual Current Module ......................................................... 3.9-4
3.9.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Residual Current Module ............................... 3.9-4
3.9.5 Residual Current Element Test................................................................................ 3.9-4
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.9.1 Description
Zero sequence (residual) current elements detect, eventually tripping, sustained residual
currents or unbalanced situations with presence of zero sequence currents lower than the
setting value for ground fault detection. Figure 3.9.1 shows the block diagram for this function.

Figure 3.9.1: Block Diagram of Residual Current Detection Element.

The measured current for this function comes from the same input used for ground fault
detection, namely, the neutral. When the current exceeds the setting value, element pickup
signal (PU_RES) is enabled and a trip signal TRIP_RES is sent provided pickup condition
remains for a time period equal to or higher than the setting value.

Function is disabled when any of phase or ground instantaneous or time overcurrent elements
pickup.

Pickup takes place when mean value exceeds 1.05 times the setting value and resets at 1 time
the setting value.

3.9-2
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.9 Residual Current Element

3.9.2 Residual Current Element Settings

Residual Current Element

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Pickup (0.02 - 10) In 0.01 A 0.10 A
Delay 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 0.05 s

• Residual Current Element: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION ...
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 4 - RESID. CURRENT DET.
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC …
4 - INFORMATION ...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - RESID. CURRENT ENA.

... 1 - RESID. CURRENT PU
4 - RESID. CURRENT DET. 2 - RESID. CURR. DELAY
…

3.9-3
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.9.3 Digital Inputs of the Residual Current Module

Table 3.9-1: Digital Inputs of the Residual Current Module

Name Description Function
Activation of this input puts the
element into service. It can be
assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_RES Residual Current detector enable input
from the communications
protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”

3.9.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Residual Current Module

Table 3.9-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Residual Current Module
Name Description Function
Pickup of the element and start
PU_RES Residual Current detector pickup
of the time count.
TRIP_RES Residual Current detector trip Element trip.
Trip of the element affected by
TRIP_RESM Residual Current detector masked trip
its trip mask.
The same as for the digital
ENBL_RES Residual Current detector enable input
inputs.
Indication of enabled or
RES_ENBLD Residual Current detector enabled
disabled status of the element.

3.9.5 Residual Current Element Test

Check that element picks up (pickup flag to "1") for a given (X) setting when a current between
(X x 1.08 - X x 1.02) is applied to the neutral input; for low ranges, pickup interval can be
extended to ±5mA. Apply a current 2 X and check that trip occurs before a time period between
(Y x 1.01 - Y x 0.99) or Y ±20ms, where Y is element timer setting.

3.9-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.10 Synchronism
Unit

3.10.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.10-2

3.10.2 Voltage Difference Element ................................................................................... 3.10-4
3.10.3 Phase Difference Element ..................................................................................... 3.10-4
3.10.4 Frequency Difference Element .............................................................................. 3.10-4
3.10.5 Voltage Element of Sides A and B......................................................................... 3.10-4
3.10.6 Selection of Type of Synchronism ......................................................................... 3.10-5
3.10.7 Application of the Synchronism Function .............................................................. 3.10-5
3.10.8 Synchronism Unit Settings ..................................................................................... 3.10-6
3.10.9 Digital Inputs of the Synchronism Module ............................................................. 3.10-7
3.10.10 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Synchronism Module .................................... 3.10-8
3.10.11 Synchronism Unit Test ........................................................................................... 3.10-9
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.10.1 Description
IRX IEDs have a Synchronism check unit to verify whether the conditions on both sides of the
breaker are favorable to closing it (either by reclosure or by manual reset) and that there will be
no oscillations.

The functioning of the Synchronism unit is based, on one hand, on comparing the module,
phase and/or frequency of the voltages on Side A (Va Channel Meter) and Side B (Vsinc,
Synchronous Channel Meter) to check if the two voltages are the same. On the other hand,
the element can detect synchronism according to the energization on both sides of the breaker,
that is, in terms of the possible combinations of presence/absence of voltage on sides A and B.

The voltage on Side A, which is used to determine the existence or not of synchronism, is that
of phase A or AB if using phase-phase voltages. Whether one or the other is used is determined
by the VT Number setting, which indicates whether three phase-ground voltage transformers or
two phase-phase voltage transformers are being used. This voltage is always necessary to be
able to calculate the system frequency on side A of the breaker.

The voltage on Side B can be phase A, B or C, or phase-phase voltages AB, BC or CA,

depending on the situation of the transformer for voltage measurement. To compare this voltage
with that of Side A, the Side B Voltage setting must be properly configured.

Since there can be line-to-neutral and between-phase voltages on both sides and both types
can even be combined, one on each side, the voltages measured are internally standardized to
make them comparable in magnitude as well as in angle. The criterion for the magnitude is
to standardize the values measured considering that the voltages are simple on both
sides. The criterion for the angle is to compensate angles according to the values in table 3.10-
1. For both cases, the phase to neutral voltages VA are used internally by the unit to check if
both sides of the Switch are Synchronized.

The magnitudes are standardized and the angles are compensated according to the following
settings:

• VT Number: With the set point at 3, the voltages on Side A are phase-to-neutral (phase-
ground). The magnitude measured by the first voltage channel is VA. With the set point at
2, the voltages on Side A are phase-to-phase voltages (phase-phase). In this case, the
measurement of the first voltage channel (VAB) is used to calculate the VA vector. The
unit uses this (calculated) value for calculations. The set point does not affect the voltage
on Side B.
• Compensation Factor for Voltage on Side B (KLB). Considering as the reference
voltage the one on Side A, the voltage on Side B has to be duly compensated by
multiplying it by KLB so that both voltages can be considered for the “voltage difference”
criteria when checking the synchronism conditions.

Factor KLB will be calculated as:

Vnominal
VA in SIDE_A
K LB =
VnominalVSYNC in SIDE_B

• Side B Voltage. This is to set the voltage to be considered for Side B of the CB and to
calculate the angle compensation to be applied. It is not intended to be used to
standardize modules.

3.10-2
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.10 Synchronism Unit

The functioning of the Synchronism unit also takes into account the system's type of rotation
(ABC or ACB). The appropriate angle compensations depend on the Phase Sequence
(ABC/ACB) setting.

For example, if the Side A voltage is phase A and that of Side B is phase B, for an ABC
system, the angle compensation will be 120º; if the system rotation is ACB, the compensation
will be 240º. Table 3.10-1 lists all the angle compensation possibilities:

Table 3.10-1: Angle compensation (Phase Sequence)

Side A Side B Voltage Setting ABC Sequence ACB Sequence
VA VA +0º +0º
VA VB +120º +240º
VA VC +240º +120º
VA VAB +330º +30º
VA VBC +90º +270º
VA VCA +210º +150º
VAB VA +0º +0º
VAB VB +120º +240º
VAB VC +240º +120º
VAB VAB +330º +30º
VAB VBC +90º +270º
VAB VCA +210º +150º

All the angles indicated refer to VA.

See the block diagram of the Synchronism unit in figure 3.10.1.

Figure 3.10.1: Block Diagram of the Synchronism Unit.

Note: the diagram shows that, if a permission value is 0 (element disabled), the input of the AND gate
corresponding to this element will be at 1 as if this element were picked up. Therefore, if all the elements are
disabled, the synchronism unit will be activated (unless it is blocked externally).

Note: the diagram shows that, if the Side A overvoltage element and/or the Side B overvoltage element are
reset, the inputs to the AND gate corresponding to the voltage difference, angle difference and frequency
difference elements are always at 1.

3.10-3
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

The Synchronism unit output (SYNC_CALC) can be blocked with the Synchronism Check
Block (IN_BLK_SYNC) digital input.

The Synchronism unit is comprised of four elements (voltage elements of sides A and B,
voltage, phase and frequency difference elements). Each has an Enable setting. Details of its
operation are explained next.

3.10.2 Voltage Difference Element

This element picks up when the voltage difference between the signals of sides A and B is less
than or equal to the set value (in percentage), and resets when the ratio between the voltages
of sides A and B is equal to or greater than 105% of the set value.

Once standardized, their difference is stored in absolute value: VsideA − VsideB = Dif_V

The pickup value is determined as follows: Dif_V ≤ GreaterSide * Setting/100 . Where

VgreaterSide is the greater of the voltages read (side A or side B).

3.10.3 Phase Difference Element

This element picks up when the phase displacement between the signals of sides A and B is
less than or equal to the setting and resets when the phase displacement angle is greater than
105% of the set value or greater than the set value +2º.

The angles of the signals of sides A and B used are values already compensated according to
table 3.10-1.

3.10.4 Frequency Difference Element

This element picks up when the frequency difference between the signals of sides A and B is
less than the pickup (100% of the setting), and resets when this difference is greater than the
setting + 0.01 Hz.

3.10.5 Voltage Element of Sides A and B

This element is comprised of two overvoltage elements (for sides A and B respectively). Each
overvoltage element picks up when the RMS value of the input voltage exceeds 100% of the
pickup value (set value) and resets when it is below 95% of this value. The voltages used are
values standardized as line-to-neutral voltages.

The Voltage Element of Sides A and B has two outputs that indicate the presence of voltage on
each of the sides.

These outputs are generated whether they have been selected or not with the Energization
setting, whose only function is to set the combinations to detect synchronism.

3.10-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.10 Synchronism Unit

3.10.6 Selection of Type of Synchronism

The Recloser as well as the Command logic (for closing operations of the breaker) use the
SYNC_R signal, which indicates the presence or absence of synchronism prior to resetting the
breaker.

This information can be supplied to the IRX by the output of the IED's own synchronism unit or
by the digital input of External Synchronism (SYNC_EXT signal). The setting that determines
the origin of the synchronization signal is the Type of Synchronism setting, as follows:

• If this setting takes the value of Calculated, synchronization signal SYNC_R will take the
value of the IED's synchronism unit output (SYNC_CALC).
• If this setting takes the value of External, synchronization signal SYNC_R will take the
value of the digital input of External Synchronism (SYNC_EXT).

3.10.7 Application of the Synchronism Function

The synchronism function is used to monitor the connection of the two parts of the circuit by the
reset of a breaker. It verifies that the voltages on both sides of the breaker (VSIDE A and VSIDE B)
are within the magnitude, angle and frequency limits established in the settings.

Verification of synchronism is defined as the comparison of the voltage difference of two circuits
with different sources to be joined through an impedance (transmission line, feeder, etc.), or
connected with parallel circuits of defined impedances. The voltages on both sides of a breaker
are compared before executing its reset so as to minimize possible internal damage due to the
voltage difference in phase, as well as magnitude and angle. This is very important in steam-
powered power plants where the reclosings of the output lines with considerable angle
differences can cause very serious damage to the shaft of the turbine.

The difference in voltage level and phase angle at a given point in time is the result of the load
existing between remote sources connected through parallel circuits (load flow). It is also a
consequence of the impedance of the elements that join them (even when there is no load flow
in the parallel circuits or because the sources to connect to each other are totally independent
and isolated from each other).

In meshed systems, the angle difference between two ends of an open breaker is not normally
significant since their sources are joined remotely by other elements (equivalent or parallel
circuits). Nevertheless, in isolated circuits, as in the case of an independent generator, the
angle difference, the voltage levels and the relative phase shift of the voltage phasors can be
very considerable. The relative phase shift of their voltages can even be very small or null in
such a way that they will be in phase very infrequently. Due to the changing conditions of an
electricity system (connection-disconnection of loads, sources and new inductive-capacitive
elements) the relative phase shift of one phasor in respect of the other is not null, making
synchronization necessary.

In the first case, although the length of the line whose ends (sources) will be connected to
determine the angle difference between them should be considered, this is not sufficient to set
the synchronism conditions before closing the breaker. Experience indicates that the angle
difference window between voltage phasors must be set to 15º-20º.

3.10-5
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.10.8 Synchronism Unit Settings

Synchronism Unit
Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Type of Sync 0: External 0: External
1: Internal
Bus Voltage Selection VA / VB / VC / VA
VAB / VBC / VCA
Compensation Factor for Voltage on Side B (KLB) 0.1 - 4 0.01 1
Voltage Supervision Enable YES / NO NO
Line Voltage Pickup 0 - 200 V 1V 20 V
Bus Voltage Pickup 0 - 200 V 1V 20 V
Energization Mask
D BUS / D LINE YES / NO NO
H BUS / D LINE YES / NO YES
D BUS / H LINE YES / NO NO
H BUS / H LINE YES / NO YES
Voltage Difference Enable YES / NO NO
Maximum Voltage Difference 2 % - 30 % 1% 2%
2% - 80 % (2IRX-***-****D0**)
Phase Difference Enable YES / NO NO
Maximum Phase Difference 2 - 80º 1º 2º
Frequency Difference Enable YES / NO NO
Maximum Frequency Difference 0.005 - 2.00Hz 0.01 0.01 Hz
Hz
Synchrocheck Output Delay 0.00 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s

3.10-6
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.10 Synchronism Unit

• Synchronism Unit: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION ...
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 7 - SYNCROCHECK
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC ...
4 - INFORMATION ...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - SYNC ENABLE

... 1 - TYPE OF SYNC
7 - SYNCROCHECK 2 - BUSBAR SELECTION
… 3 - BUS VOLT. COMPENS.
4 - VOLTAGE SUPRV ENBL
5 - SIDE A VOLT. PU
6 - SIDE B VOLT. PU
7 - ENERGIZATION MASK
8 - VOLT. DIFF. ENABLE
9 - MAX. VOLTAGE DIFF.
10 - PHASE DIFF. ENABLE
11 - MAX. PHASE DIFF.
12 - FREQ. DIFF. ENABLE
13 - MAX. FREQ. DIFF.
14 - SYNC DELAY

3.10.9 Digital Inputs of the Synchronism Module

Table 3.10-2: Digital Inputs of the Synchronism Module

Name Description Function
Activation of the input blocks
the activation of the
IN_BLK_SYNC Close synchronism block input
synchronism unit output
(calculated synchronism).
Activation of this input puts the
element into service. It can be
assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_SYNC Close synchronism enable input
from the communications
protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”
Activation of the input is
necessary to permit the
recloser to generate a close
SYNC_EXT External synchronism command if the supervision by
synchronism setting is enabled
and the synchronism mode
chosen is “external.”

3.10-7
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.10.10 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Synchronism Module

Table 3.10-3: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Synchronism Module

Name Description Function
The same as for the digital
IN_BLK_SYNC Close synchronism block input
input.
The synchronism unit
determines that there are close
P_SYNC_DPH Permission to close by phase difference
conditions by the phase
difference criterion.
The synchronism unit
determines that there are close
P_SYNC_DPH Permission to close by frequency difference
conditions by the frequency
difference criterion.
The synchronism unit
determines that there are close
P_SYNC_DV Permission to close by voltage difference
conditions by the voltage
difference criterion.
The synchronism unit
determines that there are close
P_SYNC_EL Permission to close by energization on the sides conditions by the criterion of
presence/absence of voltages
on sides A and B.
It is the signal that the recloser
receives to monitor the close by
synchronism. Its activation
indicates that there is
SYNC_R Close by synchronism enabled
permission, and depending on
how the selector is set, it will be
external or calculated
synchronism.
The same as for the digital
ENBL_SYNC Close synchronism enable input
input.
Indication of enabled or
SYNC_ENBLD Close synchronism enabled
disabled status of the unit.
It indicates presence of voltage
V_SIDE_A Voltage on side A
on side A.
It indicates presence of voltage
V_SIDE_B Voltage on side B
on side B.
The same as for the digital
SYNC_EXT External synchronism
input.

If, while the Enable setting is YES, the four bits of the Energization Mask
are set to NO, the Voltage Element is deactivated and, consequently, the
Synchronism Unit. Therefore, if you want to disable the Voltage Element of
Sides A and B, set that element's permission to NO and not the four bits of
the Energization Mask.

3.10-8
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.10 Synchronism Unit

3.10.11 Synchronism Unit Test

To verify this unit, first the protection Table 3.10-4: Configuration of the Outputs
units are disabled. Then, the system is Logic signal Description of logic signal
prepared to measure the time between SYNC_CALC Activation of the synchronism unit
the injection of the voltage and the
Side A Voltage Voltage on side A detected
activation of the synchronism unit.
Lastly, the signals indicated in table Side B Voltage Voltage on side B detected
3.10-4 are checked.
• Voltage Elements Test
Disable the Voltage Difference, Phase Difference and Frequency Difference elements. The
Synchronism Unit is set as follows:

Synchronism enable YES

Type of synchronism 1: Internal
Side B voltage 1: VB
KLB Factor 1

Voltage Supervisory Elements

Enable YES
Side A detection pickup 25 V
Side B detection pickup 25 V
Energizing masks
No voltage side A; No voltage side B NO
No voltage side A; Voltage side B YES
Voltage side A; No voltage side B YES
Voltage side A; Voltage side B NO

Voltage Difference Element

Enable YES
Maximum voltage difference 10%

Phase Difference Element

Enable YES
Maximum voltage difference 20º

3.10-9
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Frequency Difference Element

Enable YES / NO
Maximum voltage difference 0.20Hz
Synchronism output time delay 0.00s

Pickups
Three tests are run. They correspond to three different pickup settings.

A voltage of 15 Vac and phase 0º is applied to phase A and of 65 Vac and phase 0º to the
voltage channel of side B. The Synchronism unit must activate.

Afterwards, phase A voltage is gradually increased until the Synchronism unit is deactivated.
The voltage at which it is deactivated must be in the range corresponding to the pickup setting
for which this test is performed. The voltage ranges are listed in Table 3.10-5.

Table 3.10-5: Voltage Supervisory Elements Test (Pickups)

Pickup Setting (V) Pickup value (V) Reset value (V)
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
25 24.25 25.75 23.04 24.46
45 43.65 46.35 41.47 44.03
60 58.20 61.80 55.29 58.71

The reset must be instantaneous and a voltage included in the range of table 3.10-5
corresponding to the setting used.
• Voltage Difference Element Test
The Voltage Difference element is enabled and the Voltage, Phase Difference and Frequency
Difference elements are disabled.
Pickups
Three tests are run. They correspond to three different pickup settings.

A voltage of 30 Vac and phase 0º is applied to phase A and of 65 Vac and phase 0º to the
voltage channel of side B. All the outputs must deactivate.

Afterwards, phase A voltage is gradually increased until the Synchronism unit activates and
remains stable. The voltage at which it is enabled must be in the range corresponding to the
pickup setting for which this test is performed. The voltage ranges are listed in Table 3.10-6.

The reset must be instantaneous and a voltage included in the range of Table 3.10-6
corresponding to the setting used.

Table 3.10-6: Voltage Difference Element Test (Pickups)

Pickup Setting Pickup value (V) Reset value (V)
(p.u.) Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
10% 56.75 60.26 56.42 59.92
20% 50.44 53.56 49.81 52.89
30% 44.14 46.87 43.19 45.87

3.10-10
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.10 Synchronism Unit

• Phase Difference Element Test

The Phase Difference element is enabled and the Voltage, Voltage Difference and Frequency
Difference elements are disabled.
Pickups
Three tests are run. They correspond to three different pickup settings.

A voltage of 65 Vac and phase 50º is applied to phase A and 65 Vac and phase 0º to the
voltage channel of side B.

Afterwards, phase A voltage is gradually decreased until the Synchronism unit activates and
remains stable. The angle at which it is enabled must be in the range corresponding to the
pickup setting for which this test is performed. The angle ranges are listed in table 3.10-7.

The reset must be instantaneous and a voltage included in the range of Table 3.10-7
corresponding to the setting used.

Table 3.10-7: Phase Difference Element Test (Pickups)

Pickup Setting (º) Pickup value (º) Reset value (º)
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
20 19 21 21 23
30 29 31 31 33
40 39 41 41 43

• Frequency Difference Element Test

The Frequency Difference element is enabled and the rest are disabled.
Pickups
Three tests are run. They correspond to three different pickup settings.

A voltage of 65 Vac, phase 0º and 53 Hz frequency is applied to phase A and of 65 Vac, phase
0º and 50 Hz frequency to the voltage channel of side B. All the outputs must deactivate.

Afterwards, phase A voltage frequency is gradually decreased until the Synchronism unit
activates and remains stable. The frequency difference for which it activates must be within the
range specified in Table 3.10-8.

The reset will be instantaneous and for a frequency difference within the range specified in
Table 3.10-8.

Table 3.10-8: Frequency Difference Element Test (Pickups)

Pickup Setting Pickup difference (Hz) Reset difference (Hz)
(Hz) Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
0.20 0.19 0.21 0.20 0.22
1.00 0.97 1.03 0.98 1.04
2.00 1.94 2.06 1.95 2.07

3.10-11
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

• Time Delay Test

Three tests are run for three different time settings (0.10 s, 1 s and 10 s).

The system is prepared to measure the time between the injection of the voltage and the reset
of the Synchronism unit contact.

Only the Voltage Difference element is enabled between sides A and B.

A voltage of 65 V and 0º is applied to phase A and to the voltage channel of side B. The
Synchronism unit must activate within the margin of ±1% of the setting or ±20 ms.

3.10-12
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.11 Out of Step
Element

3.11.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.11-2

3.11.2 Measuring principle ................................................................................................ 3.11-2
3.11.3 Logic of Out of Step Measurement Element .......................................................... 3.11-3
3.11.4 Out-of-Step Element Settings ................................................................................ 3.11-5
3.11.5 Digital Inputs of the Out of Step Module ................................................................ 3.11-5
3.11.6 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Out of Step Module ...................................... 3.11-6
3.11.7 Out of Step Element Test ...................................................................................... 3.11-6
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.11.1 Description
Out of Step elements aim at quick disconnecting synchronous generators working in parallel
with the system when a system disturbance occurs: failure in the system proper or short system
voltage outage

Out of Step protection detects anomalies much sooner than other types of protection, such as
voltage or frequency protection. Operate magnitudes for these protection elements are modified
by the disturbance in times that can reach hundreds of milliseconds, due to both system
electrical inertia and generator set mechanics.

3.11.2 Measuring principle

Out of Step measuring principle allows detecting the disturbance within the cycle in which it is
produced, resulting into disconnection times of less than 100ms, including breaker operating
time.

The operation of a synchronous generator is such that a phase difference between terminal
voltage (V1) and rotor electromotive force (Eg) exists; the generated current (I1) and thus the
supplied power, are a function of this phase difference.

Figure 3.11.1 concisely represents a

generator equivalent circuit and the
relationship between the electrical
magnitudes involved. Figure 3.11.2
represents voltage magnitudes
involved and their phase angle
relationship.

Figure 3.11.1: Generator Equivalent Circuit.

When system disturbance occurs,

current changes abruptly to I2,
whereas voltage keeps its value for a
longer time period due to electrical
and mechanical inertia. As the
relationship between the electrical
magnitudes shown in figure 3.11.1 do
not change, a change in the current
results into a change in the voltage
(V2) phase angle with respect to rotor
electromotive force.

As a result of the above, a phase

difference exists between generator
terminal voltage before and after the
disturbance:

ΔΦ = Φ 2 − Φ1
Figure 3.11.2: Circuit Magnitudes.

3.11-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.11 Out of Step Element

This change in phasor angle or magnitude is only present during the system cycle in which the
disturbance occurs, as later cycles keep the new F2 phase angle with respect to the rotor
electromotive force.

Representing the above by means of voltage waveforms, as shown in figure 3.11.3, will
contribute to explain how the disturbance is detected.

Figure 3.11.3: Voltage Waveform Representation.

The duration of the half cycle in which the disturbance occurs will be different from previous and
later cycles, the difference of which is proportional to ΔΦ phase variation that can therefore be
used as measurement characteristic magnitude.

Relay detects zero crossings: the time lapse between two consecutive zero crossings is
measured and the difference between values obtained for two consecutive half periods of same
voltage sign is calculated. In the figure, the time difference Δt that makes the element to operate
is obtained by the difference in duration of half cycles (1) and (3).

3.11.3 Logic of Out of Step Measurement Element

Out of Step element operation logic is shown in figure 3.11.4 below:

Figure 3.11.4: Block Diagram of Out of Step Element.

3.11-3
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Input magnitude used is A-phase voltage or AB voltage if phase-to-phase voltage is used. The
value of Δt is calculated from input voltage zero crossings; Δt is compared with Detector setting
value. Setting is introduced in terms of degrees and relay obtains from said value in degrees the
equivalent time value:

1000
Δt (ms ) = ΔΦ ⋅
360 ⋅ F

where F represents the frequency of system voltage in Hz.

The operation of these elements is conditioned to the breaker position; if breaker is open the
element is disabled.
• Undervoltage Blocking
Detector operation is supervised by the minimum voltage blocking function, so that output will
not take place until A-phase or AB voltage input is below the blocking voltage setting value.

When it comes to set the detector operate threshold value, attention shall be paid to whether
the measured voltage is phase-to-neutral (VA) or phase-to-phase (VAB). There is only a single
setting, with a range ample enough to cover both cases.

Detector output is supervised by the settable timer output (T_PH_ANG), the aim of which is
blocking the element, for a settable time, after the application of the measured voltage.

Detector output is a temporary signal that, as mentioned above, disappears in the following half
cycle. A settable timer (TR) guarantees a minimum duration of the trip output.
• Element Blocking
An input connected to any of the programmable digital inputs can be used to block element
operation.

3.11-4
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 3.11 Out of Step Element

3.11.4 Out-of-Step Element Settings

Out-of-Step Element
Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Pickup 1 - 25° 1° 1°
UV Blocking Time 0.05 - 30 s 0.01 s 0.05 s
Trip Hold Timer 0.1 - 300 s 0.01 s 0.1 s

• Out-of-Step Element: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION ...
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 13 - OUT OF STEP
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC ...
4 - INFORMATION ...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - OUT OF STEP ENABLE

... 1 - OUT OF STEP PU
13 - OUT OF STEP 2 - BLOCKING TIME
… 3 - TRIP DURATION

3.11.5 Digital Inputs of the Out of Step Module

Table 3.11-1: Digital Inputs of the Out of Step Module

Name Description Function
Activation of input before trip is
generated blocks element
IN_BLK_OOS Out of Step blocking input
operation. If activated after,
element resets.
Activation of this input puts the
element into service. It can be
assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_OOS Out of Step enable input
from the communications
protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”

3.11-5
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.11.6 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Out of Step Module

Table 3.11-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Out of Step Module
Name Description Function
Out of Step element trip (not
TRIP_OOS Out of Step trip
affected by its trip mask)
Out of Step element trip
TRIP_OOSM Out of Step element masked trip
(affected by its trip mask)
BL_TEMP_OOS Temporary Out of Step blocking Out of Step element blocking
Frequency and out of step
BLK_MIN_V Minimum voltage blocking
element blocking
The same as for the digital
IN_BLK_OOS Out of Step blocking input
inputs.
The same as for the digital
ENBL_OOS Out of Step enable input
inputs.
Indication of enabled or
OOS_ENBLD Out of Step enabled
disabled status of the unit.

3.11.7 Out of Step Element Test

Set Out of Step element settings as follows:

Pickup 10º
Reset time 5s
Temporary blocking 3s
Blocking voltage 50 V
Frequency 50 Hz

Proceed to disable all elements except the Out of Step element.

Temporary Blocking signal will be active. Apply a voltage of 65 V at rated frequency. Check
that Temporary Blocking signal drops in a time period between 2.97 and 3.03 s.

Change the input voltage frequency in 5 Hz so that the frequency change takes place just at
zero crossing. Check that element output activates during a time period between 4.95 and 5.05
s.

Disconnect measurement voltage.

3.11-6
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.12 Thermal
Image Unit

3.12.1 Operating Principles............................................................................................... 3.12-2

3.12.2 Applying the Thermal Image Function ................................................................... 3.12-6
3.12.3 Thermal Image Unit Settings ................................................................................. 3.12-6
3.12.4 Digital Inputs of the Thermal Image Module .......................................................... 3.12-7
3.12.5 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Thermal Image Module ................................ 3.12-8
3.12.6 Thermal Image Unit Test ....................................................................................... 3.12-8
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.12.1 Operating Principles

Thermal relays, which directly measure the temperatures of the machine to be protected, have
very serious problems in accomplishing their function in more sensitive areas (windings), having
to take measurements in nearby areas (oil, insulators, etc.). This indirect measurement involves
drawbacks because the points where the direct temperature measurements are made belong to
elements with significant thermal inertia. Therefore, indirect measurement requires the use of
thermal units with algorithms that require experimental studies of the element to be protected,
which generally are unavailable.

For this reason, instead of using thermal relays, thermal image protections are commonly used.
Using mathematical algorithms based on the material’s physics, they estimate the temperature
of the machine to be protected using the currents that flow through the machine.

It is assumed that when machine overloads occur, the main cause for deterioration is the
thermal phenomenon; possible dynamic effects are not considered.

IRX protection terminals have a Thermal Image protection unit that estimates the thermal state
by measuring the current flow and resolving the thermal differential equation in order to
generate a trip when high temperature levels are reached.

The algorithms are based on modeling the heating of a resistive element when running an
electric current through it. The effect of radiation is not considered (since the impact is
considered negligible given the temperatures reached by the elements to be protected, less
than 400 ºC), nor are heat dissipation sources other than that deriving from the Joule effect.

Cooling of the equipment is also simulated if the current value returns to the rated range after a
relatively short overload period.

The Thermal Image unit does not have a threshold at which pickup starts: it is always “picked
up”. The trip time depends on the current flowing from a given instant up to when the
temperature limit is reached and the temperature value at a specific instant. The prior
temperature depends on what has happened before, the measured current and the time
applied.

The differential equation that controls any thermal phenomenon is the following:

dθ
I 2 =θ +τ ⋅
dt
Where:
I: Is the RMS value of the measured current.
τ: Is the time constant. Adjustable parameter.
Imax: Value of the maximum admissible sustained current. Adjustable parameter.

3.12-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.12 Thermal Image Unit

The time constant is

represented by τ and it
represents the time
needed for a body that
will go from an initial
temperature θ0 to a final
temperature θ∞ to reach
63% of the temperature
increase necessary for
θ∞; that is, the time it will
take to reach the
intermediate temperature
θi starting from θ0, where:

θi = θ0 + (θ∞ - θ0) * 0.63

Figure 3.12.1: Time Constant (Thermal Image).

Temperature values (θ) are always stored in case there is a failure in the IED's power supply.
There is a Thermal Memory setting that you can set to YES so that the initial temperature
value will be the stored one whenever the IED is reinitialized.

This unit is prepared to protect lines, motors and transformers from overheating. A setting is
selected to indicate which of these types are to be protected.

For lines, the measuring current used is the sum of the square of phase A. It has two time
constants, one for heating (while there is current) and one for cooling (when the positive
sequence current is under 0.1 amperes).

For motors, the measuring current used is the sum of the square of the positive sequence and
the square of the negative sequence. This last value is multiplied by a scaling factor. It has two
time constants, one for motor stopped (when the positive sequence is under 0.15 times the
maximum current) and another for motor running (when the positive sequence is above 0.30
times the maximum current).

For transformers, the measuring current used is the square of the current flowing through a
winding determined by setting. It has two time constants, one for being ventilated and the other
for not being ventilated. A digital input changes from one to the other. The default time constant
is "with ventilation." To change it, the change-of-constant input must be configured. Activating
this input changes the constant to "without ventilation."

The thermal image unit estimates the thermal state in each case (line/motor/transformer) and,
when it reaches the level equivalent to that obtained by the constant flow of Imax, it provides a
trip output.

In addition to the trip level, the unit has an adjustable alarm level.

3.12-3
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

The thermal state is estimated thus:

• The initial value is θ = 0 or θ ≠ 0, depending on the initial thermal state.

• The thermal image unit is activated every 500 milliseconds. Each time, it subtracts the θ
value of the preceding sample from the current value squared:
A= I^2 - θ
• The value obtained is divided by the time constant and multiplied by 500 milliseconds.
B = A * (0.5 sec / τ (in sec)
• This value is added to the preceding θ to obtain the current
θ=θ+B

The value of θ is calculated as a % of the maximum value.

The Thermal Image Trip output is activated when the corresponding θ value reaches the value:

θTRIP = Imax2

The Thermal Image Trip signal resets when θ descends below:

θRST_TRIP = θTRIP * Connection_PermissionSetting (%) / 100

The Thermal Image Alarm output is activated when the θ value reaches the value:

θALARM = θTRIP * AlarmSetting(%) / 100

The Thermal Image Alarm signal resets when θ descends below:

θRST_ALARM = 0.95 * θALARM

After applying a current I and starting with a current value of zero, the trip time is:
I2
t = τ ⋅ Ln
I 2 − I max2

If you start with a preliminary Ip current level, the operating time is:

2
I2 − Ip
t = τ ⋅ Ln 2
I 2 − I max

3.12-4
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.12 Thermal Image Unit

Figure 3.12.2: Operating Time Curves of the Thermal Image Unit.

3.12-5
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.12.2 Applying the Thermal Image Function

On most occasions, electric system faults generate currents higher than the rated current of the
system’s elements. In these cases the thermal effects can quickly produce damages.

The protections that are regularly used in these cases use overcurrent, causing trips both
instantly and after a timed sequence using inverse “current / time” characteristics or set fixed
times. However, in some applications, this protection system presents certain limitations.

An example might be a system with two transformers set in parallel powering the same bus,
each of them running at loads below the rated load. If one of the transformers is out of service,
the other transformer steps in and takes on the full load, very likely running at a load above its
rated load.

With an overcurrent protection it can be disconnected in a very short period of time even when
power transformers are designed to run with excess loads for several minutes without suffering
any damage. During this period of time, there is no possibility of performing any action to reset
the situation.

Given its operating principle, the Thermal Image unit is highly indicated in these types of
situations. In general, it can be said that this function is complementary to other protection types
for cables or all kinds of machines (transformers, generators, etc.).

3.12.3 Thermal Image Unit Settings

Thermal Image Unit

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Type of Magnitude (*) Fundamental / RMS Fundamental
Type of Device 0: Lines 0: Lines
1: Motor
2: Transformer
Constant ζ1 0.5 - 300 min 0.01 min 0.5 min
Line Heating
Xfmer Fan On
Motor On
Constant ζ2 0.5 - 300 min 0.01 min 0.5 min
Line Cooling
Xfmer Fan Off
Motor Off
Max. Operating Current (0.20 - 2.5) In 0.01A 5.00 A
Alarm Level 50 - 100 % 1% 50 %
Reset Threshold 50 - 90 % 1% 80 %
Motor Scaling Factor 1 - 10 1 1
Thermal Memory Enable YES / NO NO

(*) In the models 2IRX-B **-**** B *** there exists a setting that allows to select that the unit of Thermal Image
operates, based on the fundamental value of the intensity or based on the RMS value.

3.12-6
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.12 Thermal Image Unit

• Thermal Image Unit: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION ...
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 8 - THERMAL IMAGE
3 - MODIFICAR AJUSTES 3 - LOGIC ...
4 - INFORMATION ...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - THERMAL IMG. ENA

... 1 - TYPE OF DEVICE
8 - THERMAL IMAGE 2 - CONSTANT 1
… 3 - CONSTANT 2
4 - MAX. SUST. CURR.
5 - ALARM LEVEL
6 - RESET THRESHOLD
7 - MOTOR CONSTANT
8 - THERMAL MEMORY

3.12.4 Digital Inputs of the Thermal Image Module

Table 3.12-1: Digital Inputs of the Thermal Image Module

Name Description Function
Its activation changes the
C_CONST_T Change thermal constant constant in the thermal image
unit.
Its activation resets the
RST_MEM_T Thermal Image reset input
memorized value.
Activation of the input before
the trip is generated prevents
IN_BLK_THERM Thermal Image blocking input
the element from operating. If
activated after the trip, it resets.
Activation of this input puts the
unit into service. It can be
assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_THERM Thermal Image enable input
from the communications
protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”

3.12-7
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.12.5 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Thermal Image Module

Table 3.12-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Thermal Image Module
Name Description Function
The same as for the digital
C_CONST_T Change thermal constant
input.
The same as for the digital
RST_MEM_T Thermal Image reset input
input.
AL_THERM Thermal Image alarm Alarm of the unit.
TRIP_THERM Thermal Image trip Trip of the unit.
Trip of the unit affected by its
TRIP_THERMM Thermal Image masked trip
trip mask.
The same as for the digital
IN_BLK_THERM Thermal Image blocking input
input.
The same as for the digital
ENBL_THERM Thermal Image enable input
input.
Indication of enabled or
THERM_ENBLD Thermal Image enabled
disabled status of the unit.

3.12.6 Thermal Image Unit Test

Before performing this test, the protection should be turned off and then back on to reset the
thermal level. A current greater than the set maximum sustained current (Imax) is applied through
phase A. The trip time must be:

(I ± 1%) 2
t = τ ⋅ Ln 2
(I ± 1%) 2 − I max

where τ is the set time constant ζ1.

An example: a time constant without ventilation of 0.5 minutes and a maximum current of 5 A. A
current of 6 A is injected in phase A of the first winding. The time transpired until the unit trips
must be between 33.05 s and 38.18 s.

3.12-8
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.13 Directional Power
Elements

3.13.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.13-2

3.13.2 Directional Power Elements Settings..................................................................... 3.13-4
3.13.3 Digital Inputs of the Directional Power Elements Module ...................................... 3.13-5
3.13.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Power Elements Module ............ 3.13-5
3.13.5 Directional Power Element Test ............................................................................ 3.13-6
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.13.1 Description
Relays are provided with two Directional Power elements the operation of which is based on the
principle of finding three-phase power, which depends on the difference in phase angle between
phase current and corresponding phase voltage. Elements are designed for synchronous
machine applications or cogeneration interconnections, and can be used as protection against
power reversal or power limiting.

Both elements are provided with settable characteristic angles and minimum operating power,
and fit the following equation:

P * cosθ + Q * senθ > SMIN

Where

• P is measured active three

phase power.
• Q is measured reactive three
phase power.
• θ is characteristic angle
setting.
• SMIN is pickup power setting
(minimum operating power).

Figure 3.13.1: Directional Power Element Operation.

A great variety of operate characteristics is obtained by changing the angle setting and
introducing positive and negative operating power values. When the angle setting is neither 0º
nor multiple of 90º, elements are being applied as “directional apparent power elements”.

For example, to check for negative

active power (power reversal) angle
must be set to 180º and pickup to a
negative value.

Figure 3.13.2: Angle Setting 180º and Pickup Setting

Negative.

3.13-2
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.13 Directional Power Elements

To check for not excessively low

active power, angle must be set to
180º and pickup to a positive value.

Figure 3.13.3: Angle Setting 180º and Pickup Setting

Positive.

Other settings are:

Angle 0º and pickup positive

Figure 3.13.4: Angle Setting 0º and Pickup Setting Positive.

Angle 90º and pickup positive

Figure 3.13.5: Angle Setting 90º and Pickup Setting

Positive.

Power element characteristic angle allows:

• Elements to operate for active or reactive power in any direction

• Angular error compensation in CT and VT

3.13-3
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Pickup takes place when the measured value exceeds 1.00 time the power setting, and resets
at 0.95 times this value. When the measured RMS value goes down below the pickup setting a
quick integrator reset takes place. For the output to activate the pickup must be activated during
the entire integration time; any reset brings the integrator back to initial conditions, so that a new
operation initiates timing from zero. Time characteristic is a Fixed Time characteristic.

Operation of these elements is conditioned to breaker position; if breaker is open the element is
disabled.

3.13.2 Directional Power Elements Settings

Directional Power Elements (Elements 1 and 2)

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Angle 0.00 - 359.95º 0.05º 0º
Pick Up -16000 to 16000 VA 1 VA 0 VA
Time 0.00 - 300 s 0.01 s 0s

• Directional Power Elements: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION ...
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 9 - DIRECTIONAL POWER
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC ...
4 - INFORMATION ...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - UNIT 1 0 - DIR. POWER ENABLE

... 1 - UNIT 2 1 - DIR. POWER ANGLE
9 - DIRECTIONAL POWER 2 - DIR. POWER PU
… 3 - DIR. POWER TIME

3.13-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.13 Directional Power Elements

3.13.3 Digital Inputs of the Directional Power Elements Module

Table 3.13-1: Digital Inputs of the Directional Power Elements Module

Name Description Function
IN_BLK_DIRP1 Directional power blocking input 1 Input activation before trip
IN_BLK_DIRP2 Directional power blocking input 2 generation blocks element
operation. If activated after trip,
trip resets.
ENBL_DIRP1 Directional power enable input 1 Activation of this input puts the
ENBL_DIRP2 Directional power enable input 1 element into service. It can be
assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
from the communications
protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”

3.13.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Power Elements

Module

Table 3.13-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Power Elements Module
Name Description Function
PU_DIRP1 Directional Power element 1 pickup Pickup of power elements and
PU_DIRP2 Directional Power element 2 pickup timing start.
TRIP_DIRP1 Activation of Directional Power element 1
Trip of power elements.
TRIP_DIRP2 Activation of Directional Power element 2
TRIP_DIRP1M Power element 1 masked trip Trip of power elements affected
TRIP_DIRP2M Power element 2 masked trip by trip masks.
IN_BLK_DIRP1 Directional Power blocking input 1 The same as for the Digital
IN_BLK_DIRP2 Directional Power blocking input 2 Inputs.
ENBL_DIRP1 Directional Power enable input 1 The same as for the Digital
ENBL_DIRP2 Directional Power enable input 1 Inputs.
DIRP1_ENBLD Directional Power 1 enabled Indication of enabled or
DIRP2_ENBLD Directional Power 2 enabled disabled status of the element.

3.13-5
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.13.5 Directional Power Element Test

Set both elements to following settings:

Directional Power Element 1

Enable YES
Angle 0°
Element pickup 100 VA
Element timer 0s

Directional Power Element 2

Enable YES
Angle 90°
Element pickup 200 VA
Element timer 10s

• Pickup and Reset

Apply three identical phase current values and three also identical balanced phase voltages,
such that phase angle difference between currents and respective phase voltage is 0º.

