UNIT 5: INVERSION
I.Đảo ngữ là gì?
-Inversion is the reversal of the normal order of the subject and the verb in a sentence.
Ex:I had never seen so many people in one room.
II. Cách sử dụng
1. Inversion in a question
Ex:She is a pretty girl. Is she a pretty girl.
2. Inversion in a sentence beginning with a negative or a semi-negative word or phrase
Inversion occurs when the adverb is at the begiing of a clause.
Never/ rarely/ little(not)/ hardly/ scarely + aux + S + V
a. TH1: AUXILIARY + S + V0 (Các thì đơn HTĐ, QKĐ, có modals)
Ex:Seldom does the team give a worse performance.
b. TH2: Be + S + V-ing (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
c. TH3: Have/Has/Had + S + Vpp (Thì hoàn thành)
3. Inversion with TIME EXPRESSIONS
Hardly/ scarely/ barely/ when/ no sooner/ than
To emphrasize that one event quickly followed another
To describe the earlier event: past perfect tense
o Hardly when + S + V2/ed
o Scarely + Had + S + pp
o Barely than + S + Ved/2
o No sooner
Ex:-Scarely had I entered the room when the phone rang.
-No sooner had I reached the door than I realised it looked.
4. With phrased containing NO/NOT
No money shall I lend you form now on.
Not any money shall I lend you from now on.
NO + N + Aux + S + V
=NOT ANY + N + Aux + S + V
Ex:She didn’t shed any tear when the story ended in tragedy.
Not any/ No tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy.
Under/ In no circumstances; On no acoount (dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không);
At no time ( không bao giờ); In no way/ On no condition ( không ); No where; No longer +
AUX + S + V
Ex:-Under no circumstances can we accept credit cards.
-In no way can he be held responsible.
-I won’t come home until 10 o’clock. Not until 10 o’clock will I come.
Ex:I won’t come home until 10 o’clock. Not until 10 o’clock will I come.
Not until + phrase/clause of time + inversion (Mãi cho đến khi…..)
Ex:Not only is he good at E but he can also draw very well.
Not only + inversion + but also + S (noun) + V
+ but + S (pronoun) + also + V (không những mà còn)
+ but + S + V + as well
Ex:He not only sings well but she also plays musical instruments.
Not only does he sings but she also plays musical instruments.
5. Inversion with ONLY
a. Only by + V-ing
Only with + N
Only in this/ that way inversion
Only then
Only later
Only in/ on/ at + N/ adv of time
Ex: - Only with your help can be solve the problem.
-Only in central VN have I seen such sceneny like that.
-Only then did I understand it.
-Only by studying hard ean you pass the exam.
b. Only after
Only when + clause (S+V) + inversion
Only if
Ex:- Only after he had graduated, did he start looking for a job.
- Only when you grow up, can you understand it.
- Only if you promise to keep secret, will I tell you about it.
Chú ý:
Only after + N/V-ing + inversion
Ex:Only after his father’s entirement, did he take over the company.
Only when = not until
6. Inversion in conditional sentences
Ex:If I have time, I’ll finish that letter. should I have time, …
Should + S + bare inf
Ex: If she comes late, she will miss the train. Should she come late,….
Ex: If I were you, I would accept that job offer in Chicago. Were I you,…
Were + S + to-inf
Were + S + N/adj
Ex:I knew her, I would invite her to my party. were I to know her,…
Ex:If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Had I found her
address, I would have sent her an invitation.
Had + S + pp
Ex:If my parents hadn’t encouraged me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
Had my parents not encouraged me,…
7. Inversion after structures SO/SUCH … THAT
Ex: The play is so interesting that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
So interesting is the play that the theatre is likely….
S + V + So + adj/adv + that clause. So + adj/adv + inversion + that clause
Ex: We arrived so late that we missed the beg wining of the film.
So late did we arrived that …
Ex: He bought so many books that he couldn’t read them all.
So many books did he buy that …
S + V + so much/ little/ many/ few + N + that clause
S + much/ little/ many/ Few + N + inversion + that clause
Ex:The force of the storm was so much/ so great that trees were uprooted.
Such was the force of the storm that treeswas uprooted.
Such + be + S (noun phrase) + that clause
8. Inversion a prepositional phrase of place, an adverb phrase
ADV OF PLACE + V (tense) + S
Ex: My house lies behind the bamboo forest. Behind the bamboo forest lies my house.
9. Inversion with HERE/THERE
HERE/ THERE + be/come/go + S (noun)
Ex:-Here comes the bus. / There goes Sally
-Here you are. (đảo ngữ TH danh từ) / Here are you. (đảo ngữ TH đại từ)
10. Inversion with SO/NEITHER
Ex:-I am going home. So am I
-I don’t like vegetables. Neither do I
*These are used in “echoing” statements, agreeing or disagreeing.
SO is used to show agreement with positive statements.
SO + Auxiliary/Be + S (pronoun)
NEITHER is used to show agreement with negative statements.
NEITHER + Auxiliary + S (pronoun)
11. Inversion after AS
*This is more common in formal or written language.
We were short of money, as were most people in our neighborhood.
I thought, as did my colleagues, that the recession would soon be over
S+ V…., AS + aux + S….
EXERCISE:
1) If we hear any firther news, we will be in touch immediately.
2) If you wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and
11.00.
3) If you have further problems with your printer, contact dealer for advice.
4) If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April.
5) If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
6) If the chemical leaked, a large area of the sea would be contaminated.
7) If Germany beat Romania, they would face Italy in the final.
8) If Mr Morgan were still head master, he would not permit such bad behavior.
9) If you had given it on time, you would have got a high mark.
10) If she had become a lawyer, as her parents wished, she would have earn a large salary.
11) The old mill house can be seen in the background of the painting.
12) The sound of children playing could be heard outside in the street.
13) She was so excited that she could hardly sleep.
14) She performed it so well that many said that it was perfect.