JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT

ALTERNATING CURRENT
SYNOPSIS I or E


Introduction : When a resistor is connected

across the terminals of a battery, a current is t
established in the circuit. The current has a

unique direction, it goes from the positive Square form of ac
terminal to the negative terminal via the external ADVANTAGES OF ALTERNATING
resistor. The magnitude of the current also CURRENT OVER DIRECT
remains almost constant. This is called direct CURRENT
current (dc).
• The cost of generation of ac is less than that of dc.
If the direction of the current in a resistor or in
any other element changes alternately, the • ac can be conveniently converted into dc with the
current is called an alternating current (ac). In help of rectifiers.
this chapter, we shall study the alternating • By supplying ac at high voltages, we can
current that varies sinusoidally with time. minimise transmission losses or line losses.
ALTERNATING CURRENT(A.C.) • ac is available in a wide range of voltages.
• Electric current, which keeps on changing in These volatages can be easily stepped up or
magnitude and direction periodically is defined stepped down with the help of transformers.
as alternating current. DISADVANTAGES OF ALTERNATING
• It obeys Ohm’s law and Joule’s heating law. CURRENT OVER DIRECT CURRENT
It is produced using the principle of • ac is more dangerous than dc.
electromagnetic induction.
• Graphical representations for alternating • ac is transmitted more by the surface of the
quantities can be represented in the form of the conductor. This is called skin effect. Due to
following graphs. this reason that several strands of thin insulated
wire, instead of a single thick wire, need be
ALTERNATING VOLTAGE (A.V)
used.
• The voltage, which changes in magnitude and • For electrorefining,electro - typing
direction with respect to time is defined as electroplating, only dc can be used but not ac.
alternating voltage.
INSTANTANEOUS VALUE OF
• The alternating voltage in general use is
sinusoidal voltage. It is produced by rotating a CURRENT OR VOLTAGE (I or E)
coil in a uniform magnetic field with uniform • The value of current or voltage in an ac circuit
angular velocity. at any instant of time is called its instantaneous
value.
I or E
• Instantaneous current,

I  I 0 sin wt (or) I  I 0 sin(w t  f)
• Instantaneous voltage,
E  E0 sin w t (or) E  E 0 sin(wt  f)
t


sinusoidal form of ac
Where (w t  f) is called phase
I or E

E 0 or I 0
Positive half cycle

+
+ + +
I or E
  
O T/4 t or 
_
T/2
Negative
half cycle
T
Triangular form of ac

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 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

AMPLITUDE OF A.C. ( PEAK (+) Between A and C

I or E or
VALUE) (I0) or ( I m ): A
B C and B
It is the maximum value of A.C. The value of A.C. c) C t Iavg  0
becomes maximum twice in one cycle. (-) Eavg  0

Note: Average value of a function F  t  over a period FREQUENCY OF A.C. (f)

• It is the number of cycles completed by A.C. in
of T is given by
one second.
T TIME PERIOD OF A.C. (T)
 F t  dt 1
T • It is the time taken by A.C. to complete one cycle.
 F  t   Favg  0
 F  t dt
T 0
T f = 1/ T
 dt MEAN SQUARE VALUE OF A.C. < I2 >
0
I02
• < I2 > =
2
2 1  cos 2 t  1
Eg:-  sin t  : 2 R.M.S. VALUE (Irms) or EFFECTIVE
2
VALUE (I) or VIRTUAL VALUE OF A.C.
 sin 2t  0 ;  cos 2t  0
It is the square root of the average of squares
AVERAGE VALUE OF A.C. < I > of all the instantaneous values of current over
• The value of current at any instant ‘t’ is given by one complete cycle.
I  I0 sin wt . T T

I  I0 .sin
2 2 2
• The average value of a sinusoidal wave over .dt [Link]
one complete cycle is given by 2
I rms  0  0
T T
T T
 dt
 I .dt  I 0 sin [Link] 0

I avg  0
T
 0
T
0 T T
I 02 1 cos 2wt  I 2  sin 2wt 
 dt  dt 
T  
 2
 dt  0 t 
 2T 