Under these conditions, Directional Power Element 1 must pickup when exceeding the setting
value (100VA ± 3%) and reset when going down below 0.95 times the setting ± 3%.

Check that Directional Power Element 2 does not pickup.

Apply three identical phase current values and three also identical balanced phase voltages,
such that phase angle difference between currents and respective phase voltage is 90º.

Under these conditions Directional Power Element 2 must pickup when exceeding the setting
value (200VA ± 3%) and reset when going down below 0.95 times the setting ± 3%.

Check that Directional Power Element 1 does not pickup.

• Operating Times
Apply the currents and voltages stated in pickup and reset testing section and check that trip
occurs within the margin ±1% or ±20ms (whichever is greater) of the selected timer setting.
Bear in mind that operating time for a 0 ms setting will be between 20 and 25 ms.

3.13-6
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.14 Undercurrent
Element

3.14.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.14-2

3.14.2 Undercurrent Element Settings.............................................................................. 3.14-2
3.14.3 Digital Inputs of the Undercurrent Module ............................................................. 3.14-3
3.14.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Undercurrent Module ................................... 3.14-3
3.14.5 Undercurrent Element Test.................................................................................... 3.14-4
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.14.1 Description
This function is used in motor applications to detect a drop in current as a result of load
reduction, as is the case for pump motors. If current is below a setting value for a given time
while the motor is in operation, the element sends a trip signal.

Trip delay time setting value must be long enough to prevent ill-timed tripping as a result of
momentary drop in current.

For this function to start the breaker must be closed. Then, as a function of a setting, the
positive sequence current or phase currents (one logic OR of the three currents) are compared
with the pickup setting. The element picks up if current is less than the setting for a set time
period.

Pickup takes place when the measured value is below 0.98 times the setting, and resets at 1.05
times the setting value.

3.14.2 Undercurrent Element Settings

Undercurrent Element
Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Current Select 0: Direct 0: Direct
1: Phase Current
Pickup (0.02 - 2.00) In 0.01 A 0.25 A
Delay 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 0.05 s

• Undercurrent Element: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION ...
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 10 - UNDERCURRENT
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC ...
4 - INFORMATION ...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - UNDERCURRENT ENABLE

... 1 - CURRENT SELECT
10 - UNDERCURRENT 2 - UNDERCURR. PU
… 3 - UNDERCURRENT DELAY

3.14-2
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.14 Undercurrent Element

3.14.3 Digital Inputs of the Undercurrent Module

Table 3.14-1: Digital Inputs of the Undercurrent Module

Name Description Function
Activation of input before trip is
generated blocks element
IN_BLK_MIN_I Undercurrent Element blocking input
operation. If activated after,
element resets.
Activation of this input puts the
element into service. It can be
assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_MIN_I Undercurrent Element enable input
from the communications
protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”

3.14.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Undercurrent Module

Table 3.14-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Undercurrent Module

Name Description Function
Element pickup and timing
PU_MIN_I Undercurrent Element pickup
starts.
TRIP_MIN_I Undercurrent Element trip Undercurrent Element trip.
Undercurrent Element trip
TRIP_MIN_IM Undercurrent Element masked trip
affected by trip mask.
The same as for the Digital
IN_BLK_MIN_I Undercurrent Element blocking input
Inputs.
The same as for the Digital
ENBL_MIN_I Undercurrent Element enable input
Inputs.
Indication of enabled or
MIN_I_ENBLD Undercurrent Element enabled
disabled status of the element.

3.14-3
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.14.5 Undercurrent Element Test

Bring elements not tested out of operation and select phase current operation mode.
• Pickup and Reset
Apply current through three phase terminals.

Keep current through two phases above element pickup setting and lower the current of the
other phase. Check that, for settings in table 3.14-3, the pickup state flag of the Undercurrent
element sets to a permanent "1", when the current reaches a value between VA_MIN and
VA_MAX.

Table 3.14-3: Undercurrent Element Test (Pickup and Reset)

Undercurrent element pickup Undercurrent element reset
Setting VA_MIN VA_MAX VR_MIN VR_MAX
x x • 0.98 •·0.97 x • 0.98 •·1.03 x • 1.05 •·0.97 x • 1.05 •·1.03

• Operating Times
Set timer to 0 s and check that operating time is less than 30 ms.

Repeat test with X s timer setting and check that measured time is within the margin X ±1% or
±20 ms.

3.14-4
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 3.15 Restricted Earth Faults
Element

3.15.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.15-2

3.15.2 Differential Current ................................................................................................. 3.15-2
3.15.3 Restraint Current and Slope of the Restricted Earth Faults Element .................... 3.15-3
3.15.4 Operate Magnitude Calculation ............................................................................. 3.15-3
3.15.5 Operation ............................................................................................................... 3.15-4
3.15.6 Application of Restricted Earth Faults element...................................................... 3.15-5
3.15.7 Restricted Earth Faults Element Settings .............................................................. 3.15-6
3.15.8 Digital Inputs of the Restricted Earth Faults Module ............................................. 3.15-6
3.15.9 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Restricted Earth Faults Module .................... 3.15-7
3.15.10 Restricted Earth Faults Element Test .................................................................... 3.15-7
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.15.1 Description
This function is used to detect faults in grounded wye connected transformer and generator
windings. Grounded wye connected transformer or generator winding internal faults result in
fault currents dependant on ground impedance and the position of the winding fault with respect
to ground connection. Depending on the fault position, fault current may be very small.

The operating principle is based on comparing the measured ground current with the neutral
current calculated from the three phase currents going into or leaving the machine. For element
connection, the winding ground connection channel must have the same polarity than phase
currents of same winding. This way, when an internal fault occurs, both currents will be facing
each other, and a differential current will result; on the other hand, if the fault is external, both
ground current and zero sequence line current will have the same direction towards the fault,
and the differential current will disappear.

Comparison is made by the vector sum of three phase currents and corresponding winding
ground current measured through the polarization current channel, obtaining IdiffN. If fault is
external to the transformer, IdiffN must be zero.

To avoid errors due to current transformer measurement tolerances, for element activation, IdiffN
must exceed a minimum setting and must also exceed a percentage of the maximum phase
current. This percentage can be set.

3.15.2 Differential Current

Differential current is found by subtracting the magnitudes of the neutral current calculated from
the winding phase currents and the neutral ground current measurement of the same winding
(polarization current). Differential element operate magnitude is obtained from this differential
current.

I A + IB + IC 3I
I diffN = − I POL = 0 − I POL
tN tN
Where:

IdiffN is winding neutral differential current.

I A , I B and I C are winding A, B and C phase currents, respectively.
I POL is winding ground current measured through polarization current channel.
tN is the ratio between turn ratios of winding neutral (polarization current) and phases.

CTIpol
tN =
CTPhase

3.15-2
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 3.15 Restricted Earth Faults Element

3.15.3 Restraint Current and Slope of the Restricted Earth Faults

Element
Restraint current of Restricted Earth Faults Element is the highest phase current of the same
machine winding.

Winding slope is figured out from corresponding restraint current RMS and neutral differential
current RMS:

I diffN
PN = × 100
I restrN
tN
Where:
I restrN is restraint current of winding ground fault element.
IdiffN is winding neutral differential current.
tN is the ratio between turn ratios of winding neutral (polarization current) and phase.
PN is restraint magnitude of winding ground fault element.

This value is calculated whenever restraint current exceeds a minimum value of 10mA
indicating a closed breaker.

3.15.4 Operate Magnitude Calculation

Once the difference in magnitude as a result of the turn ratios of phase and ground current
transformers is compensated, element uses the calculated differential current as operate
magnitude, checking that no transformer saturation exists and bearing in mind the sensitivity of
the same, comparing neutral current with restraint current.

Operate characteristic is divided into two parts, as a function of the maximum winding phase
current, restraint current. In any case, the fundamental harmonic of the calculated neutral
differential current must always exceed the setting value.

Also, if restraint current exceeds a given limit, the operate characteristic is proportional to the
restraint current, fundamental harmonic of the maximum phase current, as a function of the
slope setting value. This way, the magnitude of the neutral differential current causing the
element to operate varies.

3.15-3
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

The operate
characteristic of the
Restricted Earth Faults
Element is obtained as
shown in figure 3.15.1

For greater restraint

currents the unbalances
are greater and a neutral
differential current is
needed for element
operation.

Figure 3.15.1: Restricted Earth Faults Element Operate Characteristic.

Differential setting parameter must take into account differential element and current
transformer sensitivity, which define the minimum neutral differential current needed for element
operation.

3.15.5 Operation
Restricted Earth Faults Element provides an output as the result of the comparison between the
differential current and a value dependant of the operate characteristic, provided the measured
polarization current exceeds a minimum threshold of 0.01 x In confirming once more it is an
internal fault.

In as much as the restraint current is kept below a given level, the element operates by
comparison of the calculated neutral differential current with the setting value. But, when
restraint current exceeds a given limit, a value dependant on the restraint current is needed for
activation.

On the other hand, two different ground fault element blocking conditions exist, which block
element activation upon external faults. Any of them can activate separately said blocking,
namely blocking is a logic OR of both conditions.

• First condition: when zero sequence current value exceeds a minimum saturation
value under external fault conditions, the element is blocked until said external fault
clears.
CTIPhase
Established criteria is 3I 0 ⋅ ≥ 16 ⋅ I NOMINAL
CTIpol

• Second condition: when zero sequence current and ground current are in phase, fault
is deemed external and the element is blocked.

3.15-4
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 3.15 Restricted Earth Faults Element

Currents are considered to be in phase, calculating in degrees for each of the 4 quadrants,
when β IN_I0 < 60º, where β IN_I0 is as follows:

For αIN_I0 = | arctg [ Im(IN) / Re(IN) ] - arctg [ Im(3I0) / Re(3I0) ] |

If [αIN_I0 > 180º] → β IN_I0 = 360º - αIN_I0

If [αIN_I0 ≤ 180º] → β IN_I0 = αIN_I0

A Trip Blocking input can be programmed into the element, which blocks element activation if
input is activated before trip is generated. If activated after, trip resets. For this blocking logic to
be used the Restricted Earth Faults Trip Blocking input must be programmed.

Restricted Earth Faults Element is provided with a settable timer for time delayed trips if
required.

Element pickup takes place at 100% of operate characteristic setting and resets at 80% of this
setting.

3.15.6 Application of Restricted Earth Faults element

Restricted Earth Faults Elements allow for transformer and generator protection upon internal
ground faults not seen by phase differential elements.

When a machine winding is delta connected, the current cannot flow to ground, whereas if the
other winding is wye or zig-zag connected, zero sequence current flows through the ground
connection. The differential protection allows the activation of a zero sequence filter to prevent
false trips upon external faults in said type connections. On the other hand, the activation of
said filter neither allows detecting internal faults. Ground faults can be detected through
Residual Ground Overcurrent Element. Nevertheless, this could result in not being responsive
enough, e.g. for faults near the machine neutral, and fast enough.

Restricted Earth Faults Elements are used to quickly detect ground faults internal to the
transformer or generator, even for faint faults. In any case, a detail analysis must be carried out
both of the winding ground resistance and the current transformers, to prevent any problems
caused by saturation. This is why, for an element to operate correctly, machine neutral current
must be limited by a ground resistor and current transformers with turn ratios as close as
possible to each other must be used.

Said element can also be used with delta connected large power transformers, for faster and
more sensitive operation, working as an unbalance element.

3.15-5
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.15.7 Restricted Earth Faults Element Settings

Restricted Earth Faults Element

Setting Range Step By Default
REF Enable YES / NO NO
REF Pickup (0.04 - 2.00) In 0.01 A 0.25 A
REF Restraint Slope 0 - 100 % 1% 0%
REF Delay 0.00 - 300 s 0.01 s 0.01 s

• Restricted Earth Faults Element: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION ...
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 12 - RESTRICTED EARTH
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC ...
4 - INFORMATION ...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - R EARTH ENABLE

... 1 - R EARTH PICKUP
12 - RESTRICTED EARTH 2 - R EARTH RESTRAINT
… 3 - R EARTH DELAY

3.15.8 Digital Inputs of the Restricted Earth Faults Module

Table 3.15-1: Digital Inputs of the Restricted Earth Faults Module

Name Description Function
Activation of input before trip
generation blocks element
IN_BLK_REF Restricted Earth Faults blocking input
operation. If activated after
tripping, trip resets.
Activation of this input puts the
element into service. It can be
assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_REF Restricted Earth Faults enable input
from the communications
protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”

3.15-6
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.15 Restricted Earth Faults Element

3.15.9 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Restricted Earth Faults

Module

Table 3.15-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Restricted Earth Faults Module
Name Description Function
Element pickup and timing
PU_REF Restricted Earth Faults element pickup
start.
Restricted Earth Faults element
TRIP_REF Restricted Earth Faults trip
trip.
Restricted Earth Faults trip
TRIP_REFM Restricted Earth Faults masked trip
affected by trip mask.
The same as for the Digital
IN_BLK_REF Restricted Earth Faults blocking input
Inputs.
The same as for the Digital
ENBL_REF Restricted Earth Faults enable input
Inputs.
Indication of enabled or
REF_ENBLD Restricted Earth Faults enabled
disabled status of the element.

3.15.10 Restricted Earth Faults Element Test

• Settings
Relay settings to be as per table 3.15-3 below:

Table 3.15-3: Restricted Earth Faults Element Test (Settings)

Setting Label Value
Phase CT Ratio 300
Ground CT Ratio 600
REF Enable YES
REF Pickup 2
REF Restraint Slope 2
REF Delay 5
Element Trip Mask YES
Rest of Elements Enable NO

• Element Sensitivity
Apply current to neutral and one phase only (at 180º) and check that Restricted Earth Faults
Element picks up and resets, for all pickup settings, when said current is within the margin
indicated in table 3.15-4.

Table 3.15-4: Restricted Earth Faults Element Test (Element Sensitivity)

Pickup setting Pickup Reset
2A 0.97 - 1.03 A 0.72 - 0.78 A
1A 0.485 - 0.515 A 0.364 - 0.386 A
0.04 A 0.0194 - 0.0206 A 0.14 - 0.16 A

Check that upon element activation a trip occurs activating all trip contacts.

3.15-7
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

• Element Timer
Apply a current 2.5 A to neutral and check that trip occurs within the margin ±1% or ±20ms
(whichever is greater) of the timer setting value. Bear in mind that operate time for a 0 ms
setting is between 20 and 25 ms.
• Element Characteristic
Apply current to A-phase and neutral. A-phase current will be constant and current to be
injected to neutral for the element to operate shall be measured.

When in phase, test will be started with neutral value equal to phase value and then step down.
For 180º out of phase, test will start with neutral to 0 and then step up.

Check that operate current is within the margin stated in table 3.15-5.

Table 3.15-5: Restricted Earth Faults Element Test (Element Characteristic)

A-Phase B-Phase Neutral - Pickup
1 A (0º) - 0º Never
1 A (0º) - 180º 0.018 A - 0.022 A
0.5 A (0º) - 180º 0.01 A - 0.012 A
0.8 A (0º) 0.8 A (180º) 180º 0.016 - 0.064 A
3.2 A (0º) 3.2 A (180º) 180º 0.000 - 0.136 A

Repeat tests using B and C Phases.

3.15-8
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 3.16 Cold Load
Element

3.16.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.16-2

3.16.2 Cold Load Element Settings .................................................................................. 3.16-3
3.16.3 Digital Inputs of the Cold Load Module .................................................................. 3.16-4
3.16.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Cold Load Module ........................................ 3.16-4
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.16.1 Description
If a breaker has been open for a long time after line recloser failure, problems may occur when
closing. When breaker is closed, large motors may start demanding high current peaks.
Overcurrent protection may activate as a result of this. Pickup levels must be increased to
prevent the above, and Table 4 can be used to this end as a second group with higher
calibration settings.

Assuming the relay works using Table 1 and a breaker trips, a timer starts timing and if breaker
remains open after time-out, settings in Table 4 apply. This time delay must be higher than
the highest recloser time delay programmed in the relay. Table 4 will be the active table
while breaker remains open.

When breaker closes, the equipment will be working with higher settings, and trips caused by
starting motors will not take place.

A timer starts timing after closing, and if breaker remains closed after time-out, Table 1
activates.

If this function is disabled, Table 4 can be used in the same way as other tables.

It could happen that with the Cold Load Element enabled, the breaker changes state while the
equipment is switched off. In this case, the element works as follows:

• If equipment is switched off when breaker is closed and breaker is open when
switched on, Cold Load Element activates 100 milliseconds after equipment is
switched on, and Table 4 will apply.
• If equipment is switched off with Cold Load Element activated (Table 4 applies
after breaker trips) and breaker is closed when switched on, Cold Load Element
remains activated during 100 milliseconds (Table 4 active) after pickup. When time
expires the element resets and the last relay operate table before activation of Cold
Load Element will apply.
• If equipment is switched off with Cold Load Element activated and element
disable digital signal is active when switched on, element output remains active
during 100 milliseconds after pickup. When time expires output resets and the original
table will apply.
• If equipment is switched on with Cold Load Element deactivated and breaker
opens within 100 milliseconds wait time for element pickup, element output will
activate instantaneously after said time.
• If equipment is switched off with Cold Load Element activated and breaker
remains open when switched on, element continuous its normal operation as if
nothing had happened.

3.16-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.16 Cold Load Element

3.16.2 Cold Load Element Settings

Cold Load Element

Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO
Timer for Group 4 Activation after Trip 0 - 1800 s 0.1 s 120 s
Timer for Previous Group Activation after Closing 0 - 1800 s 0.1 s 120 s

• Cold Load Element: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION ...
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 11 - COLD LOAD
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC ...
4 - INFORMATION ...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - COLD LOAD ENABLE

... 1 - GROUP 4 ACT. TIME
11 - COLD LOAD 2 - PREV GRP ACT TIME
…

3.16-3
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.16.3 Digital Inputs of the Cold Load Module

Table 3.16-1: Digital Inputs of the Cold Load Module

Name Description Function
Activation of this input puts the
element into service. It can be
assigned to status contact
inputs by level or to a command
ENBL_CLPU Cold Load enable input
from the communications
protocol or from the HMI. The
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”

3.16.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Cold Load Module

Table 3.16-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Cold Load Module
Name Description Function
This signal indicates that cold
load logic is activated so that
ACT_CLPU Cold Load activation (Table 4) settings in Table 4 apply. Or is
deactivated so that settings in
the original Table apply.
The same as for the Digital
ENBL_CLPU Cold Load enable input
Inputs.
Indication of enabled or
CLPU_ENBLD Cold Load enabled
disabled status of the element.

3.16-4
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.17 Current Measurement
Supervision

3.17.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.17-2

3.17.2 Operation Principles............................................................................................... 3.17-2
3.17.3 Current Measurement Supervision Settings .......................................................... 3.17-3
3.17.4 Digital Inputs of Current Measurement Supervision Module ................................. 3.17-4
3.17.5 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Current Measurement Supervision Module . 3.17-4
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.17.1 Introduction
All models count on a supervision system for the set of elements that make up the phase
current measurement system, from external current transformers, to copper cables that connect
them to the relay, up to the internal magnetic modules on the IRX relay itself.

3.17.2 Operation Principles

This supervision function is exclusively based on the measurement of phase currents.
Measurement of the three phase currents is required for its application, otherwise it must be
disabled.

Due to the unlikely simultaneous failure of more than one phase, a simple algorithm is used to
enable the detection of failures in a single phase each time. Simultaneous failures are not
detected.

When a phase current (phase X) below 2% of its rated value is detected, other phase currents
are checked (phases Y and Z) to see if they exceed 5% and are below 120% of their rated
value. The angular difference between these currents is also calculated, which, under normal
operating conditions, must be within the 120º±10º range.

If “normal” operating conditions are detected in phases Y and Z, the phase X current circuit
failure alarm is activated.

Figure 3.17.1 shows the supervision algorithm used for current measurement in phase A.

Figure 3.17.1: Supervision Algorithm for Current Measurement in Phase A.

Failure detection in any of the measuring circuits only generates the activation of the following
signals: FAIL_CT_A, FAIL_CT_B, FAIL_CT_C and FAIL_CT. Blocking the operation of
protection elements that are affected by measurement unbalance of phase currents must be
programmed in ZIVerComPlus® logic.

3.17-2
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.17 Current Measurement Supervision

3.17.3 Current Measurement Supervision Settings

Current Measurement Supervision

Setting Range Step By Default
CT Supervision Enable YES / NO NO
CT Supervision Time 0.15 - 300 s 0.5 s

• Restricted Earth Faults Element: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - OVERCURRENT

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION ...
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 6 - CT SUPERVISION
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC ...
4 - INFORMATION ...

0 - OVERCURRENT
... 0 - CT SUPERV ENABLE
6 - CT SUPERVISION 1 - CT SUPERV TIME
…

3.17-3
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.17.4 Digital Inputs of Current Measurement Supervision Module

Table 3.17-1: Digital Inputs of the Current Measurement Supervision Module

Name Description Function
Activation of this input brings
the element into operation. It
can be assigned to a digital
input by level or to a command
ENBL_SUPCT CT Supervision enable input
from the communications
protocol, or from the HMI: The
default value for this logic input
is “1”.
Activation of this input
EB_SUPCT CT Supervision block input generates the blocking of the
supervision.

3.17.5 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Current Measurement

Supervision Module

Table 3.17-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Current Measurement Supervision
Module
Name Description Function
Activation of CT Supervision Element for
FAIL_CT_A
Phase A
Activation of CT Supervision Element for Its activation indicates the
FAIL_CT_B existence of a failure in the
Phase B
measuring system of one of the
Activation of CT Supervision Element for phases
FAIL_CT_C
Phase C
FAIL_CT Activation of CT Supervision Element
Block output due to condition of
ENBL_SUPCT Activation of CT Supervision enabled fuse failure detected by the
element in question.
Block output due to condition of
fuse failure (either detected by
EB_SUPCT Activation of CT Supervision block Input
the element itself, or else by
digital input).

3.17-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.18 Fuse Failure
Detector

3.18.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.18-2

3.18.2 Detection of Voltage Circuit Failure ....................................................................... 3.18-2
3.18.3 Fuse Failure Detector Settings .............................................................................. 3.18-3
3.18.4 Digital Inputs of the Fuse Failure Detector Module ............................................... 3.18-3
3.18.5 Digital Outputs and Events of the Fuse Failure Detector Module ......................... 3.18-3
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.18.1 Introduction
When any of the fuses from the secondary circuit of the voltage transformers blows, the relay
loses its corresponding voltage input, that is, the value of the voltage is zero. Consequently,
overcurrent elements depending on voltage, undervoltage, ground overvoltage or voltage
unbalance can operate improperly; hence, this condition must be detected before the element
trips, in order to block these measuring elements.

3.18.2 Detection of Voltage Circuit Failure

This element blocks inputs from overcurrent elements dependent on voltage, undervoltage,
ground overvoltage and voltage unbalance, when the magnetic-thermal circuit breaker of the
busbar voltage measuring transformer has previously tripped. The logic related to the detection
of the thermal-magnetic circuit breaker trip conditions must be carried out before the functions it
blocks. The logic associated to the element is indicated in the following figure.

Figure 3.18.1: Voltage Circuit Failure Detection Element Scheme.

The value of phase A current is compared to the Imin element setting. Should this value be
exceeded, it must be checked that the Uzero Pickup signal, corresponding to the Automatic
Control device, is set to 1. If this is the case, and after a T1 time delay, the open command of
the overvoltage elements that depend on voltage, undervoltage, ground overvoltage and
voltage unbalance is blocked.

3.18-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.18 Fuse Failure Detector

3.18.3 Fuse Failure Detector Settings

Fuse Failure Detector Settings

Setting Range Step By Default
Voltage Circuit Supervision Enable YES / NO
Current Pickup 0.2 - 2 A 0.01 0.5 A
Voltage Circuit Supervision Time 0.01 - 5.00 s 0.01 0.4 s

• Fuse Failure Detector: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL
1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP ... 0 - FF DET ENABLE
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS * - FUSE FAILURE 1 - SUP PICKUP
4 - INFORMATION ... 2 - FUSE FAILURE TIME

3.18.4 Digital Inputs of the Fuse Failure Detector Module

Table 3.18-1: Digital Inputs of the Fuse Failure Detector Module

Name Description Function
The activation of this input
means direct activation of
IN_FAIL_MAG Circuit Breaker Failure Input
voltage circuit failure Detector
signal.

3.18.5 Digital Outputs and Events of the Fuse Failure Detector Module

Table 3.18-2: Digital Outputs and Events of the Fuse Failure Detector Module
Name Description Function
The activation of this input
means direct activation of
IN_FAIL_MAG Circuit Breaker Failure Input
voltage circuit failure Detector
signal.
It shows that although voltage
measurement does not reach
FAIL_V_CIRCUIT Fuse Failure the equipment, there actually is
voltage. So that no trip on lack
of voltage shall be performed.

3.18-3
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.18-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.19 Recloser

3.19.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.19-2

3.19.2 Reclose Sequence ................................................................................................. 3.19-6
3.19.2.a Sequence Start ................................................................................................. 3.19-6
3.19.2.b Monitoring the Reference Voltage .................................................................... 3.19-6
3.19.2.c Reclose Time .................................................................................................... 3.19-7
3.19.2.d Closing Time ..................................................................................................... 3.19-7
3.19.2.e Reset Time ....................................................................................................... 3.19-7
3.19.3 Recloser Lockout ................................................................................................... 3.19-8
3.19.4 Manual Close ......................................................................................................... 3.19-8
3.19.5 Manual and External Blocking ............................................................................... 3.19-9
3.19.6 Definite Trip.......................................................................................................... 3.19-10
3.19.7 Recloser Not in Service ....................................................................................... 3.19-10
3.19.8 Reclose Counter .................................................................................................. 3.19-10
3.19.9 Trip and Reclose Masks ...................................................................................... 3.19-11
3.19.10 Recloser Settings ................................................................................................. 3.19-13
3.19.11 Digital Inputs of the Recloser Module .................................................................. 3.19-17
3.19.12 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Recloser Module ........................................ 3.19-18
3.19.13 Recloser Test ....................................................................................................... 3.19-20
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.19.1 Introduction
IRX recloser allows four reclose attempts with separate reclose and security timer settings.

Recloser can be set with different reclose and security times, upon a reclosing, depending on
whether phase-to-phase fault or any ground element is involved.

Controlled reclose types are:

• Reclose initiate for ground faults tripped by time-overcurrent elements (Ground, Sensitive
Ground and Ungrounded Neutral Time Overcurrent).
• Reclose initiate for phase-to-phase faults tripped by time-overcurrent elements (Phase
Time Overcurrent).
• Reclose initiate for faults tripped by Negative Sequence Time elements.
• Reclose initiate for ground faults tripped by instantaneous elements (Ground and
Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent).
• Reclose initiate for phase-to-phase faults tripped by instantaneous elements (Phase
Instantaneous Overcurrent).
• Reclose initiate for faults tripped by Negative Sequence Instantaneous elements.
• Reclose initiate by Open Phase Element trip.
• Reclose initiate by Residual or Zero Sequence Current Element trip.
• Reclose initiate by operation of external protection.

Figures 3.19.1 and 3.19.2 show flow charts describing recloser operation. Signal INIT_RCL
(Recloser Start) in charts is the logic sum of:

INIT_RCL_F (Reclose initiate for phase-to-phase faults)

INIT_RCL_PP (Reclose initiate for ground faults)

Thus:

INIT_RCL = INIT_RCL_F + INIT_RCL_PP

Phase-To-Phase Reclose Initiate (INIT_RCL_F) and Ground Reclose Initiate

(INIT_RCL_PP) activate only upon activation of phase-to-phase or ground elements producing
the trip, respectively, and deactivate when both are deactivated. In case both phase-to-phase
and ground element activations are present for the trip, the type of INIT_RCL depends on
which element has been activated first.

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 3.19 Recloser

Figure 3.19.1: Recloser Operation Flow Diagram (I).

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Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Figure 3.19.2: Recloser Operation Flow Diagram (II).

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 3.19 Recloser

Figure 3.19.3: Recloser Operation Flow Diagram Applicable from Firmware Version 3.70 onwards.

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3.19.2 Reclose Sequence

There are as many reclose attempts as have been programmed (up to four). Every reclose
attempt comprises a number of operations, the sequence of which is controlled by recloser
settings and a number of external events detected through the digital input system or received
from relay protection elements.

3.19.2.a Sequence Start

Starting from rest, recloser operation initiates upon tripping of any enabled protection element or
activation of External Protection Trip digital input (EXT_TRIP). In both cases, signal INIT_RCL
(Recloser Start) activates, which brings the recloser out of rest state into Sequence Check
Time state, and a timer with Sequence Check Time setting starts timing. If time expires before
detecting fault reset (INIT_RCL reset) and breaker opening (IN_BKR), the system evolves into
Internal Lockout on initiate failure state, from which it can only exit by means of a breaker
closing command. Otherwise, recloser initiates and signal RECLOSING activates (Sequence in
Progress).

3.19.2.b Monitoring the Reference Voltage

Digital signal RV_79 (Auxiliary Reference Voltage) and a settable Timer (Reference Voltage
Presence Time) are used to ensure that recloser supervision voltage is stable. Said digital
signal RV_79 must remain active during a time period equal or higher than the setting value in
order that signal VAL_RV_79 (Asserted Auxiliary Reference Voltage) used by recloser
supervision process asserts to logical “1”.

When digital signal RV_79 deactivates, VAL_RV_79 deactivates and voltage presence time
must expire to activate again.

This way, after leaving Sequence Check Time state, if reclose Supervision by Reference
Voltage is set to YES, Reference Voltage Wait Time status is reached, during which,
activation of signal VAL_RV_79 (Asserted Auxiliary Reference Voltage) is supervised during
Reference Voltage Wait Time setting. If said voltage is detected within mentioned wait time,
recloser goes into Reclose Time state corresponding to first reclose shot. If time expires before
mentioned voltage is detected, system goes into Recloser Lockout due to Lack of Reference
Voltage state.

If, on the contrary, reclose Supervision by Reference Voltage is set to NO, Reclose Time
state is reached without going through Reference Voltage Wait Time state.

Then, if all conditions upon which a Reclose Command (RCLS_CMD) is generated have been
complied with, if reclose Supervision by Reference Voltage is set to YES, Reference Voltage
Wait Time state is reached again and the above explained process is repeated.

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 3.19 Recloser

3.19.2.c Reclose Time

When this state is reached, Reclose Time starts timing, timer setting being different for each of
the close shots. After said time expires, signal SYNC_R (Close by Synchronism Enabled)
state is checked, signal being generated as follows:

Depending on setting,
external or calculated
synchronism signal (see
section 3.10.6) will be
connected to SYNC_R.

Figure 3.19.4: Synchronism Signal.

If this signal is active, output RCLS_CMD (Reclose Command) activates and Closing Time
state is reached. In case the mentioned signal is not active, Synchrocheck Supervision
setting is checked: if set to NO, RCLS_CMD (Reclose Command) activates and Closing Time
state is reached; if, on the contrary, if set to YES, Wait Time setting is checked. If setting is
YES, recloser goes into Wait Time state in order to wait for signal SYNC_R activation before
time setting expires. If Wait Time setting is NO, meaning that said activation must not be waited
for, Recloser Lockout due to Lack of Synchronism state is reached.

3.19.2.d Closing Time

When this state is reached a timer starts timing with setting Close Failure Time and output
RCLS_CMD activates, sending a close command signal to the breaker. If closed breaker is
detected before the time expires, Reset Time state is reached. If, on the contrary, time expires
without closing, Recloser Lockout due to Breaker Close Failure state is reached. In both
cases, output RCLS_CMD deactivates.

If Reclose Command (RCLS_CMD = 1) is activated and active Trip Circuit Failure signal
(FAIL_SUPR) is asserted, close command does not activate and Close Command Disable
signal (CCR) activates. The Close Failure Time expires and finally recloser reaches Recloser
Lockout due to Breaker Close Failure state.

3.19.2.e Reset Time

If this state is reached a timer with Reset Time setting corresponding to the actual recloser shot
starts. This time is used to discern if two consecutive trips correspond to same fault that has not
successfully been cleared or, otherwise, correspond to two consecutive faults. If Reset Time
expires and no trip occurs, recloser goes into Reset state, and process is finalized.

If a trip occurs (INIT_RCL activation) before Reset Time expires, the following step will depend
on whether the number of reclose shots has been reached or not. If said limit has been
reached, recloser goes into Recloser Lockout due to Definite Trip state, and process is
finalized. Otherwise, the new trip initiates a new close sequence, the system going into
Sequence Check Time state.

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3.19.3 Recloser Lockout

Recloser Lockout states correspond to situations where the recloser will not initiate shots upon
a trip, thus, all trips occurring under this circumstance are definite.

Recloser Lockout states reached when recloser leaves Reset state on fault occurrence and
related trip have been explained above. Nevertheless, another circumstance exists that can
bring the recloser into Lockout state: breaker opening not associated to a fault. Under this
circumstance, recloser goes into Recloser Lockout due to Open Breaker state, and closing is
disabled.

Recloser remains in either of the Lockout states reached until a closed breaker is asserted or a
close command is given through them.

3.19.4 Manual Close

There exist two manual closing situations leading to different recloser actions and states:
• External Manual Close
This situation is reached when recloser detects a breaker closed through breaker status input,
the command coming neither from the recloser nor from the relay command system.

When said situation is detected, if closing command comes from HMI (front display and buttons)
or Communications (local or remote) or else from a Digital Input (external closing command),
the command logic checks for synchronism (signal SYNC_R), provided Synchrocheck
Supervision setting is YES.

If no synchronism exists (SYNC_R deactivated) the command logic generates event Close
Command Disable due to Lack of Synchronism, returning to Reset.

If, on the contrary, synchronism is present (SYNC_R activated) or else, said supervision is not
necessary from the beginning (Synchrocheck Supervision setting is NO), command logic
generates signal Close Command when this situation is detected, recloser leaves reached
Lockout state and goes into Reset time after external closing. After reaching this state Reset
time after external closing starts timing. If time expires with no trip, recloser goes into Reset
state. If, on the contrary, a trip occurs before time-out, recloser goes into Recloser Lockout
due to Close-onto-a-Fault and the trip is definite, with no later reclose.

If signal External Close Command activates and signal Trip Circuit Failure (FAIL_SUPR) is
active, Close Command does not activate and Close Command Disable (CCR) signal
activates.

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 3.19 Recloser

• Recloser Manual Close

This situation occurs when relay command function generates a Close Command to be
executed by the recloser proper. For this to happen Manual Closing Through Recloser setting
must be YES (this setting belongs to Logic group). A Close Command of this type initiates a
process entirely identical to the last programmed shot, except that no Sequence Check Time
exists and different values are used for the following settings:

• Manual close supervision through recloser by reference voltage (equivalent to

reclose supervision by reference voltage setting)
• Reference voltage wait time
• Synchronism wait time
• Manual close time (equivalent to reclose time)
• Reset time

After performing the same process as for last reclose shot, Reset Time starts timing, and a
Recloser Lockout will be reached if a trip occurs before time expires. If a trip does not occur,
Reset state is reached.

3.19.5 Manual and External Blocking

As for manual and external blockings recloser has preference over the first block commands
received. Said blocking situation can only be reversed sending an opposite command.
• Manual Blocking
Recloser can be brought into Blocking state through a HMI or Communication channel
command signal (local or remote mode). If recloser is under a reclose shot sequence, this will
stop upon receipt of the block command. In this case, no shot attempt will take place after a trip,
so that, in all cases, trip will be definite.

The Blocking state can be exited only by an unblock command through HMI or
Communications channel (local or remote). If breaker is open when this command signal is
received, recloser will go into Reclose Lockout state, which will be exited when breaker closes.
If, on the contrary, breaker is closed, Reset Time starts timing and eventually recloser will reach
Reset state.
• External Blocking
What has been said for Manual Blocking is valid for External Blocking, except that block and
unblock commands are received through one or two configurable digital inputs. Level blocking
or Pulse blocking can be configured through External Blocking setting.

Only one digital input is configured for Level blocking, allocating recloser block and unblock to
each of logic states (logic “1” and “0”)

Two digital inputs are configured for Pulse blocking, one for External Blocking and one for
External Unblocking. If block input activates, recloser goes into blocking, state which will be
exited when unblock input activates.

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3.19.6 Definite Trip

If the fault persists after shot sequence is finalized, recloser generates a Recloser Lockout
Due to Definite Trip (LO_DT) signal.

An auxiliary output such as LO_DT + DISP* (79BLK_EXT + 79BLK_MAN) (deemed also as

Definite Trip) can also be configured, so that, apart from the definite trip itself, if a trip occurs
when recloser is manually or externally blocked, recloser state is indicated as Recloser
Lockout.

When a trip occurs when recloser is blocked, Definite Trip LO_DT + DISP* (79BLK_EXT +
79BLK_MAN) signal remains until trip generating element resets. As a general rule, terminals
operate this way when a trip not be followed by reclose occurs.

3.19.7 Recloser Not in Service

Recloser is out of operation whenever Recloser In Service setting is disabled. If this option is
selected, recloser is completely disabled. Protection element trip masks continue in operation
no matter their state.

3.19.8 Reclose Counter

Two counters on the display indicate the number of shots from last reset, an action that can be
performed from the HMI. First counter assess the number of shots that take place with the
recloser at Reset; second counter, the number of shots that take place after this. If the setting
for the number of shots is four, and a fault is cleared successfully after the fourth shot, the first
counter is incremented one count and three counts in the second.

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 3.19 Recloser

3.19.9 Trip and Reclose Masks

A number of settings control trip enable and reclose initiate, depending on recloser state.
• Trip Enable
Phase IOC (50PH1, 50PH2 and 50PH3)
Phase TOC (51PH1, 51PH2 and 51PH3)
Ground IOC (50G1, 50G2 and 50G3)
Ground TOC (51G1, 51G2 and 50G3)
Negative Sequence IOC (50NS1 and 50NS2)
Negative Sequence TOC (51NS1, 51NS2 and 50NS3)
Sensitive Ground IOC (50SG)
Sensitive Ground TOC (51SG)
Voltage Restraint TOC (51V)
Ungrounded Directional (67UNG)
Open Phase Element
Residual Current Element
Phase Overvoltage Elements (59PH1, 59PH2 and 59PH3) (*)
Phase Undervoltage Elements (27 PH1, 27 PH2 and 27 PH3) (*)
Ground Overvoltage Elements (59G1 and 59G2 or 64_1 and 64_2) (*)
Negative Sequence Overvoltage Element (47) (*)
Overfrequency Elements (81M1, 81M2, 81M3 and 81M4) (*)
Underfrequency Elements (81m1, 81m2, 81m3 and 81m4) (*)
Frequency Rate of Change Elements (81D1, 81D2, 81D3 y 81D4) (*)
Thermal Image Element (49) (*)
Directional Power Elements (32P/Q1 y 32P/Q2) (*)
Restricted Earth Fault Element (87N) (*)
Out of Step Element (78) (*)
Programmable trip (configurable in programmable logic) (**)

(*) Trip of any of these units never initiates reclose sequence.

(**) Breaker trip configured in programmable logic initiates the reclose sequence only if
configured for this purpose.

These elements will or will not be trip enabled as a function of the following recloser states:

• Recloser at Reset
• Recloser timing Reset Time after shot #1, 2, 3 or 4
• Recloser timing Reset Time after external manual close
• Recloser timing Reset Time after manual close through recloser
• Recloser Lockout (internal, external or manual block)

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The option Load Restoration Enable can also be configured, which is independent from the shot
sequence, and allows enabling or not the next close:

By operation of Load Shedding Elements (REP DLS1) (*)

(*) Load Shedding Element close mask is not really a recloser-related mask, as generation of
said close command depends exclusively Load Shedding and Reset Logic and not on recloser
actual shot.

For Overfrequency Elements configured for Load Shedding, their trip masks have no effect
on said Load Shedding Elements.

On the other hand, when breaker is closed and recloser is manually or externally unblocked, the
corresponding Reset Time after Manual Close starts timing, so that, during this time the mask
applicable to any element is External Or Manual Close Reset Time Trip mask.

Trip mask action depends upon enabling the corresponding element, within its own protection
settings, as element pickup process is not initiated if element is disabled. Trip masking,
corresponding to NO setting, prevents the physical activation of trip output or masked-
configured output, but the entire element process from pickup to the decision to generate a trip
is executed, and the physical output configured as element output activation is also activated.
• Reclose Enable
Reclose may or may not be enabled for following faults:

Faults tripped by Phase Time Overcurrent Elements (51PH1, 51PH2 and 51PH3)
Faults tripped by Phase Instantaneous Elements (50PH1, 50PH2 and 50PH3)
Faults tripped by Ground Time Overcurrent Elements (51G1, 51G2 and 50G3)
Faults tripped by Ground Instantaneous Elements (50G1, 50G2 and 50G3)
Faults tripped by Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent Elements (51NS1, 51NS2 and 5NS3)
Faults tripped by Negative Sequence Instantaneous Elements (50NS1 and 50NS2)
Faults tripped by Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent Element (51SG)
Faults tripped by Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Element (50NS)
Faults tripped by Voltage Restraint Time Overcurrent Element (51V)
Faults tripped by Ungrounded Directional Element (67UNG)
Open Phase Element trip
Residual Current Element trip
External protection trip
Programmable trip (configurable in programmable logic)

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 3.19 Recloser

Recloser states for which mentioned masks are defined are:

• Reclose sequence in progress 1, 2, 3 and 4

If recloser is Not in Service or Lockout, masks are not in operation and all trips become active
by default.

