SAMPLING DESIGN
Perfect! 🙌
Here is a complete elaboration and explanation of the Sampling Design
section of your Chapter 3 based on the first file you uploaded — plus panelist
questions with strong sample answers you can use during your defense 👇
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📌 SAMPLING DESIGN
> “The study used the stratified random sampling technique. The
respondents of the study were Grade 12 students of Cabadbaran City
National High School. A total of 270 respondents were selected from the
population of 827 Grade 12 students through the use of Slovin’s formula with
a 5% margin of error. Stratified random sampling ensured that each
academic strand was proportionally represented in the study.”
✅ Elaboration and Explanation:
1. Type of Sampling Technique:
The study uses Stratified Random Sampling, a probability sampling method
where the population is divided into subgroups (called strata) that share
common characteristics.
In this study, the strata are the different academic strands: ABM, GAS,
HUMSS, STEM, TVL (Cookery), CSS, EIM, and SMAW.
2. Why Stratified Sampling Was Used:
To ensure that each strand is fairly represented in the sample.
To avoid sampling bias, which may occur if only certain groups dominate the
data.
To get a more accurate and reliable reflection of the entire population.
3. Population and Sample Size:
Total population: 827 Grade 12 students.
Sample size: 270 respondents.
Formula used: Slovin’s Formula
n = \frac{N}{1 + N(e)^2}
n = sample size
N = total population (827)
e = margin of error (0.05)
📌 Computation:
n= \frac{827}{1 + 827(0.05)^2}
= \frac{827}{1 + 827(0.0025)}
= \frac{827}{1 + 2.0675}
= \frac{827}{3.0675}
≈ 270
4. Stratified Distribution of Respondents:
Strand Population % Sample
ABM 94 11% 31
GAS 128 16% 42
HUMSS 161 20% 52
STEM 146 18% 47
TVL–BPP/Cookery 48 6% 16
CSS 88 11% 29
EIM 64 8% 21
SMAW 98 10% 32
Total 827 100% 270
5. Why This Method is Appropriate:
It ensures that each strand is proportionally represented, which improves the
accuracy and validity of the results.
Stratified random sampling minimizes sampling error and gives a clearer
picture of students’ perception and willingness to pay across different
academic backgrounds.
The sample size of 270 is statistically valid and manageable for the
researchers.
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POSSIBLE PANEL QUESTIONS AND STRONG SAMPLE ANSWERS
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❓ 1. Why did you use stratified random sampling and not simple random
sampling?
✅ Answer:
We used stratified random sampling because our population is divided into
different academic strands, and each may have different perceptions. This
method ensures that every strand is fairly represented, unlike simple random
sampling, which might overrepresent or underrepresent some groups. It also
increases the accuracy and reliability of the results.
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❓ 2. Why did you use Slovin’s formula to determine your sample size?
✅ Answer:
Slovin’s formula is commonly used in academic research to determine an
appropriate sample size when the total population is known. It helps us
balance accuracy with feasibility. By applying Slovin’s formula with a 5%
margin of error, we obtained a sample of 270 respondents, which is
statistically acceptable.
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❓ 3. Why is 5% your chosen margin of error?
✅ Answer:
A 5% margin of error is a standard level in most educational and behavioral
research. It provides a good balance between accuracy and practicality—
ensuring the sample is large enough to yield reliable results but not too large
to make data gathering difficult.
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❓ 4. How did you assign the number of respondents per strand?
✅ Answer:
We calculated the proportion of each strand relative to the total population
and applied that percentage to the total sample size of 270. This way, larger
strands like HUMSS have more respondents, while smaller strands have
fewer, maintaining proportional representation.
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❓ 5. How will this sampling design affect the quality of your results?
✅ Answer:
This design increases the representativeness of our data because it reflects
the diversity of the entire Grade 12 population. It also reduces sampling error
and ensures that our findings are more accurate and credible.
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❓ 6. What if some students chosen through stratified sampling don’t
participate?
✅ Answer:
We have prepared replacement respondents from the same strand to
maintain proportionality. This ensures that the sample remains valid and the
distribution per strand does not change.
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❓ 7. Why not use purposive or convenience sampling since it’s easier?
✅ Answer:
While purposive or convenience sampling is easier, it is more prone to bias.
Since our study involves analyzing perceptions from different strands,
stratified random sampling gives us a more accurate and balanced set of
responses, making the results more scientifically sound.
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✨ Sample Defense Script (Short Version):
> “We used stratified random sampling to ensure that each academic strand
is proportionally represented in our study. Using Slovin’s formula with a 5%
margin of error, we determined a sample size of 270 out of 827 students.
This method helps minimize sampling bias and improves the validity of our
results. Stratified sampling is the most appropriate for our study since our
population is composed of multiple groups with potentially different
perceptions.”
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✅ Quick Tips for Defense:
Memorize your population, sample size, and sampling method.
Be ready to explain why stratified sampling fits your study better than other
methods.
Know how to defend your sample size calculation confidently.
If asked about possible non-responses, show that you have a contingency
plan.