2w  0
0
0 0
For half cycle: I02 I0
 ;  I rms   0.707 I 0
T
2
T
2 2 2
 Idt I 0 sin t dt • It is equal to that direct current which produces
0 0 2I 0
I  T  T   0.636 I 0 same heating in a resistance as is produced by
2 2

 dt  dt the A.C. in same resistance during same time.
0 0
MEAN SQUARE VALUE OF A.C. < I2 >
I avg  63.7% of I 0 I02
• < I2 > =
2
2 Eo
• Similarly Eavg   0.637 E0  63.7% E0 FORM FACTOR

rms value
(+) Form factor = average value over half cycle
I or E Between A and B,
B Iavg = 0
A
Note: a) t Eavg = 0 I rms E
(-) Form factor   rms
I avg Eavg
(+) A
Between A and B, I0 2I 0
I or E Iavg = 0 We know that I rms  and Iave 
b) t Eavg = 0 2 p
(-) B

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 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT

I0 p p T
 Form factor     1.11 W  E0 I 0 cos  X
2 2I0 2 2 2
Note : Average power over complete cycle,
• ac ammeter and voltmeter read the r.m.s value W E0 I 0
i.e., effective value of alternating current and Pavg   cos 
T 2
voltage respectively.
• ac can be measured by using hot wire ammeters E0 I 0
 cos   Erms I rms cos 
or hot wire voltmeters because the heat generated 2 2
is independent of the direction of current. c) Apparent or virtual power : The product
• ac produces the same heating effects as that of apparent voltage and apparent current in an
electric circuit is called apparent power. This
of dc of magnitude i = irms is always positive.
EI
• ac is more dangerous than dc of same voltage. Papp  E rms I rms  0 0
2
100V ac means Erms  100V , E0  100 2 V
W.E-1: You have two copper cables of equal length
for carrying current. One of them has a single
100V dc is equivalent to Erms wire of area of across section A, the other has
• ac can be produced by the principle of ten wires each of cross section area A/10.
electromagnetic induction. Judge their suitability for transporting ac and
dc.
POWER IN ac CIRCUITS :
Sol: For transporting d.c.., both the wires are equally
In dc circuits power is given by P = VI. But in suitable, but for transporting a.c., we prefer wire
ac circuits, since there is some phase angle
of multiple [Link] is transmitted more by the
between voltage and current, therefore power is
defined as the product of voltage and that surface of the conductor. This is called skin effect
component of the current which is in phase with .Due to this reason that several strands of thin
the voltage. insulated wire, instead of a single thick wire,
need be used.
Thus P = EI cosf , where E and I are r.m.s.
W.E-2: If the voltage in an ac circuit is represented
values of voltage and current.
by the equation.
Power factor:The quantity cosf is called
power factor. V  220 2 sin  314t    volt calculate (a)
a) In stantaneous power : Suppose in a circuit peak and rms value of the voltage, (b) average
voltage, (c) frequency of ac.
E = E0 sin wt and I  I 0 sin wt  f then Sol: (a) As in case of ac,
Pinstantaneous = EI = E0I0 sin wt sin wt  f V  V0 sin  t    ; The peak value
b) Average power (True power) : The average
V0  220 2  311V and as in case of ac.
of instantaneous power in an ac circuit over a
full cycle is called average power. Its unit is V0
watt i.e. Vrms  ;Vrms  220V ; (b) In case of ac
2
T T

 [Link]  [Link] T
2 2
W 0 0 Vavg  V0   311  198.17V
Pavg     
t T
T ; W   [Link]
 dt
0
0
(c) As   2 f , 2 f  314
T
E0 I 0
T 314
W  E0 I 0 cos   sin 2 tdt  sin   sin 2tdt i.e, f   50 Hz
0
2 0
2

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 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

W.E-3: A current is made of two components a dc • RESISTANCE (R) It is the opposition offered
component i 1 = 3A and an ac component by a conductor to the flow of direct current.
i 2  4 2 sin t . Find the reading of hot wire • IMPEDANCE (Z) It is the opposition offered
ammeter? by a conductor to the flow of alternating current.
Sol: i  i1 +i2  3  4 2 sin w t | alternating emf |
Z = | alternating current |
T T