The maximum number of shots allowed will be the minimum setting of the tripped elements.
Operation is as follows:

• When an Element trips for the first time, relay looks into the total number of recloser
shots allowed for this element. If successive trips belong to same element, this will be
the total number of shots allowed.
• When an Element trips for the first time and in later shots a different Element
trips, relay compares the number of total shots allowed for both elements and saves
the smaller value. The same applies when trips of different elements occur at the same
time in the same shot.
• If the shot in progress is higher than maximum allowed reclose shot saved in the
relay, recloser goes into Recloser Lockout Due to Open Breaker and no Reclose
Command takes place.

Important: as settings do not depend on each other, at least one unmasked measurement
element must exist. Otherwise, protection trip will be disabled. Element is unmasked if setting is
YES (check box activated).

3.19.10 Recloser Settings

Recloser In Service
Setting Range Step By Default
Enable YES / NO NO

Recloser Timers
Setting Range Step By Default
Phase Reclose (1, 2, 3 and 4) Delay 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 2s
Gnd Reclose (1, 2, 3 and 4) Delay 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 4s

Cycle Control Timers

Setting Range Step By Default
Reference Voltage Timer 1 0.5 - 300 s 0.01 s 1s
Reference Voltage Timer 2 0 - 20 s 0.01 s 0.01 s
Synchrocheck Timer 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 2s
Phase Fault Reset Timer 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 3s
Gnd Fault Reset Timer 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 5s
Manual Close Reset Timer 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 3s
Sequence Check Timer 0.05 - 0.35 s 0.01 s 0.25 s
Manual Close Delay 0.05 - 300 s 0.01 s 2s

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Cycle Control
Setting Range Step By Default
Maximum Recloser Shots 1-4 4
Manual Close - Vref Supervision YES / NO YES
Recloser - Vref Supervision YES / NO YES
Manual Close - Synchrochek Supervision YES / NO YES
Recloser - Synchrocheck Supervision YES / NO YES
Synchrocheck Supv. Delay Enable YES / NO YES
External Blocking Level / Pulse Level

Trip Enable
Setting Step By Default
Phase IOC (50PH1, 50PH2 and 50PH3) YES / NO YES
Phase TOC (51 PH1, 51 PH2 and 51 PH3) YES / NO YES
Ground IOC (50N1, 50N2 and 50N3) YES / NO YES
Ground TOC (51N1, 51N2 and 51N3) YES / NO YES
Negative Sequence IOC (50NS1 and 50NS2) YES / NO YES
Negative Sequence TOC (51NS1, 51NS2 and 50NS3) YES / NO YES
Sensitive Ground IOC (50SG) YES / NO YES
Sensitive Ground TOC (51SG) YES / NO YES
Voltage Restrained TOC (51V) YES / NO YES
Directional Ungrounded (67NA) YES / NO YES
Open Phase YES / NO YES
Residual Current Element YES / NO YES
Phase Overvoltage (59PH1, 59 PH2 and 59 PH3) YES / NO YES
Phase Undervoltage (27 PH1, 27 PH2 and 27 PH3) YES / NO YES
Ground Overvoltage (59N1 and 59N2 or 64_1 and 64_2) YES / NO YES
Negative Sequence Overvoltage (47) YES / NO YES
Overfrequency (81M1, 81M2, 81M3 and 81M4) YES / NO YES
Underfrequency (81m1, 81m2, 81m3 and 81m4) YES / NO YES
Frequency Rate of Change (81D1, 81D2, 81D3 and 81D4) YES / NO YES
Thermal Image (49) YES / NO YES
Directional Power (32P/Q1 and 32P/Q2) YES / NO YES
Undercurrent Element YES / NO YES
Restricted Earth Faults (87N) YES / NO YES
Out of Step (78) YES / NO YES
Programmable Trip (configurable in the programmable logic) YES / NO NO
Recloser states for which these enables are defined:
Stand By Recloser Trip
Lock Out Recloser Trip
Shot (1, 2, 3 and 4) Reset Time Trip
External or Manual Close Reset Time Trip
Manual Close Through Recloser Reset Time Trip

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 3.19 Recloser

Load Restoration Enable

Setting Range Step By Default
Load Restoration 1 YES / NO YES

Recloser Enable
Setting Step By Default
Phase IOC (50PH1, 50PH2 and 50PH3) YES / NO YES
Phase TOC (51 PH1, 51 PH2 and 51 PH3) YES / NO YES
Ground IOC (50N1, 50N2 and 50N3) YES / NO YES
Ground TOC (51N1, 51N2 and 51N3) YES / NO YES
Negative Sequence IOC (50NS1 and 50NS2) YES / NO YES
Negative Sequence TOC (51NS1, 51NS2 and 50NS3) YES / NO YES
Sensitive Ground IOC (50SG) YES / NO YES
Sensitive Ground TOC (51SG) YES / NO YES
Voltage Restrained TOC (51V) YES / NO YES
Directional Ungrounded (67NA) YES / NO YES
Open Phase YES / NO YES
Residual Current Element YES / NO YES
External Protection YES / NO YES
Close Command (configurable in the programmable logic) YES / NO YES
Recloser states for which these permissions are defined:
Reclose sequence in progress 1, 2, 3 and 4

• Recloser: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - RECLOSER IN SERVICE

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - RECLOSER TIMERS
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 2 - SEQ CONTROL TIMER
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 3 - SEQUENCE CONTROL
4 - INFORMATION ... 4 - TRIP PERMISIONS
5 - LOAD RESTORATION ENA
6 - RECLOSER ENABLE

Recloser Timers

0 - RECLOSER IN SERVICE 0 - T PHASE RECLOSE 1

1 - RECLOSER TIMERS 1 - T GND RECLOSE 1
2 - SEQ CONTROL TIMER 2 - T PHASE RECLOSE 2
3 - SECUENCE CONTROL 3 - T GND RECLOSE 2
4 - TRIP PERMISIONS 4 - T PHASE RECLOSE 3
5 - LOAD RESTORATION ENA 5 - T GND RECLOSE 3
6 - RECLOSER ENABLE 6 - T PHASE RECLOSE 4
7 - T GND RECLOSE 4

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Sequence Control Timer

0 - RECLOSER IN SERVICE 0 - VREF WAIT TIME

1 - RECLOSER TIMERS 1 - SYNC WAIT TIME
2 - SEQ CONTROL TIMER 2 - PHASE RESET TIME
3 - SECUENCE CONTROL 3 - GND RESET TIME
4 - TRIP PERMISIONS 4 - MAN CLOSE RESET T
5 - LOAD RESTORATION ENA 5 - START TIME
6 - RECLOSER ENABLE 6 - MAN. CLOSE DELAY
7 - [Link] WAIT TIME

Sequence Control

0 - RECLOSER IN SERVICE 0 - RECLOSE SHOTS

1 - RECLOSER TIMERS 1 - VREF [Link] SUP.
2 - SEQ CONTROL TIMER 2 - VREF RECLOSER SUP.
3 - SECUENCE CONTROL 3 - MAN CLOSE SYNC SUP
4 - TRIP PERMISIONS 4 - RECLOSER SYNC SUP
5 - LOAD RESTORATION ENA 5 - SYNC DELAY TIMER
6 - RECLOSER ENABLE 6 - EXTERNAL BLOCKING

Trip Permissions

0 - RECLOSER IN SERVICE 0 - STANDBY RECL. TRIPS

1 - RECLOSER TIMERS 1 - BLOCKED RECL. TRIPS
2 - SEQ CONTROL TIMER 2 - RESETT CYCL 1 TRIP
3 - SECUENCE CONTROL 3 - RESETT CYCL 2 TRIP
4 - TRIP PERMISIONS 4 - RESET CYCL 3 TRIP
5 - LOAD RESTORATION ENA 5 - RESET CYCL 4 TRIP
6 - RECLOSER ENABLE 6 - [Link] RESET TRIP
7 - [Link] RESET TRIP

Load Restoration Enable

0 - RECLOSER IN SERVICE
1 - RECLOSER TIMERS
2 - SEQ CONTROL TIMER
3 - SECUENCE CONTROL
4 - TRIP PERMISIONS
5 - LOAD RESTORATION ENA 0 - LOAD REST1
6 - RECLOSER ENABLE

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 3.19 Recloser

Recloser Enable

0 - RECLOSER IN SERVICE 0 - RECLOSE CYCLE 1

1 - RECLOSER TIMERS 1 - RECLOSE CYCLE 2
2 - SEQ CONTROL TIMER 2 - RECLOSE CYCLE 3
3 - SECUENCE CONTROL 3 - RECLOSE CYCLE 4
4 - TRIP PERMISIONS
5 - LOAD RESTORATION ENA
6 - RECLOSER ENABLE

3.19.11 Digital Inputs of the Recloser Module

Table 3.19-1: Digital Inputs of the Recloser Module

Name Description Function
BLK_EXT_79 Recloser external blocking Activation brings recloser into
blocked / unblocked state
respectively; generally used as
RST_EXT_79 Recloser external unblocking command from ED, also from
HMI or communications.
BLK_MAN_79 Manual block command Activation brings recloser into
blocked / unblocked state
respectively; generally used as
RST_MAN_79 Manual unblock command command from ED, also from
HMI or communications.
Receives and uses external
signal for breaker failure
EXT_TRIP External protection trip
function and for recloser
operation initiate.
Receives voltage signal used
by recloser in Reclose
RV_79 Reference auxiliary voltage of recloser
Supervision by Reference
Voltage.
Activation is equivalent to
activation of protection element
output. Application oriented to
TRIP_PROG Programmable trip
allocation to protection element
output configured into
programmable logic.
CMD_MAN_OP Manual open command Activation generates open and
close commands respectively;
Can be allocated to HMI,
communications, digital inputs
CMD_MAN_CLS Manual close command or any programmable logic
signal. Application oriented to
allocation to COMMANDS.
Activation supervised by
TRIP_PROGM Programmable masked trip corresponding recloser trip
mask.
Activation resets to zero the
CMD_RST_NRCLS Reclose counter reset command number of shots saved in
counter.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.19.12 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Recloser Module

Table 3.19-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Recloser Module

Name Description Function
The same as for the Digital
EXT_TRIP External protection trip
Inputs.
The same as for the Digital
BLK_EXT_79 Reclose external blocking
Inputs.
The same as for the Digital
RST_EXT_79 Reclose external unblocking
Inputs.
Externally blocked recloser
79BLK_EXT Recloser externally blocked
state.
The same as for the Digital
BLK_MAN_79 Manual block command
Inputs.
The same as for the Digital
RST_MAN_79 Manual unblock command
Inputs.
Manually blocked recloser
79BLK_MAN Recloser manually blocked
state.
Manually or externally blocked
79BLK Recloser manually or externally blocked
recloser state.
INIT_RCL Reclose initiate command Reclose initiate.
INIT_RCL_F Reclose initiate on ground fault command Reclose initiate on ground fault.
Reclose initiate on phase-to-phase fault Reclose initiate on phase-to-
INIT_RCL_PP
command phase fault.
LO_NRV + LO_DT + LO_BF +
LO Recloser lockout state LO_SCF + LO_FLINE +
LO_OPEN + LO_NO_SYNC
LO_NRV Recloser lockout due to lack of reference voltage
LO_DT Recloser lockout due to definite trip
LO_BF Recloser lockout due to breaker close failure
LO_SCF Recloser lockout due to sequence check failure
LO_FLINE Recloser lockout due to line fault
LO_OPEN Recloser lockout due to open breaker status

3.19-18
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.19 Recloser

Table 3.19-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Recloser Module

Name Description Function
Recloser internal lockout due to lack of
LO_NO_SYNC
synchronism
RCLS1 Reclose attempt 1
RCLS2 Reclose attempt 2
RCLS3 Reclose attempt 3
RCLS4 Reclose attempt 4
TRST_RCLS_EXT Reset time after a recloser external close
TRST_RCLS Reset time after a recloser close
TRST_RCLS1 Reset time of recloser closing attempt 1
TRST_RCLS2 Reset time of recloser closing attempt 2
TRST_RCLS3 Reset time of recloser closing attempt 3
TRST_RCLS4 Reset time of recloser closing attempt 4
Signal VR_79 received, and
VAL_RV_79 Validated reference voltage activated after reference
voltage presence time expires.
The same as for the Digital
RV_79 Reference auxiliary voltage of recloser
Inputs.
When a manual close
command is configured to be
CCR Close command annulled synchronism supervised, if
there is not and command is
sent, signal activates.
TRIP_PROG Programmable trip
The same as for the Digital
CMD_MAN_OP Manual open command
Inputs.
CMD_MAN_CLS Manual close command
CLOSE_79 Closure by recloser
RCLS_CMD Reclose Command
CMD_RST_NRCLS Reclose counter reset command
RST_CNT_RCLS Reclose counter reset signal
RECLOSING Reclose sequence in progress
79_RESET Recloser reset
79_INSERV Recloser in service

3.19-19
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.19.13 Recloser Test

Recloser testing must take into account the following:

• Reset Time must expire after manual closing. If trip occurs before Reset Time expires
recloser goes into lockout state.
• To initiate the reclose sequence, the protection must detect open breaker and no phase
current before Sequence Check Time expires (Cycle Control Timers group).
• If opening circuit supervision fails, the relay will not execute recloser shot, and will go
into a Lockout state.
• For the recloser to execute the complete shot sequence until the final trip, trips must be
generated at time intervals shorter than the Reset Time setting.
• When using reference voltage and disable input as well as element disable options, trip
and reclose masks must be taken into account.

Figure 3.19.5: Connection Diagram for the Recloser Test.

Figure 3.19.5 shows how to carry out recloser testing. If the current generator does not cut out
current injection before Sequence Check Time, test can be performed by opening the current
circuit (by the breaker or simulator), or else by an instantaneous trip, sending just one pulse.
This may be sufficient for the instantaneous element to operate and, at the same time, to stop
seeing current flowing before Sequence Check Time.

3.19-20
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.20 Logic

3.20.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.20-2

3.20.2 Trip Seal-In ............................................................................................................ 3.20-2
3.20.3 Breaker Open and Close Failure Time .................................................................. 3.20-2
3.20.3.a Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Command Failure Module ....................... 3.20-3
3.20.4 Manual Closing through Recloser.......................................................................... 3.20-3
3.20.5 Manual Close Synchrocheck Supervision ............................................................. 3.20-3
3.20.6 Pickup Reports....................................................................................................... 3.20-3
3.20.7 Logic Settings ........................................................................................................ 3.20-4
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.20.1 Introduction
Following functions exist within the logic group: Trip Seal-In, Minimum Open Command
Activation Time, Minimum Close Command Activation Time, Breaker Open and Close Failure
Time, Manual Closing Through Recloser, Manual Close Synchrocheck Supervision and Pickup
Reports.

3.20.2 Trip Seal-In

To enable the seal-in function the setting Trip Seal-In must be set to YES. Under these
circumstances, once an opening or trip command and the corresponding breaker operate
command has been generated; the command is active until open breaker is detected through
the auxiliary contact.

If setting Trip Seal-In is set to NO, the trip command resets when protection measuring
elements or logic signals that generated trip activation reset.

This setting is of application when the breaker associated to the protection fails or is very slow
(very slow auxiliary contacts 52/a for breaking the current of the trip circuit), and an upstream
breaker clears the fault, the trip contact would be compelled to open the trip circuit causing its
destruction.

The failed or slow breaker, once the function that caused the trip is reset, makes the relay
contact to open before the breaker auxiliary contact 52/a, even after the overrun time of the first.
An active open or trip command prevents the relay contact from breaking the current of the trip
circuit (mainly inductive and high), and related damage to same circuit as normally these
currents exceed circuit rated current breaking capability.

3.20.3 Breaker Open and Close Failure Time

Both for manual and protection element generated operations, a minimum open command
activation time can be set. For this purpose the setting Minimum Open Command Activation
Time is used the range of which is from 100ms to 5s.

If open command is generated by the activation of any protection element, the open command
is active during the setting value; in case elements are active during a longer period of time, the
open command will be active until elements deactivate.

If open command is manual, duration is always the setting value.

The open command will be active until an open breaker is confirmed only if setting Trip Seal-In
is set to YES.

A setting Minimum Close Command Activation Time is provided that allows setting the
minimum time that close commands are active. Range is from 0s to 5s. The 0 value indicates
that close commands will be active until closed breaker is detected or a close command failure
is given.

3.20-2
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 3.20 Logic

Both for manual and protection element-generated or reclose-generated operations, if a breaker

state change signal is not received, after an operate command is sent, within the operate failure
time (settable separately for open and close operations), Open Command Failure or Close
Command Failure signals are activated. If the Close Command Failure signal is produced
before the breaker closes during a shot sequence, recloser will be blocked.

Nevertheless open and close commands are active during the activation time setting even if
Open or Close Command Failure is produced.

3.20.3.a Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Command Failure Module

Table 3.20-1: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Command Failure Module
Name Description Function
FAIL_CLS Close command failure Activate when set times expire
after sending open or close
FAIL_OPEN Open command failure commands, but do not operate.

3.20.4 Manual Closing through Recloser

As mentioned in paragraph 3.19.4, breakers can be closed using Recloser logic in order for the
logic to decide to close the breaker. For this to happen, Manual Closing Through Recloser
setting must be set to YES.

3.20.5 Manual Close Synchrocheck Supervision

As already mentioned in the corresponding Recloser paragraph, there is no need to use
Recloser logic to close the breaker; this is the external manual close.

For these close commands to be synchronism check supervised, the setting Synchronism
Check Close Supervision (SUP_C_SINC) must be set to YES.

3.20.6 Pickup Reports

Fault reports are set up following the scheme below: they initiate upon a pickup and terminate
when elements are reset. Fault report files are written only if a trip occurs during a fault
condition.

Setting Pickup Reports allows selecting the option to write the report file when no trip has
occurred. When setting is set to YES, the corresponding report is written to the Fault Report file
with no need for the trip to occur.

At the same time, this setting affects the Fault Locator as, if set to NO, the distance to the fault
is calculated only when a trip is produced after the pickup. If set to YES, the distance to the fault
is calculated when pickup resets no matter whether a trip is produced or not.

3.20-3
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.20.7 Logic Settings

Logic
Setting Range Step By Default
Trip Seal-In YES / NO NO
Minimum Open Command Activation Time 0.1 - 5 s 0.1 s 0.2
Fail to Open Time 0.02 - 2 s 0.005 s 0.02 s
Minimum Close Command Activation Time 0-5s 0.1 s 0.2
Fail to Close Time 0.02 - 10 s 0.01 s 0.02 s
Manual Closing Through Recloser YES / NO NO
Manual Close Synchrocheck Supervision YES / NO NO
Pickup Reports YES / NO NO

• Logic: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - TRIP SEAL-IN

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - MIN OPENING RES T
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 2 - FAIL TO OPEN TIME
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 3 - MIN CLOSING RES T
4 - INFORMATION ... 4 - FAIL TO CLOSE TIME
5 - PHASE DISTANCE CHAR.
6 - PICK UP REPORT
7 - SYNCR. SUPERVISION

3.20-4
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.21 Configuration
Settings

3.21.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.21-2

3.21.2 Nominal Values (Operation Mode) ........................................................................ 3.21-2
3.21.3 Access Passwords ................................................................................................. 3.21-2
3.21.4 Communications .................................................................................................... 3.21-2
3.21.5 Date and Time ....................................................................................................... 3.21-2
3.21.5.a Local Time Zone Setting ................................................................................... 3.21-2
3.21.5.b Summer Time / Winter Time Change ............................................................... 3.21-2
3.21.6 Display Controls ..................................................................................................... 3.21-3
3.21.7 Command Buttons ................................................................................................. 3.21-3
3.21.8 Configuration Settings............................................................................................ 3.21-3
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.21.1 Introduction
The following setting groups are included into the Configuration group: Nominal Values, access
Passwords, Communications, Date and Time, Display Controls and Command Buttons.

3.21.2 Nominal Values (Operation Mode)

Nominal operating values are selected through Operating Mode settings, both for current and
voltage. Following parameters can be selected:

• Nominal Phase Current

• Nominal Ground Current (also affecting Ground Polarization Current in models that
include it)
• Voltage: (for models with voltage measurement) nominal phase-to-phase voltage setting
is the reference value for all settings expressed in times or % nominal voltage. Applied
both to phase and synchronism voltage.
• Nominal Frequency: to select system nominal frequency, regardless whether the
frequency adaptation system is later capable of adjusting to changes produced in this
magnitude.

After modification of any of the settings above, only accessible from HMI display, relay resets
the same as if it were switched off and then switched on; no setting or information is lost.

3.21.3 Access Passwords

The Passwords option allows changing access passwords for options: Configuration,
Operations and Settings.

Select the Configuration option to change access password for configuration group options.
Also, different passwords can be configured for operations and settings modification options.

3.21.4 Communications
See paragraph 3.32 on Communications.

3.21.5 Date and Time

Selecting date and time in the configuration menu displays this setting to configure relay date
and time.

3.21.5.a Local Time Zone Setting

If Time Zone IRIG-B is set to UTC, a time correction must be introduced to adapt the relay to
the local time zone. Setting Local Time Zone allows putting UTC time forward or back as
required.

3.21.5.b Summer Time / Winter Time Change

Relay allows configuring the dates when summer time / winter time change takes place. In the
first case the relay clock is put one hour forward (+1 Hour). In the second case the relay clock is
put one hour back (-1 Hour) for the winter season.

3.21-2
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.21 Configuration Settings

To configure a change of season the following must be specified:

• Begin Time: time when change of season takes place. Range 0 to 23 h.

• Begin Day Type: type of day when change of season takes place. It can take the
following values First Sunday, Second Sunday, Third Sunday, Fourth Sunday, Last
Sunday of the month and Specific Day.
• Begin Day: in case Specific Day is selected, state in which specific day of the month
the change of season takes place.
• Begin Month: state the month in which the change of season takes place.

These settings are independent for the summer and winter seasons.

Note: if the Begin Day setting value is higher than the number of days of a given month, the last valid day of
said month is taken as the day for the change of season.

The change of season function can be activated or deactivated through Summer Time / Winter
Time Change Enable setting.

3.21.6 Display Controls

This setting modifies the display contrast value (high value = more contrast).

3.21.7 Command Buttons

Enables or disables front pushbuttons for performing operations associated to them through the
relay programmable logic.

3.21.8 Configuration Settings

Nominal Values
Setting Range Step By Default
Nominal IABC 1A/5A 5A
Nominal IG 1A/5A 5A
Nominal IPOL 1A/5A 5A
Nominal VABC 50 - 230 V 110 V
Nominal Freq. 50 Hz / 60 Hz 50 Hz

Passwords
The factory-specified access password (full access) is 2140. Nevertheless, you can change the
password to access the following options with the keypad: Configuration, Operations and Settings.

Communications
See 3.32

Contrast
Adjustable from the keypad

3.21-3
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Date and Time

Setting Range Step By Default
Local Time Zone GMT+(0, 1, 2, 3, 3:30, 4, 4:30, GMT+01:00
5, 5:30, 5:45, 6, 6:30, 7, 8, 9,
9:30, 10, 11, 12)
GMT-(1, 2, 3, 3:30, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 9:30, 10, 11)
Summer Time / Winter Time Change Enable YES / NO NO
Summer Begin Time 0 - 23 Hours 1 2
Summer Begin Day Type 0 = Specific day Last Sunday
1 = First Sunday of the month of the month
2 = Second Sunday of the month
3 = Third Sunday of the month
4 = Fourth Sunday of the month
5 = Last Sunday of the month
Summer Begin Day 1 - 31 1 1
Summer Begin Month January, February, March, ... 1 March
Winter Begin Time 0 - 23 Hours 1 3
Winter Begin Day Type 0 = Specific day Last Sunday
1 = First Sunday of the month of the month
2 = Second Sunday of the month
3 = Third Sunday of the month
4 = Fourth Sunday of the month
5 = Last Sunday of the month
Winter Begin Day 1 - 31 1 1
Winter Begin Month January, February, March, ... 1 October

• Configuration Settings: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - NOMINAL VALUES 0 - NOMINAL IABC

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PASSWORDS 1 - NOMINAL IN
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - COMMUNICATIONS 2 - NOMINAL INS
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - TIME AND DATE 3 - NOMINAL IPOL
4 - INFORMATION 4 - DISPLAY CONTROLS 4 - NOMINAL VABC
5 - DISP. LIGHT. [Link] 5 - NOMINAL FREC.
6 - COMMAND BUTTONS

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - NOMINAL VALUES 0 - CONFIGURACION

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PASSWORDS 1 - MANIOBRAS
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - COMMUNICATIONS 2 - AJUSTES EQUIPO
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - TIME AND DATE
4 - INFORMATION 4 - DISPLAY CONTROLS
5 - DISP. LIGHT. [Link]
6 - COMMAND BUTTONS

3.21-4
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.21 Configuration Settings

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - NOMINAL VALUES 0 - PORTS

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PASSWORDS 1 - PROTOCOLS
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - COMMUNICATIONS
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - TIME AND DATE
4 - INFORMATION 4 - DISPLAY CONTROLS
5 - DISP. LIGHT. [Link]
6 - COMMAND BUTTONS

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - NOMINAL VALUES 0 - TIME AND DATE

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PASSWORDS 1 - LOCAL TIME ZONE
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - COMMUNICATIONS 2 - SUMMER/WINTER ENAB
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - TIME AND DATE 3 - SUMMER START HOUR
4 - INFORMATION 4 - DISPLAY CONTROLS 4 - TYPE OF SUMMER DAY
5 - DISP. LIGHT. [Link] 5 - SUMMER STARTINGDAY
6 - COMMAND BUTTONS 6 - SUMMER START MONTH
7 - WINTER START HOUR
8 - TYPE OF WINTER DAY
9 - WINTER STARTINGDAY
10 - WINTER START MONTH

3.21-5
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.21-6
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.22 General
Settings

3.22.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.22-2

3.22.2 Unit in Service ........................................................................................................ 3.22-2
3.22.2.a Auxiliary Outputs and Events (Protection in Service) ....................................... 3.22-2
3.22.3 Transformer Ratios ................................................................................................ 3.22-2
3.22.4 Input Transducers .................................................................................................. 3.22-2
3.22.4.a Models with Power Supply Voltage Monitoring ................................................ 3.22-3
3.22.5 Phase Sequence.................................................................................................... 3.22-3
3.22.6 Number of Voltage Transformers .......................................................................... 3.22-3
3.22.6.a Information on Magnitudes with 2 or 3 Voltage Transformers.......................... 3.22-5
3.22.7 General Settings .................................................................................................... 3.22-5
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.22.1 Introduction
The following settings are included within the General Settings group: Unit in Service,
Transformer Ratios, Phase Sequence and Number of Voltage Transformers.

3.22.2 Unit in Service

Relay enabled (YES), means that all relay functions work normally (dependent on function
settings).

If relay is disabled (NO), all functions are restricted to measurement operations only.
Measurements are visualized on display and through local and remote communications.

3.22.2.a Auxiliary Outputs and Events (Protection in Service)

Table 3.22-1: Auxiliary Outputs and Events (Protection In Service)

Name Description Function
Indicates that the IED is
PROT_INSRV Protection in service working with all the functions
available.

3.22.3 Transformer Ratios

Transformer ratio defines how analog values are displayed on the protection display. If
transformer ratio is set to 1, secondary values are displayed. If, on the other hand, the
transformer ratio corresponding to analog input adapter transformer is selected, primary values
are displayed. Settable turn ratios are:

• Phase, ground, sensitive ground, polarization ground, ungrounded neutral currents (as
per model).
• Phase, synchronism and ground voltage (as per model).

In all cases, all overcurrent and overvoltage protection element settings are referred to
secondary values. Programmable logic analog settings could refer both to secondary and
primary values.

3.22.4 Input Transducers

Depending on the relay model, input current transducers are included. Depending of the HW,
the following converter options can be selected: 0 to 5mA, -2.5 to +2.5 mA or 4 to 20 mA.

It is through the programmable logic that the converter can be allocated with a magnitude and a
constant to represent the true reading (current, voltage, power,...) and the transformation ratio.
The measured current in mA is turned into the actual measured magnitude and shown on the
display (V, A, W,...).

3.22-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.22 General Settings

3.22.4.a Models with Power Supply Voltage Monitoring

In models incorporating Power Supply Voltage Monitoring function, the relay is provided with a
specific HW that allows direct current measurements. Two types of transducers exist depending
on nominal voltage of the digital inputs:

• For 24Vdc and 48Vdc digital input relays.

• For 125Vdc and 250Vdc digital input relays.

The measured magnitude is available for display and recording in all functions using “user
magnitudes” (HMI, ZivercomPlus®, Oscillograms, Events, Logs, Programmable Logic,
Protocols,...).

As for the rest of transducers, they have the same characteristics as in paragraph 3.22.3.

3.22.5 Phase Sequence

Power system phase sequence (ABC or ACB) can be selected in order to:

• Adequately calculate sequence components.

• Select correct directional element polarization magnitudes.
• Select the angle between side A and side B voltages of Synchronism Element.

The Phase Sequence setting tells the relay the actual system rotation and all functions operate
correctly if analogue current and voltage connections are the same as indicated for A, B and C
phases in the external connection scheme.

3.22.6 Number of Voltage Transformers

Models 2IRX-B incorporate Number of Voltage Transformers setting to adapt the measuring
mode for connection to 3 voltage transformers (phase to ground voltage) or two voltage
transformers (AB and BC phase to phase voltage).

If it is configured for 3 transformers, magnitudes directly calculated from currents and voltages
(Power P, Q and S) are figured out as follows:
* * *
Va⋅ Ia Vb⋅ Ib Vc⋅ Ic
S= + +
2 2 2
where:

P = Re S () Q = Im S () and S = P2 + Q2

3.22-3
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Whereas if the relay is configured for 2 transformers measuring VAB and VBC phase to phase
voltages, the following calculations are made:

• Third phase to phase voltage calculation:

Vca = −( Vab + Vbc )

And power calculation
*
Uab⋅ Ia
S = 3⋅ ⋅ 1∠ − 30º
2
P, Q and S values are obtained as above.

For 3-transformer configuration, phase to phase as well as phase angle difference between
current and phase to neutral voltage are calculated from phase to ground voltages.

For 2 transformer configuration, phase to ground voltages are calculated as follows:

Based on the fact that local source zero sequence impedance setting (ZSL0) must be used, the
following calculations are made:
• V0 Calculation:
Calculated from ZS0 and zero sequence current I0

V0 = -I0 * ZS0

Real and imaginary parts are:

Re( V0 ) = −[Re( I 0 ) ⋅ ZS0 ⋅ cos( Arg _ ZS0 ) − Im( I 0 ) ⋅ ZS0 ⋅ sen( Arg _ ZS0 )]
Im( V0 ) = −[Re( I 0 ) ⋅ ZS0 ⋅ sen( Arg _ ZS0 ) + Im( I 0 ) ⋅ ZS0 ⋅ cos( Arg _ ZS0 )]

• Calculation of Phase to Ground Voltages from Phase to Phase Voltages:

Phase to ground voltages are calculated from phase to phase voltages and zero
sequence voltage

B-phase voltage
3 ⋅ Re( V0 ) − Re( VAB ) + Re( VBC )
Re( VB ) =
3
3 ⋅ Im( V0 ) − Im( VAB ) + Im( VBC )
Im( VB ) =
3

A-phase voltage
Re( VA ) = Re( VAB ) + Re( VB )
Im( VA ) = Im( VAB ) + Im( VB )

C-phase voltage
Re( VC ) = Re( VB ) − Re( VBC )
Im( VC ) = Im( VB ) − Im( VBC )

The rest of calculated magnitudes (PF, Frequency and Energy) are calculated as usual and in
the same way for 2 and 3 transformers.

3.22-4
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.22 General Settings

3.22.6.a Information on Magnitudes with 2 or 3 Voltage Transformers

• On display
With 2 or 3 voltage transformers the following magnitudes are displayed:

• Phase, ground, sensitive ground and ungrounded neutral if applicable, all with their
angles.
• Three sequence currents.
• Three phase voltages and synchronism voltage with their angles.
• Three phase to phase voltages.
• Power, power factor and frequency.
• Energy.
• Oscillographic recording
With 3 voltage transformers the following analog magnitudes are displayed:

• Three phase currents, one ground, one sensitive ground and ungrounded neutral or
polarization current if applicable.
• Three phase to ground voltages and synchronism voltage.

With 2 transformers the same is saved, except that instead of three phase to ground voltages
the two connected phase to phase voltages (Vab and Vbc) are saved.
• Via communications
Information on relay-measured magnitudes can be accessed through communication ports, no
matter whether set to 2 or 3 transformers.

3.22.7 General Settings

Unit In Service
Setting Range Step By Default
Unit In Service YES / NO NO

Transformation Ratio
Setting Range Step By Default
Phase CT Ratio 1 - 3000 1 1
Ground CT Ratio 1 - 3000 1 1
Sensitive Ground CT Ratio 1 - 3000 1 1
Polarizing CT Ratio 1 - 3000 1 1
Directional Ungrounded CT Ratio 1 - 3000 1 1
Phase VT Ratio 1 - 4000 1 1
Busbar VT Ratio 1 - 4000 1 1
Synchronism VT Ratio 1 - 4000 1 1

3.22-5
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Phase Sequence
Setting Range Step By Default
Phase Sequence ABC / ACB ABC

Number of VTs
Setting Range Step By Default
Number of VTs 2/3 3

Transducers
Setting Range Step By Default
Transducer Type 0: 0 - 5 mA -2.5¸ +2.5 mA
1: -2.5¸ +2.5 mA

Event Mask (Via Communications)

Event Mask YES / NO

• General Settings: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - UNIT IN SERVICE

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - PHASE CT RATIO
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 2 - GND CT RATIO
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC 3 - S.G. CT RATIO
4 - INFORMATION ... 4 - POL. CT RATIO
5 - PHASE VT RATIO
6 - BUSBAR VT RATIO
7 - PHASE SEQUENCE
8 - NUMBER OF VT
9 - TRANSDUCERS

0 - GENERAL 0 - UNIT IN SERVICE

1 - PROTECTION 1 - PHASE CT RATIO
2 - RECLOSER 2 - GND CT RATIO
3 - LOGIC 3 - S.G. CT RATIO
... 4 - POL. CT RATIO
5 - PHASE VT RATIO
6 - BUSBAR VT RATIO
7 - PHASE SEQUENCE
8 - NUMBER OF VT
9 - TRANSDUCERS 0 - I1 TRANSDUCER TYPE

3.22-6
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.23 Trip and Close Coil
Circuit Supervision

3.23.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.23-2

3.23.2 Operation Mode ..................................................................................................... 3.23-2
3.23.3 Trip Coil Circuit ...................................................................................................... 3.23-4
3.23.4 Coil Circuits 2 and 3 ............................................................................................... 3.23-5
3.23.5 Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision Settings ................................................... 3.23-6
3.23.6 Digital Outputs and Events of the Trip/Close Coil Circuit Supervision Module ..... 3.23-6
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.23.1 Description
This function permits an alarm when an anomalous situation occurs in the breaker's switching
circuits: losses of the auxiliary switching power supply voltage or openings in the open and
close circuits themselves. Up to three switching circuits can be monitored. Each of them can be
set to both breaker positions (open and closed) or only to one of them.

This monitor function can generate three outputs: Trip Circuit Supervision Failure
(FAIL_SUPR), Switching Circuit Failure 2 (FAIL_CIR2) and Switching Circuit Failure 3
(FAIL_CIR3), which the programmable logic can use to activate any of the IED's auxiliary
contact outputs, also generating the corresponding events.

The three supervisions are treated separately as independent functions that can be
independently set to enabled by means of a setting. Figure 3.23.1 is the block diagram showing
the application in the situation of open breaker for two circuits with open and closed monitoring.

Notice that models without I/O expansion module; i.e. basic model, feature circuit supervision
just for one coil.

3.23.2 Operation Mode

There are settings for supervising the state of three coils: Trip Coil, Coil 2 and Coil 3. Coils 2
and 3 may be trip or close. Hence their generic name. Nevertheless, one of the 3 coils is
identified as trip coil because the activation of its corresponding Trip Circuit Supervision
Failure (FAIL_SUPR) keeps the recloser from moving on to start a reclosure.

Each of the coils has an associated pair of configurable digital inputs for monitoring. They can
be paired to Supervision in 2 States, which is explained next, or individually to Supervision in
1 State. In any case, both modes can be combined for different coils (for example, to monitor
the trip coil in open and closed, and coil two only in open).

3.23-2
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.23 Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision

Table 3.23-1 identifies the status contact inputs that must be used to monitor each of the circuits
in IRX models in general.

Table 3.23-1: Configuration of Digital Inputs for Supervision

Monitored Circuit Supervision in 2 states Supervision in one state
IN2 IN2
Trip Coil
IN3 -
IN10 IN10
Coil 2
IN11 -
IN12 IN12
Coil 3
IN13 -

All these digital inputs do not need to be configured in advance to perform the coils supervision
function. By enabling any of the coils supervision, each pair of digital inputs will be automatically
configured as per the table above.

Moreover, to monitor the Trip Coil and Coil 2, a positive must be entered through terminal
CS1+, and to monitor coil 3, a positive must be entered through terminal CS2+.

Each of the three coils can be configured as:

1. No supervision: The supervision algorithm is not executed and the status contact inputs
associated with the supervision of each of the coils are treated as standard status contact
inputs.
2. Supervision in 2 states: The algorithm is the one indicated by way of example in figure
3.20.1 and explained in section 3.23.3. Basically, an XOR algorithm supervises the state
of the switching circuit in open as well as in closed.
3. Supervision in 1 state: The algorithm only takes into account the supervision of the coil
in the breaker's position configured in the input used for this purpose (IN2, IN10 or IN12).
It does not monitor in the other position and therefore can never detect a fault in the coil.

For each of the monitored coils, it is possible to set a time after which, if there is discordance,
the Failure is activated.

Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision is not sensitive to the impedance of the circuits seen
from the relay. Its operating principle is based on an injection of current pulses that allows
detecting continuity in those circuits. Every second a pulse of 100ms is sent, monitoring that the
current circulates though the circuit. Current will not circulate if the auxiliary contact is open or
the coil circuit is open

3.23-3
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.23.3 Trip Coil Circuit

In the conditions of figure 3.23.1 (open breaker), current pulses are injected through inputs IN2
and IN3.

Because IN2 is connected to contact 52/b (closed) current flows through it and this is detected.
This current flowing means that the voltage on IN2 (+) will correspond to the drop of voltage in
the coil and then, a too low value to get it activated. Then, IN2 will not be activated.

There is no current flowing through IN3 as the contact 52/a is open. Then, the voltage on IN3
(+) will almost be the one available on the open circuit and therefore IN3 will be activated.

Given that the supervision has been programmed for Supervision in 2 states, the µController
in charge of the management of this supervisory function will send a “0” logic to the main
µProcessor and this will set the FAIL_SUPR (Trip Circuit Failure) signal to “0” logic. In this
situation it will be detected that the IN2 digital input is deactivated and IN3 is activated.

If the trip coil opens, the input that was deactivated, IN2, will activate and IN3 will remain
activated. After the configured reset time for trip circuit failure, the Trip Circuit Failure
(FAIL_SUPR) signal will be given.

If a close or a reclosure occurs while the switching circuit is intact, once the command is
executed, the state of the breaker and that of its 52/a and 52/b contacts changes.
Consequently, the activation or deactivation of inputs IN2 and IN3 will invert and the
FAIL_SUPR output will remain deactivated.

The purpose of the reset time is to compensate for the time gap between the closing of contact
52/a and the opening of 52/b. Generally, the IN2 and IN3 digital contacts do not change state
simultaneously and, therefore, there will be a discordance between the two contacts. This will
not modify the state of the FAIL_SUPR output as long as its duration is less than the set time.

If a trip occurs with the breaker closed and the breaker opens, inverting the state of contacts
52/a and 52/b, the FAIL_SUPR signal will not activate regardless of the duration of the trip
command. If the breaker does not execute the command and the open command persists
longer than the established reset time, the FAIL_SUPR signal will activate.

If the switching voltage disappears, the inputs that are energized will de-energize and this will
activate both switching circuit failure outputs (FAIL_SUPR, FAIL_CIR2 and FAIL_CIR3).

When the supervisory function of the trip coil (FAIL_SUPR) detects the rupture of the circuit
and, consequently, the impossibility of tripping, the sending of close commands to the breaker
through the IED should be impeded, manual as well as from the Recloser.

3.23-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.23 Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision

Figure 3.23.1: Trip/Close Coil Circuit Supervision Block Diagram (I).

3.23.4 Coil Circuits 2 and 3

The explanation given for the open circuit is valid for the circuits of coils 2 and 3, referring to a
possible close coil and to the corresponding operating circuit and changing the open commands
for close commands, or to a second trip coil. Moreover, for coils 2 and 3, the reset times for
activating the failure output are independent of that indicated for the open circuit. The failure
signal in the switching circuit is called FAIL_CIR2 and FAIL_CIR3.

3.23-5
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.23.5 Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision Settings

Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision

Setting Range Step By Default
Trip Coil Supervision 0: NO 0: NO
1: One State
2: Two States
Trip Coil Failure Delay 1 - 60 s 1s 5s
Coil 2 Circuit 0: NO 0: NO
1: One State
2: Two States
Coil 2 Failure Delay 1 - 60 s 1s 5s
Coil 3 Circuit 0: NO 0: NO
1: One State
2: Two States
Coil 3 Failure Delay 1 - 60 s 1s 5s

• Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - TRIP COIL

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - CIRCUIT 2 COIL
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP ... 2 - CIRCUIT 3 COIL
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 5 - CIRCUIT COIL SUPERV 3 - TRIP COIL FAIL. DLY.
4 - INFORMATION ... 4 - CIR. 2 COIL [Link]
5 - CIR. 3 COIL [Link]

3.23.6 Digital Outputs and Events of the Trip/Close Coil Circuit

Supervision Module

Table 3.23-2: Digital Outputs and Events of the Trip/Close Coil Circuit Supervision
Module
Name Description Function
FAIL_SUPR Trip circuit supervision failure They activate when an anomaly
FAIL_CIR2 Switching circuit 2 failure is detected in one or more of
FAIL_CIR3 Switching circuit 3 failure the switching circuits.

