AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SANGAMNER

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Class: SE-IT: Pattern: 2024

Case Studies Subject: Digital Electronics &Logic design Code: MDM-221-ITT

Semester: I Year: 2025-26 Marks: Unit-III: 12 & Unit-IV: 12

Notes: i. Solve batchwise questions from Unit-III. Also solve batchwise questions from Unit-IV
ii. Each student must answer for case study in unique way. No duplication in answer is allowed.
iii. Each case study statement/question carries 6 marks
iv. Write case study statement and answer in Test Booklet.

Unit-III Flip Flops and their Applications)

Batch Case Studies Statements:
Case Study 1: Designing a Simple Traffic Light Controller
Objective- Demonstrate the use of sequential circuits, flip-flops, timers, and state
machines in real-world applications.
Assignment Task:
Using your knowledge of flip-flops and counters:
1. Design the state diagram for this sequence.
S1 2. Identify the minimum number of flip-flops required to implement this sequence.
Case Study 2: Digital Quiz Buzzer System
Assignment Task:
1. Design a priority encoder circuit using basic logic gates.
2. Implement the lockout mechanism using SR flip-flops.

Case Study 1: Designing a Digital Combination Lock

Objective- Prevent unauthorized access by requiring a correct sequence of binary inputs
(password/code) to unlock.
Assignment Task:
1. Draw the state diagram for the combination lock system, clearly showing the states
S2 for waiting for input, checking each bit, correct code, and lockout.
2. Specify the type of flip-flop (e.g., D, JK) that would be most suitable for this design
and justify your choice.
Case Study 2- Digital Fuel Dispensing Controller
Assignment Task:
[Link] a BCD counter for quantity tracking using JK flip-flops
 [Link] the cost calculation using combinational logic

Case Study 1: Elevator Floor Request System

Objective-Manage requests efficiently to minimize waiting and travel time.
1. Design a circuit using SR flip-flops to store floor requests. How many flip-flops are
needed?

S3 2. Draw the state transition diagram for the elevator controller.

Case Study 2: Digital Thermometer with Alarm
Assignment Task:
1. Design temperature storage registers
2. Implement comparator for alarm threshold
Case Study 1: Digital Dice Game
Objective-Demonstrate the practical application of sequential logic circuits (like counters
and flip-flops).
Assignment Task:
1. Design a modulo-6 counter using JK flip-flops that sequences through valid dice values
(1-6).
S4 2. Draw the complete block diagram showing the counter, timer, and output display logic.
Case Study 2: Digital Code Lock with Timeout
Assignment Task:
1. Design code comparison logic
2. Implement attempt counter with lockout

Case Study 1: Smart Home Lighting Controller

Objective-Reduce energy consumption by switching lights ON/OFF or dimming based
on occupancy and natural light.
Assignment Task:
1. Design a sequential circuit using D flip-flops to store the state of each motion sensor.
S5
2. Design a 5-bit counter to generate the 30-second timeout period (assume 1 Hz clock).
Case Study 2: Digital Power Management System
Assignment Task:
1. Design load priority encoder
2. Implement power failure detection

Case Study 1: Digital Stopwatch with Lap Timer

Objective- design and implement a digital stopwatch system with lap timer
S6 functionality using digital circuits or microcontroller-based techniques.
1. Design a circuit using T flip-flops for seconds counting (0-59).
2. Design the lap memory mechanism using registers and multiplexers.
 Case Study 2: Digital Frequency Counter
Assignment Task:
[Link] input signal conditioning
[Link] frequency division for ranges

Case Study 1: Digital Alarm System with Multiple Zones

Objective-design and analyze a digital alarm system with multiple zones that enhances
security, monitoring, and control in a building or restricted area.
Assignment Task:
1. Design a priority encoder using basic gates to identify the first triggered zone.
S7
2. Implement the zone memory using D flip-flops.
Case Study 2: Digital Phase Controller
Assignment Task:
[Link] zero-crossing detection
[Link] phase delay counter

Case Study 1: Digital Parking Lot Management System

Objective-Monitor vehicles and parking areas to prevent unauthorized access or theft.
Assignment Task:
1. Design a 3-bit up-down counter using JK flip-flops to track available parking spaces.
2. Develop the logic circuit to control the entrance lights (Red when count=000).
S8
Case Study 2: Digital Water Treatment Plant
Assignment Task:
[Link] treatment sequence controller
[Link] pump timing logic