 3  4 
2


peak value of alternating voltage
2
i dt 2 sin wt dt = peak value of AC
2
irms  0
T
 0

T RMS value of alternating voltage

 dt = RMS value of AC
0

T • ADMITTANCE(Y): Reciprocal of impedance

2
rms
1
T 0

i   9  24 2 sin wt 32sin2 wt dt  of a circuit is called admittance of the circuit.
1
admittance (Y) =
 irms = 5A Z
S.I. Unit:ohm-1 i.e. mho or siemen.
W.E-4: If a direct current of value a ampere is • PHASE: The physical quantity which
superimposed on an alternating current represents both the instantaneous value and
I  b sin t flowing through a wire, what is direction of A.C. at any instant is called its phase.
the effective value of the resulting current in • It is dimensionless quantity and its unit is Radian
the circuit? • Phase Difference: The diffrerence between
the phases of current and voltage is called Phase
dc
I I difference.
a ac • If alternat ing emf and current are
b
 =? E  E0 sin  t  1  and i  i0 sin  t  2 
t t
then phase difference is   1  2
• The quantity varies sinusoidally with time and
Sol: As current at any instant in the circuit will be, can be represented as projection of a rotating
I  I dc  I ac  a  b sin  t vector, is called as phasor.
• A diagram, representing alternating emf and
1
current (of same frequency) as rotating
T 2  2

  I dt  T
1 vectors (Phasors) with phase angle between

  1  a  b sin  t  2 dt  2
them is called as phasor diagram.
I eff   0T   
So,   T 0 
  dt 
 0 
1
1 T 2 2
i.e, eff    a  2b sin t  b  sin t  dt 
2 2
I 
T 0 
But as
1 T 1 T 1
 sin t dt  0 and  sin 2 t dt 
T 0 T 0 2 • In the above figure , OA and OB represent two
1 
1/ 2 rotating vectors having magnitudes E0 and I0 in

So, I eff  a 2  b2  anti clock wise direction with same angular
 2 
velocity ‘ w ’.
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 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT

• OM and ON are the projections of OA and OB • instantaneous emf is E=E 0 sin t

on Y-axis respectively.
• instantaneous current I  I 0 sin t   
• OM = E and ON = I, represent the instantaneous
values of alternating emf and current.   
where    ; Current leads emf by
• BOA  f represents the phase angle by which  2 2
current I0 leads the alternating emf E0.
E

E and I
• The phasor diagram, in a simple representation I
is
t
Y Y O

I
I
E
 

t
X X E=E 0 sin t ; I  I 0 sin t    where   2
O O
• Current lags emf by  /2
WE-5: Use a phasor diagram to represent the sine or
waves in the following Figure. emf leads current by  /2
A.C THROUGH A RESISTOR
• A pure resistor of resistance R is connected
across an alternating source of emf
R

Sol:The phasor diagram representing the sine waves ~

is shown in [Link] length of each phasor E=E0 sin t
represents the peak value of the sine wave.
• The instantaneous value of alternating emf is
E = E0 sin t
• The instantaneous value of alternating current
E E0
is I    sint   I 0 sin t
R R
E0
• Peak value of current, I 0 
R
Note:If e.m.f (or voltage) in A.C. is E = E 0 sin t • Phasor diagrams:
and the current I = I0sin  ωt+φ  Where phase I,E E.m.f
Y
difference φ is Positive if current leads,Negative Current
if current lags and zero if current is inphase with
 2
the emf (or voltage). O t
 3
I 2 2
E and I

E O X
t I E
O

• emf and current will be in phase    0 

• emf and current have same frequency
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 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