3.23-6
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.24 Breaker
Monitoring

3.24.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.24-2

3.24.2 Excessive Number of Trips .................................................................................... 3.24-3
3.24.3 Breaker Monitoring Settings .................................................................................. 3.24-3
3.24.4 Digital Inputs of Breaker Monitoring Module .......................................................... 3.24-4
3.24.5 Digital Outputs and Events of Breaker Monitoring Module .................................... 3.24-4
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.24.1 Description
In order to have adequate information for carrying out maintenance operations, the terminal logs
up the current interrupted by the breaker associated to the same for each of the phases and
accumulates the same as amp squared per second. The number thus stored represents the
actual accumulated power interrupted by the breaker.

There is a magnitude known as “interrupted current” for each of the phases that stores the
highest value of the current measured between a trip command or manual trip and the opening
of the breaker. This magnitude is updated each time a trip or manual open command is issued;
in case an Open Command Failure occurs, the magnitude is updated with the value 0.

In case of breaker openings external to the relay, the moment to write is the leading edge of
signal Breaker Status Input: Open (1) / Closed (0). Breaker opening current for this phase will
also be the maximum measured current at that moment or Inominal value in case no
measurement is being taken through the corresponding analog channel.

When a trip occurs, the relay operates as per the formula shown below for the calculation of
KA2sg value:

Accumulated KA2sg = (open current x transformation ratio)2 x opening time

The values of all the implied variables are updated at the moment of the circuit breaker opening.

When a manual open command is issued, whether through the relay or through external means,
the moment to write is the leading edge of signal Breaker Status Input: Open (1) / Closed (0).
Breaker opening current for this phase will also be the phase current interrupted or Inominal
value in case no measurement is being taken through the analog channels. As for the opening
time, an arbitrary value of 20ms is considered in this case.

Once the alarm setting value is reached, the function activates an alarm signal that can be used
through the programmable output function to activate an output; also a record is written into the
event record.

This function is controlled and monitored through two settings:

• Alarm level for accumulated squared amps.

• Actual accumulated squared amps.

This value is updated by the protection relay each time a trip occurs or the breaker opens, and
can be modified manually. The last setting represents the starting value for the accumulated
sum on top of which successive values corresponding to later openings will be summed. This
manual modification allows taking into account the history of breaker openings before relay
installation and is also used to reset the sum following a maintenance operation.

Manual modification is not made through a change in settings, as it is not a setting as such; the
modification requires creating a command through the programmable logic.

3.24-2
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.24 Breaker Monitoring

3.24.2 Excessive Number of Trips

The purpose of Excessive Number of Trips function is to prevent the breaker from an
uncontrolled number of open close operations that might damage the breaker. So that when a
given number of operations is reached, settable from 1 to 100, during a fixed period of time (30
minutes), an output signal is generated that can be connected to any of the relay physical
outputs.

Activation of Excessive Number of Trips function output disables new recloser shots, and
brings the recloser to Recloser Lockout Due to Open Breaker state. This state will reset when
a Manual Close command is issued or upon a loss of auxiliary power supply.

3.24.3 Breaker Monitoring Settings

Breaker Monitoring
Setting Range Step By Default
Excessive Trips 1 - 40 1 40
I2 Sum Alarm x Seconds 0 - 99,999.99 kA2s 0.01 99999.992188 kA²
I2 Dropout Value x Seconds 0 - 99,999.99 kA2s 0.01 0 kA²

• Breaker Monitoring: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL
1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP ... 0 - EXCESSIVE TRIPS
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 4 - BREAKER SUPERV. 1 - I² SUM ALARM
4 - INFORMATION ... 2 - I² DROPOUT VALUE
3 - I² SUM ALARM

3.24-3
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.24.4 Digital Inputs of Breaker Monitoring Module

Table 3.24-1: Digital Inputs of Breaker Monitoring Module

Name Description Function
Allows resetting accumulated
RST_CUMI2 Accumulated I2 reset command
I2 .

3.24.5 Digital Outputs and Events of Breaker Monitoring Module

Table 3.24-2: Digital Outputs and Events of Breaker Monitoring Module

Name Description Function
EXC_NTRIP Excessive number of trips
AL_KA2 Accumulated I2 alarm opened
The same as for the Digital
RST_CUMI2 Accumulated I2 reset command
Inputs.

3.24-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.25 Power Supply Voltage
Monitoring

3.25.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.25-2

3.25.2 Operating Principle ................................................................................................ 3.25-2
3.25.3 Power Supply Voltage Monitoring Settings ........................................................... 3.25-3
3.25.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Power Supply Voltage Monitoring ................ 3.25-3
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.25.1 Introduction
Models where the Input / Output digit for Model Selection shows that the relay is provided with
an input voltage transducer (Sup. VDC), feature a DC Voltage Monitoring function for substation
batteries.

Overvoltage and undervoltage condition alarms can be generated through said monitoring
function, also allowing recording the evolution of said voltage when trips, closing and other
control operations requiring power supply from the monitored batteries take place.

3.25.2 Operating Principle

As the measured battery voltage is relay power supply voltage, measurement is obtained
through hard connection of said supply voltage to the input transducer arranged for voltage
measurement, in parallel with the relay power supply voltage.

Two measurement elements are available, one overvoltage and the other undervoltage, which
compare voltage measured through the transducer with pickup settings.

Elements pickup at 100% of setting and reset at 95% in case of overvoltage and 105% in case
of undervoltage.

These elements are not provided with output timers; their activation / deactivation log the events
and activate / deactivate the signals shown in table 3.25-1.

Output timers can be incorporated through the programmable logic in order to get the necessary
logic function, such as obtaining a new signal as a result of gates AND or OR.

Signals obtained through this logic functions can generate their own events and trigger new
actions (led activation, oscillograph starting,...).

When measured voltage is below 10Vdc, transducer power supply is considered unconnected
and the oscillograph will not start on undervoltage nor will the event and signal activation
corresponding to this undervoltage be generated.

No matter the model (power supply and digital input voltage range), Overvoltage and
Undervoltage elements have only one setting (15Vdc to 300Vdc). Nevertheless, 24 Vdc and
48Vdc models will have a common measurement range and 125Vdc and 250Vdc models will
have another. Measurement ranges for each of them are shown in Chapter 2.

A Log of said voltages can be saved into oscillographic records attached to each relay
operation, logged into the events record, visualized locally or through communications channel
and used for the generation of user logic functions in the “programmable logic”.

Note: this monitoring is only valid for direct current power supply, and if the relay works with alternating
current power supply, the transducer shall not be connected to said power supply.

3.25-2
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.25 Power Supply Voltage Monitoring

3.25.3 Power Supply Voltage Monitoring Settings

DC Power Monitoring
Setting Range Step By Default
DC_OV Pickup 15 - 300 Vdc 0.1 V 300 V
DC_UV Pickup 15 - 300 Vdc 0.1 V 15 V

3.25.4 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Power Supply Voltage

Monitoring

Table 3.25-1: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Power Supply Voltage Monitoring
Name Description Function
These signals activate when
OVDC Power supply overvoltage relay power supply voltage
exceeds battery voltage
monitoring overvoltage or
UVDC Power supply undervoltage undervoltage element settings
respectively.

3.25-3
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.25-4
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.26 Change Settings
Groups

3.26.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.26-2

3.26.2 Digital Inputs to Change Settings Groups ............................................................. 3.26-3
3.26.3 Auxiliary Outputs and Events to Change Settings Groups .................................... 3.26-4
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.26.1 Description
The Protection, Logic and Recloser settings include four alternative groups (GROUP 1, GROUP
2, GROUP 3 and GROUP 4), which can be activated or deactivated from the keypad, through
the communication ports, by using digital inputs or with signals generated in the programmable
logic.

This function permits modifying the active setting groups and, thereby, the response of the
protection. This way, the behaviour of the IED can adapt to changes in the external
circumstances.

Two logic input signals can block changes in the active group from the HMI as well as via
communications. When inputs INH_CGRP_COM and INH_CGRP_HMI are active, groups
cannot be changed with commands via communications nor through the HMI.

If the digital inputs are used to change groups, up to four digital inputs may need to be
configured through the programmable digital inputs:

• Command to activate Settings Group 1 by digital input (CMD_GRP1_DI)

• Command to activate Settings Group 2 by digital input (CMD_GRP2_DI)
• Command to activate Settings Group 3 by digital input (CMD_GRP3_DI)
• Command to activate Settings Group 4 by digital input (CMD_GRP4_DI)

Activating inputs CMD_GRP1_DI, CMD_GRP2_DI, CMD_GRP3_DI and CMD_GRP4_DI will

activate GROUP 1, GROUP 2, GROUP 3 and GROUP 4 respectively.

If, while one of the inputs is active, either of the other three or several of them are activated, no
group change will take place. The status contact settings group control logic will recognize a
single input only. If all four inputs are deactivated, however, the IED will remain in the last active
settings group.

Note: Groups can be changed by activating T1, T2, T3 and T4 only if the display is in the default screen.

3.26-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.26 Change Settings Groups

3.26.2 Digital Inputs to Change Settings Groups

Table 3.26-1: Digital Inputs to Change Settings Groups

Name Description Function
It blocks any change of the
INH_CGRP_COM Inhibit group change via communications active group by the PROCOME
procedure.
It blocks any change of the
INH_CGRP_HMI Inhibit group change via HMI active group through the HMI
menu.
Command to activate Settings Group 1 via
CMD_GRP1_COM
communications
CMD_GRP1_DI Command to activate Settings Group 1 via DI
CMD_GRP1_HMI Command to activate Settings Group 1 via HMI
Command to activate Settings Group 2 via
CMD_GRP2_COM
communications
CMD_GRP2_DI Command to activate Settings Group 2 via DI
CMD_GRP2_HMI Command to activate Settings Group 2 via HMI Commands to change the
Command to activate Settings Group 3 via active group.
CMD_GRP3_COM
communications
CMD_GRP3_DI Command to activate Settings Group 3 via DI
CMD_GRP3_HMI Command to activate Settings Group 3 via HMI
Command to activate Settings Group 4 via
CMD_GRP4_COM
communications
CMD_GRP4_DI Command to activate Settings Group 4 via DI
CMD_GRP4_HMI Command to activate Settings Group 4 via HMI

3.26-3
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.26.3 Auxiliary Outputs and Events to Change Settings Groups

Table 3.26-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events to Change Settings Groups

Name Description Function
The same as for the digital
INH_CGRP_COM Inhibit group change via communications
input.
The same as for the digital
INH_CGRP_HMI Inhibit group change via HMI
input.
Command to activate Settings Group 1 via
CMD_GRP1_COM
communications
CMD_GRP1_DI Command to activate Settings Group 1 via DI
CMD_GRP1_HMI Command to activate Settings Group 1 via HMI
Command to activate Settings Group 2 via
CMD_GRP2_COM
communications
CMD_GRP2_DI Command to activate Settings Group 2 via DI
CMD_GRP2_HMI Command to activate Settings Group 2 via HMI The same as for the digital
Command to activate Settings Group 3 via inputs.
CMD_GRP3_COM
communications
CMD_GRP3_DI Command to activate Settings Group 3 via DI
CMD_GRP3_HMI Command to activate Settings Group 3 via HMI
Command to activate Settings Group 4 via
CMD_GRP4_COM
communications
CMD_GRP4_DI Command to activate Settings Group 4 via DI
CMD_GRP4_HMI Command to activate Settings Group 4 via HMI
T1_ACTIVATED Settings Group 1 activated
T2_ACTIVATED Settings Group 2 activated
Indication of the active group.
T3_ACTIVATED Settings Group 3 activated
T4_ACTIVATED Settings Group 4 activated

3.26-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.27 Event
Record

3.27.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.27-2

3.27.2 Organization of the Event Record.......................................................................... 3.27-5
3.27.3 Event Mask ............................................................................................................ 3.27-5
3.27.4 Consulting the Record ........................................................................................... 3.27-5
3.27.5 Event Record Settings (via communications) ........................................................ 3.27-6
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.27.1 Description
The capacity of the recorder is 400 notations in non-volatile memory. The signals that generate
the events are user-selectable and are recorded with a resolution of 1 ms together with a
maximum of 12 values also selectable from all the available metering values measured or
calculated by the IED (“user defined values”, including VDC in models with power supply
voltage monitoring).

Each of the functions that the system uses records an event in the Event Record when any of
the situations listed in the tables nested in the description of each function occur. Moreover, the
events listed in table 3.27-1 -the IED's general services- are also recorded. The tables
mentioned above only list the events available with the default configuration. The list of signals
can be expanded with those that the user configures in the programmable logic (any signal
existing in the programmable logic can be configured to generate an event with the description
that the user defines).

Table 3.27-1: Event Record

Name Description
HMI access
Clock synchronization
IRIGB Active
External oscillography trigger
Oscillography picked up
Deletion of oscillographs
Open command
Close command
External trip control
Trip by Protection
Open Button 52
Open Button P1
Open Button P2
Open Button P3
Open Button P4 See the description in
Open Button P5 Auxiliary Outputs.
Open Button P6
Close Button 52
Close Button P1
Close Button P2
Close Button P3
Close Button P4
Close Button P5
Close Button P6
Digital Input 1
Digital Input 2
Digital Input 3
Digital Input 4
Digital Input 5
Digital Input 6

3.27-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.27 Event Record

Table 3.27-1: Event Record

Name Description
Digital Input 7
Digital Input 8
Digital Input 9
Digital Input 10
Digital Input 11
Digital Input 12
Digital Input 13
Digital Input 14
Digital Input 15
Digital Input 16
Digital Input 17
Digital Input 18
Digital Input 19
Digital Input 10
Digital Input 21
Digital Input 22
Digital Input 23
Digital Input 24
Digital Input 25 (*)
Validity of Digital Input 1
Validity of Digital Input 2
Validity of Digital Input 3 See the description in
Validity of Digital Input 4 Auxiliary Outputs.
Validity of Digital Input 5
Validity of Digital Input 6
Validity of Digital Input 7
Validity of Digital Input 8
Validity of Digital Input 9
Validity of Digital Input 10
Validity of Digital Input 11
Validity of Digital Input 12
Validity of Digital Input 13
Validity of Digital Input 14
Validity of Digital Input 15
Validity of Digital Input 16
Validity of Digital Input 17
Validity of Digital Input 18
Validity of Digital Input 19
Validity of Digital Input 20
Validity of Digital Input 21
Validity of Digital Input 22
Validity of Digital Input 23
Validity of Digital Input 24
Validity of Digital Input 25 (*)

3.27-3
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Table 3.27-1: Event Record

Name Description
Auxiliary Output 1
Auxiliary Output 2
Auxiliary Output 3
Auxiliary Output 4
Auxiliary Output 5
Auxiliary Output 6
Auxiliary Output 7
Auxiliary Output 8
Auxiliary Output 9
Auxiliary Output 10
Auxiliary Output 11
Auxiliary Output 12 (*)
Input of breaker position: Open (1) / Closed (0)
LEDs reset input
Power meters reset input
Maximeters reset command
Indicator of current in the line See the description in
Current detected with open breaker status Auxiliary Outputs.
Cold load pickup of IED
Manual reinitialization of the IED
Change of settings initialization
Port 0 communication failure
Port 1 communication failure
Port 2 communication failure
Port 3 communication failure
Remote
Local Control
Panel-controlled
Critical system error
Non-critical system error
System event
Equipment warm start up
Maximeters reset input
Distance to the fault reset input

(*)The number of Digital Inputs and Auxiliary Outputs available will depend on each particular model

All the configured events as well as the pre-existing ones in the default configuration can be
masked.

The text indicated in the events tables is expanded with the message Activation of... when the
event is generated by activation of any of the signals or Deactivation of... when the event is
generated by deactivation of the signal.

3.27-4
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.27 Event Record

3.27.2 Organization of the Event Record

The event record capacity is 400 events. When the record is full, a new event displaces the
oldest one. The following information is stored in each event register:

• Values of the 12 magnitudes selected at the time the event is generated

• Event date and time

Event recorder management is optimized so that simultaneous operations generated by the

same event occupy a single position in the event memory. For example, the simultaneous
occurrence of the phase A and neutral time overcurrent pickups are recorded in the same
memory position. However, if the occurrences are not simultaneous, two separate events are
generated. Simultaneous events are those operations occurring within a 1 ms interval, the
resolution time of the recorder.

3.27.3 Event Mask

Use the General settings in communications to mask unneeded or unused events for system
behaviour analysis. Events are masked by communications within the General settings.

Important: Events that can be generated in excess should be masked since they could fill the
memory (400 events) and erase more important previous events.

3.27.4 Consulting the Record

The communications and remote management program, ZivercomPlus®, has a completely
decoded system for consulting the Event Record.

3.27-5
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.27.5 Event Record Settings (via communications)

Events Mask
IED events may be masked separately

Event Magnitudes
Up to 12 different magnitudes may be selected to be annotated with each equipment event. Said
magnitudes are:
ACTGRP HARM4 IA IG PMAX VB
ALARMS HARM4 VA IGN PMIN VBC
ALL RECLOSING HARM5 IA IMAX POS SEQ VC
CUMULATIVE kA^2 HARM5 VA IMIN POS SEQ VCA
DIST HARM6 IA IPOL Q VDC
DISTk HARM6 VA ISG QMAX VG
DISTm HARM7 IA [Link] QMIN VMAX
FAULTT HARM7 VA [Link] ROC FREQ VMIN
FIRST RECLOSING HARM8 IA NEG SEQ S VSYNC
FREQ HARM8 VA NEG SEQ SMAX ZERO SEQ I
FREQ SYNC IA Null SMIN ZERO SEQ V
HARM2 IA IAB OPENC THERMAL IMG
HARM2 VA IB P TRANSDUCER C1
HARM3 IA IBC [Link] Energy VA
HARM3 VA IC [Link] VAB
ICA PF

Note: all magnitudes for each event are stored in secondary values; therefore not affected by any primary-to-
secondary ratio except for energy magnitudes that are always recorded in primary values.

3.27-6
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.28 Fault
Reports

3.28.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.28-2

3.28.2 Fault Start Time Tag .............................................................................................. 3.28-2
3.28.3 Trip Command Time Tag ....................................................................................... 3.28-2
3.28.4 End of Fault Time Tag ........................................................................................... 3.28-2
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.28.1 Introduction
The terminal incorporates Fault Reports register, which stores the most relevant information
about last 15 faults cleared by the IED. Access to this information is available through the
communication ports. The information stored in each fault report is listed below:

3.28.2 Fault Start Time Tag

It presents the date and time of the pickup of the first element involved in the fault. It also
includes:

• Pre-fault currents and voltages. They are the values of the phase, ground, sensitive
ground and ungrounded neutral current if there is one, and of the measured voltages
(phase and line, depending on the model)) two cycles before the onset of the fault; that is,
before the pickup of the element generating this fault report.

The values of the negative and zero sequence currents and negative sequence voltage
are also registered. The currents as well as the line-to-neutral voltages are recorded with
their arguments.

• Elements picked up (depending on the model) for full fault duration.

3.28.3 Trip Command Time Tag

It presents the date and time of the trip command. It also presents:

• Fault currents and voltages. They are the values of the phase, ground, sensitive
ground and ungrounded neutral current if there is one and of the measured voltages
(phase and line, depending on the model) two and a half sequences after the onset of the
fault; that is, after the pickup of the element generating this fault report.

The values of the negative and zero sequence currents and negative sequence voltage
are also registered. The currents as well as the line-to-neutral voltages are recorded with
their arguments.

• Elements tripped (depending on the model).

• Distance to the fault and type of fault (single-phase, two-phase, etc.)

3.28.4 End of Fault Time Tag

It is the date and time of the reset of the last element involved in the fault.

Angle values included in the report use as reference the pre-fault phase A voltage. Each
annotation of the fault report shows the following information at the time of the trip.

• Setting Group activated at time of trip.

• Reclose Sequence in which the equipment is found before the trip is produced.
• Frequency.
• Distance to the fault in percentage of the line length (%).
• Thermal State.
• Breaker opening current per phase.
• Accumulated by time KA2sg.

3.28-2
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.29 Metering History
Log

3.29.1 Operation ............................................................................................................... 3.29-2

3.29.2 Metering History Log Settings................................................................................ 3.29-4
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.29.1 Operation
This function records the evolution of the values monitored at the point where the IED is
installed. Each second, it samples each of the values programmed for this purpose and
calculates their average over the interval defined as Sampling Interval. This time interval is
adjustable between 1 and 15 minutes.

The Recording Interval is an adjustable period of time between 1 minute and 24 hours. The
maximum and minimum averages recorded in the whole interval are recorded with their final
time stamp. Figure 3.29.1 shows how the Metering History Log works.

-SI: Sampling Interval;

the figure shows an SI
value of one minute.

-RI: Recording Interval;

the figure shows a RI of
15 minutes.

Figure 3.29.1: Explanatory Diagram of the Metering Log.

There are 12 History Log Groups. For each of those 12 values, up to 4 different metering
values can be selected.

Each TM window yields two VM values that correspond to the maximum and minimum
averages of configured group magnitudes. If only one group magnitude is configured, the
average value coincides with the maximum and minimum values (see figure 3.29.1). Maximum
and minimum value of all maximum and minimum group VMs computed are stored and shown
in each TR interval. The profile of figure 3.29.1 yields the following values: VR1 - Vr1; VR2 -
Vr2; VR3 - Vr3; VR4 - Vr4 and VR5 - Vr5.

Note: if phase or ground elements pick up during the Sampling Interval, the average of the measurements made
while the elements were not picked up is recorded. Otherwise, if the elements remain picked up throughout the
SI, the value recorded is: 0A / 0V.

As already indicated, twelve (12) values can be configured among all the direct or calculated
metering values (“user defined values”, including VDC in models with power supply voltage
monitoring) available in the IED (Mi). For each group, up to four different magnitudes can be
selected, an average value being obtained for each magnitude along the Window for Average
Calculation. See figure 3.29.2.

3.29-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.29 Metering History Log

Thus, for every group (up to 12

groups), maximum and minimum
measurements of the different
magnitudes (up to 4 magnitudes) in
each average interval are calculated.
Maximum and minimum values of all
maximum and minimum
measurements obtained along said
interval for each group are recorded in
each recording interval.

Figure 3.29.2: Metering History Log Logic.

The memory available for the metering log is RAM, large enough for 168 values. The memory
can be customized by defining an hour range and Week Mask (the same hour range for all the
days). No values outside the mask will be recorded.

Likewise, the phase currents and voltages as well as the powers are constantly sampled. The
sampled values are compared with those already stored. This keeps a maximum/minimum
demand metering of the phase currents and voltages and of the active, reactive and apparent
powers up to date.

These maximum and minimum values are stored in non-volatile memory, so they are reset by
the logic input signal, Maximum Demand Element Reset.

All this information is only available via communications through the communications and
remote management program ZivercomPlus®.

3.29-3
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.29.2 Metering History Log Settings

Metering History Log

Setting Range Step By Default
Sampling Interval 1 - 15 min 1 1 min
Recording Interval 00.00 to 24:00 00:01
Week Mask Monday to Sunday YES / NO YES
Recording Start Time 00.00 to 24:00 00.00
Recording End Time 00.00 to 24:00 24:00

Log Groups
There are 12 Log Groups. Up to 4 different magnitudes may be defined within each group for historical
record calculations. Said magnitudes are:
ACTGRP HARM4 IA IG PMAX VB
ALARMS HARM4 VA IGN PMIN VBC
ALL RECLOSING HARM5 IA IMAX POS SEQ VC
CUMULATIVE kA^2 HARM5 VA IMIN POS SEQ VCA
DIST HARM6 IA IPOL Q VDC
DISTk HARM6 VA ISG QMAX VG
DISTm HARM7 IA [Link] QMIN VMAX
FAULTT HARM7 VA [Link] ROC FREQ VMIN
FIRST RECLOSING HARM8 IA NEG SEQ S VSYNC
FREQ HARM8 VA NEG SEQ SMAX ZERO SEQ I
FREQ SYNC IA Null SMIN ZERO SEQ V
HARM2 IA IAB OPENC THERMAL IMG
HARM2 VA IB P TRANSDUCER C1
HARM3 IA IBC [Link] Energy VA
HARM3 VA IC [Link] VAB
ICA PF

Note: all magnitudes for each event are stored in secondary values; therefore not affected by any primary-to-
secondary ratio except for energy magnitudes that are always recorded in primary values.

• Metering History Log: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - SAMPLE INTERVAL

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - LOG REC. INTERVAL
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP ... 2 - HIST. START TIME
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 6 - HISTORY 3 - HIST. END TIME
4 - INFORMATION ...

3.29-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.30 Oscillographic
Recording

3.30.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.30-2

3.30.2 Capture Function ................................................................................................... 3.30-2
3.30.3 Stored Data ............................................................................................................ 3.30-2
3.30.4 Number of Channels and Digital Signals ............................................................... 3.30-2
3.30.5 Start Function......................................................................................................... 3.30-3
3.30.6 Oscillograph Deletion Function .............................................................................. 3.30-3
3.30.7 Trip Required ......................................................................................................... 3.30-3
3.30.8 Concatenation Stream Mode ................................................................................. 3.30-3
3.30.9 Pre-fault Time ........................................................................................................ 3.30-4
3.30.10 Length of the Oscillograph ..................................................................................... 3.30-4
3.30.11 Interval between Triggers ...................................................................................... 3.30-4
3.30.12 Oscillography Settings ........................................................................................... 3.30-5
3.30.13 Digital Inputs of the Oscillographic Recording ....................................................... 3.30-7
3.30.14 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Oscillographic Recording ............................. 3.30-7
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.30.1 Introduction
The Oscillography function is composed of two different sub functions: Capture and Display.
The first captures and stores protection data inside the IED and is part of the relay's software;
the second retrieves and presents the stored data graphically with one or more programs
running on a PC connected to the protection.

The sampling and storage frequency is 32 samples per cycle with 15 seconds of total storage.
Permanence of the information, with the IED disconnected from the power supply, is
guaranteed during 28 days at 25º (except for models with long term oscillography where 15
days at 25º are guaranteed. See Chapter 30 Long Term Oscillographic Recording).

The IEDs come with a display and analysis program, because the waveform records are in
binary COMTRADE format according to IEEE standard C37.111-1999. The COMTRADE file
generated considers the changes in frequency that can occur in the system, so that the analog
magnitudes are stored with complete fidelity to how they have evolved on the system.

3.30.2 Capture Function

It is possible to record measured analog values, user defined values, digital inputs to the IED,
internal logic signals generated by the protection and the programmable logic up to a total of 64
oscillographs in cyclical memory.

3.30.3 Stored Data

The following data are stored with a resolution time equal to the sampling rate:

• Value of the samples of the selected parameters (measured and user defined) and of the
digital and analogical signals programmed for this purpose.
• Time stamp of the Oscillography startup.

3.30.4 Number of Channels and Digital Signals

Depending on the model is possible to record up to 15 analog values, enabling or disabling
them via independent settings.

It is possible to include up to 5 user defined values. User defined values are every calculated
value including those values calculated by the programmable logic via ZivercomPlus®software.

Models with Power Supply Voltage Monitoring measure the voltage via a transducer input. This
value is considered an user defined value.

User defined values include any type of parameters. If sine waves are recorded the
Oscillography records the changes of the RMS value.

Values are stored in the COMTRADE oscillography format with the label assigned in the
programmable logic. The power supply voltage is stored with the label VDC.

It is also possible to assign direct metering from the analog channels as a user defined value.
Being waveforms the RMS value is stored. COMTRADE label is VALUE_u (ie. VA_u).

The maximum number of recorded digital signals is 80. Each user defined value configured in
the Oscillography counts as 16 digital signals.

3.30-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.30 Oscillographic Recording

3.30.5 Start Function

The start function is determined by a programmable mask applied to certain internal signals
(element pickups, open command, etc.) and to an external pickup signal (which, if it is to be
used, must be connected to any of the physical status contact inputs, to a programmable button
of the HMI, to a command via communications or to a signal configured for this purpose in the
programmable logic).

If the start function mask setting is YES, this signal activates the Oscillography startup. This
signal will not start the Oscillography function if its mask setting is NO.

3.30.6 Oscillograph Deletion Function

Since the Oscillograph records are stored in non-volatile memory, there is a mechanism that
allows deleting all the content of this memory externally.

The Oscillograph Deletion Function can operate by activating the Deletion of Oscillographs
signal, which can be assigned by the programmable logic to any of the physical inputs, to a
programmable button of the HMI, to a command via communications, etc.).

3.30.7 Trip Required

Data are stored only if a trip occurs within the time configured as Oscillography record length.

3.30.8 Concatenation Stream Mode

The YES / NO setting allow extending the oscillography record length if new pickups of
elements occur while one is being recorded. The recording system restarts the count of
sequences to store if any other element picks up before the element generating the
oscillography pickup resets.

It is possible for multiple pickups to occur during a fault. Sometimes these pickups are not
simultaneous but they are staged in the early moments of a fault. The available memory to store
oscillography is divided in zones, depending on the oscillography length setting. To optimize the
memory management, pickups occurring during the interval of pickups set of a fault do not
extend the length of the oscillography.

3.30-3
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.30.9 Pre-fault Time

This is the length of pre-fault data that must be stored before the start function initiates a record.
The setting range is from 0 to 25 pre-fault cycles.

3.30.10 Length of the Oscillograph

It is the fault record duration. The number of records stored in memory varies and depends on
the number of channels recorded and the length of the fault records. Once the recording
memory is full, the next event will overwrite the oldest one stored.

The maximum number of Set number of cycles Max. number of oscillographs

waveform records is 64, 725 1
and the maximum number 350 2
of cycles that can be 175 3
stored in memory is 725.
... ...
Depending on the length
selected, the maximum 22 32
number varies. 11 64

Note 1: when selecting the length of each oscillograph, it is important to take into account that if, for example,
an oscillography record length greater than 350 cycles is selected, only one oscillograph can be stored.
Note 2: modifying settings belonging to the oscillography recording or loading a programmable logic
configuration will erase all the oscillography files recorded in the IED.

3.30.11 Interval between Triggers

This setting is used to discriminate whether consecutive elements pick-ups correspond to the
same fault or not. This way, all activations during that interval would be considered as belonging
to the same fault and, therefore, the record is not enlarged

However, for activations after that time, and as long as the Continuous Mode setting is
enabled, the record will be enlarged as per the Length of the Oscillograph setting.

3.30-4
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.30 Oscillographic Recording

3.30.12 Oscillography Settings

Oscillography
Setting Range Step By Default
Trip Required YES / NO YES
Continuous Mode YES / NO NO
Pre-Fault Recording Length 0 - 25 cycles 1 5
Post-Fault Recording Length 5 - 725 cycles 1 5
Interval between Triggers 1 - 725 cycles 1 4

Trigger Mask
Setting Step By Default
Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent (50PH1, 50PH2 and 50PH3) YES / NO NO
Phase Time Overcurrent (51PH1, 51PH2 and 51PH3) YES / NO NO
Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent (50G1, 50G2 and 50G3) YES / NO NO
Ground Time Overcurrent (51G1, 51G2 and 51G3) YES / NO NO
Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent (50NS1 and 50NS2) YES / NO NO
Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent (51NS1, 51NS2 and 50NS3) YES / NO NO
Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent (50SG) YES / NO NO
Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent (51SG) YES / NO NO
Voltage Restrained Time Overcurrent (51V) YES / NO NO
Directional Ungrounded (67NA) YES / NO NO
Open Phase YES / NO NO
Residual Current Element YES / NO NO
Phase Overvoltage (59PH1, 59 PH2 and 59 PH3) YES / NO NO
Phase Undervoltage (27 PH1, 27 PH2 and 27 PH3) YES / NO NO
Ground Overvoltage (59N1 and 59N2 or 64_1 and 64_2) YES / NO NO
Negative Sequence Overvoltage (47) YES / NO NO
Overfrequency (81M1, 81M2, 81M3 and 81M4) YES / NO NO
Underfrequency (81m1, 81m2, 81m3 and 81m4) YES / NO NO
Frequency Rate of Change (81D1, 81D2, 81D3 and 81D4) YES / NO NO
Thermal Image (49) YES / NO NO
Directional Power (32P/Q1 and 32P/Q2) YES / NO NO
Restricted Earth Faults (87N) YES / NO NO
Out of Step (78) YES / NO NO
Programmable Trip (configurable in the programmable logic) YES / NO NO
External Trigger YES / NO YES
Power Supply Undervoltage YES / NO NO
Power Supply Overvoltage YES / NO NO

3.30-5
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Analog Channel Mask (maximum 10 channels)

1 - Phase A Current 7 - Phase A Voltage
2 - Phase B Current 8 - Phase B Voltage
3 - Phase C Current 9 - Phase C Voltage
4 - Ground Current (depending on model) 10 - Ground Voltage (depending on model)
5 - Sensitive Ground Current (depending on model) 11 - Synchronism Voltage
6 - Ungrounded Neutral Current (depending on model)

User Defined Values (Up to 5 values)

ACTGRP HARM4 IA IG PMAX VB
ALARMS HARM4 VA IGN PMIN VBC
ALL RECLOSING HARM5 IA IMAX POS SEQ VC
CUMULATIVE kA^2 HARM5 VA IMIN POS SEQ VCA
DIST HARM6 IA IPOL Q VDC
DISTk HARM6 VA ISG QMAX VG
DISTm HARM7 IA [Link] QMIN VMAX
FAULTT HARM7 VA [Link] ROC FREQ VMIN
FIRST RECLOSING HARM8 IA NEG SEQ S VSYNC
FREQ HARM8 VA NEG SEQ SMAX ZERO SEQ I
FREQ SYNC IA Null SMIN ZERO SEQ V
HARM2 IA IAB OPENC THERMAL IMG
HARM2 VA IB P TRANSDUCER C1
HARM3 IA IBC [Link] Energy VA
HARM3 VA IC [Link] VAB
ICA PF

Note: each User Defined value configured in the Oscillography counts as 16 digital signals

Digital Channel Selection (maximum 80)

Selectable from all configurable Digital Inputs and Digital Signals

• Oscillographic Recording: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - TRIP REQUIRED

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION 1 - CONTINUOUS MODE
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP ... 2 - PRETRIG. LENGTH
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 7 - OSCILLOGRAPHY 3 - LENGTH
4 - INFORMATION ... 4 - TRIGGERS INTERVAL
5 - OSCILLO CHANN. MASK

3.30-6
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.30 Oscillographic Recording

3.30.13 Digital Inputs of the Oscillographic Recording

Table 3.30-1: Digital Inputs of the Oscillographic Recording

Name Description Function
Input intended for external
TRIG_EXT_OSC External oscillography trigger
triggering.
The activation of this input
DEL_OSC Deletion of oscillographs deletes all the oscillographs
stored.
Activation of this input puts the
element into service. The
ENBL_OSC Oscillographic recording enable input
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”

3.30.14 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Oscillographic Recording

Table 3.30-2: Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Oscillographic Recording

Name Description Function
The same as for the digital
TRIG_EXT_OSC External oscillography trigger
input.
This output indicates that the
PU_OSC Oscillography picked up oscillographic recording is on
process.
The same as for the digital
DEL_OSC Deletion of oscillographs
input.
Activation of this input puts the
element into service. The
ENBL_OSC Oscillographic recording enable input
default value of this logic input
signal is a “1.”
Indication of enabled or
OSC_ENBLD Oscillographic recording enabled
disabled status of the element.

3.30-7
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.30-8
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.31 Inputs, Outputs &
LED Targets

3.31.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.31-2

3.31.2 Digital Inputs .......................................................................................................... 3.31-2
3.31.2.a Enable Input ...................................................................................................... 3.31-3
3.31.2.b Digital Inputs Settings ....................................................................................... 3.31-4
3.31.2.c Digital Inputs Table ........................................................................................... 3.31-4
3.31.3 Auxiliary Outputs .................................................................................................... 3.31-7
3.31.3.a Auxiliary Outputs Table..................................................................................... 3.31-8
3.31.3.b Trip and Close Outputs ................................................................................... 3.31-13
3.31.4 LED Targets ......................................................................................................... 3.31-13
3.31.5 Digital Inputs, Auxiliary Outputs and LED’s Test ................................................. 3.31-14
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.31.1 Introduction
The IRX has a flexible, user-definable structure of Inputs / Outputs / LEDs. It is described in
the following sections. Factory programming included default values. Settings can be changed
using the software package ZivercomPlus®.

3.31.2 Digital Inputs

The number of digital inputs available will depend on each particular model. All these inputs can
be configured with any input signal to the pre-existing protection and control modules or defined
by the user in the programmable logic.

The Filtering of the digital inputs can be configured with the following options:

• Time between Samplings Filter 1 (2-10 ms): to establish the periodicity with which
samples of the state of a digital input are taken.
• Number of Samples with the same Value to Validate a Filter-1 Input (1-10): the
number of samples that must be detected consecutively to consider an input deactivated
or activated can be set to logical "0" or "1" respectively.
• Time between Samplings Filter 2 (2-10 ms): to establish the periodicity with which
samples of the state of a digital input are taken.
• Number of Samples with the same Value to Validate a Filter-2 Input (1-10): The
number of samples that must be detected consecutively to consider an input deactivated
or activated can be set to logical "0" or "1" respectively.
• Filter Assignation (Filter 1 / Filter 2): Each configurable digital input can be assigned to
"filter 1" or to "filter 2." The settings previously defined allow constructing filters 1 and 2 to
create fast and slow detection inputs.
• Number of Changes to Deactivate an Input and its Time Slot (2-60/1-30s): an
adjustable time slot is established to keep a digital input in which there is an external or
internal malfunction to the relay from generating problems. This time slot monitors the
number of times that this digital input changes condition. If this number of changes in
state exceeds a set value, is disabled and the input keep on quite at its last status. Once
an input is disabled, it will be enabled again when the enabling conditions are met or by
an enabling command.
• Number of Changes to Enable an Input and its Time Slot: as for disabling, to enable
an input again, there is also a time slot and a user-definable number of changes within
that slot.

3.31-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.31 Inputs, Outputs & LED Targets

The IED's metering elements and logic functions use Logic Input Signals in their operation.
They are enumerated in the tables nested in the description of each of them. Those
corresponding to the IED's general services are listed in table 3.31-1 and can be assigned to
the Physical Digital Inputs or to logic output signals of opcodes configured in the
programmable logic. More than one Logic Input Signal can be assigned to a Single Status
Contact Input, but the same logic input signal cannot be assigned to more than one status
contact input.

The tables mentioned above only list the inputs available with the default configuration. The list
of inputs can be expanded with those that are configured in the programmable logic (any logic
input signal created in the programmable logic can be used with the description that the user
creates).

3.31.2.a Enable Input

Each protection element module of the relay has a special “logic input signal” to put it “into
service” or “out of service” from the HMI (buttons on the front), with a digital input by level and
with the communications protocol configured in each port (control command).

This logic input signal is called Enable Input…. It combines with the In Service setting in this
algorithm.

Figure 3.31.1: Element Enable Logic.

The default value of the logic input signal Element Enable Input... is a “1.” Therefore, when you
do not configure the programmable logic at all, putting the protection elements into service
depends only on the value of the In Service setting of each of them. The logic configuration to
activate or switch off the enabling logic input signal will be as complicated or simple as you
wish, from assigning it to a status contact input to building logical schemas with the various logic
gates available (flip-flop’s, etc.).

Those protection functions that are put “out of service” by any of these methods will not
generate or activate any of their associated logic signals, not even those that may be configured
in the programmable logic and are directly related to these functions.

3.31-3
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.31.2.b Digital Inputs Settings

Digital Inputs
Setting Range Step By Default
Time Between Samples (Filter 1) 2 - 10 ms 2 6 ms
Time Between Samples (Filter 2) 2 - 10 ms 2 6 ms
Number of Samples to Validate Changes (Filter 1) 1 - 10 samples 1 2 samples
Number of Samples to Validate Changes (Filter 2) 1 - 10 samples 1 2 samples
Filter Assignation (independent setting for each DI) 0 = Filter 1 0 = Filter 1
1 = Filter 2
Number of Changes to Disable 2 - 60 changes 1 5 changes
Time to Disable 1 - 30 s 1 2s
Number of Changes to Enable 2 - 60 changes 1 5 changes
Time to Enable 1 - 30 s 1 2s
Automatic ED disable 0 = NO 1 1
(independent for each IED digital input) 1 = YES

3.31.2.c Digital Inputs Table

Table 3.31-1: Digital Inputs

Name Description Function
CEXT_TRIP External trip control It blocks all trips.
IN_BKR Input of breaker position: Open (1) / Closed (0) It monitors breaker status.
Its activation sets the content of
IN_RST_MAX Maximeters reset the current, voltage and power
demand elements to zero.
Its activation sets the value of
IN_RST_DIS Input of distance to the fault reset the distance to the fault sent via
communications to zero.
Its activation sets the content of
IN_PMTR_RST Power meters reset
the power meters to zero.
Enables the operation of the
automatic system to adapt to
ENBL_PLL Digital PLL input enable
the frequency. By default, when
not configured, it is a logic “1.”
LED_1 LED 1
LED_2 LED 2
LED_3 LED 3
LED_4 LED 4 They activate their
LED_5 LED 5 corresponding LEDs.
LED_6 LED 6
LED_7 LED 7
LED_8 LED 8

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Table 3.31-1: Digital Inputs

Name Description Function
CMD_DIS_DI1 Command to disable digital input 1
CMD_DIS_DI2 Command to disable digital input 2
CMD_DIS_DI3 Command to disable digital input 3
CMD_DIS_DI4 Command to disable digital input 4
CMD_DIS_DI5 Command to disable digital input 5
CMD_DIS_DI6 Command to disable digital input 6
CMD_DIS_DI7 Command to disable digital input 7
CMD_DIS_DI8 Command to disable digital input 8 Inputs to the module of digital
CMD_DIS_DI9 Command to disable digital input 9 inputs that activate and
CMD_DIS_DI10 Command to disable digital input 10 deactivate each of the digital
CMD_DIS_DI11 Command to disable digital input 11 inputs.
CMD_DIS_DI12 Command to disable digital input 12
CMD_DIS_DI13 Command to disable digital input 13
CMD_DIS_DI14 Command to disable digital input 14
CMD_DIS_DI15 Command to disable digital input 15
CMD_DIS_DI16 Command to disable digital input 16
CMD_DIS_DI17 Command to disable digital input 17
CMD_DIS_DI18 Command to disable digital input 18 (*)
Sets the relay in remote mode.
REMOTE Remote Must be activated to enable
DNP 3.0 commands.
Means ‘Local Commands’
LOCAL Local Control enabled, whose performance is
defined in user’s logic module.
Means ‘Operation Desk
Commands’ enabled, whose
CONTROL_PANEL Operation Desk control
performance is defined in
user’s logic module.