Unit 4 Sequential Logic Design

Batch Case Studies Statements:
Case Study 1: Developing an Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) Control Unit
Objective-design and develop the control unit of an Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) that
ensures accurate, secure, and efficient voting.
Assignment Task:
Identify whether this system is best modeled as a Mealy or Moore machine. Justify your
choice.
Describe the role of registers in this system for storing the vote counts. What is the
S1 minimum number of D flip-flops required if the expected number of voters is less than 64
(so a 6-bit counter per candidate suffices)?
Case Study 2: Industrial Batch Counter with Quality Control
Assignment Task:
1. Design a state machine for batch counting and quality control.
2. Implement 4-bit counters for total items and defective items.
 Case Study 1: Implementing a Serial Data Processor
Objective-To design and implement a Serial Data Processor that can receive, store, process,
and transmit data sequentially in a bit-by-bit manner
Assignment Task:
1. Design a Moore machine state diagram for the sequence detector that identifies the 1101
delimiter.
2. Once the delimiter is detected, the system must capture the next 8 bits. Explain how a
S2
shift register would be used for this purpose. How many flip-flops are required for the shift
register?
Case Study 2: Industrial Batch Counter with Quality Control
Assignment Task:
1. Design a state machine for batch counting and quality control.
2. Implement 4-bit counters for total items and defective items.

Case Study 1: Vending Machine Controller

Objective -design and implement a digital controller for a vending machine that automates
the process of product selection, payment verification, and dispensing.
Assignment Task:
1. Design a Moore machine state diagram for the vending machine controller. Show states
for different amounts (₹0, ₹5, ₹10, ₹15, ₹20+).
S3
2. How many D flip-flops are needed to implement this state machine?
Case Study 2: Multi-floor Elevator Priority System
Assignment Task:
1. Design state machine for elevator movement logic
2. Implement priority encoder for floor requests

Case Study 1: Serial Communication Error Detector

Objective-Implement a system that detects errors during serial transmission.
Assignment Task:
1. Design a state machine for the receiver controller. Show states for idle, start bit
detection, data shifting, parity check, and stop bit verification.
S4 2. Design the shift register for storing the 8-bit data. How many flip-flops are needed?
Case Study 2: Industrial Mixing Process Controller
Assignment Task:
1. Design sequential state machine for mixing process
2. Implement timer control for different recipes

Case Study 1: Industrial Conveyor Belt System

Objective-Study the components of a conveyor belt system, including motors, pulleys,
S5
belts, sensors, and control units.

Assignment Task:
 1. Design a Moore machine state diagram with states: IDLE, LOADING, PROCESSING,
PACKAGING.
2. Specify the number of flip-flops needed and the type most suitable for this application.
Case Study 2: Multi-channel Data Logger
[Link] channel selection state machine
2. Implement address counter for memory

Case Study 1: Railway Track Switching System

Objective-Implement or simulate track switching using control devices like relays,
sensors, or flip-flops.
Assignment Task:
1. Design a state machine for the track switching controller.
S6 2. Identify critical safety states and how the system handles fault conditions.
Case Study 2: Automated Sorting Machine
Assignment Task:
[Link] sorting decision state machine
2. Implement category counters

Case Study 1: Automatic Plant Watering System

Objective:
To design and implement an automatic plant watering system that monitors soil moisture
levels and provides water to plants as needed, ensuring optimal growth, conserving water,
and reducing the need for manual watering.
Assignment Task:
1. Design the timing control using counters for 5-second and 10-second intervals.
S7
2. How would you prevent continuous cycling between states during borderline moisture
conditions?
Case study 2 -Multi-mode Industrial Timer
Assignment Task:
[Link] mode selection state machine
[Link] programmable timebase

Case Study 1: Smart Traffic Light Intersection Controller

Objective-Improve road safety by minimizing vehicle and pedestrian conflicts at
intersections.
Assignment Task:
1. Design a state machine with minimum 8 states for the four directions.
S8
2. Implement mode switching between normal and emergency modes.
Case Study 2: Automated Car Parking System
Assignment Task:
1. Design floor selection state machine
2. Implement slot allocation logic