• Peak emf is more than peak current

E 0  E0
• The value of impedance (Z) is equal to R Where Peak value of current, I0 
and reactance (X) is zero L X L
• Apart from instantaneous value, current in the • From equation 1 & 2
circuit is independent of frequency and Phase difference between alternating voltage
decreases with increase in R (similar to that in 
dc circuits). and current is
2
R=constt. f =constt • The alternating current lags behind the
slope
I0 1 
I
Irms R emf by a phase angle of
2 2
Irms  or f • Phasor diagram
R
I, E VL
POWER E.m.f
Current
• power factor cos   cos 0  1
 3
• Instantaneous power Pi  Eo I o sin 2  t 2 2 2
t
O  
• Average power over time ' T ' sec = 2

2 LL
Erms
Pavg  Erms I rms cos   Erms . I rms 
R
INDUCTIVE REACTANCE (XL)
A.C THROUGH AN INDUCTOR • The opposition offered by an inductor to the flow
• A pure inductor of inductance L is connected of ac is called an inductive reactance.
across an alternating source of emf E • The quantity  L is analogous to resistance and
L
is called reactance of Inductor represented by
XL .
• It allows D.C. but offers finite impedance to the
~ flow of A.C.
E=E0 sin t • Its value depends on L and f.
• The instantaneous value of alternating emf • Inductance not only causes the current to lag
is E = E0 sin t ...........(1) behind emf but it also limits the magnitude of
dI current in the circuit.
• The induced emf across the inductor =  L. E0 E
dt I0   L  0  X L ,
which opposes the growth of current in the • L I0
circuit. As there is no potential drop across the
circuit, so  X L   L  2 fL  X L f ; X L  f curve
 dI  dI X L  L curve
E    L.   0 or L.  E
 dt  dt
Y Y
dI E0
 sin t ; On integrating
dt L
E0  
I  cos t  I 0 sin  t   ..........  2  slope = tan = 2L slope = tan = 2f
L  2 XL XL
 
• The instantaneous value of alternating current X X
is f L
 
 I  I0 sin  t   • For dc, f  0  X L  0
 2

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 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT

For ac, high frequencies, X L   q=CE=CE0 sin t

 dc can flow easily through inductor.. dq  
• Inductive reactance in terms of RMS value I  C E0 cos t  I 0 sin  t   ............... 2 
dt  2
E • The instantaneous value of alternating current
is X L   L  rms
Irms is
Power supplied to inductor  
I  I 0 sin  t   ...............(2)
• The instantaneous power supplied to the inductor  2
  E0
is PL  iv  i0 sin   t    v0 sin  t  where peak value of current, I0 
 2  1 
 
 C 
i0 v0
 i0v0 cos t  sin t    sin  2 t  • From equation 1 & 2
2

So, the average power over a complete cycle is current leads the emf by an angle .
2
Pavg  Erms . I rms cos   0   90 PHASOR DIAGRAM
i0 v0 I,E
 sin  2 t   0 E.m.f
Current
IC
2
Since the average of sin  2t  over a complete 3
2 /2
 t
cycle is zero. O 
2
2

T hus, t he average power supplied to an

VC
inductor over one complete cycle is zero.
A.C THROUGH A CAPACITOR CAPACITIVE REACTANCE (XC)
• When an alternating emf is applied to a • The resistance offered by a capacitor to the flow
capacitor, then alternating current is constituted of ac is called capacitive reactence.
in the circuit. Due to this, charge on the plates
1
and electric field between the plates of capacitor • The quantity is analogous to resistance and
vary sinusoidally with time. C
• At any instant the potential difference between is called reactance of capacitor represented by
the plates of a capacitor is equal to applied XC
emf at that time. E0 1 1 E E
I0   XC    0  rms
C  1   C 2 fC I 0 I rms
 
 C 
• It is the part of impedance in which A.C. leads

the A.V. by a phase angle of .
~ 2
E=E0 sin t
1 1
• A capacitor of capacity C is connected across • Its value is Xc   .
C 2fC
an alternating source of emf • Its value depends on C and f.
• The instantaneous value of alternating emf is • It bypasses A.C. but blocks D.C.
E = E0 sin t ...................(1) • It is produced due to pure capacitor or induced
• Let q be the charge on the capacitor at any instant. charge.
Accoding to kirchhoff’s loop rule • X C  f curve
q
E  0  q  CE0 sin t X C  C curve
C
75
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