(*)The number of digital inputs and digital outputs available will depend on each particular model.

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Table 3. 30-1: Digital Inputs

Name Description Function
CMD_ENBL_DI1 Command to enable digital input 1
CMD_ENBL_DI2 Command to enable digital input 2
CMD_ENBL_DI3 Command to enable digital input 3
CMD_ENBL_DI4 Command to enable digital input 4
CMD_ENBL_DI5 Command to enable digital input 5
CMD_ENBL_DI6 Command to enable digital input 6
CMD_ENBL_DI7 Command to enable digital input 7
CMD_ENBL_DI8 Command to enable digital input 8 Inputs to the module of digital
CMD_ENBL_DI9 Command to enable digital input 9 inputs that activate and
CMD_ENBL_DI10 Command to enable digital input 10 deactivate each of the digital
CMD_ENBL_DI11 Command to enable digital input 11 inputs.
CMD_ENBL_DI12 Command to enable digital input 12
CMD_ENBL_DI13 Command to enable digital input 13
CMD_ENBL_DI14 Command to enable digital input 14
CMD_ENBL_DI15 Command to enable digital input 15
CMD_ENBL_DI16 Command to enable digital input 16
CMD_ENBL_DI17 Command to enable digital input 17
CMD_ENBL_DI18 Command to enable digital input 18 (*)
DO_1 Digital output 1
DO_2 Digital output 2
DO_3 Digital output 3
They activate their
DO_4 Digital output 4
corresponding outputs.
DO_5 Digital output 5
DO_6 Digital output 6
DO_7 Digital output 7 (*)

(*)The number of digital inputs and digital outputs available will depend on each particular model.

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3.31.3 Auxiliary Outputs

The number of digital outputs available will depend on each particular model. They can all be
configured with any input or output signal of the pre-existing protection and control modules or
defined by the user in the programmable logic.

The IED's metering elements and logic functions generate a series of logic output signals. Each
of these signals has either a “true” or “false” value and this status can be used as an input to
either of the combinational logic gates shown in figure 3.31.2. The use of the combinational
logic gates described in figure is optional. Its purpose is to facilitate the simplest configurations.
To develop more complex algorithms and be able to assign the resulting outputs to auxiliary
contact outputs, the necessary opcodes must be programmed in the programmable logic.

The outputs from the blocks described in figure 3.31.2 can be connected to one of the
programmable auxiliary contact outputs in the IED. There is an additional, non-programmable
auxiliary output contact corresponding to relay In Service.

Two blocks of eight inputs are available. One of the blocks performs an OR operation with the
selected signals (any signal activates the logic gate output). The other block performs an AND
operation with the selected signals (all signals need to be active to activate the logic gate
output). The result of these two blocks is then operated through either an AND or an OR gate.
The pulse option can be added to the result of this operation. It works as follows:

• Without Pulses: by adjusting the pulse timer to 0, the output signal remains active as
long as the signal that activated it lasts.
• With Pulses: once the output signal is activated, it remains the set time whether or not
the signal that generated it is deactivated before or remains active.

Figure 3.31.2: Auxiliary Contact Output Logic Cell Block Diagram.

All the logic output signals listed in the tables nested in the description of each of the elements
are user-definable. Moreover, the signals indicated in Table 3.31-2, all corresponding to the
IED's general services, can also be assigned.

The tables mentioned only list the logical outputs available with the default configuration. The
list of signals can be expanded with those configured in the programmable logic (any logic
signal created in the programmable logic can be used with the description that the user
creates).

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3.31.3.a Auxiliary Outputs Table

Table 3.31-2: Auxiliary Outputs

Name Description Function
Indication that the HMI has
ACCESS_HMI HMI access
been accessed.
Indication of having received a
SYNC_CLK Clock synchronization
date / time change.
UN_ACT Any element activated They indicate that any
UN_PU Any element picked up protection element is picked up.
OPEN_CMD Open command Commands that go to the
CLOSE Close command relay's trip and close contacts.
When activated, it deletes the
information about the last trip
RST_IND_TRIP Reset command of trip indication
the relay has stored, thus also
cleaning the display.
The same as for the digital
CEXT_TRIP External trip control
input.
Signal indicating that the open /
close command issued by the
ACT_PROT Trip by protection
IED comes from the trip / close
of some protection element.
B_OPEN Open button They indicate that the
B_CLS Close button corresponding button has been
B_BLOCK Blocking / Unblocking button pressed.
IN_1 Digital input 1
IN_2 Digital input 2
IN_3 Digital input 3
IN_4 Digital input 4
IN_5 Digital input 5
IN_6 Digital input 6 They indicate that the
IN_7 Digital input 7 corresponding input has been
IN_8 Digital input 8 activated.
IN_9 Digital input 9
IN_10 Digital input 10
IN_11 Digital input 11
IN_12 Digital input 12
IN_13 Digital input 13

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Table 3.31-2: Auxiliary Outputs

Name Description Function
IN_14 Digital input 14
IN_15 Digital input 15 They indicate that the
IN_16 Digital input 16 corresponding input has been
IN_17 Digital input 17 activated.
IN_18 Digital input 18 (*)
VAL_DI_1 Validity of digital input 1
VAL_DI_2 Validity of digital input 2
VAL_DI_3 Validity of digital input 3
VAL_DI_4 Validity of digital input 4
VAL_DI_5 Validity of digital input 5
VAL_DI_6 Validity of digital input 6
VAL_DI_7 Validity of digital input 7
VAL_DI_8 Validity of digital input 8
VAL_DI_9 Validity of digital input 9 They indicate whether the input
VAL_DI_10 Validity of digital input 10 has been enabled or disabled.
VAL_DI_11 Validity of digital input 11
VAL_DI_12 Validity of digital input 12
VAL_DI_13 Validity of digital input 13
VAL_DI_14 Validity of digital input 14
VAL_DI_15 Validity of digital input 15
VAL_DI_16 Validity of digital input 16
VAL_DI_17 Validity of digital input 17
VAL_DI_18 Validity of digital input 18 (*)
CMD_DIS_DI1 Command to disable digital input 1
CMD_DIS_DI2 Command to disable digital input 2
CMD_DIS_DI3 Command to disable digital input 3
CMD_DIS_DI4 Command to disable digital input 4 The same as for the digital
CMD_DIS_DI5 Command to disable digital input 5 inputs.
CMD_DIS_DI6 Command to disable digital input 6
CMD_DIS_DI7 Command to disable digital input 7
CMD_DIS_DI8 Command to disable digital input 8

(*)The number of digital inputs and digital outputs available will depend on each particular model.

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Table 3.31-2: Auxiliary Outputs

Name Description Function
CMD_DIS_DI9 Command to disable digital input 9
CMD_DIS_DI10 Command to disable digital input 10
CMD_DIS_DI11 Command to disable digital input 11
CMD_DIS_DI12 Command to disable digital input 12
CMD_DIS_DI13 Command to disable digital input 13 The same as for the digital
CMD_DIS_DI14 Command to disable digital input 14 inputs.
CMD_DIS_DI15 Command to disable digital input 15
CMD_DIS_DI16 Command to disable digital input 16
CMD_DIS_DI17 Command to disable digital input 17
CMD_DIS_DI18 Command to disable digital input 18 (*)
CMD_ENBL_DI1 Command to enable digital input 1
CMD_ENBL_DI2 Command to enable digital input 2
CMD_ENBL_DI3 Command to enable digital input 3
CMD_ENBL_DI4 Command to enable digital input 4
CMD_ENBL_DI5 Command to enable digital input 5
CMD_ENBL_DI6 Command to enable digital input 6
CMD_ENBL_DI7 Command to enable digital input 7
CMD_ENBL_DI8 Command to enable digital input 8
CMD_ENBL_DI9 Command to enable digital input 9 The same as for the digital
CMD_ENBL_DI10 Command to enable digital input 10 inputs.
CMD_ENBL_DI11 Command to enable digital input 11
CMD_ENBL_DI12 Command to enable digital input 12
CMD_ENBL_DI13 Command to enable digital input 13
CMD_ENBL_DI14 Command to enable digital input 14
CMD_ENBL_DI15 Command to enable digital input 15
CMD_ENBL_DI16 Command to enable digital input 16
CMD_ENBL_DI17 Command to enable digital input 17
CMD_ENBL_DI18 Command to enable digital input 18 (*)
DO_1 Digital output 1
DO_2 Digital output 2 The same as for the digital
DO_3 Digital output 3 inputs.
DO_4 Digital output 4

(*)The number of digital inputs and digital outputs available will depend on each particular model.

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 3.31 Inputs, Outputs & LED Targets

Table 3.31-2: Auxiliary Outputs

Name Description Function
DO_5 Digital output 5
The same as for the digital
DO_6 Digital output 6
inputs.
DO_7 Digital output 7 (*)
LED_1 LED 1
LED_2 LED 2
LED_3 LED 3
LED_4 LED 4 The same as for the digital
LED_5 LED 5 inputs.
LED_6 LED 6
LED_7 LED 7
LED_8 LED 8
The same as for the digital
IN_BKR Input of breaker position: Open (1) / Closed (0)
inputs.
Resets the LEDs that are active
IN_RST_LED LEDs reset input
because they are memorized.
The same as for the digital
IN_PMTR_RST Power meters reset input
input.
Its activation sets the content of
IN_RST_MAX Maximeters reset the current, voltage and power
demand elements to zero.

(*)The number of digital inputs and digital outputs available will depend on each particular model.

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Table 3.31-2: Auxiliary Outputs

Name Description Function
Its activation sets the value of
IN_RST_DIS Input of distance to the fault reset the distance to the fault sent via
communications to zero.
The same as for the digital
ENBL_PLL Digital PLL input enable
input.
It is activated when some of the
CUR_LINE Indicator of current in the line phase currents are higher than
0.1 A.
It is marked whenever the IED
RST_MAN Manual reinitialization of the relay
is reset manually.
It is marked whenever the IED
PU_CLPU Cold load pickup of relay
is energized.
It is activated after any reset
(configuration loading, manual
PU_WLPU Warm pickup of relay
reset,…), while remaining de
device powered-up.
It is indicated when some
INIT_CH_SET Change of settings initialization
setting is modified.
FAIL_COM_L Port 0 communication failure
FAIL_COM_R1 Port 1 communication failure They activate when no
communication port activity is
FAIL_COM_R2 Port 2 communication failure detected during the set time.
FAIL_COM_R3 Port 3 communication failure
Sets the relay in remote mode.
REMOTE Remote Must be activated to enable
DNP 3.0 commands.
Means ‘Local Commands’
LOCAL Local Control enabled, whose performance is
defined in user’s logic module.
Means ‘Operation Desk
Commands’ enabled, whose
CONTROL_PANEL Operation Desk control
performance is defined in
user’s logic module.
ERR_CRIT Critical system error They note that some technical
problem has cropped up in the
ERR_NONCRIT Non-critical system error IED.
Indicates the reset of SW in the
EVENT_SYS System event
IED.

Configuration for outputs can be loaded at the factory. Users can easily program different output
configurations using the ZivercomPlus® software via the local communication ports that have
the PROCOME protocol configured (the local port is always assigned this protocol).

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3.31.3.b Trip and Close Outputs

The IRX IED has four switching output signals, two of them normally open (N/O) and the other
two definable by jumper as N/O or N/C. Two of these switching outputs are assigned to the logic
output called open. These outputs are activated both when the relay generates a trip and when
the breaker is opened manually. In all cases, they remain active for at least 100 ms. The logic
input External trip control can be used to block all breaker opening commands.

The activation of the logical input Trip External Control will block all the open commands to the
CB. If activated before the unit pick-up, both internal signals Trip and Masked Trip would be
activated but without causing the trip of the CB. However, if activated after the tripping of the CB
then it resets all protection units and tripping commands.

The other pair of switching output signals are assigned to the Close logic output. These outputs
are activated both when the recloser function generates a reclose command and when the
breaker is closed manually.

Breaker trip and close operations can be made using the same trip and reclosure contacts. The
operating mode, through the button frame on the front of the IED, is designed to always request
confirmation of maneuvers before executing them.

Both for manual and protection element-generated or reclose-generated operations, if a breaker

state change signal is not received, after an operate command is sent, within the operate failure
time (settable separately for open and close operations), Open Command Failure or Close
Command Failure signals are activated.

3.31.4 LED Targets

The IRX IED has optical indicators (LEDs) on the front panel. One of them indicates whether the
IED is Ready.

Each of the user-definable optical indicators is associated to a combinatorial function. These are
diagramed in figure 3.31.3. The function is similar to the auxiliary contact outputs. One of the
two blocks has eight inputs that perform an OR operation (any signal activates the output). The
other block has one input. The two blocks together can perform an OR or an AND operation
without the subsequent possibility of using pulses.

Figure 3.31.3: Target Output Logic Cell Block Diagram.

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Each LED can be latched or unlatched. If an LED is latched, it will remain illuminated until reset.
It is possible to program one of the programmable buttons, communications command, or digital
input with the Reset LEDs digital input. Since it is defined as a command it will be available in
the operations display menu. The latching function resides in the volatile memory section of the
microprocessor. A power supply loss will cause any latched LED to reset.

The LEDs can be associated to any of the available logic output signals indicated in table 3.31-
2. Logic equations can be created and modified with the ZivercomPlus® program via the local
communication ports that have the PROCOME protocol configured (the local port is always
assigned this protocol).

To develop more complex algorithms and be able to assign the resulting outputs to the LEDs,
the necessary opcodes must be programmed in the programmable logic. This, for example,
allows configuring latched LEDs that do not lose memory after an auxiliary power supply voltage
failure. This requires the use of latched bistable circuits.

3.31.5 Digital Inputs, Auxiliary Outputs and LED’s Test

Apply rated voltage, appropriate for the model. At this time, the In Service LED should be lit.
• Digital Inputs
For the inputs test, the rated voltage is applied between
the terminals corresponding to the inputs (marked in the
external connections diagram), always taking the polarity
of the contacts into account.

From the inputs screen of the Information menu, it is

verified that the inputs are activated (“1”). The voltage is
removed and the contact inputs must reset (“0”).

Figure 3.31.4: Digital Inputs Test.

• Auxiliary Outputs
To test the auxiliary contact outputs, their operation is provoked according to how they are
configured. If they are not configured, they can be configured as activation of the status contact
inputs. Part of the inputs test consists in verifying the operation of auxiliary output contacts
OUT1 to OUT6.
• LED Targets
To check the LED targets, the F2 key must be pressed from the stand-by screen until the
Resetting LEDs screen appears. It is held down until all the LEDs light up. When the push-
button is released, they must all go off.

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 3.32 Programmable
Logic

3.32.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.32-2

3.32.2 Functional Characteristics ..................................................................................... 3.32-2
3.32.3 Primitive Functions (Opcodes)............................................................................... 3.32-4
3.32.3.a Logic Operations with Memory ....................................................................... 3.32-11
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.32.1 Description
One of the functions of IRX models is a fully configurable one called Programmable Logic. The
user can freely interconnect this logic digitally and analogically by using the ZivercomPlus®
program.

All the signals generated by the equipment will be available to the events, oscillograph records,
digital inputs and outputs, HMI and communications according to how their programmable logic
has been configured.

From the signals or readings generated by any of the functions of the relay (Protection units,
Digital inputs, Communications, Command functions and Analog inputs), the user can define a
logical operation using primitive logic functions (AND, OR, XOR, NOT, etc.), bistable circuits
(latched or not), timers, comparators, constants, values, etc.

The programming function allows definition of the trip logic, control logic, interlocks, functional
modules, local and remote states and control hierarchy required for complete protection and
operation of a bay.

It is also possible to choose priorities in the execution of the programmed algorithm so that
some parts of this algorithm are executed in less and less time than other lower priority parts of
the same logic.

The processing of the input signals produces logical outputs that can be assigned to existing
connections between the IED and the exterior: auxiliary output contacts, display, LEDs,
communications, HMI, etc.

Maximum size for the programmable logic will be 64kb; i.e. around 1000 primitive logic gates.

3.32.2 Functional Characteristics

The IEDs can execute local programmable control functions associated with the bay as well as
the logic associated with internal and external interlockings, treatment and generation of alarms
and processing of signals. They are all programmable.

The execution of interlockings towards the external circuits implies being able to execute
continuously active outputs depending on the combination of the state of various input signals
through logic gates. These interlocking outputs are used for interrupting / continuing an exterior
command circuit. These interlockings are the consequence of the logic capacity pointed out in
the following sections.

The execution of internal interlockings implies being able to obtain logic outputs of permission /
blocking of commands towards the external circuits according to the combination of the state of
various input signals through logic gates. These processed logic signals affect the permissions /
lockouts of commands generated both from the unit's local control module and from the Central
Unit originating in the control display, central programmable control functions and/or remote.

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Logical alarms can be generated with data from the combination of the state of various input
signals through logic gates as well as from "timers" of presence / absence of a given signal,
either physical or logic.

The processing of analog signals offers the possibility of comparing analog inputs with set
points and of generating digital ON/OFF signals as a result of this comparison as well as the
possibility of adding and multiplying analog signals. Analog values can be used in primary or
secondary values.

Logic configurations can also generate user defined values such as counters. These values are
the result of the user defined logic algorithms. User defined values can be displayed on the
HMI, sent via communications and retrieved using ZivercomPlus®.

Likewise, it is also possible to define new user settings in the IED associated with the logic.
These settings can be consulted afterwards from the HMI or communications.

In addition, the logic configurations can disable protection elements of the IED. The disabling of
an element allows it to be replaced by another that operates under user-defined algorithms.

Basically, the system takes input signals from various sources, both external to the IED
(communications or HMI) and internal; processes these signals according to the configuration
that has been loaded and the pre-established settings and activates certain output signals that
will be used for sending information messages or measurements to the central unit as well as
commands to relays, LEDs and protection or logic units.

The Programmable Logic and its Configuration comprise the engine of this whole system.
The logic has a set of blocks that encompass a series of logic operations. Each of these blocks
determines an outcome (state of one or more signals) depending on the state of the inputs of
that block. The Configuration determines the use of one or another block.

The operation chosen to obtain a given output determines the input signals to the blocks. The
Input Connection process is the software process that connects the inputs of the blocks with
the appropriate inputs to the control subsystem according to the Configuration.

Likewise, the output signals from the blocks are associated with the appropriate outputs. This is
done in the Output Connecting process according to the Configuration.

If the required input signals are signals that arrive through communications, they arrive encoded
according to the PROCOME, MODBUS or DNP 3.0 communications protocol, which forces
associating each necessary signal with its corresponding protocol. This process is performed in
Input Tagging and the associations are made in one form or another according to the
configuration. The same happens with the signals sent through communications; the software
process is carried out in Output Tagging and is also determined by the Configuration.

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New logic-generated values can be redirected to the IED's different communication protocols as
well as to the HMI.

The Programmable Logic can be used to generate events with any available digital signal that
the IED can capture with the PROCOME communications protocol and the program. It doesn't
matter if this signal is a digital input or a signal received via communications from the central
unit or, on the contrary, is the outcome of internal operations included in the programmed
algorithm itself. Moreover, there is the option of recording the event by the rising edge of the
chosen signal, by the falling edge or by both.

Once the event is generated, it can be captured the same as the rest of the events generated
by the IED (as, for example, trip events) with the ZivercomPlus® communications program.

There is an exclusive option to simplify the task of configuring the Digital Inputs, Digital Outputs
and LEDs. This voids the need to work with complex algorithms that would make the task
unnecessarily difficult.

3.32.3 Primitive Functions (Opcodes)

The following logic operations can be used in the algorithm.

AND Pulse Adder Digital/Analog Converter

OR Timer A Subtracter BCD/Analog Converter
XOR Timer B Multiplier Binary/Analog Converter
NOT DFF Divisor Analog/BCD Converter
Cable RSFF Comparator Analog/Binary Converter
Multifiber Cable Analog Cable Level Comparator Pulse train
Multiplexer Counter Rising edge

• AND
Performs an AND operation between digital signals.
Operands:
From 2 to 16 digital input signals
Results:
Digital output signal, the outcome of the operation
• OR
Performs an OR operation between digital signals.
Operands:
From 2 to 16 digital input signals
Results:
Digital output signal, the outcome of the operation

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 3.32 Programmable Logic

• XOR
Performs an XOR operation between two digital signals.
Operands:
Two digital input signals.
Results:
Digital output signal, the outcome of the operation.
• NOT
Moves to a digital signal the outcome of negating another.
Operands:
Digital input signal.
Results:
Digital input signal.
• Cable
Moves to a digital signal the value of another.
Operands:
Digital input signal.
Results:
Digital input signal.
• Multifiber Cable
Moves to a digital signal the value of another.
Operands:
Digital input signal.
Results:
From 1 to 16 digital output signals.
• Multiplexer
Based on a selector, it establishes the value of an output signal with the value of one of the two
inputs.
Operands:
Digital input selector signal.
2 digital input signals.
Results:
Digital output signal.

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• Analog Selector
Based on a selector, it establishes the value of an analog output magnitude with the value of
one of the two analog input magnitudes.
Operands:
Digital input selector signal.
2 analog input magnitudes.
Results:
Analog output magnitude.
• Pulse
When the input signal goes from 0 to 1, the output signal is activated during the time specified
as parameter.
Operands:
Digital input signal.
Setting or pulse time constant in seconds.
Results:
Digital output signal.
Limits:
The maximum time must be set between 0.0 and 2147483.648 seconds (24 days).
• Timer A
When the time set since the input signal went from 0 to 1 is up, the output goes to one until the
input resets.
Operands:
Digital input signal.
Setting or delay time constant in seconds.
Results:
Digital output signal.
Limits:
The maximum time must be set between 0.0 and 2147483.648 seconds (24 days).
• Timer B
The output is activated as long as the input is active or has been deactivated after a time no
greater than the time set.
Operands:
Digital input signal.
Setting or delay time constant in seconds.
Results:
Digital output signal.
Limits:
The maximum time must be set between 0.0 and 2147483.648 seconds (24 days).

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• DFF
Type D bistable. Whenever a rising edge occurs in the clock signal, the bistable takes the value
of the input.
Operands:
Digital clock signal.
Digital input signal.
Results:
Digital output signal
• RSFF
Type RS bistable. As long as the S signal is active, the bistable takes the value of the input.
When the R input is activated, the bistable takes value 0.
Operands:
Digital signal R.
Digital signal S.
Results:
Digital output signal.
• Analog Cable
Moves to an analog magnitude the value of another.
Operands:
Input magnitude.
Results:
Output magnitude.
• Counter
It manages a counter that increases with each rising edge of the clock signal. When the reset
input is activated, the counter resets to 0.
Operands:
Digital reset signal.
Digital clock signal.
Results:
Magnitude of counter value.
Limits:
The counter has a saturation value of 65535. Subsequent increments do not modify the output
value of the counter.

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• Adder
It establishes the value of the output magnitude with the result of the sum of the input values.
Operands:
2 input values, settings or constants.
Results:
Output magnitude.
• Subtracter
It establishes the value of the output magnitude with the result of the subtraction of the input
values.
Operands:
2 input values, settings or constants.
Results:
Output magnitude.
• Multiplier
It establishes the value of the output magnitude with the result of the product of the input values.
Operands:
2 input values, settings or constants.
Results:
Output magnitude.
• Divisor
It establishes the value of the output magnitude with the result of the division of the input values.
Operands:
2 input values, settings or constants.
Results:
Output magnitude.

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 3.32 Programmable Logic

• Comparator
Compares two input values and establishes the value of the digital output signal according to
the outcome of the comparison.
Operands:
2 input values, settings or constants.
Type of comparison as a constant value inserted in the opcode:
Greater than.
Less than.
Equal to.
Not equal to.
Greater than or equal to.
Less than or equal to.
Results:
Digital output signal.
• Level Comparator
It compares the input magnitude with respect to a minimum and maximum reference value and
establishes the output according to it. Thus:

The output is 1 if the input is greater than the maximum reference value.
The output is 0 if the input is less than the minimum reference value.
Otherwise, the output keeps the same value.
Operands:
Input magnitude (magnitude, setting or constant).
Minimum reference value (magnitude, setting or constant).
Maximum reference value (magnitude, setting or constant).
Results:
Digital output signal.
• Digital / Analog Converter
It converts a digital signal to an analog magnitude with value 0 or 1.
Operands:
Digital input signal.
Results:
Analog output magnitude.
• BCD / Analog Converter
With 16 digital inputs, it generates an analog magnitude using BCD code.
Operands:
16 digital input signals.
Results:
Analog output magnitude.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

• Binary / Analog Converter

With 16 digital inputs, it generates an analog magnitude using binary code.
Operands:
16 digital input signals.
Results:
Analog output magnitude.
• Analog / BCD Converter
It converts an analog magnitude into 16 digital signals by converting to BCD code.
Operands:
Analog input magnitude.
Results:
16 digital output signals.
• Analog / Binary Converter
It converts an analog magnitude into 16 digital signals by converting to binary code.
Operands:
Analog input magnitude.
Results:
16 digital output signals.
• Pulse Train
Logic block produced by a pulse train while the digital input signal is active.
Operands:
Digital signal enabling pulse train.
Magnitude, setting or time constant of active pulse in seconds.
Magnitude, setting or time constant of inactive pulse in seconds.
Results:
Digital output signal.
• Rising Edge
The output is activated when a change from 0 to 1 is detected in the input.
Operands:
Digital input signal.
Results:
Digital output signal.

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 3.32 Programmable Logic

3.32.3.a Logic Operations with Memory

Certain logical functions can be configured to preserve the internal state of the function after a
shut down. Not all the logical functions have internal states that require this treatment:

Table 3.32-1: Logic Operations with Memory

Logical function Can be memorized
AND -
OR -
XOR -
NOT -
Cable -
Multifiber cable -
Pulse Y
Timer A Y
Timer B Y
DFF Y
RSFF Y
Analog cable -
Counter Y
Adder -
Subtracter -
Multiplier -
Divisor -
Comparator -
Level comparator Y
Digital to analog -
RSFF with timed reset Y
Pulse train Y

Memorization mode is selected by means of a memory field inserted in the opcode when
configuring with the ZivercomPlus® program.

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 3.33 Communications

3.33.1 Communications Ports ........................................................................................... 3.33-2

3.33.2 Communication with ZivercomPlus® ...................................................................... 3.33-2
3.33.3 Synchronization by IRIG-B 123 and 003 ............................................................... 3.33-3
3.33.3.a UTC / Local Time Configuration ....................................................................... 3.33-3
3.33.3.b IRIG-B Function Settings .................................................................................. 3.33-3
3.33.3.c Auxiliary Outputs of the IRIG-B Function.......................................................... 3.33-3
3.33.4 Communications Protocol ...................................................................................... 3.33-4
3.33.4.a Control Change Recording ............................................................................... 3.33-4
3.33.5 Communications Settings ...................................................................................... 3.33-5
3.33.5.a Local Port .......................................................................................................... 3.33-6
3.33.5.b Remote Ports 1 and 2 ....................................................................................... 3.33-6
3.33.5.c Remote Port 3 ................................................................................................... 3.33-7
3.33.5.d Ethernet Remote Ports 1, 2 and 3 .................................................................... 3.33-8
3.33.5.e PROCOME 3.0 Protocol Settings ..................................................................... 3.33-8
3.33.5.f DNP 3.0 Protocol Settings ................................................................................ 3.33-9
3.33.5.g MODBUS Protocol Setting.............................................................................. 3.33-10
3.33.6 Communications Settings .................................................................................... 3.33-11
3.33.7 Communications Test .......................................................................................... 3.33-17
3.33.7.a PROCOME Protocol Test ............................................................................... 3.33-17
3.33.7.b DNP v3.0 Protocol Tests ................................................................................ 3.33-18
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.33.1 Communications Ports

IRX relays are provided with different types of communications ports as a function of the
selected model:

• 1 front Local Port type RS232C.

• Up to 3 Remote Ports with following configurations:
- Remote Port 1: optical fiber interface (glass ST or plastic 1mm), electrical interface
RS232 / RS485.
- Remote Port 2: optical fiber interface (glass ST or plastic 1mm), electrical interface
RS232 / RS485.
- Remote Port 3: optical fiber interface (glass ST or plastic 1mm), electrical interface
RS232 / RS232 FULL MODEM.

Technical data for these communications links can be found in Chapter 2.1 (Technical Data).
Information on model ports can be found in chapter 1.4 (Model selection).

3.33.2 Communication with ZivercomPlus®

Protection, loading or reading programmable logic configuration and reading out protection data
(events, fault reports, oscillograms,...) can be configured through communications ports set for
PROCOME protocol. The local port is always assigned this protocol, whereas for remote ports it
depends on settings.

Communications are established through ZivercomPlus® communications program, which

allows dialog between the IRX family and other relays, whether locally (via a PC connected to
front port) or remotely (via rear serial ports with PROCOME protocol), covering all needs
regarding programming, settings, recording, reports, etc..

Local and remote communications ports are configured through HMI.

IRX model features three controllers, one for each communications port, so that
communications can be established through all of them at the same time.

The ZivercomPlus® communications program that involves the application of the model
involved is protected against non-authorized users through access passwords. The
ZivercomPlus®, that runs in WINDOWSTM environment is easy to operate and uses buttons or
keys to display the different submenus.

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3.33.3 Synchronization by IRIG-B 123 and 003

IRX relays are provided with a BNC type input for IRIG-B 123 or 003 standard time
synchronization signals. Said input is located at the relay rear panel. Synchronization accuracy
is ±1ms.

In case the relay is receiving an IRIG-B synchronization signal, access from HMI to Date and
Time settings is denied.

An output can be configured to show IRIG-B signal received status. This output remains active
while the relay receives correctly said signal.

Relays are also prepared for indication of both the loss and recovery of IRIG-B signal by
generating events associated to each of these circumstances.

3.33.3.a UTC / Local Time Configuration

Discerning whether the time received through BNC connector corresponds to UTC Time or a
given Time Zone (Local) is possible through IRIG-B Time Zone setting.

In the first case, a correction must be introduced to adapt the UTC time to the time zone of the
relay site. The Local Time Zone setting within the Date and Time settings group is used for
this purpose, which allows putting UTC time forward or back as required.

In the second case, the relay receives the time signal already adapted to the local time zone
and no correction is needed. In this case local Local Time Zone has no effect.

3.33.3.b IRIG-B Function Settings

IRIG-B Function Settings

Setting Range Step By Default
IRIG-B Time Zone 0 = Local Time 1 0 = Local
1 = UTC Time Time

3.33.3.c Auxiliary Outputs of the IRIG-B Function

Table 3.33-1: Auxiliary Outputs of the IRIG-B Function

Name Description Function
Signal indicates that IRIG-B
SIGNAL_IRIGB IRIGB Active
signal is being received.

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3.33.4 Communications Protocol

All IRX relays are provided with rear communications ports for remote access and one front port
for local access. Depending on model, rear ports feature several communications protocols:

• Local Port: uses only PROCOME protocol.

• Remote Ports 1, 2 and 3: options PROCOME, DNP3.0 and MODBUS are available.

It is worth mentioning that communications through all ports can be maintained simultaneously.

PROCOME protocol complies with IEC-870-5 standards and is used for both protection and
control information management. On the other hand, protocols DNP 3.0 and MODBUS are used
for control information management.

For more details on protocols refer to the applicable protocol paragraph.

3.33.4.a Control Change Recording

Depending on signals configured into the programmable logic through the ZivercomPlus®
program, the different system events make changed-state signals to be written.

Different signal lists for PROCOME 3.0 and DNP 3.0 protocols can be configured through the
programmable logic, saving changes into different and separate IRX relay files for each of the
communications ports. This implies that although the tail of changes of one port is emptied after
collecting said information, the same information is available at the other port for collection
through the allocated protocol, whether it is the same as for the first port or not.

Also, from the signals configured in PROCOME, DNP 3.0 or both, signals to be displayed
through the HMI can be selected. They are also saved into separate files, so that even if tails of
control changes of communications ports are emptied, the information is still available through
HMI. Between 100 and 115 records are saved depending on their simultaneity.

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Information on the Control Change Record is displayed from the HMI or pressing F1 key
through Information option, the changes list view or delete options being available. If the view
option is selected, the last change generated is always displayed (the most recent). Information
is presented as follows:

AA/MM/DD|HH:MM:SS
000 text1 ‡ or „
001 text2 ‡ or „

AA/MM/DD|HH:MM:SS
000 text3 ‡ or „
001 text4 ‡ or „

Namely, events are grouped by “date” and “time”. Then, in the following line, the milliseconds
corresponding to each control change and the label defined through the ZivercomPlus®
(maximum of 13 characters) are shown. And at the end of the line, a filled or blank square
indicates ACTIVATION-ON („) or DEACTIVATION-OFF (‡) respectively. Default signal text
labels are defined in input and output tables; in case of new signals generated into the
programmable logic, said text must be defined. In any case, in order to use the names required
by each user, the creation of a logic record card allocating a personalized name to every signal
to be displayed is recommended.

The date and time stamp will be generated every time a new event occurs in it.

The MODBUS allows to display the actual value of the configured digital signals but do not
record their changes.

3.33.5 Communications Settings

As the below described settings are independent for each port, they are grouped as follows:
Local Port, Remote Port 1, Remote Port 2 and Remote Port 3. Finally specific settings for
each protocol are described.

Whenever communication is established through one of these ports, the following codes are
displayed on relay alphanumeric HMI:

• Local port: [PL] code.

• Remote port 1, Remote port 2, and Remote port 3: [P1], [P2] and [P3] codes.

These codes, in case of PROCOME 3.0 protocol, remain displayed during Communications
Password TimeOut setting indicated in paragraph 3.31.4.d after the last communication carried
out; in case of MODBUS and DNP V3.00 protocols, the message remains displayed for one
minute after the last communication.

There are three timer settings, one for each communications port (Communication Failure
Time Indication), which, no matter the assigned protocol, allow configuring the period without
communication activity before generating the alarms (digital signals and events)
Communication Failure Port 0, 1, 2 and 3.

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3.33.5.a Local Port

The setting options of the local communications port are:

• Baud Rate: a value from 300 bauds to 38400 bauds can be chosen, default value being
38400 bauds.
• Stop Bits: one of two stop bits can be selected.
• Parity: even, odd or no parity (None) can be selected. No parity is configured by default.
• Character Reception Time (0-60000 ms): maximum time between characters allowed
during the receiving of a message. The current message will be considered cancelled if it
exceeds the set time between the reception of two characters.
• Communication Failure Indication Time (0-600 s.): maximum time between messages
without indication of communication channel blocking.

3.33.5.b Remote Ports 1 and 2

Remote ports 1 and 2 have fiber optic and electrical access RS232 / RS485. Available
configuration settings for these ports are similar to the local port settings, and it is possible to
select the communications protocol and a specific parameter for RS485 application. Thus,
settings are:

• Baud Rate, Stop Bits, Parity and Character Reception Time.

• Protocol: Depending on model, PROCOME 3.0, DNP 3.0, MODBUS protocols and
Virtual Inputs / Outputs (this last option is only available for remote port 2) can be
selected. The default protocol is PROCOME.
• Advanced settings:
1. Operation Mode (RS232 / RS485): This setting allows selecting the operation mode of
DB9 interface of remote port 2 or 3 as a RS232 port or RS485 port.
2. Time
Transmission Time Factor (0-100 characters): Per-character time factor which
determines when the transmission ends by time-out.
Transmission Time Constant (0-60000 ms): Fixed time in seconds that is added to
the per-character time factor, and that determines when the transmission ends by
time-out.
Number of 485 Stop Bytes (0-4 bytes): It specifies the number of stop bytes between
transmit and receive when the port is configured as RS485.
3. Message modification
Number of Zeros (0-255): Number of zeros to insert as preamble to each message.
4. Collisions
Type of Collision (NO / ECHO / DCE):
NO: Collision detection disabled.
ECHO: A collision is considered to have occurred when the characters received do
not coincide with the characters transmitted.
Number of Retries (0-3): Maximum number of retries in the transmission when
collisions are detected.
Minimum Time between Retries (0-60000 ms): Minimum time between
retransmissions on collision detection.
Maximum Time between Retries (0-60000 ms): Maximum time between retries on
collision detection.

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3.33.5.c Remote Port 3

Remote port 3 has fiber optic and electrical access RS232 / RS232 FULL MODEM. Access
through RS232 FULL MODEM has all the MODEM lines in format DB9. The settings available
for configuring this port are:

• Baud Rate, Stop Bits, Parity and Character Reception Time, the same as the local
port.
• Protocol: depending on model, PROCOME 3.0, DNP 3.0, MODBUS Protocols and
Virtual Inputs Outputs can be selected. The default protocol is PROCOME.
• Advanced settings:
1. Flow Control
CTS Flow (NO / YES): It specifies whether the Clear To Send signal is monitored to
control the data transmission flow. If the setting is YES and the CTS signal falls to “0”,
the transmission is suspended until the CTS signal resets.
DSR Flow (NO / YES): It specifies whether the Data Set Ready signal is monitored to
control the data transmission flow. If the setting is YES and the DSR signal falls to “0”,
the transmission is suspended until the DSR signal resets.
DSR Sensitive (NO / YES): It specifies whether the communications port is sensitive
to the state of the DSR signal. If the setting is YES, the communications driver ignores
any byte received unless the DSR line is active.
DTR Control (INACTIVE / ACTIVE / ENABLE SEND):
Inactive: It sets the DTR control signal to permanently inactive.
Active: It sets the DTR control signal to permanently active.
Enable Send: The DTR signal remains active as long as the receiving of new
characters is allowed.
RTS Control (INACTIVE / ACTIVE / ENABLE SEND / SOL. SEND):
Inactive: It sets the RTS control signal to permanently inactive.
Active: It sets the RTS control signal to permanently active.
Enable Send: The RTS signal remains active as long as the receiving of new
characters is allowed.
Solicit Send: The RTS signal remains active as long as there are characters
pending transmission.
2. Time
Transmission Time Factor (0-100 characters): Per-character time factor, which
determines when the transmission ends by time-out.
TRANSMISSION TIME CONSTANT (0-60000 ms): Fixed time in seconds that is
added to the per-character time factor, and that determines when the transmission
ends by time-out.
3. Message modification
Number of Zeros (0-255): Number of zeros to insert as preamble to each message.
4. Collisions
Type of Collision (NO / ECHO / DCD):
NO: Collision detection disabled.
ECHO: A collision is considered to have occurred when the characters received do
not coincide with the characters transmitted.
DCD: A collision is considered to have occurred when the DCD line is activated.
Number of Retries (0-3): Maximum number of retries in the transmission when
collisions are detected.
Minimum Time Between Retries (0-60000 ms): Minimum time between
retransmissions on collision detection.
Maximum Time Between Retries (0-60000 ms): Maximum time between retries on
collision detection.

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3.33.5.d Ethernet Remote Ports 1, 2 and 3

• Protocol: Depending on model, PROCOME 3.0, DNP 3.0, MODBUS protocols and Virtual
Inputs / Outputs (this last option is only available for remote port 2) can be selected. The
default protocol is PROCOME.
• Ethernet
1. Enabling the Ethernet Port (YES-NO): enables (YES) or disables (NO) the Ethernet
Port.
2. IP Address ([Link]): Ethernet device ID number.
3. Net mask ([Link] – [Link]): number that indicates to the device what
part of the IP address is the network number, and what part of the IP address corresponds to
the device.
4. Port Number (0 - 62235): number used to indicate the delivery route of the data received,
to the destination device.
5. Max. Time between Messages TCP (0-65 sec.): number of seconds between Keepalive
packages - if zero then Keepalive packages were not sent. These Packages inform the
server if a client is still present on the Ethernet Network.
6. RX Car Time (0-60000 milliseconds): maximum time between characters allowed while
receiving a message through the Ethernet. The message is timed out if the set time is
exceeded between the receipt of two characters.
7. Communication fault indication time (0-600 sec.): maximum time between messages
via the Ethernet port before an indication that communications have stopped.

3.33.5.e PROCOME 3.0 Protocol Settings

The configuration settings of the PROCOME 3.0 protocol are:

• Relay Number (0-254): it specifies the address of the IRX relay (acting as RTU or
Remote Terminal Unit) in relation to the rest of equipment that communicate with the
same master station (MTU or Master Terminal Unit).
• Communications Password Enable (YES-NO): this setting allows to enable the access
password function to establish communication with the relay through the rear port: YES
means enabling the permission and NO, disabling.
• Communications Password TimeOut (1-10 minutes): this setting allows establishing a
period of time for activating a communication blocking with the relay (whenever
communication is via the rear port): if the set time expires with no activity taking place in
the communications program, the system blocks, and the communication must be
reinitiated.
• Communications Password: the communications password allows establishing a
specific password to access communications with the relay through the rear port. This
password must have 8 characters, which will be entered using the numerical keys and
the key corresponding to a dot.

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3.33.5.f DNP 3.0 Protocol Settings

The DNP 3.0 protocol configuration settings include the definition of:

• Relay Number (0-65519): it specifies the address of the IRX relay (acting as RTU or
Remote Terminal Unit) in relation to the rest of equipment that communicate with the
same master station (MTU or Master Terminal Unit). The 0xFFF0 to 0xFFFF addresses
are reserved for the Broadcast addresses.
• T. Confirm TimeOut (100-65535): it specifies the time lapse (in milliseconds) from the
time the IRX sends a message requesting the master to confirm the Application layer
(Level 7), until this confirmation is considered lost. The IRX requests confirmation of the
Application Layer when it sends spontaneous (Unsolicited) messages or in response to
requests for Class 1 or Class 2 Data. When this time expires, the message is
retransmitted the number of times specified in the N. Retries parameter.
• N. Retries (0-65535): number of retries of the Application Layer (N7). The default value is
0 (zero), indicating that no retransmission will be attempted.
• Master Number Unsolicited (0-65535): it specifies the address of the master station
(MTU or Master Terminal Unit) to which the IRX relay will send spontaneous (Unsolicited)
messages. It is used in combination with Enable Unsolicited parameter. Addresses
0xFFF0 to 0xFFFF are reserved for Broadcast addresses.
• Enable Unsolicited (YESI/NO): enables (YES) or disables (NO) sending spontaneous
messages (Unsolicited); it is used in combination with the MTU Number parameter. For
the IRX relay to begin sending spontaneous messages the master must also enable them
with the Function Code FC = 20.
• Unsolicited Start Enable (YES/NO): enables (YES) or disables (NO) sending
spontaneous start messages (Unsolicited after Restart); it is used in combination with the
MTU Number parameter. For the IRX relay to begin sending spontaneous start messages
there is not need for the master to enable them.
• Time Grouping Unsolicited (100-65535): it specifies the time interval between the
generation of a first event for an unsolicited message and the transmission of the
message, with the purpose of grouping several events that may occur within this time
interval in a single transmission message, in order not to saturate the communications
line with multiple messages.
• Sync. Interval (0-120 minutes): it specifies the maximum time interval between two
synchronizations. If no synchronization occurs within the interval, the need for
synchronization is set in Internal Indication (IIN1-4 NEED TIME). This setting has no
effect if the Sync. Interval is 0.
• Unsolicited Start Activation (YES/NO): enables (YES) or disables (NO) sending Forced
Unsolicited messages (for compatibility with versions pre DNP3-1998). When Unsolicited
Start is activated, the IRX relay begins to transmit the existing spontaneous messages
without additional enabling by the level 2. For this setting to have effect Enable
Unsolicited Start must be enabled.
• DNP3 Revision (STANDARD ZIV/2003): indicates the DNP3 certification revision to use.
STANDARD ZIV or 2003 (DNP3-2003 Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) Certification
Procedure Subset Level 2 Version 2.3 29-Sept-03).

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Metering Changes or Metering Bands settings are generated automatically while analog
magnitudes to be transmitted via the DNP 3.0 protocol are being configured. The setting is the
minimum percentage change (in relation with the maximum value that can be sent via
communications) of a value for its change to be registered. They can also be expressed in
terms of the maximum limit configured for the value, as said limit is but the value defining the
maximum value that can be sent via DNP3.0 communications.

In case it is set to 100%, no analog changes of that measurement will be recorded, amounting
to disabling it.

Additionally, these are other settings defined for the DNP3 Profile II and Profile II Ethernet
Protocols:

• Class for binary changes (CLASS..., NONE). Assigns the class to the binary changes.
• Class for analog changes (CLASS..., NONE). Assigns the class to the analog changes.
• Class for counter changes (CLASS..., NONE). Assigns the class to the counter
changes.
• “Status” type binary inputs (YES-NO). Binary inputs used are according to “status”
type inputs (YES) or binary inputs used are not sent according to “status” type inputs
(NO).
• 32 bits analog inputs (YES-NO). Analog inputs used are 32 bits resolution (YES) or
analog inputs used are 16 bits resolution (NO).
• Change in DNP3 Counter (1 to 32767). The setting value shows the minimum
increase of counts needed to send a new DNP3 message stating a new change in
the counter. 20 counters can be configured as maximum under the DNP3 Profile II
and Profile II Ethernet Protocols.

3.33.5.g MODBUS Protocol Setting

The only configuration setting of the MODBUS protocol is the Relay Number (0-254), which the
same as for the other protocols specifies the IRX relay address (acting as RTU or Remote
Terminal Unit) with reference to the rest of relays communicating with the same master station
(MTU or Master Terminal Unit).

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3.33.6 Communications Settings

Local Port Communications

Setting Range Step By Default
Baud Rate 300 - 38400 Baud 38400
Stop Bits 1-2 1
Parity None / Even / Odd None
RX Time Between Character 1 - 60000 ms 0.5 ms 40 ms
Communication Failure Indication Time 0 - 600 s 0.1 s 60 s

Remote Communications Ports 1 and 2

Setting Range Step By Default
Protocol Selection PROCOME PROCOME
DNP 3.0
MODBUS
Baud Rate 300 - 38400 Baud 38400
Stop Bits 1-2 1
Parity None / Even / Odd None
RX Time Between Character 1 - 60000 ms 0.5 ms 40 ms
Communication Failure Indication Time 0 - 600 s 0.1 s 60 s
Advanced Settings
Operation Mode RS232 / RS485 RS232
Time
Tx Time Factor 0 -100 characters 0.5 1
Tx Time Constant 0 - 60000 ms 1 ms 0 ms
Number of 485 Stop Bytes 0 - 4 bytes 1 byte 0
Message Modification
Number of Zeros 0 - 255 1 0
Collisions
Type of Collision NO / ECHO NO
Number of Retries 0-3 1 0
Minimum Retry Time 0 - 60000 ms 1 ms 0 ms
Maximum Retry Time 0 - 60000 ms 1 ms 0 ms

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Remote Communications Port 3

Setting Range Step By Default
Protocol Selection PROCOME PROCOME
DNP 3.0
MODBUS
Virtual Inputs / Outputs
Baud Rate 300 - 38400 Baud 38400
Stop Bits 1-2 1
Parity None / Even / Odd None
RX Time between Character 1 - 60000 ms 0.5 ms 40 ms
Communication Failure Indication Time 0 - 600 s 0.1 s 60 s
Advanced Settings
Flow Control
CTS Flow 0 (NO) - 1 (YES) NO
DSR Flow 0 (NO) - 1 (YES) NO
DSR Sensitive 0 (NO) - 1 (YES) NO
DTR Control Inactive / Active / Permit send Inactive
RTS Control Inactive / Active / Permit send Inactive
Time
Tx Time Factor 0 -100 characters 0.5 1
Tx Time Constant 0 - 60000 ms 1 ms 0 ms
Message Modification
Number of Zeros 0 - 255 1 0
Collisions
Type of Collision NO / DCD - ECHO NO
Number of Retries 0-3 1 0
Minimum Retry Time 0 - 60000 ms 1 ms 0 ms
Maximum Retry Time 0 - 60000 ms 1 ms 0 ms

Remote Communications Ports 1, 2 and 3 Ethernet

Setting Range Step By Default
Protocol Selection PROCOME PROCOME
DNP 3.0
MODBUS
Virtual Inputs / Outputs (*)
Enabling the Ethernet Port NO / YES YES
IP Address ddd. ddd. ddd. ddd [Link](PR1)
[Link](PR2)
[Link](PR3)
Net Mask [Link] - [Link]
[Link]
Port Number 0 - 65535 1 20000
Max. Time between Messages TCP 0 - 65 s 1 30
RX Car. Time 0 - 60000 ms 0.5 ms 1 ms
Communication fault indication time 0 - 600 s 0.1 s 60 s

(*) The Virtual Inputs / Outputs function is only for the Remote Port 2.

3.33-12
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.33 Communications

Communications Protocols
Setting Range Step By Default
PROCOME Protocol
IED Address 0 - 254 1 0
Communications Password Enable YES / NO NO
Communications Password Timeout 1 - 10 min 1 10 min
Communications Password 8 characters
DNP 3.0 Protocol
IED Address 0 - 65519 1 1
T. Confirm Timeout 100 - 65535 ms 1 1000 ms
Max. Retries 0 - 65535 1 0
Enable Unsolicited YES / NO NO
Unsolicited Start Enable YES / NO
Unsolic. Master No. 0 - 65519 1 1
Unsolic. Grouping Time. 100 - 65535 ms 1 1000 ms
Sync Interval 0 - 120 min 1 0 min
Unsolicited Start Activation YES / NO
DNP 3.0 Revision Standard ZIV / 2003
DNP 3.0 Protocol: Measurements (16 0.01 - 100 0.01 100
Deadband Measurements Change)
DNP 3.0 Profile II Protocol: 0.0001 - 100 0.0001 100
Measurements (16 Deadband
Measurements Change)
Digital Changes Class (DNP 3.0 Profile II CLASS 1, CLASS 2, CLASS 1
and Profile II Ethernet) CLASS 3, NONE
Analog Changes Class (DNP 3.0 Profile CLASS 1, CLASS 2, CLASS 2
II and Profile II Ethernet) CLASS 3, NONE
Counters Changes Class (DNP 3.0 CLASS 1, CLASS 2, CLASS 3
Profile II and Profile II Ethernet) CLASS 3, NONE
Validity Status for Digital Inputs (DNP 3.0 YES / NO YES
Profile II and Profile II Ethernet)
32 Bits Measurements (DNP 3.0 Profile II YES / NO YES
and Profile II Ethernet)
Counters (max. 20) (DNP 3.0 Profile II 1 - 32767 1 1
and Profile II Ethernet)
MODBUS Protocol
IED Address 0 - 247 1 1

3.33-13
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

• Communications: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - NOMINAL VALUES 0 - PORTS

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PASSWORDS 1 - PROTOCOLS
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - COMMUNICATIONS
2 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - TIME AND DATE
3 - INFORMATION 4 - DISPLAY CONTROLS
5 - DISP. LIGHT. [Link]
6 - COMMAND BUTTONS

Ports / CAN Ports

0 - PORTS 0 - CAN 0 - BAUDRATE

1 - PROTOCOLS 1 - LOCAL PORT 1 - COMMS FAIL IND. TIME
2 - REMOTE PORT 1
3 - REMOTE PORT 2
4 - IRIG-B

Ports / Local Port

0 - PORTS 0 - CAN 0 - BAUDRATE

1 - PROTOCOLS 1 - LOCAL PORT 1 - STOP BITS
2 - REMOTE PORT 1 2 - PARITY
3 - REMOTE PORT 2 3 - RX TIME BTW. CHAR
4 - IRIG-B 4 - COMMS FAIL IND. TIME

Ports / Remote Ports 1 and 2

0 - PORTS 0 - CAN 0 - PROTOCOL SELECT.

1 - PROTOCOLS 1 - LOCAL PORT 1 - BAUDRATE
2 - REMOTE PORT 1 2 - STOP BITS
3 - REMOTE PORT 2 3 - PARITY
4 - IRIG-B 4 - RX TIME BTW. CHAR
5 - COMMS FAIL IND. TIME
6 - ADVANCED SETTINGS

0 - PROTOCOL SELECT.
1 - BAUDRATE
2 - STOP BITS
3 - PARITY 0 - OPERATING MODE
4 - RX TIME BTW. CHAR 1 - TIME
5 - COMMS FAIL IND. TIME 2 - MESSAGE MODIF.
6 - ADVANCED SETTINGS 3 - COLLITIONS

3.33-14
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.33 Communications

0 - OPERATING MODE 0 - TX TIME FACTOR

1 - TIME 1 - TX TIMEOUT CONST.
2 - MESSAGE MODIF. 2 - STOP BYTES 485
3 - COLLITIONS

0 - OPERATING MODE
1 - TIME
2 - MESSAGE MODIF. 0 - NUMBER OF ZEROS
3 - COLLITIONS

0 - OPERATING MODE 0 - COLLISION TYPE

1 - TIME 1 - MAX RETRIES
2 - MESSAGE MODIF. 2 - MIN RETRY TIME
3 - COLLITIONS 3 - MAX RETRY TIME

Ports / Ethernet Remote Ports 1, 2 and 3

0 - PORTS 0 - LOCAL PORT

1 - PROTOCOLS 1 - REMOTE PORT 1
2 - REMOTE PORT 2 0 - PROTOCOL SELECT
3 - REMOTE PORT 3 1 - UART
4 - IRIG-B 2 - ETHERNET

0 - PROTOCOL SELECT 0 - BAUDRATE

1 - UART 1 - STOP BITS
2 - ETHERNET 2 - PARITY
3 - RX TIME BTW. CHAR
4 - COMMS FAIL [Link]
5 - ADVANCED SETTINGS

0 - BAUDRATE
1 - STOP BITS
2 - PARITY 0 - OPERATING MODE
3-RX TIME BTW. CHAR 1 - TIME
4 - COMMS FAIL IND. TIME 2 - MESSAGE MODIF.
5 - ADVANCED SETTINGS 3 - COLLITIONS

0 - PROTOCOL SELECT. 0 - ETHERNET PORT

1 - UART 1 - IP ADDRESS
2 - ETHERNET 2 - SUBNET MASK
3 - PORT NUMBER
4 - KEEPALIVE TIME
5 - RX TIME BTW. CHAR
6 - COMMS FAIL [Link]

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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Ports / IRIG-B

0 - PORTS 0 - CAN
1 - PROTOCOLS 1 - LOCAL PORT
2 - REMOTE PORT 1
3 - REMOTE PORT 2
4 - IRIG-B 0 - IRIG-B TIME TYPE

Protocols / Procome Protocol

0 - PORTS 0 - PROCOME PROTOCOL 0 - UNIT NUMBER

1 - PROTOCOLS 1 - DNP 3.0 PROTOCOL 1 - COMMS PASSW. ENABLE
2 - MODBUS PROTOCOL 2 - COMMS PASSW. TIMEOUT
3 - COMMS PASSW.

Protocols / DNP 3.0 Protocol

0 - PORTS 0 - PROCOME PROTOCOL 0 - RELAY NUMBER

1 - PROTOCOLS 1 - DNP 3.0 PROTOCOL 1 - T. CONFIRM TIMEOUT
2 - MODBUS PROTOCOL 2 - MAX RETRIES
3 - HAB. UNSOLICITED
4 - UNSOL. PICKUP ACT.
5 - UNSOLIC. MASTER NO.
6 - UNSOL. GROUPING TIME
7 - SYNCR. INTERVAL
8 - BINARY CLASS
9 - ANALOG CLASS
10 - COUNTER CLASS
11 - BINARY STATUS
12 - 32 BIT ANALOG INP.
13 - MEASURES
14 - COUNTERS

Protocols / Modbus Protocol

0 - PORTS 0 - PROCOME PROTOCOL

1 - PROTOCOLS 1 - DNP 3.0 PROTOCOL
2 - MODBUS PROTOCOL 0 - UNIT NUMBER

3.33-16
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.33 Communications

3.33.7 Communications Test

In order to proceed with the communications testing the relay must be supplied with the nominal
voltage. Then the “In Service” LED must light up.

3.33.7.a PROCOME Protocol Test

The testing shall be performed through the three communications ports (one front and two rear
[P1 and P2] ports), which must be set as follows:

Baud rate 38,400 bauds

Stop bits 1
Parity 1 (even)

All ports shall be assigned the PROCOME protocol in order to use the ZivercomPlus®
communications program in all of them.

Connect with the relay through the front port via a male DB9 cable. Synchronize the time
through the ZivercomPlus® program. Disconnect the relay and wait for two minutes. Then,
supply power to the relay again and connect with the relay through both rear ports. Finally set
the ZivercomPlus® program to cyclic and check that the time updates properly with both P1
and P2 connected.

3.33-17
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.33.7.b DNP v3.0 Protocol Tests

The main objects to test are:

1 0 Binary Input – All variations

1 1 Binary Input

The relay is asked about the state in that instant of the IED's status contact input signals (digital
inputs, digital outputs, logic signals) configured to be sent via DNP v3.0.

2 0 Binary Input Change – All variations

2 1 Binary Input Change without Time
2 2 Binary Input Change with Time
2 3 Binary Input Change with Relative Time

The relay is asked about the control changes generated by the status contact input signals
configured to be sent via DNP v3.0. They can be all the changes, without time, with time or with
relative time.

10 0 Binary Outputs – All variations

The relay is asked about the state of the writings of outputs configured in the relay.

12 1 Control Relay Output Block

The operations sent through communications are tested on the IED.

20 0 Binary Counter – All variations

20 1 32-bit Binary Counter
21 0 Frozen Counter – All variations
21 1 32-bit Frozen Counter
22 0 Counter Change Event – All variations

A request is made for the value of the counters included in the IED's logic. These counters can
be 32-bits binary or frozen counters. A request is also made for the changes generated by the
value of these counters.

30 0 Analog Input – All variations

30 2 16-Bit Analog Input

A request is made for the value of the IED's analog inputs at that precise moment.

32 0 Analog Change Event – All variations

32 4 16-Bit Analog Change Event with Time

A request is made for the control changes generated by the variation in the value of the IED's
analog channels.

40 0 Analog Output Status – All variations

3.33-18
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.33 Communications

The relay is asked about the state at that precise moment of the value of the IED's analog
outputs.

41 2 16-Bit Analog Output Block

The relay is asked about the state at that precise moment of the value of the IED's 16-bit analog
outputs.

50 1 Time and Date

The IED's date and time are synchronized.

52 2 Time Delay Fine

The relay is asked about the communications delay time. It is measured from the time the relay
receives the first bit of the first byte of the question until the transmission of the first bit of the
first byte of the IED's response.

60 1 Class 0 Data
60 2 Class 1 Data
60 3 Class 2 Data
60 4 Class 3 Data

The relay is asked about the various data defined in the relay as Class 0, Class 1, Class 2 and
Class 3.

Within these requests, the IED's generation and sending of Unsolicited Messages for each of
the different kinds of data is tested.

80 1 Internal Indications

The IED's Internal Indication bit (IIN1-7 bit Device Restart) is reset.

-- -- No Object (Cold Start)

When the IED receives a “Cold Load Pickup” object, it must answer with a message object
“Time Delay Fine” and with a reset of the internal indication bit IIN1-7 (Device Restart).

-- -- No Object (Warm Start)

When the IED receives a “Warm Load Pickup” object, it must answer with a message object
“Time Delay Fine” and with a reset of the internal indication bit IIN1-7 (Device Restart).

-- -- No Object (Delay Measurement)

The IED must answer with a communications object “Time Delay Fine.”

The Broadcast addresses are tested and the indications corresponding to “All Stations” with
each of them.

3.33-19
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.33-20
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.34 Integrated
Simulator

3.34.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 3.34-2

3.34.2 Integrated Simulator Settings ................................................................................ 3.34-3
3.34.3 Digital Inputs of the Integrated Simulator .............................................................. 3.34-3
3.34.4 Auxiliary Outputs of the Integrated Simulator ........................................................ 3.34-3
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.34.1 Description
The IRX IED is provided with a special test and simulation mode of the implemented units which
allows to upload an external oscillogram through any of the communication ports used by the
PROCOME protocol. Oscillograms captured by the equipment itself or by other equipment can
be used. In the latter case, an external program will prepare the oscillogram for this purpose
(adaptation of the sampling frequency and scale).

Once an oscillogram is sent through the ZivercomPlus® program, the equipment enters into
Oscillogram Simulation Mode, from which it can exit through an activation pulse of the
Oscillogram Simulation Cancellation input. The simulation will only commence when, with
the equipment in oscillogram simulation mode, one of the following two conditions is fulfilled:

• Reception of an activation pulse of the Oscillogram Simulation Start input, provided

that the Trigger Enable Via Digital Signal setting is set at YES.
• The time of the IED reaches the time set in the uploaded oscillogram, provided that the
Time Trigger Enable setting is set at YES.

Once the simulation is complete, the equipment exits the oscillography simulation mode after 5
seconds. To return to this mode, without having to upload a new oscillogram, if the relay already
has one (it always considers the last oscillogram, either collected by it or previously uploaded
through communications), it is only necessary to activate the Start Oscillogram Simulation
Mode input.

With the start of the simulation, the relay suspends the capture of samples from the analog-
digital converter and carries out a reading, from the memory, of the samples contained in the
oscillogram, operating with samples read in the same manner as those captured.

The oscillogram storage operates in normal mode, such that the waveforms captured can be
compared with those read.

Given that the simulation function is also considered for use with equipment already installed,
as part of the maintenance practices, it may be necessary to impede the real actuation of the
relay over its physical environment; for this reason, it is possible to disable the following
resources through setting:

• Physical Digital Inputs: when the Digital Input Simulation setting is set at YES, the
equipment ignores the state of the physical digital inputs, which are substituted by the
logical signals of the oscillogram configured as digital inputs.
• Switching Outputs: when the Trip and Close Contact Operation Enable setting is set
at NO, the equipment ceases to act on the switching outputs.
• Auxiliary Outputs: when the Auxiliary Output Operation Enable setting is set at NO,
the equipment ceases to act on the auxiliary outputs.

3.34-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.34 Integrated Simulator

3.34.2 Integrated Simulator Settings

Integrated Simulator
Setting Range Step By default
Trigger enable via digital signal YES / NO NO
Time trigger enable YES / NO NO
Digital input simulation YES / NO NO
Trip and close contact operation enable YES / NO NO
Auxiliary output operation enable YES / NO NO

3.34.3 Digital Inputs of the Integrated Simulator

Table 3.34-1: Digital Inputs of the Integrated Simulator

Name Description Function
Activation of this input takes the
INST_MODE_SIM Oscillogram simulation mode start input equipment to the oscillogram
simulation mode.
Activation of this input starts
IN_ST_SIM_OSC Oscillogram simulation start input
simulation.
Activation of this input removes
the equipment from the
INCNCL_SIMOSC Oscillogram simulation cancellation input
oscillogram simulation mode
state.

3.34.4 Auxiliary Outputs of the Integrated Simulator

Table 3.34-2: Auxiliary Outputs of the Integrated Simulator

Name Description Function
An oscillogram is received to
FILE_LOADED File uploaded
carry out simulation.
The equipment is in oscillogram
MODE_SIM_OSC Oscillogram simulation mode
simulation mode.
The equipment has started a
PU_SIM_OSC Simulation picked up
simulation.

3.34-3
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.34-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.35 Alarm Codes

3.35.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3.35-2

3.35.2 Activation of Signal and Alarm Generation Event.................................................. 3.35-2
3.35.3 Update of the Alarm Status Magnitude .................................................................. 3.35-2
3.35.4 Indication on the HMI Stand-By Screen................................................................. 3.35-3
3.35.5 General Alarm Counter .......................................................................................... 3.35-3
3.35.6 Common Repairs ................................................................................................... 3.35-3
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.35.1 Introduction
IRX models notify the occurrence of alarms by 3 routes:

• Activation of an Alarm Generation Signal and Event

• Update of the Alarm Status Magnitude
• Indication on the HMI Stand-by Screen
• General alarm counter

3.35.2 Activation of Signal and Alarm Generation Event

The IED has 2 digital signals to indicate critical and non-critical level alarms:

• Non-critical system error: ERR_NONCRIT

• Critical system error: ERR_CRIT

The activation of any of these signals generates its associated event. These signals can be
used as inputs to be processed by the user-developed algorithms. Likewise, these signals can
be connected to any of the communications protocols for their remote notification.

3.35.3 Update of the Alarm Status Magnitude

The IED has a magnitude whose value is determined by the combination of active alarms in the
IED. This magnitude can be used as input to be processed by the user-developed algorithms.
Likewise, a user-developed algorithm can connect this magnitude or the outcome of its
processing to any of the communications protocols for transmission. Table 3.35-1 shows the
possible causes of alarm coded by alarm magnitude, together with their level of severity.

Table 3.35-1: Alarm Status Magnitude and Severity Level

Alarm Value Severity
Error read settings 0x00000001 CRITICAL
Non-calibrated relay 0x00000010 NON-CRITICAL
Protection operation error 0x00000020 CRITICAL
Error write settings 0x00000040 CRITICAL
Non-critical error in A/D converter 0x00000080 NON-CRITICAL
Critical error in A/D converter 0x00000100 CRITICAL
Loss of content in non-volatile RAM 0x00000200 NON-CRITICAL
Error in internal clock operation 0x00000400 NON-CRITICAL
Digital I/O Operation Error 0x00002000 CRITICAL
Error read/write from FLASH 0x00008000 CRITICAL
Error lack of VCC 0x00080000 CRITICAL
Error IEC 61850 0x00100000 NON-CRITICAL
Error signals 0x00200000 CRITICAL
Error in configuration 0x00800000 NON-CRITICAL
Program error 0x01000000 CRITICAL
Communications Port Error 0x10000000 NON-CRITICAL

In the case of more than one alarm at once, the sum of the codes of these alarms is seen in
hexadecimal form.

3.35-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
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 3.35 Alarm Codes

3.35.4 Indication on the HMI Stand-By Screen

The activation of the Critical System Error signal produces the display of the current magnitude
of the status of alarms of the IED in hexadecimal format on the stand-by display of the HMI.

3.35.5 General Alarm Counter

The relay is provided with three counters on the HMI to inform on the number of starts, re-starts
and Traps:

• Number of starts (NARRANQS) Informs on the number of times the relay has been cold
restarted (relay power supply failure).
• Number of restarts (NREARRAQS) Informs on the number of times the relay has been
hot restarted (manually through change in configuration, or change of any nominal setting
or relay reset).
• Number of Traps (NTRAPS) Number of exceptions produced in the relay followed by a
reset.

Warning: contact the manufacturer if the unit displays any of these alarms codes or
Traps counter increment.

3.35.6 Common Repairs

Table 3.35-2: Overall Problems

- Check the power supply matches - Increase relay power supply.
the nameplate data and the - If the alarm output is not activated and the
Relay does not external wiring diagram. relay is communicating, then the problem
go on - Check the alarm output status. rests probably on the front panel or cable
connected to the front panel.

- Check the polarity. - Check the external wiring.

- Check AC voltage. - Check the digital inputs and cable outputs
Digital input - Check input activation on the (50 pins).
does not screen.
activate - Check supervision input
configuration.

- Remove the external wiring. - Check varistor condition.

- Activate the digital output and - Change the relay with the damaged
Digital output is check the impedance between contact.
not operating terminals. - If the output is not operating check the
- Check the activation of the digital digital inputs and cable outputs (50 pins).
output on the screen. - Check the output configuration in the logic.

Analog input - Check the presence of voltage / - Calibrate the relay again.
loss current at the analog signal input.

3.35-3
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Table 3.35-2: Overall Problems

- Compare relay communications - Can communicate with other ZIV relays?
settings with laptop PC settings - Test the communications with any other
(both must coincide). laptop PC.
- Check the communications cable - Check the front panel cable (50 pins).
No
PIN 2 at one end is connected to
communications
PIN 3 at the other end. PIN 5 is
through front port
connected to PIN 5 at the other
end.
- Communicate through another
serial port.
No - Check protocol communications - Change the communications port.
communications and configuration.
through rear port

3.35-4
BIRX0905A
IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.36 Fault
Locator

3.36.1 Fault Locator Settings ............................................................................................ 3.36-2

3.36.1.a Line Impedance ................................................................................................ 3.36-2
3.36.1.b Local Source Impedance .................................................................................. 3.36-2
3.36.1.c Configuration of the Fault Locator .................................................................... 3.36-2
3.36.2 Phase Selector....................................................................................................... 3.36-4
3.36.3 Location of Faults with 2 VTs and 3VTs ................................................................ 3.36-4
3.36.4 Configuration of the Fault Locator ......................................................................... 3.36-5
3.36.5 Location Information .............................................................................................. 3.36-6
3.36.6 Fault Locator Settings ............................................................................................ 3.36-9
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.36.1 Fault Locator Settings

3.36.1.a Line Impedance
The settable electrical parameters of the line are: Positive Sequence Magnitude, Positive
Sequence Angle, Zero Sequence Angle and K0 Factor, where all values are secondary
ohms.

The K0 Factor setting allows you to define the zero sequence compensation factor (Z0 = k0 x
Z1).

3.36.1.b Local Source Impedance

The impedance of zero sequence of source line (magnitude and angle) must also be set if only
two phase-phase voltage transformers (VAB and VBC) are being used.

Note: setting ranges of Positive Sequence Magnitude and Zero Sequence Magnitude will depend on the Current
Nominal value.

3.36.1.c Configuration of the Fault Locator

• Line Length
This setting corresponds to the length of the line that the locator is going to operate on. It is a
dimensionless value.
• Length Units
The line Length Units setting allows selecting the unit of length, kilometres or miles, for the
preceding setting.
• Locator Units
The Locator Units setting can be a unit of length or a percentage of the line length. When there
is a fault, the locator will express the measurements according to this setting.
• Permanent Indication and Indication Duration
Once the distance to the fault is calculated, the location measurement variable will maintain the
value calculated for some time. This time depends on the Permanent indication and
Indication Duration settings.

If the Permanent Indication setting is YES, the value of the variable will not change until a new
fault report is stored. Then it will change to the new value. In this operation mode, the location
measurement will always be the value calculated for the last fault report stored.

If, on the contrary, the Permanent Indication setting is NO, the measurement variable will
maintain the value for the time defined in the Indication Duration setting. If another fault report
is stored meanwhile, the corresponding distance to the fault is not stored in the location
measurement variable, although it is stored in its corresponding fault report record.

3.36-2
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 3.36 Fault Locator

This operating mode is the same for the fault distance indication in the display as well as for the
distance value which can be configured to be sent by communications through any of the
available protocols.
• Minimum Zero Sequence Current Value
You can set a zero sequence current (3 x I0) threshold value for single-phase faults. This way, if
two and a half cycles after the pickup of the first element the 3 x I0 magnitudes is less than this
setting, the fault will be classified as an unknown fault the setting is Minimum Zero Sequence
Current Value and it refers to primary values.
• Indication Zone
The setting Indication Zone selects if the fault locator calculates distance to the fault for faults
inside the protected line of for any fault detected by the relay. The availability of the information
is limited to the display in the HMI, fault reports and communications.

With the option Inside Line, information is available for faults located inside the defined length
for the protected line.

With the option Inside and Outside, information is available for any fault independent of the
location being inside or outside of the defined length.

t is important to consider the setting Pickup Report described in section 3.24.6.

With the option Inside Line is possible to consider the pickup of the units. In any case all the
faults are detected

The option Inside and Outside requires to set the Pickup Report to YES to be able to detect
faults outside the protected line and calculate the distance to the fault (in these cases under
normal operation the relay will not generate trips). Unless the directional units are set to
reverse, the relay cans only pickup for faults upstream but never trip. Therefore the only way to
detect such faults is via the pickup report. Same applies for faults located over 100% of the line
length. If the relay is coordinated properly, and for normal operating conditions the relay will
pickup but never trip. Again the only way to detect such faults is via the pickup report.

3.36-3
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.36.2 Phase Selector

The Fault Locator uses the Phase Selector (see 3.4) to determine the type of fault. Then the
algorithm for each type of fault determines the distance to the fault.

3.36.3 Location of Faults with 2 VTs and 3VTs

To locate faults, it is necessary to set the line parameters (impedances of positive and zero
sequences) to secondary values. Line impedance in primary ohms becomes secondary ohms
as follows:

ΩSECONDARY = Ω PRIMARY ⋅ (PCTR VTR )

where

PCTR is the transformation ratio of the phase currents and

VTR is the transformation ratio of the voltages

When the IED is configured for 3 voltage transformers, these parameters are sufficient to
calculate the distance to the fault. Depending on the Locator Units selected, the Line Length
setting will be used or not. It will be taken into account when Line Length Units have been
selected instead of %.

When the IED is configured for 2 voltage transformers (phase-to-phase voltages), it is also
necessary to set the Zero Sequence Impedance of the Local Source; its magnitude is also
set in secondary ohms. This way, the zero sequence voltage that flows through the fault can be
calculated.

3.36-4
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 3.36 Fault Locator

3.36.4 Configuration of the Fault Locator

As indicated in section 3.36.1, the Fault Locator has two settings for sending the distance
through remote communications (in the control profile):

Indication Duration: 1 - 120 min

If the Permanent Indication setting is NO, the locator takes the Indication Duration setting
into account for sending the distance through the communications profile. When a fault report
occurs, the indication of the distance through the control profile lasts the time set. If a new fault
occurs meanwhile, the distance sent by communications is still that of the first fault. When the
set time transpires, an invalid value for the distance is sent. Now if a new fault occurs the
distance to this last fault is sent. In contrast, the Last Trip indication in the display and the Fault
Report always show the locator's distance for the last trip produced.

If the Permanent Indication setting is YES, communications always sends the distance of the
last fault registered. If the relay has not registered a fault, it will be sending an invalid value.

Also as stated in section 3.36.1, the Fault Locator has a setting to block distance-to-fault
calculation for single-phase faults with 3 x I0 values below the setting two and a half cycles after
the pickup. The fault will be classified as an UNKNOWN FAULT:

Minimum value of zero sequence current:0 - 500A

This setting refers to primary values.

Those faults that last less than 2.5 cycles will also be classified as an UNKNOWN FAULT.

Any fault occurring during the 15 cycles after the breaker closes will also be classified as an
UNKNOWN FAULT. This logic only considers the breaker status change. It makes the locator
insensitive to the inrush currents of the transformers that are energized when the breaker
closes.

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

3.36.5 Location Information

• From Display
The indication of the distance to the fault can be set to be offered either in line length units
(kilometres or miles) or in percentage of the line length. It is always accompanied by the type of
fault (AN, BN, CN, AB, BC, CA, ABN, BCN, CAN and THREE-PHASE). The default screen will
indicate this distance when there is a fault.

The messages that the fault locator can present in the display depend on the calculations that it
Performs. The possibilities are:

- Negative distances.
- Positive distances.
- When the locator lacks information for calculating the distance: the display shows
UNKNOWN FAULT.
- While the distance is being calculated: the display shows the message, CALCULATING
DISTANCE.
• Fault Report
The information about the distance to the fault that can appear in the report is the same as that
shown in the display, that is, the elements are the same as those chosen to be presented in it.
When the fault is unknown, however, the distance will be filled in with asterisks and the type of
fault will be UNKNOWN FAULT.
• Information via Remote Communications
The distance to the fault value sent via communications by the protocol selected is fully
configurable; that is, its Full-Scale value and the Type of Elements in which it is sent can be
chosen.

The options for configuring it in the programmable logic so that it will be sent are: Percentage
Value, the Value in Kilometers or the Value in Miles. The selection is totally independent of
the magnitude used for presenting it on the display and in the fault reports.

With the ZivercomPlus® it is possible to define the full-scale value to be used to transmit this
magnitude in counts, the unit that all the protocols use. There are three definable parameters
that determine the range of distance covered:

• Offset value: the minimum value of the magnitude for which 0 counts are sent.
• Limit: the length of the range of the magnitude on which it is interpolated to calculate the
number of counts to send. If the offset value is 0, it coincides with the value of the
magnitude for which the maximum defined counts are sent for each protocol (4095
counts for PROCOME and MODBUS and 32767 counts for DNP 3.0).
• Nominal flag: this flag allows determining whether the limit set is proportional to the rated
value of the magnitude or not. The rated value of the new magnitudes defined by the user
in the programmable logic can be configured, while the rest of the existing magnitudes
are fixed.

3.36-6
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 3.36 Fault Locator

The expression that allows defining this Full-Scale value is the following:

When the Nominal Flag is enabled:

Measurement − Offset 4095

CommunicationsMeasurement = × for PROCOME and MODBUS
Nominal Limit

Measurement − Offset 32767

CommunicationsMeasurement = × for DNP 3.0
Nominal Limit

When the Nominal Flag is NOT enabled,

4095
CommunicationsMeasurement = ( Measurement − Offset ) × for PROCOME and MODBUS
Limit

32767
CommunicationsMeasurement = ( Measurement − Offset ) × for DNP 3.0
Limit

Taking into account this system for sending values, if the distance is to be sent so that 0 counts
are sent in 0% and the maximum number of counts allowed by the protocol are sent in 100%,
the settings must be:

The Percentage Value of the distance is selected. The following settings are made:

Offset value = 0
Limit = 100
Nominal Flag = NO

To create a profile like

that of figure 3.36.3, the
following configuration is
required:

The Percentage Value

of the distance is
selected. The following
settings are made:

Offset value = -20

Limit = 120
Nominal Flag = NO

Figure 3.36.1: Scale of the Locator Measurements in the Control Profile.

3.36-7
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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Moreover, if between -20% and 0%, 0 counts should be sent, all that is needed is an algorithm
in the programmable logic generating a user magnitude that is the User Percentage Value.
This new magnitude is the one that will be sent via communications. It is generated as follows:

• An Analog Selector is configured. Its inputs are the Percentage Value and a Zero; its
output is the User Percentage Value.
• A Comparator is configured to activate its output of Greater than (>) when the
Percentage Value is greater than 0, and subsequently denies this output.
• This denied output is used as a signal to control the Analog Selector.

Thus, the following is received via communications:

Distance: -20% → 0 counts

Distance: 100% → 32767 counts (DNP 3.0) or 4095 counts (PROCOME and MODBUS)

This way, if the distance that the locator calculates is greater than 100% or is less than or equal
to 0%, the measurement sent in the control profile is 0 counts.

If the idea is to send the distance in kilometers or miles, sending the same number of counts as
kilometers or miles shown on the display and the fault report will require the following
configuration:

The value in Kilometers or Miles of the distance is selected. The following settings are
made:

Offset value = 0
Limit = 4095 for PROCOME and MODBUS and 32767 for DNP 3.0
Nominal Flag = NO

As indicated previously, there are two locator settings in protection related to the transmission of
the distance to control protocol: Permanent Indication and Indication Duration.

There is another input to the fault locator module, the Restore the Distance to the Fault input.
Its function is to set the value of the distance to the fault and the type of fault that can be sent
via communications to zero.

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 3.36 Fault Locator

3.36.6 Fault Locator Settings

Capacitive Transformer
Setting Range Step By Default
Capacitive VT YES / NO NO

Length and Units

Setting Range Step By Default
Line length 0.1 - 1000 0.01 100
Line length unit 0:Km Km
1: Miles
Locator unit 0: Length units % of Length
1: % of Length

Line Impedance
Setting Range Step By Default
Positive Sequence Magnitude 0.01 - 250 Ω 0.01 Ω 0.01 Ω
Positive Sequence Angle 15 - 90º 1º 75º
Z1 K0 Factor 1 - 20 0.01 1
Zero Sequence Angle 15º - 90º 1º 75º

Local Source Impedance

Setting Range Step By Default
Zero Sequence Magnitude 0.01 - 50 Ω 0.01 Ω 1.25 Ω
Zero Sequence Angle 25º - 90º 1º 75º

Indication
Setting Range Step By Default
Permanent Indication YES / NO NO
Time Indication 1 - 120 min 1 min 5 min
Zero Sequence Min. Value 0 - 500 A 0.01 A 0A
Indication zones 0: Internal Faults 0: Internal
1: Internal and External Faults

• Fault Locator: HMI Access

0 - CONFIGURATION 0 - GENERAL 0 - SOBREINTENSIDAD

1 - OPERATIONS 1 - PROTECTION …
2 - ACTIVATE GROUP 2 - RECLOSER 17 - LOCALIZADOR
3 - CHANGE SETTINGS 3 - LOGIC …
4 - INFORMATION ...

0 - OVERCURRENT 0 - LENGTH AND UNITS

… 1 - LINE IMPEDANCE
17 - FAULT LOCATOR 2 - LOCAL SOURCE Z
… 3 - INDICATION

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 Chapter 3. Functions and Description of Operation

Length and Units

0 - LENGTH AND UNITS 0 - LINE LENGTH

1 - LINE IMPEDANCE 1 - LENGTH UNITS
2 - LOCAL SOURCE Z 2 - LOCATOR UNITS
3 - INDICATION

Line Impedance

0 - LENGTH AND UNITS 0 - POS. SEQ. MAGNITUDE

1 - LINE IMPEDANCE 1 - POS. SEQ. ANGLE
2 - LOCAL SOURCE Z 2 - ZERO SEQ. ANGLE
3 - INDICATION 3 - Z1 K0 FACTOR

Local Source Impedance

0 - LENGTH AND UNITS 0 - ZERO SEQ. MAGNITUDE

1 - LINE IMPEDANCE 1 - ZERO SEQ. ANGLE
2 - LOCAL SOURCE Z
3 - INDICATION

Indication

0 - LENGTH AND UNITS 0 - PERMANENT INDICATION

1 - LINE IMPEDANCE 1 - TIME INDICATION
2 - LOCAL SOURCE Z 2 - ZERO SEQ. MIN VALUE
3 - INDICATION 3 - INDICATION ZONE

3.36-10
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 A. PROCOME 3.0
Protocol

A.1 Control Application Layer ............................................................................................ A-2

A.2 Control Data ................................................................................................................ A-3
 Annex A. PROCOME 3.0 Protocol

A.1 Control Application Layer

• Application Functions

; Initialization of the secondary station

; Clock synchronization
; Control functions
; Control interrogation
; Refreshing of digital control signals
; Write outputs
; Enabling and disabling of inputs
; Overflow
; Force single coil

• Compatible ASDUs in Secondary-to-Primary Direction

; <5> Identification
; <6> Clock synchronization
; <100> Transmission of metering values and digital control signal changes
; <101> Transmission of counters
; <103> Transmission of digital control states
; <110> Write binary outputs
; <121> Force single coil

• Compatible ASDUs in Primary to Secondary Direction

; <6> Clock synchronization

; <100> Control data request (Metering values and control changes INF=200)
; <100> Control data request (Capture of counters INF=202)
; <100> Control data request (Request for counters INF=201)
; <103> Request for digital control states
; <110> Write binary outputs
; <112> Enable/disable binary inputs
; <121> Force single coil

A-2
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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Annex A. PROCOME 3.0 Protocol

A.2 Control Data

• Control Metering (MEA-s)
Configurable through the Zivercom®: any value measured or calculated by the protection or
generated by the programmable logic. It is possible to select between primary and secondary
values, taking into account the corresponding transformation ratios.