C = const  = const WE-8: An inductor of 1 henry is connected across

a 220 v, 50 Hz supply. The peak value of the
XC XC current is approximately.
Sol: Peak value of current
 or f C E 2 Erms 2 Erms 2  220 
Note: Resistance, Impedance and Reactance have the i0  0     0.99 A
same units and Dimensional Formulae. XL L 2 fL 2  50 1
i.e. SI unit is ohm; Dimensional Formula is WE-9: A capacitor of 2 F is connected in a radio
 ML2T 3 A2  circuit. The source frequency is 1000 Hz. If
Power supplied to capacitor: the current through the capacitor branch is
• The instantaneous power supplied to the 2 mA then the voltage across the capacitor is
capacitor is 1 I
Sol: VC  IX C  I  
Pc  iv  i0 cos t  v0 sin t  C 2 fC
iv
 i0 v0 cos t  sin t  ;  0 0 sin  2 t  2 103
2  3 6
 0.16V
So, the average power over a complete cycle is 2  10  2  10
zero A.C THROUGH LR SERIES CIRCUIT
since  sin  2t   0 over a complete cycle. • LR circuit consists of a resistor of resistance
R and an inductor of inductance L in series
Pavg  Vrms . I rms cos   Vrms . I rms cos 90  0 with a source of alternating emf
 no power is consumed in a purely • The instantaneous value of alternating emf is
capacitive circuit.
E  E 0 sin t
WE-6: An alternating voltage
L R
E  200 2 sin 100t  volt is connected to a
1 F capacitor through an ac ammeter. What VL VR

will be the reading of the ammeter? E

~
Sol: Comparing E  200 2 sin 100t  with
• The potential difference across the inductor is
E  E0 sin t ; E0  200 2V and   100  rad / s 
given by, VL  IXL .....(1)
1 1 • The potential difference across the resistor,
XC   6
 104 
C 100  10 VR  IR .....(2)
Erms E0 200 2 
I rms     20 mA current I lags the Voltage VL by an angle of ,
Z 2XC 2 104 2
Therefore, the resultant of VL and VR is
WE-7: Find the maximum value of current when
2 2
a coil of inductance 2H is connected to 150V, OC  OA 2  OB2 or E  VR  VL
50 cycles / sec supply.
y
Sol: Here L  2H, Erms  150 V , f  50 Hz
X L  L  L  2f = 2 2 3.14 50 = 628 ohm B C

RMS value of current through the inductor ,

Erms 150 XL
Irms    0.24A (or) E
XL 628 VL
Maximum value (or peak value) of current is
I0
given by I r m s  
2 x
or I0  2 Irms  1.414 0.24  0.339A VR (or) R A
I

76
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
Using equations ( 1 ) and (2), we get capacitor,
2
E  I2R 2  I2 X L  I R 2  X L
2 VC  IX C .....(i)
where X L  L is the inductive reactance. 
E • The current leads emf by an angle when ac
or I  2
2 .....(3)
R2  XL flows through capacitor.
E
I 2 2 2 2 2
Z LR ; Z LR  R  X L  R  L  • The potential difference across the resistor,
The effective opposition offered by LR circuit VR = IR .....(ii)
to ac is called the impedance of LR circuit.
• The emf and current are in phase when ac flows
Let  be the angle made by the resultant of VL through resistor.
and VR with the X-axis, then from figure, we get Phasor diagram.
AC OB VL IX L
tan      I
OA OA VR IR O
VR (or) R A
X
X L L 
or tan   
R R
Note: In series LR circuit, emf leads the current or VC E
(or)
the current is said to lag behind the emf by an XC
angle 
 Current in L-R series circuit is given by B C
-Y
E E
I  0 sin(w t  f )
Z LR Z LR • In figure VC is represented by OB along negative
(or) I  I 0 sin( w t  f ) Y - axis and the current I is represented along
Note: X - axis.
• Z LR  R 2  L2  2  R 2  L2  4  2 f 2 . • VR is represented by OA along X - axis.
Thus Z LR increases with the frequency of ac, so
• The resultant potential difference of VC and VR is
ZLR is low for lower freqeuncy of ac and high
for higher frequency of ac represented by OC.
• The phase angle between voltage and current • Also, the emf and current are in phase when ac
increases with the increase in the frequency of flows through the resistor. So, VR is represented
ac by OA along X-axis.
C-R SERIES CIRCUIT WITH • Therefore, the resultant potential difference of
ALTERNATING VOLTAGE VC and VR is represented by OC and is given
• Let an alternating source of emf E =E0 sin w t is by
connected to a series combination of a pure OC  OA 2  OB2
2
or E  VR  VC
2