All the full scale values of the magnitudes are definable, and these magnitudes can be used to
create user values. Some typical values are:

• Phase and sequence currents and harmonics: Rated value IPHASE + 20% sends 4095
counts.
• Ground and synchronization currents: Rated value IGROUND + 20% sends 4095 counts.
• Sensitive ground and directional ungrounded neutral currents: 1.2 A sends 4095 counts.
• Line-to-neutral and sequence voltages and harmonics: (Rated value V / √3) + 20% sends
4095 counts.
• Phase-to-phase and polarization voltages: Rated value V + 20% sends 4095 counts.
• Powers: 3 x 1.4 x Rated value IPHASE x Rated value / √3 sends 4095 counts.
• Power factor: from –1 to 1 sends from –4095 to 4095 counts.
• Frequency: from 0 Hz to 1.2 x FrequencyRATED (50Hz / 60Hz) sends 4095 counts.
• Thermal value: 240% sends 4095 counts
• Distance to the fault:
- Percentage value: ±100% sends ±4095 counts (range from -100% to 100%).
- Value in kilometers: with the “length of the line,” it sends ±4095 counts (range from 0
km to the length of the line set in km. It can also send negative values).
- Value in miles: with the “length of the line,” it sends ±4095 counts (range from 0 km
to the length of the line set in miles. It can also send negative values).

With the Zivercom® program, it is possible to define the full-scale value to be used to transmit
this magnitude in counts, the unit that all the protocols use. There are three definable
parameters that determine the range of distance covered:

• Offset value: the minimum value of the magnitude for which 0 counts are sent.
• Limit: the length of the range of the magnitude on which it is interpolated to calculate the
number of counts to send. If the offset value is 0, it coincides with the value of the
magnitude for which the defined maximum of counts (4095) is sent.
• Nominal flag: this flag allows determining whether the limit set is proportional to the rated
value of the magnitude or not. The rated value of the new magnitudes defined by the user
in the programmable logic can be configured, while the rest of the existing magnitudes
are fixed.

A-3
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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Annex A. PROCOME 3.0 Protocol

The expression that allows defining this full-scale value is the following:

• -When the Nominal flag is enabled,

Measurement − Offset 4095
CommunicationsMeasurement = ×
Nominal Limit
• -When the Nominal flag is NOT enabled,
4095
CommunicationsMeasurement = (Measurement − Offset) ×
Limit
• Counters
Configurable through the Zivercom®: Counters can be created with any signal configured in the
programmable logic or from the protection modules. The default counters are those of the real
energies (positive and negative) and the reactive energies (capacitive and inductive).

The metering range of energies in primary values is from 100wh/varh to 99999 MWh/Mvarh.
The magnitude transmitted via communications is this same primary value; that is, one (1) count
represents 100 wh/varh.
• Force Single Coil (ISE-s)
Configurable through the Zivercom®: A command can be made on any input from the
protection modules and on any signal configured in the programmable logic.
• Write Control Outputs (ISS-s)
Configurable through the Zivercom®: A writing can be made on any input from the protection
modules and on any signal configured in the programmable logic.
• Digital Control Signals (ISC-s)
Configurable through the Zivercom®: Any input or output logic signal from the protection
modules or generated by the programmable logic.

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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
B. DNP V3.00 Device
Profiles Document
 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

DNP V3.0
DEVICE PROFILE DOCUMENT
This document must be accompanied by: Implementation Table and Point List.

Vendor Name: ZIV Aplicaciones y Tecnología S.A.

Device Name: IRX

Highest DNP Level Supported: Device Function:

For Requests 2 Master 7 Slave

For Responses 2
Notable objects, functions, and/or qualifiers supported in addition to the Highest DNP Levels
Supported (the complete list is described in the attached table):
1) Supports Enable/Disable Unsolicited Responses (FC=20 and 21), for classes 1 and
2.
2) Supports Write operations (FC=2) on Time and Date objects.
3) Supports Delay measurement Fine (FC=23).
4) Supports Warm Start command (FC=14).
5) Supports Unsolicited after Restart (for compatibility with terminals whose revision is
before DNP3-1998)
6) Supports selection of DNP3 Revision.
7) Supports indication of no synchronization in time.
8) Supports simultaneous communications with two different Master devices
9) Supports assign event Class for Binary, Analog and Counter events:
Class 1 , Class 2, Class 3, None
10) Supports respond to Multiple Read Request with multiple object types in the
same Application Fragment .
Maximum Data Link Frame Size (octets): Maximum Application Fragment Size (octets):

Transmitted _____292______ Transmitted _2048 (if >2048, must be

Received _____292______ configurable)
Received___249__(must be <= 249)
Maximum Data Link Re-tries: Maximum Application Layer Re-tries:

7 None None
Fixed at ____________________ 7 Configurable, range __0__ to __3__
Configurable, range ___ to _____ (Fixed is not permitted)
Requires Data Link Layer Confirmation:

7 Never
Always
Sometimes. If ‘Sometimes’, when?
____________________________________________
Configurable. If ‘Configurable’, how?
__________________________________________

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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Requires Application Layer Confirmation:

Never
Always (not recommended)
7 When reporting Event Data (Slave devices only) For unsolicited, Class 1 Class 2
and Class 3 responses that contain Event Data. (If there is no Event Data reported into a
Class 1 2 or 3 response, Application Layer Confirmation is not requested)
When sending multi-fragment responses (Slave devices only)
Sometimes. If ‘Sometimes’, when?
Configurable. If ‘Configurable’, how?

Timeouts while waiting for:

Data Link Confirm 7 None Fixed at ____ Variable

Configurable
Complete Appl. Fragment 7 None Fixed at ____ Variable
Configurable
Application Confirm None Fixed at ____ Variable 7
Configurable
Complete Appl. Response 7 None Fixed at ____ Variable
Configurable

Others
_______________________________________________________________________

Attach explanation if ‘Variable’ or ‘Configurable’ was checked for any timeout

Application Confirm timeout setting (MMI): Range 50 ms. 65.535 ms.

Page 3 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Sends/Executes Control Operations:

• Maximum number of CROB (obj. 12, var. 1) objects supported in a single message
1
• Maximum number of Analog Output (obj. 41, any var.) supported in a single message
0
Pattern Control Block and Pattern Mask (obj. 12, var. 2 and 3 respectively)
supported.
CROB (obj. 12) and Analog Output (obj. 41) permitted together in a single message.

WRITE Binary Outputs 7 Never Always

Sometimes
Configurable
SELECT (3) / OPERATE (4) Never 7 Always Sometimes
Configurable
DIRECT OPERATE (5) Never 7 Always Sometimes
Configurable
DIRECT OPERATE - NO ACK (6) Never 7Always Sometimes
Configurable

Count > 1 Never Always 7 Sometimes Configurable

Pulse On Never 7Always Sometimes Configurable
Pulse Off Never 7 Always Sometimes Configurable
Latch On Never 7Always Sometimes Configurable
Latch Off Never 7Always Sometimes Configurable

Queue 7 Never Always Sometimes Configurable

Clear Queue 7 Never Always Sometimes Configurable
_______________________________________________________________________

Attach explanation:

• All points support the same Function Codes: (3) Select, (4) Operate, (5)
Direct Operate and (6) Direct Operate - No ACK.
• Maximum Select/Operate Delay Time: 60 seconds.
• Count can be >1 only for PULSE ON and PULSE OFF

Page 4 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

FILL OUT THE FOLLOWING ITEMS FOR SLAVE DEVICES ONLY:

Reports Binary Input Change Events when Reports time-tagged Binary Input Change
no specific variation requested: Events when no specific variation requested:

Never Never
7 Only time-tagged 7 Binary Input Change With Time
Only non-time-tagged Binary Input Change With Relative
Configurable to send both, one or Time
the Configurable (attach explanation)
other (attach explanation)

Sends Unsolicited Responses: Sends Static Data in Unsolicited Responses:

Never 7 Never
7 Configurable (See Note D) When Device Restarts
7 Only certain objects (Class 1 2 When Status Flags Change
and 3)
Sometimes (attach explanation) No other options are permitted.

7 ENABLE/DISABLE UNSOLICITED
Function codes supported
Default Counter Object/Variation: Counters Roll Over at:

No Counters Reported No Counters Reported

Configurable (attach explanation) Configurable (attach explanation)
7 Default Object _20,21____ 16 Bits
Default Variation ______1_____ 32 Bits
Point-by-point list attached 7 Other Value ____31 Bits____
Point-by-point list attached

Sends Multi-Fragment Responses: 7 Yes No

Page 5 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

QUICK REFERENCE FOR DNP3.0 LEVEL 2 FUNCTION CODES & QUALIFIERS

Function Codes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Index Size Qualifier Code
1 Read
2 Write
3 Select Index Size Qualifier Code
4 Operate
5 Direct Operate 0- No Index, Packed 0- 8-Bit Start and Stop Indices
6 Direct Operate-No ACK 1- 1 byte Index 1- 16-Bit Start and Stop Indices
7 Immediate Freeze 2- 2 byte Index 2- 32-Bit Start and Stop Indices
8 Immediate Freeze no ACK 3- 4 byte Index 3- 8-Bit Absolute address Ident.
13 Cold Start 4- 1 byte Object Size 4- 16-Bit Absolute address Ident.
14 Warm Start 5- 2 byte Object Size 5- 32-Bit Absolute address Ident.
20 Enable Unsol. Messages 6- 4 byte Object Size 6- No Range Field (all)
21 Disable Unsol. Messages 7- 8-Bit Quantity
23 Delay Measurement 8- 16-Bit Quantity
129 Response 9- 32-Bit Quantity
130 Unsolicited Message 11-(0xB) Variable array

Page 6 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

IMPLEMENTATION TABLE

REQUEST RESPONSE
OBJECT
(IRX parse) (IRX respond)
Func Qual Func Qual
Obj Var Description Codes Codes Codes Codes Notes
(dec) (hex) (dec) (hex)
Assigned to
1 0 Binary Input – All variations 1 0,1,6,7,8 Class 0.

1 1 Binary Input 1 0,1,6,7,8 129 0,1

2 0 Binary Input with Status 1 0,1,6,7,8 129 0,1

2 0 Binary Input Change – All variations 1 6,7,8

Assign to
2 2 Binary Input Change with Time 1 6,7,8 129,130 17,,28 Event
Class .
Echo of
12 1 Control Relay Output Block 3,4,5,6 17,28 129 17,28 request
Assigned to
20 0 Binary Counter – All variations 1 0,1,6,7,8 Class 0.

20 1 32 Bits Binary Counter 129 0,1

21 0 Frozen Counter – All variations 1 0,1,6,7,8

21 1 32 Bits Frozen Counter 129 0,1

22 0 Counter Change Event – All variations 1 6,7,8

Assign to
22 5 32 Bits Counter Change Event With Time 129,130 17,,28 Event
Class
Assigned to
30 0 Analog Input – All variations 1 0,1,6,7,8 Class 0.

30 1 32-Bit Analog Input 1 0,1,6,7,8 129 1

30 2 16-Bit Analog Input 1 0,1,6,7,8 129 1

32 0 Analog Change Event – All variations 1 6,7,8

Assign to
32 3 32-Bit Analog Change Event with Time 1 6,7,8 129,130 28 Event
Class
Assign to
32 4 16-Bit Analog Change Event with Time 1 6,7,8 129,130 28 Event
Class
7
50 1 Time and Date 2 129 C
count=1
52 2 Time Delay Fine 23 129 1 F,G

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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

REQUEST RESPONSE
OBJECT
(IRX parse) (IRX respond)
Func Qual Func Qual
Obj Var Description Codes Codes Codes Codes Notes
(dec) (hex) (dec) (hex)
60 1 Class 0 Data 1 6 129 1
1 6,7,8
60 2 Class 1 Data 129,130 28 D
20,21 6
1 6,7,8
60 3 Class 2 Data 129,130 28 D
20,21 6
1 6,7,8
60 4 Class 3 Data 129,130 28 D
20,21 6
0
80 1 Internal Indications 2 E
index=7
-- -- No Object (Cold Start) 13 F

-- -- No Object (Warm Start) 14 F

-- -- No Object (Delay Measurement) 23 G

NOTES
C: Device supports write operations on Time and Date objects. Time Synchronization-Required Internal Indication bit (IIN1-
4) will be cleared on the response.

D: The device can be configured to send or not, unsolicited responses depending on a configuration option by means of
MMI (Man-Machine Interface or front-panel user interface ZIVercomPlus). Then, the Master can Enable or Disable
Unsolicited messages (for Classes 1, 2 and 3) by means of requests (FC 20 and 21).
If the unsolicited response mode is configured “on”, then upon device restart, the device will transmit an initial Null
unsolicited response, requesting an application layer confirmation. While waiting for that application layer confirmation,
the device will respond to all function requests, including READ requests.

E: Restart Internal Indication bit (IIN1-7) can be cleared explicitly by the master.

F: The outstation, upon receiving a Cold or Warm Start request, will respond sending a Time Delay Fine object message
(which specifies a time interval until the outstation will be ready for further communications), restarting the DNP process,
clearing events stored in its local buffers and setting IIN1-7 bit (Device Restart).

G: Device supports Delay Measurement requests (FC = 23). It responds with the Time Delay Fine object (52-2). This object
states the number of milliseconds elapsed between Outstation receiving the first bit of the first byte of the request and the
time of transmission of the first bit of the first byte of the response.

Page 8 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

DEVICE SPECIFIC FEATURES

• Internal Indication IIN1-6 (Device trouble): Set to indicate a change in the current DNP
configuration in the outstation. Cleared in the next response. Used to let the master station
know that DNP settings have changed at the outstation. Note that some erroneous
configurations could make impossible to communicate this condition to a master station.

This document also states the DNP3.0 settings currently available in the device. If the user
changes whatever of these settings, it will set the Device Trouble Internal Indication bit on
the next response sent.
• Event buffers: device can hold as much as 128 Binary Input Changes, 64 Analog Input Changes
and 64 Counter Input Change. If these limits are reached the device will set the Event Buffers
Overflow Internal Indication bit on the next response sent. It will be cleared when the master
reads the changes, making room for new ones.
• Configuration Ä Operation Enable menu: the device can enable or disable permissions for the
operations over al Control Relay Output Block. In case permissions are configured off
(disabled) the response to a command (issued as Control Relay Output Block) will have the
Status code NOT_AUTHORIZED. In case the equipment is blocked the commands allowed
are the configured when permitted. While blocked, the relay will accept commands over the
configured signal. If the equipment is in operation inhibited state, the response to all
commands over the configured signal will have the Status code NOT_AUTHORIZED.
• Customers can configure Inputs/Outputs to suit their needs, by means of ZIVercomPlus®
software.

Page 9 of 40
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divulgación está absolutamente prohibida y puede ser causa de severas medidas legales.
 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

POINT LIST
BINARY INPUT (OBJECT 1) -> Assigned to Class 0.
BINARY INPUT CHANGE (OBJECT 2) -> Assign to Class.
Index Description
0 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points

1 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points

2 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
3 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
4 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
5 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
6 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
7 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
8 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
9 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
10 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
11 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
12 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
13 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
14 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
15 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
16 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
17 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
... Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
253 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
254 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
255 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points

CONTROL RELAY OUTPUT BLOCK (OBJECT 12)

Index Description
0 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points

1 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points

2 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
3 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
4 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
5 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
6 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
7 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
8 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
9 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
10 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
11 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
12 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
13 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points

Page 10 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

CONTROL RELAY OUTPUT BLOCK (OBJECT 12)

Index Description
14 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
15 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
16 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
17 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
... Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
253 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
254 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
255 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points

ANALOG INPUT (OBJECT 30) -> Assigned to Class 0.

ANALOG INPUT CHANGE (OBJECT 32) -> Assign to Class
Index Description Deadband
0 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_1.
1 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_2.
2 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_3.
3 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_4.
4 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_5.
5 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_6.
6 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_7.
7 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_8.
8 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_9.
9 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_10.
10 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_11.
11 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_12.
12 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_13.
13 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_14.
14 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_15.
15 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_16.

Page 11 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Additional assign with ZIVercomPlus®:

Index Description
16 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
17 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
18 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
19 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
20 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
21 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
22 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
23 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
24 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
25 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
26 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
27 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
.... Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
62 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
63 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points

The full scale ranges are adjustable and user’s magnitudes can be created. It’s possible to choose between primary
and secondary values, considering CT and PT ratios. Typical ranges in secondary values are:

Description Full Scale Range

Engineering units Counts
Currents (Phases, sequences, harmonics) 0 to 1,2 x InPHASE A 0 to 32767 TDeadband
Currents (Ground, polarizing) 0 to 1,2 x InGROUND A 0 to 32767 TDeadband
Currents (Ground sensitive, isolated neutral) 0 to 1,2 A 0 to 32767 TDeadband
Voltages (Phase to ground, sequences,
0 to 1,2 x Vn/√3 V 0 to 32767 TDeadband
harmonics)
Voltages(Phase to phase, synchronizing) 0 to 1,2 x Vn V 0 to 32767 TDeadband
Power (Real, reactive, apparent) 0 to 3 x 1,4 x InPHASE x Vn/√3 W -32768 to 32767 TDeadband
Power factor -1 to 1 -32768 to 32767 TDeadband
0 to 1,2 x Rated frequency
Frequency 0 to 32767 TDeadband
(50/60 Hz)
Thermal value 0 to 200% 0 to 32767 TDeadband
Distance to Fault
- Percentage of line length: 100% sends 32767 counts (range from -100% to
100%)
- Distance in kilometers: with the “line length” sends 32767 counts (range from -32768 to 32767 TDeadband
- “line length” to the “line length” set in km)
- Distance in miles: with the “line length” sends 32767 counts (range from -
“line length” to the “line length” set in miles)

Page 12 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

T Communication Measure in Counts

With ZIVercomPlus program is possible to define the Full Scale Range that is desired to transmit each magnitude in
counts. Parameters necessary to configure the Mathematical expression are:

- Offset: A number indicating the compensation of de Magnitude.

- Limit: it’s the Maximum value of magnitude range.
- Max Communication: it’s a constant that depend of the Number Bits of Analog Input.
Max Communication=2**(Number Bits Analog Input - 1)
For 16-Bit Analog Input (Obj 30 Var. 2) 2**( 15) = 32.767 counts
For 32-Bit Analog Input (Obj 30 Var. 1) 2**( 31) = [Link] counts
- Rated value: Nominal Value of the magnitude.
- Nominal Flag: This flag defines if the limit is proportional to the rated value of the magnitude.
- TR: Secondary to Primary Transformation Ratio.

Mathematical expression to describe the Full Scale Range is:

- When Nominal Flag is actived,

Measure − Offset MaxComunication

MeasureCom = TR × ×
RatedValue Limit

- When Nominal Flag is NOT actived,

MaxComunication
MeasureCom = TR × ( Measure − Offset ) ×
Limit

T Communication Measure in Engineering Units

With ZIVercomPlus program also it’s possible to transmit each magnitude in Engineering Units. Parameters
necessary to configure the Mathematical expression are:

- Offset: A number indicating the compensation of de magnitude.

- Limit: it’s the Maximum value of magnitude range.
- Rated value: Nominal Value of the magnitude.
- Nominal Flag: this flag defines if the limit is proportional to the rated value of the magnitude or not. The
rated value of the new magnitudes defined by the user is a setting, while for the pre-defined magnitudes is a
fix value.
- TR: Secondary to Primary Transformation Ratio.
- Scaling Factor: Multiply Factor of magnitude.

Page 13 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Mathematical expression to obtain Measure in Engineering Units is:

- When Nominal Flag is actived,

Measure − Offset
MeasureCom = TR × × ScalingFactor
RatedValue

- When Nominal Flag is NOT actived,

MeasureCom = TR × ( Measure − Offset ) × ScalingFactor

T DeadBands
• Deadband is an area of a magnitude range or band where no generate magnitude change (the magnitude is dead).
Meaning that no generation of Analogical Change Events if difference with value of generation of previous change is
not equal or greater that DeadBand calculated. There is an independent setting for each 16 Measures with change.
• A Deadband is calculated as a percentage defined in DeadBand Setting over value of parameter Limit.
• The Deadband can be adjusted to the device by means of MMI (Man-Machine Interface or front-panel user interface
ZIVercomPlus), between 0.0000% and 100.00%, in steps of 0.0001%. Default value is 100.00%, meaning that
generation of Analog Change Events is DISABLED for that input. There is an independent setting for each Magnitude
with change.

Page 14 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

BINARY COUNTER (OBJECT 20) -> Assigned to Class 0.

FROZEN COUNTER (OBJECT 21)

32 BIT COUNTER CHANGE EVENT (OBJECT 22) -> Assign to Class

Index Description Deadband
0 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_1.
1 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_2.
2 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_3.
3 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_4.
4 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_5.
5 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_6
6 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_7.
7 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_8.
8 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_9.
9 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_10.
10 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_11.
11 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_12.
12 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_13.
13 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_14.
14 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_15.
15 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_16.
16 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_17.
17 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_18.
18 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_19.
19 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_20.

T CounterDeadBands

• CounterDeadband is an area of a counter magnitude range or band, where no generate counter magnitude change
(the communication counter magnitude is dead).Meaning that no generation of Counter Change Events if difference
with value of generation of previous change is not equal or greater that CounterDeadBand setting. There is an
independent setting for each Counter.

• The CounterDeadband can be adjusted to the device by means of MMI (Man-Machine Interface or front-panel user
interface ZIVercomPlus), between 1 and 32767, in steps of 1, default value is 1.

Page 15 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

DNP3 PROTOCOL SETTINGS

DNP3 Protocol Settings

DNP Protocol Configuration
Setting Name Type Minimum Maximum Default Step/ Unit
Value Value Value Select
Relay Number Integer 0 65519 1 1
T Confirm Timeout Integer 1000 65535 1000 1 msec.
Max Retries Integer 0 65535 0 1
Enable Unsolicited. Boolean 0 (No) 1 (Yes) 0 (No) 1
Enable Unsol. after Boolean 0 (No) 1 (Yes) 0 (No) 1
Restart
Unsolic. Master No. Integer 0 65519 1 1
Unsol. Grouping Integer 100 65535 1000 1 msec.
Time
Synchronization Integer 0 120 0 1 min.
Interval
DNP 3.0 Rev. Integer 2003 2003 2003 2003
[Link] [Link] [Link]
Binary Changes Integer None None Class 1 None
CLASS Class 1 Class 1 Class 1
Class 2 Class 2 Class 2
Class 3 Class 3 Class 3
Analog Changes Integer None None Class 2 None
CLASS Class 1 Class 1 Class 1
Class 2 Class 2 Class 2
Class 3 Class 3 Class 3
Counter Changes Integer None None Class 3 None
CLASS Class 1 Class 1 Class 1
Class 2 Class 2 Class 2
Class 3 Class 3 Class 3
Binary Status Boolean 0 (No) 1 (Yes) 1 (Yes) 1
Change
32 Bits Analog Input Boolean 0 (No) 1 (Yes) 1 (Yes) 1
Analog Inputs (Deadbands)
Setting Name Type Minimum Maximum Default Step Unit
Value Value Value
Deadband AI#0 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0.0001 %
Deadband AI#1 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#2 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#3 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#4 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#5 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#6 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#7 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#8 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#9 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#10 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#11 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#12 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#13 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#14 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#15 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %

Page 16 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Counter Inputs (CounterDeadbands)

Setting Name Type Minimum Maximum Default Step Unit
Value Value Value
Deadband Cont.I#0 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#1 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#2 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#3 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#4 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#5 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#6 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#7 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#8 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#9 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#10 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#11 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#12 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#13 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#14 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#15 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#16 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#17 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#18 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#19 Integer 1 32767 1 1
DNP Port 1 Configuration
Setting Name Type Minimum Maximum Default Step/ Unit
Value Value Value Select
Protocol Select Uinteger Procome Procome Procome Procome
Dnp3 Dnp3 Dnp3
Modbus Modbus Modbus
Baud rate Integer 300 38400 38400 300 baud
600
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
Stop Bits Integer 1 2 1 1
Parity Integer None None None None
Odd Odd Odd
Even Even Even
Rx Time btw. Char Float 1 60000 0.5 40 msec.
Comms Fail Ind. Float 0 600 0.1 60 s
Time

Page 17 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Advanced Settings
Flow control
CTS Flow Bool No No No No
Yes Yes Yes
DSR Flow Bool No No No No
Yes Yes Yes
DSR Sensitive Bool No No No No
Yes Yes Yes
DTR Control Integer Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive
Active Active Active
Rec. Req. Rec. Req. Rec. Req.
RTS Control Integer Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive
Active Active Active
Rec. Req. Rec. Req. Rec. Req.
Sen. Req. Sen. Req. Sen. Req.
Times
Tx Time Factor Float 0 100 1 0.5

Tx Timeout Const Uinteger 0 60000 0 1

Message modification
Number of Zeros Integer 0 255 0 1
collision
Collision Type Integer NO NO NO NO
ECHO ECHO ECHO
DCD DCD DCD
Max Retries Integer 0 3 0 1
Min Retry Time Uinteger 0 60000 0 1 msec.
Max Retry Time Uinteger 0 60000 0 1 msec.
DNP Port 2 and 3 Configuration
Setting Name Type Minimum Maximum Default Step/ Unit
Value Value Value Select
Protocol Select Uinteger Procome Procome Procome Procome
Dnp3 Dnp3 Dnp3
Modbus Modbus Modbus
Baud rate Integer 300 38400 38400 300 baud
600
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
Stop Bits Integer 1 2 1 1
Parity Integer None None None None
Odd Odd Odd
Even Even Even
Rx Time btw. Char Float 1 60000 0.5 40 msec.
Comms Fail Ind. Float 0 600 0.1 60 s
Time

Page 18 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Advanced Settings
Operating Mode Integer RS-232 RS-232 RS-232 RS-232
RS-485 RS-485 RS-485
Times
Tx Time Factor Float 0 100 1 0.5

Tx Timeout Const Uinteger 0 60000 0 1

Wait N Bytes 485 Integer 0 4 0 1
Message modification
Number of Zeros Integer 0 255 0 1
collision
Collision Type Integer NO NO NO NO
ECHO ECHO ECHO

Max Retries Integer 0 3 0 1

Min Retry Time Uinteger 0 60000 0 1 msec.
Max Retry Time Uinteger 0 60000 0 1 msec.

All settings remain unchanged after a power loss. F4

Page 19 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

DNP Protocol Configuration

Relay Number (RTU Address ):

Remote Terminal Unit Address. Addresses 0xFFF0 to 0xFFFF are reserved as Broadcast
Addresses.
T Confirm Timeout (N7 Confirm Timeout) :
Timeout while waiting for Application Layer Confirmation. It applies to Unsolicited
messages and Class 1 and Class 2 responses with event data.
Max Retries (N7 Retries) :
Number of retries of the Application Layer after timeout while waiting for Confirmation.
Enable Unsolicited (Enable Unsolicited Reporting) :
Enables or disables Unsolicited reporting.
Enable Unsol. after Restart :
Enables or disables Unsolicited after Restart (for compatibility with terminals whose
revision is before DNP3-1998). It has effect only if Enable Unsolicited after
Restart is set.
Unsolic. Master No. (MTU Address) :
Destination address of the Master device to which the unsolicited responses are to be sent.
Addresses 0xFFF0 to 0xFFFF are reserved as Broadcast Addresses. It is useful only when
Unsolicited Reporting is enabled.
Unsol. Grouping Time (Unsolicited Delay Reporting) :
Delay between an event being generated and the subsequent transmission of the
unsolicited message, in order to group several events in one message and to save
bandwidth.
Synchronization Interval
Max interval time between two synchronization. If no synchronizing inside interval,
indication IIN1-4 (NEED TIME). This setting has no effect if Synchronization
Interval is zero.
DNP 3.0 Rev.
Certification revision STANDARD ZIV or 2003 (DNP3-2003 Intelligent Electronic Device
(IED) Certification Procedure Subset Level 2 Version 2.3 29-Sept-03)
Binary Changes CLASS.
Selection to send Binary Changes as CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 or None.
Analog Changes CLASS.
Selection to send Analog Changes as CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 or None.
Counter Changes CLASS.
Selection to send Counter Changes as CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 or None.
Binary Status .
Send Binary with status otherwise without status
32 Bits Analog Input .
Send Analog All Variations and Analog Change Event Binary Changes with 32 bits
otherwise with 16 bits

Page 20 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

DNP Port 1 Port 2 and Port 3 Configuration

Number of Zeros (Advice Time) :

Number of zeros before the message.
Max Retries (N1 Retries) :
Number of retries of the Physical Layer after collision detection.
Min Retry Time (Fixed_delay) :
Minimum time to retry of the Physical Layer after collision detection.
Max Retry Time :
Maximum time to retry of the Physical Layer after collision detection.
Collision Type :
Port 1:
NO
ECHO based on detection of transmitted data (monitoring all data transmitted on the
link).

Port 2:
NO
ECHO based on detection of transmitted data (monitoring all data transmitted on the
link.
DCD (Data Carrier Detect ) based on detecting out-of-band carrier.

If the device prepares to transmit and finds the link busy, it waits until is no longer busy,
and then waits a backoff_time as follows:
backoff_time = Min Retry Time + random(Max Retry Time - Max Retry Time )
and transmit. If the device has a collision in transmission the device tries again ,up to a
configurable number of retries (Max Retries) if has news collision.

Wait N Bytes 485:

Number of wait bytes between Reception and transmission Use Port 2 Operate Mode RS-
485 .

Page 21 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

DNP V3.00 Profile for Ethernet

DEVICE PROFILE DOCUMENT
This document must be accompanied by: Implementation Table and Point List.

Vendor Name: ZIV Aplicaciones y Tecnología S.A.

Device Name: IRX

Highest DNP Level Supported: Device Function:

For Requests 2 Master 7 Slave

For Responses 2
Notable objects, functions, and/or qualifiers supported in addition to the Highest DNP Levels
Supported (the complete list is described in the attached table):
1) Supports Enable/Disable Unsolicited Responses (FC=20 and 21), for classes 1 and
2.
2) Supports Write operations (FC=2) on Time and Date objects.
3) Supports Delay measurement Fine (FC=23).
4) Supports Warm Start command (FC=14).
5) Supports Unsolicited after Restart (for compatibility with terminals whose revision is
before DNP3-1998)
6) Supports selection of DNP3 Revision.
7) Supports indication of no synchronization in time.
8) Supports simultaneous communications with two different Master devices
9) Supports assign event Class for Binary, Analog and Counter events:
Class 1 , Class 2, Class 3, None
10) Supports respond to Multiple Read Request with multiple object types in the
same Application Fragment .
Maximum Data Link Frame Size (octets): Maximum Application Fragment Size (octets):

Transmitted _____292______ Transmitted _2048 (if >2048, must be

Received _____292______ configurable)
Received___249__(must be <= 249)
Maximum Data Link Re-tries: Maximum Application Layer Re-tries:

7 None None
Fixed at ____________________ 7 Configurable, range __0__ to __3__
Configurable, range ___ to _____ (Fixed is not permitted)
Requires Data Link Layer Confirmation:

7 Never
Always
Sometimes. If ‘Sometimes’, when?
____________________________________________
Configurable. If ‘Configurable’, how?
__________________________________________
Page 22 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Requires Application Layer Confirmation:

Never
Always (not recommended)
7 When reporting Event Data (Slave devices only) For unsolicited, Class 1 Class 2
and Class 2 responses that contain Event Data. (If there is no Event Data reported into a
Class 1 2 or 3 response, Application Layer Confirmation is not requested)
When sending multi-fragment responses (Slave devices only)
Sometimes. If ‘Sometimes’, when?
Configurable. If ‘Configurable’, how?

Timeouts while waiting for:

Data Link Confirm 7 None Fixed at ____ Variable

Configurable
Complete Appl. Fragment 7 None Fixed at ____ Variable
Configurable
Application Confirm None Fixed at ____ Variable 7
Configurable
Complete Appl. Response 7 None Fixed at ____ Variable
Configurable

Others
_______________________________________________________________________

Attach explanation if ‘Variable’ or ‘Configurable’ was checked for any timeout

Application Confirm timeout setting (MMI): Range 50 ms. 65.535 ms.

Page 23 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Sends/Executes Control Operations:

• Maximum number of CROB (obj. 12, var. 1) objects supported in a single message
1
• Maximum number of Analog Output (obj. 41, any var.) supported in a single message
0
Pattern Control Block and Pattern Mask (obj. 12, var. 2 and 3 respectively)
supported.
CROB (obj. 12) and Analog Output (obj. 41) permitted together in a single message.

WRITE Binary Outputs 7 Never Always

Sometimes
Configurable
SELECT (3) / OPERATE (4) Never 7 Always Sometimes
Configurable
DIRECT OPERATE (5) Never 7 Always Sometimes
Configurable
DIRECT OPERATE - NO ACK (6) Never 7Always Sometimes
Configurable

Count > 1 Never Always 7 Sometimes Configurable

Pulse On Never 7Always Sometimes Configurable
Pulse Off Never 7 Always Sometimes Configurable
Latch On Never 7Always Sometimes Configurable
Latch Off Never 7Always Sometimes Configurable

Queue 7 Never Always Sometimes Configurable

Clear Queue 7 Never Always Sometimes Configurable
_______________________________________________________________________

Attach explanation:

• All points support the same Function Codes: (3) Select, (4) Operate, (5)
Direct Operate and (6) Direct Operate - No ACK.
• Maximum Select/Operate Delay Time: 60 seconds.
• Count can be >1 only for PULSE ON and PULSE OFF

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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

FILL OUT THE FOLLOWING ITEMS FOR SLAVE DEVICES ONLY:

Reports Binary Input Change Events when Reports time-tagged Binary Input Change
no specific variation requested: Events when no specific variation requested:

Never Never
7 Only time-tagged 7 Binary Input Change With Time
Only non-time-tagged Binary Input Change With Relative
Configurable to send both, one or Time
the Configurable (attach explanation)
other (attach explanation)

Sends Unsolicited Responses: Sends Static Data in Unsolicited Responses:

Never 7 Never
7 Configurable (See Note D) When Device Restarts
7 Only certain objects (Class 1 2 When Status Flags Change
and 3)
Sometimes (attach explanation) No other options are permitted.

7 ENABLE/DISABLE UNSOLICITED
Function codes supported
Default Counter Object/Variation: Counters Roll Over at:

No Counters Reported No Counters Reported

Configurable (attach explanation) Configurable (attach explanation)
7 Default Object _20,21____ 16 Bits
Default Variation ______1_____ 32 Bits
Point-by-point list attached 7 Other Value ____31 Bits____
Point-by-point list attached

Sends Multi-Fragment Responses: 7 Yes No

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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

QUICK REFERENCE FOR DNP3.0 LEVEL 2 FUNCTION CODES & QUALIFIERS

Function Codes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Index Size Qualifier Code
1 Read
2 Write
3 Select Index Size Qualifier Code
4 Operate
5 Direct Operate 0- No Index, Packed 0- 8-Bit Start and Stop Indices
9 Direct Operate-No ACK 1- 1 byte Index 1- 16-Bit Start and Stop Indices
10 Immediate Freeze 2- 2 byte Index 2- 32-Bit Start and Stop Indices
11 Immediate Freeze no ACK 3- 4 byte Index 3- 8-Bit Absolute address Ident.
13 Cold Start 4- 1 byte Object Size 4- 16-Bit Absolute address Ident.
14 Warm Start 5- 2 byte Object Size 5- 32-Bit Absolute address Ident.
20 Enable Unsol. Messages 6- 4 byte Object Size 6- No Range Field (all)
21 Disable Unsol. Messages 7- 8-Bit Quantity
23 Delay Measurement 8- 16-Bit Quantity
24 Record Current Time 9- 32-Bit Quantity
129 Response 11-(0xB) Variable array
130 Unsolicited Message

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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

IMPLEMENTATION TABLE

REQUEST RESPONSE
OBJECT
(IRX parse) (IRX respond)
Func Qual Func Qual
Obj Var Description Codes Codes Codes Codes Notes
(dec) (hex) (dec) (hex)
Assigned to
1 0 Binary Input – All variations 1 0,1,6,7,8 Class 0.

1 1 Binary Input 1 0,1,6,7,8 129 0,1

2 0 Binary Input with Status 1 0,1,6,7,8 129 0,1

2 0 Binary Input Change – All variations 1 6,7,8

Assign to
2 2 Binary Input Change with Time 1 6,7,8 129,130 17,,28 Event
Class .
Echo of
12 1 Control Relay Output Block 3,4,5,6 17,28 129 17,28 request
Assigned to
20 0 Binary Counter – All variations 1 0,1,6,7,8 Class 0.

20 1 32 Bits Binary Counter 129 0,1

21 0 Frozen Counter – All variations 1 0,1,6,7,8

21 1 32 Bits Frozen Counter 129 0,1

22 0 Counter Change Event – All variations 1 6,7,8

Assign to
22 5 32 Bits Counter Change Event With Time 129,130 17,,28 Event
Class
Assigned to
30 0 Analog Input – All variations 1 0,1,6,7,8 Class 0.

30 1 32-Bit Analog Input 1 0,1,6,7,8 129 1

30 2 16-Bit Analog Input 1 0,1,6,7,8 129 1

32 0 Analog Change Event – All variations 1 6,7,8

Assign to
32 3 32-Bit Analog Change Event with Time 1 6,7,8 129,130 28 Event
Class
Assign to
32 4 16-Bit Analog Change Event with Time 1 6,7,8 129,130 28 Event
Class
7
50 1 Time and Date 2 129 C
count=1
7
50 3 Time and Date at Last Recorded Time 2 129 C
count=1
52 2 Time Delay Fine 23 129 1 F,G

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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

REQUEST RESPONSE
OBJECT
(IRX parse) (IRX respond)
Func Qual Func Qual
Obj Var Description Codes Codes Codes Codes Notes
(dec) (hex) (dec) (hex)
60 1 Class 0 Data 1 6 129 1
1 6,7,8
60 2 Class 1 Data 129,130 28 D
20,21 6
1 6,7,8
60 3 Class 2 Data 129,130 28 D
20,21 6
1 6,7,8
60 4 Class 3 Data 129,130 28 D
20,21 6
0
80 1 Internal Indications 2 E
index=7
-- -- No Object (Cold Start) 13 F

-- -- No Object (Warm Start) 14 F

-- -- No Object (Delay Measurement) 23 G

NOTES
C: Device supports write operations on Time and Date objects. Time Synchronization-Required Internal Indication bit (IIN1-
4) will be cleared on the response.

D: The device can be configured to send or not, unsolicited responses depending on a configuration option by means of
MMI (Man-Machine Interface or front-panel user interface ZIVercomPlus). Then, the Master can Enable or Disable
Unsolicited messages (for Classes 1, 2 and 3) by means of requests (FC 20 and 21).
If the unsolicited response mode is configured “on”, then upon device restart, the device will transmit an initial Null
unsolicited response, requesting an application layer confirmation. While waiting for that application layer confirmation,
the device will respond to all function requests, including READ requests.

E: Restart Internal Indication bit (IIN1-7) can be cleared explicitly by the master.

F: The outstation, upon receiving a Cold or Warm Start request, will respond sending a Time Delay Fine object message
(which specifies a time interval until the outstation will be ready for further communications), restarting the DNP process,
clearing events stored in its local buffers and setting IIN1-7 bit (Device Restart).

G: Device supports Delay Measurement requests (FC = 23). It responds with the Time Delay Fine object (52-2). This object
states the number of milliseconds elapsed between Outstation receiving the first bit of the first byte of the request and the
time of transmission of the first bit of the first byte of the response.

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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

DEVICE SPECIFIC FEATURES

• Internal Indication IIN1-6 (Device trouble): Set to indicate a change in the current DNP
configuration in the outstation. Cleared in the next response. Used to let the master station
know that DNP settings have changed at the outstation. Note that some erroneous
configurations could make impossible to communicate this condition to a master station.

This document also states the DNP3.0 settings currently available in the device. If the user
changes whatever of these settings, it will set the Device Trouble Internal Indication bit on
the next response sent.
• Event buffers: device can hold as much as 128 Binary Input Changes, 64 Analog Input Changes
and 64 Counter Input Change. If these limits are reached the device will set the Event Buffers
Overflow Internal Indication bit on the next response sent. It will be cleared when the master
reads the changes, making room for new ones.
• Configuration Ä Operation Enable menu: the device can enable or disable permissions for the
operations over al Control Relay Output Block. In case permissions are configured off
(disabled) the response to a command (issued as Control Relay Output Block) will have the
Status code NOT_AUTHORIZED. In case the equipment is blocked the commands allowed
are the configured when permitted. While blocked, the relay will accept commands over the
configured signal. If the equipment is in operation inhibited state, the response to all
commands over the configured signal will have the Status code NOT_AUTHORIZED.
• Customers can configure Inputs/Outputs to suit their needs, by means of ZIVercomPlus®
software.

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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

POINT LIST
BINARY INPUT (OBJECT 1) -> Assigned to Class 0.
BINARY INPUT CHANGE (OBJECT 2) -> Assign to Class.
Index Description
0 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points

1 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points

2 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
3 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
4 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
5 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
6 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
7 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
8 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
9 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
10 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
11 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
12 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
13 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
14 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
15 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
16 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
17 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
... Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
253 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
254 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points
255 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 2048 points

CONTROL RELAY OUTPUT BLOCK (OBJECT 12)

Index Description
0 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points

1 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points

2 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
3 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
4 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
5 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
6 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
7 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
8 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
9 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
10 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
11 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
12 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
13 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points

Page 30 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

CONTROL RELAY OUTPUT BLOCK (OBJECT 12)

Index Description
14 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
15 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
16 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
17 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
... Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
253 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
254 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
255 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points

ANALOG INPUT (OBJECT 30) -> Assigned to Class 0.

ANALOG INPUT CHANGE (OBJECT 32) -> Assign to Class
Index Description Deadband
0 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_1.
1 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_2.
2 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_3.
3 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_4.
4 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_5.
5 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_6.
6 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_7.
7 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_8.
8 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_9.
9 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_10.
10 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_11.
11 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_12.
12 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_13.
13 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_14.
14 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_15.
15 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TDeadband_16.

Page 31 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Additional assign with ZIVercomPlus®:

Index Description
16 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
17 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
18 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
19 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
20 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
21 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
22 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
23 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
24 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
25 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
26 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
27 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
.... Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
62 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points
63 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points

The full scale ranges are adjustable and user’s magnitudes can be created. It’s possible to choose between primary
and secondary values, considering CT and PT ratios. Typical ranges in secondary values are:

Description Full Scale Range

Engineering units Counts
Currents (Phases, sequences, harmonics) 0 to 1,2 x InPHASE A 0 to 32767 TDeadband
Currents (Ground, polarizing) 0 to 1,2 x InGROUND A 0 to 32767 TDeadband
Currents (Ground sensitive, isolated neutral) 0 to 1,2 A 0 to 32767 TDeadband
Voltages (Phase to ground, sequences,
0 to 1,2 x Vn/√3 V 0 to 32767 TDeadband
harmonics)
Voltages(Phase to phase, synchronizing) 0 to 1,2 x Vn V 0 to 32767 TDeadband
Power (Real, reactive, apparent) 0 to 3 x 1,4 x InPHASE x Vn/√3 W -32768 to 32767 TDeadband
Power factor -1 to 1 -32768 to 32767 TDeadband
0 to 1,2 x Rated frequency
Frequency 0 to 32767 TDeadband
(50/60 Hz)
Thermal value 0 to 200% 0 to 32767 TDeadband
Distance to Fault
- Percentage of line length: 100% sends 32767 counts (range from -100% to
100%)
- Distance in kilometers: with the “line length” sends 32767 counts (range from -32768 to 32767 TDeadband
- “line length” to the “line length” set in km)
- Distance in miles: with the “line length” sends 32767 counts (range from -
“line length” to the “line length” set in miles)

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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

T Communication Measure in Counts

With ZIVercomPlus program is possible to define the Full Scale Range that is desired to transmit each magnitude in
counts. Parameters necessary to configure the Mathematical expression are:

- Offset: A number indicating the compensation of de Magnitude.

- Limit: it’s the Maximum value of magnitude range.
- Max Communication: it’s a constant that depend of the Number Bits of Analog Input.
Max Communication=2**(Number Bits Analog Input - 1)
For 16-Bit Analog Input (Obj. 30 Var. 2) 2**( 15) = 32.767 counts
For 32-Bit Analog Input (Obj. 30 Var. 1) 2**( 31) = [Link] counts
- Rated value: Nominal Value of the magnitude.
- Nominal Flag: This flag defines if the limit is proportional to the rated value of the magnitude.
- TR: Secondary to Primary Transformation Ratio.

Mathematical expression to describe the Full Scale Range is:

- When Nominal Flag is actived,

Measure − Offset MaxComunication

MeasureCom = TR × ×
RatedValue Limit

- When Nominal Flag is NOT actived,

MaxComunication
MeasureCom = TR × ( Measure − Offset ) ×
Limit

T Communication Measure in Engineering Units

With ZIVercomPlus program also it’s possible to transmit each magnitude in Engineering Units. Parameters
necessary to configure the Mathematical expression are:

- Offset: A number indicating the compensation of de magnitude.

- Limit: it’s the Maximum value of magnitude range.
- Rated value: Nominal Value of the magnitude.
- Nominal Flag: this flag defines if the limit is proportional to the rated value of the magnitude or not. The
rated value of the new magnitudes defined by the user is a setting, while for the pre-defined magnitudes is a
fix value.
- TR: Secondary to Primary Transformation Ratio.
- Scaling Factor: Multiply Factor of magnitude.

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Mathematical expression to obtain Measure in Engineering Units is:

- When Nominal Flag is actived,

Measure − Offset
MeasureCom = TR × × ScalingFactor
RatedValue

- When Nominal Flag is NOT actived,

MeasureCom = TR × ( Measure − Offset ) × ScalingFactor

T DeadBands
• Deadband is an area of a magnitude range or band where no generate magnitude change (the magnitude is dead).
Meaning that no generation of Analogical Change Events if difference with value of generation of previous change is
not equal or greater that DeadBand calculated. There is an independent setting for each 16 Measures with change.
• A Deadband is calculated as a percentage defined in DeadBand Setting over value of parameter Limit.
• The Deadband can be adjusted to the device by means of MMI (Man-Machine Interface or front-panel user interface
ZIVercomPlus), between 0.0000% and 100.00%, in steps of 0.0001%. Default value is 100.00%, meaning that
generation of Analog Change Events is DISABLED for that input. There is an independent setting for each Magnitude
with change.

BINARY COUNTER (OBJECT 20) -> Assigned to Class 0.

FROZEN COUNTER (OBJECT 21)

32 BIT COUNTER CHANGE EVENT (OBJECT 22) -> Assign to Class

Index Description Deadband
0 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_1.
1 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_2.
2 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_3.
3 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_4.
4 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_5.
5 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_6
6 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_7.
7 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_8.
8 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_9.
9 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_10.
10 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_11.
11 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_12.
12 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_13.
13 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_14.
14 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_15.
15 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_16.
16 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_17.
17 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_18.
18 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_19.
19 Configure by ZIVercomPlus® 256 points TCounterDeadBand_20.

Page 34 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

T CounterDeadBands

• CounterDeadband is an area of a counter magnitude range or band, where no generate counter magnitude change
(the communication counter magnitude is dead).Meaning that no generation of Counter Change Events if difference
with value of generation of previous change is not equal or greater that CounterDeadBand setting. There is an
independent setting for each Counter.

• The CounterDeadband can be adjusted to the device by means of MMI (Man-Machine Interface or front-panel user
interface ZIVercomPlus), between 1 and 32767, in steps of 1, default value is 1.

Page 35 of 40
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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

DNP3 PROTOCOL SETTINGS

DNP3 Protocol Settings

DNP Protocol Configuration
Setting Name Type Minimum Maximum Default Step/ Unit
Value Value Value Select
Relay Number Integer 0 65519 1 1
T Confirm Timeout Integer 1000 65535 1000 1 msec.
Max Retries Integer 0 65535 0 1
Enable Unsolicited. Boolean 0 (No) 1 (Yes) 0 (No) 1
Enable Unsol. after Boolean 0 (No) 1 (Yes) 0 (No) 1
Restart
Unsolic. Master No. Integer 0 65519 1 1
Unsol. Grouping Integer 100 65535 1000 1 msec.
Time
Synchronization Integer 0 120 0 1 min.
Interval
DNP 3.0 Rev. Integer 2003 2003 2003 2003
[Link] [Link] [Link]
Binary Changes Integer None None Class 1 None
CLASS Class 1 Class 1 Class 1
Class 2 Class 2 Class 2
Class 3 Class 3 Class 3
Analog Changes Integer None None Class 2 None
CLASS Class 1 Class 1 Class 1
Class 2 Class 2 Class 2
Class 3 Class 3 Class 3
Counter Changes Integer None None Class 3 None
CLASS Class 1 Class 1 Class 1
Class 2 Class 2 Class 2
Class 3 Class 3 Class 3
Binary Status Boolean 0 (No) 1 (Yes) 1 (Yes) 1
Change
32 Bits Analog Input Boolean 0 (No) 1 (Yes) 1 (Yes) 1
Analog Inputs (Deadbands)
Setting Name Type Minimum Maximum Default Step Unit
Value Value Value
Deadband AI#0 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0.0001 %
Deadband AI#1 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#2 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#3 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#4 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#5 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#6 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#7 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#8 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#9 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#10 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#11 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#12 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#13 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#14 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %
Deadband AI#15 Float 0% 100 % 100 % 0. 0001 %

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Counter Inputs (CounterDeadbands)

Setting Name Type Minimum Maximum Default Step Unit
Value Value Value
Deadband Cont.I#0 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#1 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#2 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#3 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#4 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#5 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#6 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#7 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#8 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#9 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#10 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#11 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#12 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#13 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#14 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#15 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#16 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#17 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#18 Integer 1 32767 1 1
Deadband Cont.I#19 Integer 1 32767 1 1
DNP Port 1 Port 2 and 3 DNP 3 Profile II Ethernet Configuration
Setting Name Type Minimum Maximum Default Step Unit
Value Value Value
Protocol Select Uinteger Procome Procome Procome Procome
Dnp3 Dnp3 Dnp3
Modbus Modbus Modbus
Enable Ethernet Boolean 0 (No) 1 (Yes) 1 (Yes) 1
Port
IP Address Port 1 Byte[4] [Link].d [Link].d [Link] 1
[Link] [Link] 1
IP Address Port 2 Byte[4] [Link].d [Link].d [Link] 1
[Link] [Link] 1
IP Address Port 3 Byte[4] [Link].d [Link].d [Link] 1
[Link] [Link] 1
Subnet Mask Byte[4] [Link] 255.255.2 255.255.255 1
55.254 .0
Port Number Uinteger 0 65535 20000 1
Keepalive Time Float 0 65 30 60 s.
Rx Time Characters Float 1 60000 1 0.5 ms.
Comms Fail Timer Float 0 600 60 0.1 s.

All settings remain unchanged after a power loss.

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 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

DNP Protocol Configuration

Relay Number (RTU Address ):

Remote Terminal Unit Address. Addresses 0xFFF0 to 0xFFFF are reserved as Broadcast
Addresses.
T Confirm Timeout (N7 Confirm Timeout) :
Timeout while waiting for Application Layer Confirmation. It applies to Unsolicited
messages and Class 1 and Class 2 responses with event data.
Max Retries (N7 Retries) :
Number of retries of the Application Layer after timeout while waiting for Confirmation.
Enable Unsolicited (Enable Unsolicited Reporting) :
Enables or disables Unsolicited reporting.
Enable Unsol. after Restart :
Enables or disables Unsolicited after Restart (for compatibility with terminals whose
revision is before DNP3-1998). It has effect only if Enable Unsolicited after
Restart is set.
Unsolic. Master No. (MTU Address) :
Destination address of the Master device to which the unsolicited responses are to be sent.
Addresses 0xFFF0 to 0xFFFF are reserved as Broadcast Addresses. It is useful only when
Unsolicited Reporting is enabled.
Unsol. Grouping Time (Unsolicited Delay Reporting) :
Delay between an event being generated and the subsequent transmission of the
unsolicited message, in order to group several events in one message and to save
bandwidth.
Synchronization Interval
Max interval time between two synchronization. If no synchronizing inside interval,
indication IIN1-4 (NEED TIME). This setting has no effect if Synchronization
Interval is zero.
DNP 3.0 Rev.
Certification revision STANDARD ZIV or 2003 (DNP3-2003 Intelligent Electronic Device
(IED) Certification Procedure Subset Level 2 Version 2.3 29-Sept-03)
Binary Changes CLASS.
Selection to send Binary Changes as CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 or None.
Analog Changes CLASS.
Selection to send Analog Changes as CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 or None.
Counter Changes CLASS.
Selection to send Counter Changes as CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 or None.
Binary Status .
Send Binary with status otherwise without status
32 Bits Analog Input .
Send Analog All Variations and Analog Change Event Binary Changes with 32 bits
otherwise with 16 bits

Page 38 of 40
Atención © ZIV Aplicaciones y Tecnología, S.A. Zamudio 2004
Este documento contiene información confidencial propiedad de ZIV S.A. Cualquier forma de reproducción o
divulgación está absolutamente prohibida y puede ser causa de severas medidas legales.
 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

DNP PROFILE II ETHERNET Port 1 Port 2 and Port 3 Configuration

Enable Ethernet Port :

Enables or disables Ethernet Port.

IP Address :
Identification Number of Ethernet device.

Subnet Mask :
Indicate the part of IP Address is the Net Address and the part of IP Address is the Device
Number.

Port Number :
Indicate to Destinatión Device the path to send the recived data.

Keepalive Time :
Number of second between Keepalive paquets, if zero no send packages Keepalive. These
packages allow to Server know if a Client is present in the Net.

Rx Time Between Characters :

Maximum time between Characters.

Comm Fail Timer :

Maximum time between Messages without indicate Communication Fail.

Page 39 of 40
Atención © ZIV Aplicaciones y Tecnología, S.A. Zamudio 2004
Este documento contiene información confidencial propiedad de ZIV S.A. Cualquier forma de reproducción o
divulgación está absolutamente prohibida y puede ser causa de severas medidas legales.
 DNP 3.0 : Device Profiles Document

Page 40 of 40
Atención © ZIV Aplicaciones y Tecnología, S.A. Zamudio 2004
Este documento contiene información confidencial propiedad de ZIV S.A. Cualquier forma de reproducción o
divulgación está absolutamente prohibida y puede ser causa de severas medidas legales.
 C. MODBUS RTU
Documentation
Address Map

C.1 Preliminary Information .............................................................................................. C-2

C.2 Function 01: Read Coil Status ................................................................................... C-2
C.2.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX.................................................................................... C-2
C.3 Function 02: Read Input Status ................................................................................. C-2
C.3.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX.................................................................................... C-2
C.4 Function 03: Read Holding Registers ........................................................................ C-3
C.4.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX.................................................................................... C-3
C.5 Function 04: Read Input Registers ............................................................................ C-4
C.5.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX.................................................................................... C-4
C.6 Function 05: Force Single Coil................................................................................... C-5
C.6.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX.................................................................................... C-5
 Annex C. MODBUS RTU Documentation Address Map

C.1 Preliminary Information

This a reference document for implementing the MODBUS RTU protocol in the IRX IED.

This document provides a detailed MODBUS address map (input status, coil status, input
registers and force single coil) and their equivalent in the IRX relay.

The functions that will be implemented are:

ModBus Function Meaning

01 Read Coil Status
02 Read Input Status
04 Read Input Registers
05 Force Single Coil

Any other function not among those indicated will be considered illegal and will return exception
code 01 (Illegal function).

C.2 Function 01: Read Coil Status

C.2.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX
The MODBUS coil status address map for the IRX relay will be:

Address Description
Configurable through the Any input or output logic signal from the protection modules or
ZivercomPlus® generated by the programmable logic.

The content of the addresses is variable (reflection of each relay's configuration). The range of
addresses is from 0 to 1023 and they are assigned automatically by the ZivercomPlus®
program.

Non-configured addresses will be considered illegal and will return exception code 02 (Illegal
Data Address).

C.3 Function 02: Read Input Status

C.3.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX
The MODBUS input status address map for the IRX relay will be:

Address Description
Configurable through the Any input or output logic signal from the protection modules or
ZivercomPlus® generated by the programmable logic.

The content of the addresses is variable (reflection of each relay's configuration). The range of
addresses is from 0 to 1023 and they are assigned automatically by the ZivercomPlus®
program.

Non-configured addresses will be considered illegal and will return exception code 02 (Illegal
Data Address).

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 Annex C. MODBUS RTU Documentation Address Map

C.4 Function 03: Read Holding Registers

C.4.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX
The MODBUS read holding registers address map for the IRX relay will be:

Address Description
Any input or output logic signal from the protection modules or
Configurable through the
generated by the programmable logic whose number of changes is
ZivercomPlus®
to be measured.

Configurable through the ZivercomPlus®: Counters can be created with any signal configured
in the programmable logic or from the protection modules. The default counters are those of the
real energies (positive and negative) and the reactive energies (capacitive and inductive).

The metering range of energies in primary values is from 100wh/varh to 6553.5 kWh/kVArh.
This is the magnitude transmitted via communications. That is, one (1) count represents 100
wh/varh.

To obtain an energy counter with a higher maximum value, a “user magnitude” must be created
using this counter. For example, dividing the value of the counter by 1000 and making the
output of the divider the new magnitude yields an energy counter with a range from 100
kWh/kVArh to 6553.5 MWh/Mvarh; that is, one (1) count represents 100 kWh/varh.

The content of the addresses is variable (reflection of each relay's configuration). The range of
addresses is from 0 to 255 and they are assigned automatically by the ZivercomPlus®
program.

Non-configured addresses will be considered illegal and will return exception code 02 (Illegal
Data Address).

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 Annex C. MODBUS RTU Documentation Address Map

C.5 Function 04: Read Input Registers

C.5.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX
The MODBUS read input registers address map for the IRX relay will be:

Address Description
Any magnitude measured or calculated by the protection or
Configurable through the generated by the programmable logic. It is possible to select
ZivercomPlus® between primary and secondary values, taking into account the
corresponding transformation ratios.

All the full scale values of the magnitudes are definable, and these magnitudes can be used to
create user values. Some typical values are:

• Phase and sequence currents and harmonics: Rated value IPHASE + 20% sends 32767
counts.
• Ground and synchronization currents: Rated value IGROUND + 20% sends 32767 counts.
• Sensitive ground and directional ungrounded neutral currents: 1.2 A sends 32767 counts.
• Line-to-neutral and sequence voltages and harmonics: (Rated value V / √3) + 20% sends
32767 counts.
• Phase-to-phase and polarization voltages: Rated value V + 20% sends 32767 counts.
• Powers: 3 x 1.4 x Rated value IPHASE x Rated value / √3 sends 32767 counts.
• Power factor: from -1 to 1 sends from -32767 to 32767 counts.
• Frequency: from 0 Hz to 1.2 x FrequencyRATED (50Hz / 60Hz) sends 32767 counts.
• Thermal value: 240% sends 32767 counts.
• Distance to the fault:
- Percentage value: ±100% sends ±32767 counts (range from -100% to 100%).
- Value in kilometers: with the “length of the line,” it sends ±32767 counts (range from
0 km to the length of the line set in km. It can also send negative values).
- Value in miles: with the “length of the line,” it sends ±32767 counts (range from 0 km
to the length of the line set in miles. It can also send negative values).

With the ZivercomPlus® program, it is possible to define the full-scale value to be used to
transmit this magnitude in counts, the unit that all the protocols use. There are three definable
parameters that determine the range of distance covered:

• Offset value: the minimum value of the magnitude for which 0 counts are sent.
• Limit: the length of the range of the magnitude on which it is interpolated to calculate the
number of counts to send. If the offset value is 0, it coincides with the value of the
magnitude for which the defined maximum of counts (32767) is sent.
• Nominal flag: this flag allows determining whether the limit set is proportional to the rated
value of the magnitude or not. The rated value of the new magnitudes defined by the user
in the programmable logic can be configured, while the rest of the existing magnitudes
are fixed.

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 Annex C. MODBUS RTU Documentation Address Map

The expression that allows defining this full-scale value is the following:

• -When the Nominal flag is enabled,

CommunicationsMeasurement = Measurement − Offset × 32767

Nominal Limit

• -When the Nominal flag is NOT enabled,

CommunicationsMeasurement = (Measurement − Offset)× 32767

Limit

The content of the addresses is variable (reflection of each relay's configuration). The range of
addresses is from 0 to 255 and they are assigned automatically by the ZivercomPlus®
program.

Non-configured addresses will be considered illegal and will return exception code 02 (Illegal
Data Address).

C.6 Function 05: Force Single Coil

C.6.1 Modbus Address Map for IRX
The MODBUS force single coil address map of the IRX relay will be:

Address Description
Configurable through the A command can be made on any input from the protection modules
ZivercomPlus® and on any signal configured in the programmable logic.

The content of the addresses is variable (reflection of each relay's configuration). The range of
addresses is from 0 to 255 and they are assigned automatically by the ZivercomPlus®
program.

Non-configured addresses will be considered illegal and will return exception code 02 (Illegal
Data Address).

Any value other than 00H or FFH will be considered illegal and will return exception code
03 (Illegal Data Value).

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Annex C. MODBUS RTU Documentation Address Map

C-6
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D. Schemes and
Drawings

Dimension and Drill Hole Schemes

2IRX (6U x 1/2 19” rack) >>4BF0102/0001

External Connection Schemes

2IRX-A-***100** >>3RX0170/0004 (generic)

2IRX-A-***000** >>3RX0170/0010 (generic)
2IRX-B >>3RX0170/0006 (generic)
2IRX-B-***2***** >>3RX0170/0013 (generic)
2IRX-B-*A****** >>3RX0170/0018 (generic)
 E. List of Illustrations
and Tables

E.1 List of Figures ......................................................................................................... E-2

E.2 List of Tables .......................................................................................................... E-5
 Annex E. List of Illustrations and Tables

E.1 List of Figures

1.3 Local Interface: Alphanumeric Display and Keypad
1.3.1 Alphanumeric Display. ................................................................................. 1.3-2
1.3.2 Keypad . ....................................................................................................... 1.3-2
1.3.3 Control Buttons. ........................................................................................... 1.3-2
1.3.4 Configuration of Control Buttons. ................................................................. 1.3-3

1.5 Installation and Commissioning

1.5.1 Name Plate (2IRX) ....................................................................................... 1.5-3

2.3 Physical Architecture

2.3.1 Front of a 2IRX ............................................................................................. 2.3-2
2.3.2 Rear of a 2IRX-A .......................................................................................... 2.3-3
2.3.3 Rear of a 2IRX-B .......................................................................................... 2.3-3

3.1 Overcurrent Elements

3.1.1 Diagram of a Curve with a Time Limit for a Time Overcurrent Element. ..... 3.1-4
3.1.2 Time Limit of the Element when the Fixed Time is Greater than the
Curve Time (in pickup x 1.5). ....................................................................... 3.1-4
3.1.3 INVERSE Time Curve (IEC). ....................................................................... 3.1-6
3.1.4 VERY INVERSE Time Curve (IEC). ............................................................ 3.1-7
3.1.5 EXTREMELY INVERSE Time Curve (IEC). ................................................ 3.1-8
3.1.6 LONG TIME-INVERSE Curve (IEC). ........................................................... 3.1-9
3.1.7 SHORT TIME-INVERSE Curve (IEC). ......................................................... 3.1-10
3.1.8 MODERATELY INVERSE Time Curve (IEEE). ........................................... 3.1-11
3.1.9 VERY INVERSE Time Curve (IEEE). .......................................................... 3.1-12
3.1.10 EXTREMELY INVERSE Time Curve (IEEE). .............................................. 3.1-13
3.1.11 MODERATELY INVERSE Time Curve (U.S.). ............................................ 3.1-14
3.1.12 INVERSE Time Curve (U.S.). ...................................................................... 3.1-15
3.1.13 VERY INVERSE Time Curve (U.S.). ........................................................... 3.1-16
3.1.14 EXTREMELY INVERSE Time Curve (U.S.). ............................................... 3.1-17
3.1.15 SHORT INVERSE Time Curve (U.S.). ........................................................ 3.1-18
3.1.16 RI INVERSE Time Curve. ............................................................................ 3.1-19
3.1.17 Block Diagram of a Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent Element. ................ 3.1-20
3.1.18 Block Diagram of a Ground and Sensitive Ground Instantaneous
Overcurrent Element. ................................................................................... 3.1-20
3.1.19 Block Diagram of a Phase Time Overcurrent Element. ............................... 3.1-21
3.1.20 Block Diagram of a Ground and Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent
Element. ....................................................................................................... 3.1-21
3.1.21 Voltage Restrained Time Overcurrent Element. .......................................... 3.1-23
3.1.22 Operating Time Test Setup (Overcurrent Elements). .................................. 3.1-40

3.2 Directional Elements

3.2.1 Phase Directional Element Block Diagram. ................................................. 3.2-2
3.2.2 Ground Directional Element Block Diagram. ............................................... 3.2-2
3.2.3 Sensitive Ground Directional Element Block Diagram. ............................... 3.2-3
3.2.4 Negative Sequence Directional Element Block Diagram. ............................ 3.2-3
3.2.5 Vector Diagram of the Directional Phase Element. ..................................... 3.2-4
3.2.6 Graphics for the Application Example. ......................................................... 3.2-5
3.2.7 Vector Diagram of the Ground and Sensitive Ground Directional
Element (Polarization by Voltage). .............................................................. 3.2-7
3.2.8 Vector Diagram of the Ground Directional Element (Polarization by
Voltage). Models 2IRX-B**-****D0** ............................................................ 3.2-8

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 Annex E. List of Illustrations and Tables

3.2.9 Vector Diagram of the Ground Directional Element (Polarization by

Current). ....................................................................................................... 3.2-9
3.2.10 Vector Diagram of the Negative Sequence Directional Element. ................ 3.2-11
3.2.11 Vector Diagram of the Positive Sequence Directional Element .................. 3.2-12
3.2.12 Block Diagram of a Directional Positive Sequence Element ....................... 3.2-13
3.2.13 Diagram of the Characteristic of Ungrounded Directional Element. ............ 3.2-13
3.2.14 Vector Diagram of the Characteristic of the Directional Ungrounded
Element. ....................................................................................................... 3.2-14
3.2.15 Ungrounded Protection Element Logic. ....................................................... 3.2-15
3.2.16 Vector Diagram of the Characteristic of Directional Ungrounded and
Compensated Ground (Petersen Coil) Element. ......................................... 3.2-16

3.3 Protection Schemes for Overcurrent Elements

3.3.1 Permissive Underreach Scheme Block Diagram (2IRX-B**-****D0**). ....... 3.3-3
3.3.2 Direct Transfer Trip Scheme Block Diagram (Overcurrent). ....................... 3.3-4
3.3.3 Permissive Overreach Scheme Block Diagram (Overcurrent). ................... 3.3-6
3.3.4 Directional Comparison Unblocking Scheme Block Diagram (2IRX-
B**-****D0**). ............................................................................................... 3.3-8
3.3.5 Directional Comparison Blocking Scheme Block Diagram
(Overcurrent). .............................................................................................. 3.3-10
3.3.6 Weak Infeed Logic Block Diagram (2IRX-B**-****D0**). ............................. 3.3-12

3.4 Voltage Elements

3.4.1 Block Diagram of Ground Overvoltage Elements 59N1 and 59N2. ............ 3.4-4
3.4.2 Block Diagram of the AND/OR Operation for the Voltage Elements. .......... 3.4-6
3.4.3 Block Diagram of an Overvoltage / Undervoltage Element. ........................ 3.4-6
3.4.4 Operating Time Test Setup.......................................................................... 3.4-14

3.5 Fault Detector

3.5.1 Activation Logic of Phase Overcurrent Elements Used by the Fault
Detector. ...................................................................................................... 3.5-3
3.5.2 Activation Logic of Ground and Negative Sequence Overcurrent
Elements Used by the Fault Detector. ......................................................... 3.5-3
3.5.3 Fault Detector Block Diagram. ..................................................................... 3.5-4

3.6 Frequency Elements

3.6.1 Block Diagram of a Frequency Element. ..................................................... 3.6-3
3.6.2 Logic Diagram of a Rate of Change Element. ............................................. 3.6-5
3.6.3 Example Regarding the Operation of the unit Pickup ................................. 3.6-5
3.6.4 Under/Overfrequency Load Shedding Algorithm Logic Diagram. ............... 3.6-7
3.6.5 Load Shedding System in an Industrial Plant. ............................................. 3.6-8

3.7 Breaker Failure Unit

3.7.1 Block Diagram of the Breaker Failure Function. .......................................... 3.7-2
3.7.2 Block Diagram of the Breaker Failure Function (2IRX-B**-****D0**
Models). ....................................................................................................... 3.7-3

3.8 Open Phase Unit

3.8.1 Block Diagram of the Open Phase Detector................................................ 3.8-2

3.9 Residual Current Element

3.9.1 Block Diagram of Residual Current Detection Element............................... 3.9-2

3.10 Synchronism Unit

3.10.1 Block Diagram of the Synchronism Unit ...................................................... 3.10-3

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 Annex E. List of Illustrations and Tables

3.11 Out of Step Element

3.11.1 Generator Equivalent Circuit ........................................................................ 3.11-2
3.11.2 Circuit Magnitudes ....................................................................................... 3.11-2
3.11.3 Voltage Waveform Representation .............................................................. 3.11-3
3.11.4 Block Diagram of Out of Step Element ........................................................ 3.11-3

3.12 Thermal Image Unit

3.12.1 Time Constant (Thermal Image) .................................................................. 3.12-3
3.12.2 Operating Time Curves of the Thermal Image Unit ..................................... 3.12-5

3.13 Directional Power Elements

3.13.1 Directional Power Element Operation. ......................................................... 3.13-2
3.13.2 Angle Setting 180º and Pickup Setting Negative. ........................................ 3.13-2
3.13.3 Angle Setting 180º and Pickup Setting Positive. ......................................... 3.13-3
3.13.4 Angle Setting 0º and Pickup Setting Positive. ............................................. 3.13-3
3.13.5 Angle Setting 90º and Pickup Setting Positive. ........................................... 3.13-3

3.15 Restricted Earth Faults Element

3.15.1 Restricted Earth Faults Element Operate Characteristic ............................. 3.15-4

3.17 Current Measurement Supervision

3.17.1 Supervision Algorithm for Current Measurement in Phase A. ..................... 3.17-2

3.18 Fuse Failure Detector

3.18.1 Voltage Circuit Failure Detection Element Scheme.. ................................... 3.18-2

3.19 Recloser
3.19.1 Recloser Operation Flow Diagram (I). ......................................................... 3.19-3
3.19.2 Recloser Operation Flow Diagram (II). ........................................................ 3.19-4
3.19.3 Recloser Operation Flow Diagram Applicable from Firmware Version
3.70 onwards................................................................................................ 3.19-5
3.19.4 Synchronism Signal. .................................................................................... 3.19-7
3.19.5 Connection Diagram for the Recloser Test.................................................. 3.19-20

3.23 Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision

3.23.1 Trip/Close Coil Circuit Supervision Block Diagram (I) ................................. 3.23-5

3.29 Metering History Log

3.29.1 Explanatory Diagram of the Metering Log ................................................... 3.29-2
3.29.2 Metering History Log Logic .......................................................................... 3.29-3

3.31 Inputs, Outputs & LED Targets

3.31.1 Element Enable Logic. ................................................................................. 3.31-3
3.31.2 Auxiliary Contact Output Logic Cell Block Diagram. .................................... 3.31-7
3.31.3 Target Output Logic Cell Block Diagram. .................................................... 3.31-13
3.31.4 Digital Inputs Test. ....................................................................................... 3.31-14

3.36 Fault Locator

3.36.1 Scale of the Locator Measurements in the Control Profile.. ........................ 3.36-7

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 Annex E. List of Illustrations and Tables

E.2 List of Tables

3.1 Overcurrent Elements
3.1-1 Voltage Restraint Time Element .................................................................. 3.1-22
3.1-2 Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Modules ................................................... 3.1-30
3.1-3 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Overcurrent Modules.......................... 3.1-33
3.1-4 Overcurrent Elements Pickup and Reset .................................................... 3.1-40

3.2 Directional Elements

3.2-1 Phase Sequence ......................................................................................... 3.2-4
3.2-2 Directional Ground Element (polarization by voltage).
2IRX-B**-****D0** Models............................................................................ 3.2-8
3.2-3 Directional Negative Sequence Element ..................................................... 3.2-12
3.2-4 Directional Characteristic Selection ............................................................. 3.2-15
3.2-5 Digital Inputs of the Directional Modules ..................................................... 3.2-18
3.2-6 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Modules............................ 3.2-19
3.2-7 Phase Directional Control ............................................................................ 3.2-21
3.2-8 Ground Directional Control .......................................................................... 3.2-21
3.2-9 Negative Sequence Directional Control....................................................... 3.2-21
3.2-10 Ungrounded / Compensated Ground Element Test (Pickup) ...................... 3.2-22
3.2-11 Ungrounded / Compensated Ground Element Test (Trip Times)................ 3.2-23
3.2-12 Directional Element Test.............................................................................. 3.2-23

3.3 Protection Schemes for Overcurrent Elements

3.3-1 Digital Inputs of the Overcurrent Protection Schemes Module.................... 3.3-8
3.3-2 Auxiliary Outputs of the Overcurrent Protection Schemes Module ............. 3.3-8

3.4 Voltage Elements

3.4-1 Digital Inputs of the Voltage Modules .......................................................... 3.4-9
3.4-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Voltage Modules ................................ 3.4-10
3.4-3 Pickup and Reset of the Overvoltage Elements .......................................... 3.4-13
3.4-4 Pickup and Reset of the Undervoltage Elements ........................................ 3.4-14

3.5 Fault Detector

3.5-1 Digital Outputs and Events of the Fault Detector ........................................ 3.5-4

3.6 Frequency Elements

3.6-1 Digital Inputs of the Frequency Modules ..................................................... 3.6-11
3.6-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Frequency Modules............................ 3.6-12
3.6-3 Pickup and Reset of the Overfrequency Elements ...................................... 3.6-14
3.6-4 Pickup and Reset of the Underfrequency Elements .................................... 3.6-14
3.6-5 Voltage Reset .............................................................................................. 3.6-14

3.7 Breaker Failure Unit

3.7-1 Digital Inputs of the Breaker Failure Module ............................................... 3.7-5
3.7-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Breaker Failure Module ...................... 3.7-6

3.8 Open Phase Unit

3.8-1 Digital Inputs of the Open Phase Module .................................................... 3.8-3
3.8-2 Auxiliary Outputs of the Open Phase Module.............................................. 3.8-4

3.9 Residual Current Element

3.9-1 Digital Inputs of the Residual Current Module ............................................. 3.9-4
3.9-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Residual Current Module ................... 3.9-4

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 Annex E. List of Illustrations and Tables

3.10 Synchronism Unit

3.10-1 Angle compensation (Phase Sequence) ..................................................... 3.10-3
3.10-2 Digital Inputs of the Synchronism Module ................................................... 3.10-7
3.10-3 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Synchronism Module .......................... 3.10-8
3.10-4 Configuration of the Outputs ........................................................................ 3.10-9
3.10-5 Voltage Supervisory Elements Test (Pickups) ............................................. 3.10-10
3.10-6 Voltage Difference Element Test (Pickups) ................................................. 3.10-10
3.10-7 Phase Difference Element Test (Pickups) ................................................... 3.10-11
3.10-8 Frequency Difference Element Test (Pickups) ............................................ 3.10-11

3.11 Out of Step Element

3.11-1 Digital Inputs of the Out of Step Module ...................................................... 3.11-5
3.11-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Out of Step Module ............................ 3.11-6

3.12 Thermal Image Unit

3.12-1 Digital Inputs of the Thermal Image Module ................................................ 3.12-7
3.12-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Thermal Image Module ...................... 3.12-8

3.13 Directional Power Elements

3.13-1 Digital Inputs of the Directional Power Elements Module ............................ 3.13-5
3.13-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Directional Power Elements Module .. 3.13-5

3.14 Undercurrent Element

3.14-1 Digital Inputs of the Undercurrent Module ................................................... 3.14-3
3.14-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Undercurrent Module.......................... 3.14-3
3.14-3 Undercurrent Element Test (Pickup and Reset) .......................................... 3.14-4

3.15 Restricted Earth Faults Element

3.15-1 Digital Inputs of the Restricted Earth Faults Module ................................... 3.15-6
3.15-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Restricted Earth Faults Module .......... 3.15-7
3.15-3 Restricted Earth Faults Element Test (Settings).......................................... 3.15-7
3.15-4 Restricted Earth Faults Element Test (Element Sensitivity) ........................ 3.15-7
3.15-5 Restricted Earth Faults Element Test (Element Characteristic) .................. 3.15-8

3.16 Cold Load Element

3.16-1 Digital Inputs of the Cold Load Module ........................................................ 3.16-4
3.16-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Cold Load Module .............................. 3.16-4

3.17 Current Measurement Supervision

3.17-1 Digital Inputs of the Current Measurement Supervision Module ................. 3.17-4
3.17-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Current Measurement Supervision
Module ......................................................................................................... 3.17-4

3.18 Fuse Failure Detector

3.18-1 Digital Inputs of the Fuse Failure Detector Module...................................... 3.18-3
3.18-2 Digital Outputs and Events of the Fuse Failure Detector Module................ 3.18-3

3.19 Recloser
3.19-1 Digital Inputs of the Recloser Module .......................................................... 3.19-16
3.19-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Recloser Module ................................ 3.19-17

3.19 Logic
3.19-1 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Command Failure Module .................. 3.19-3

3.22 General Settings

3.22-1 Auxiliary Outputs and Events (Protection In Service) .................................. 3.22-2

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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
 Annex E. List of Illustrations and Tables

3.23 Trip and Close Coil Circuit Supervision

3.23-1 Configuration of Digital Inputs for Supervision ............................................ 3.23-3
3.23-2 Digital Outputs and Events of the Trip/Close Coil Circuit Supervision
Module ......................................................................................................... 3.23-6

3.24 Breaker Monitoring

3.24-1 Digital Inputs of Breaker Monitoring Module................................................ 3.24-4
3.24-2 Digital Outputs and Events of Breaker Monitoring Module.......................... 3.24-4

3.25 Power Supply Voltage Monitoring

3.25-1 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Power Supply Voltage Monitoring ...... 3.25-3

3.26 Change Settings Groups

3.26-1 Digital Inputs to Change Settings Groups ................................................... 3.26-3
3.26-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events to Change Settings Groups .......................... 3.26-4

3.27 Event Record

3.27-1 Event Record ............................................................................................... 3.27-2

3.30 Oscillographic Recording

3.30-1 Digital Inputs of the Oscillographic Recording ............................................. 3.30-7
3.30-2 Auxiliary Outputs and Events of the Oscillographic Recording ................... 3.30-7

3.31 Inputs, Outputs & LED Targets

3.31-1 Digital Inputs ................................................................................................ 3.31-4
3.31-2 Auxiliary Outputs.......................................................................................... 3.31-8

3.32 Programmable Logic

3.32-1 Operations with Memory .............................................................................. 3.32-11

3.33 Communications
3.33-1 Auxiliary Outputs of the IRIG-B Function..................................................... 3.33-3

3.34 Integrated Simulator

3.34-1 Digital Inputs of the Integrated Simulator .................................................... 3.34-3
3.34-2 Auxiliary Outputs of the Integrated Simulator .............................................. 3.34-3

3.35 Alarm Codes

3.35-1 Alarm Status Magnitude and Severity Level................................................ 3.35-2
3.35-2 Overall Problems ......................................................................................... 3.35-3

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IRX: Integrated Protection, Control and Metering IED
© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
Annex E. List of Illustrations and Tables

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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011
F. Warranty
 Annex F. Warranty

ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S.L.

Standard Product Warranty

All new products sold to customers are warranted against defects in design, materials, and workmanship
for a period of ten (10) years from the time of delivery (at the moment the product leaves ZIV GRID
AUTOMATION premises, as indicated in the shipping documents). Customer is responsible of notifying
ZIV GRID AUTOMATION of any faulty conditions as soon as they are detected. If it is determined that the
new product defect is covered by the warranty, ZIV GRID AUTOMATION will repair, or substitute the
product at its own discretion to the customer at no charge.

ZIV GRID AUTOMATION may, at its own discretion, require the customer to ship the unit back to the
factory for diagnosis before making a determination as to whether it is covered by this warranty. Shipping
costs to the ZIV GRID AUTOMATION factory (including but not limited to, freight, insurance, customs fees
and taxes, and any other expenses) will be the responsibility of the customer. All expenses related to the
shipment of the repaired or replacement units back to the customer will be borne by ZIV GRID
AUTOMATION.

Customers are responsible for all expenses related to the shipment of defective units back to ZIV GRID
AUTOMATION when it is determined that such units are not covered under this warranty or that the fault is
not ZIV GRID AUTOMATION´s responsibility. Units repaired by ZIV GRID AUTOMATION are warranted
against defects in materials, and manufacturing for a period of one (1) year from the time of delivery (at the
moment the product leaves ZIV GRID AUTOMATION premises, as indicated by the shipping documents),
or for the remaining of the original warranty, whichever is greater.

ZIV GRID AUTOMATION warranty does not cover: 1) improper installation, connection, operation,
maintenance, and/or storage, 2) minor defects not interfering with the operation of the product, possible
indemnities, misuse or improper usage, 3) abnormal or unusual operating conditions or application outside
the specifications for the product, 4) application in any way different from that for which the products were
designed, 5) repairs or alterations performed by individuals other than ZIV GRID AUTOMATION
employees or an authorised representative.

Limitations:

1) Equipment or products provided but not manufactured by ZIV GRID AUTOMATION. Such products
may be covered by a warranty issued by the corresponding manufacturer.
2) Software: ZIV GRID AUTOMATION warrants that the licensed Software corresponds with the
specifications included in the instruction manuals provided with the units, or with the specifications
agreed with the end-customer. ZIV GRID AUTOMATION sole and entire liability, and customer
exclusive remedy, with respect to any claims relating to the Software shall be to provide a new set
of diskettes free of charge.
3) In the case that a bank guarantee or similar instrument be required to back up the warranty period,
such warranty period, and only for these purposes, will be of a maximum of twelve (12) months
from the time of delivery (at the moment the product leaves ZIV GRID AUTOMATION premises, as
indicated in the shipping documents).

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES AND ZIV GRID AUTOMATION HEREBY
DISCLAIMS ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO
EVENT SHALL ZIV GRID AUTOMATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
CONSEQUENTIAL, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES OR FOR ANY OTHER LOSS, INJURY, DAMAGE, OR
EXPENSE OF ANY KIND INCLUDING LOST PROFITS OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS ARISING
FROM ANY SOURCE.

ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S.L.

Parque Tecnológico, 210
48170 Zamudio - Bizkaia - Spain
Tel.- (+34)-(94) 452.20.03
Fax - (+34)-(94) 452.21.40

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© ZIV GRID AUTOMATION, S. L. Zamudio, 2011