capacitor of capacitance (C) and a resistor of

Using equations (i) and (ii), we get
resistance (R) as shown in figure (a)
2 2
C R E  I2R 2  I2XC  I R 2  XC
E E
or I  
VC VR 2 2
R  XC Z CR
From the above equations of I and E, we have
~
 1 
2
E 2
Z CR  R  XC 2  R 2
 
 
 Cw 
• Let I be the r.m.s value of current flowing through
the circuit. The potential difference across the Where Z CR is the effective opposition offered
77
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

by the CR circuit to ac, which is the impedance of • The current I lags VL by an angle  / 2 .
CR circuit.
Let  be the angle made by E with X-axis • The P.D across capacitance is VC  I . X C .
AC VC IX C • The current I leads VC by an angle  / 2 .
tan    
OA VR IR
XC I • The voltage VL and VC are represented by OB
or tan   
R CR and OC respecitvely.
In series CR circuit, emf lags behind the current
or in other words, the current is said to lead the Y
emf by an angle  given by the above equation. B
 Current in C-R series circuit is given by VL
E E
I  0 sin( wt  f )
Z CR Z CR
(or) I  I0 .sin(wt  f ) O X
I
Note:
C
• The resultant potential difference of VC and VR is VC
represented by OC Impedance of CR circuit. -Y
2 1
Z CR  R 2  X C  R 2  2 2
C The resultant P.D of VL and VC is
1
 R2  2 2 2 V  VL  VC  I  X L  X C 
4 f C
• The resultant potential difference of VC and VR is  1 
 I  L   IZLC
represented by OC For very high frequency (f)  C 
of ac. Z  R and for very low frequency of ac, • From the above equations, Impedance of
Z L -C circuit is
• Phase angle between voltage and current is
 1 
given by Z LC   L  
tan  
1

1  C 
C  R 2  fC R
As f increases, phase angle  decreases. 1
• If  L  i.e, X L  X C then VL  VC potential
L - C SERIES CIRCUIT WITH C
ALTERNATING VOLTAGE difference V  VL  VC .
• Let an alternating source of emf E  E0 sin  t is • Now current lags behind voltage by  / 2 .
connected to the series combination of a pure 1
capacitor of capacitance (C) and an inductor of • If  L  then VL  VC resultant potential
C
inductance (L) is shown in fig.
difference V   VC  VL
L C
Now current leads emf by  / 2 .
VL VC
1 1
If  L  then Z   L  0
~ C C
E
E
• Let I be the rms value of current flowing in the Current I  
circut Z
In L - C, circuit, the phase difference between
• The P.D across ‘L’ is VL  I . X L
voltage and current is always  / 2 .

78
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT

Power factor cos   cos  / 2  0 . WE-11: When 100 volt dc is applied across a coil,
a current of 1 amp flows through it; when 100
So, power consumed in L - C circuit is V ac of 50 Hz is applied to the same coil, only
P  Vrms  I rms  cos   0 0.5 amp flows. Calculate the resistance and
inductance of the coil.
 In L - C circuit no power is consumed.
Sol: In case of a coil, i.e, L - R circuit,
Note:
V
1 I  with Z  R2  X L 2  R2   L 2
• In L - C, circuit, the impendence Z   L  Z
C So when dc is applied,   0, so Z  R
E V V 100
Current I  . and hence I  , i.e, R    100
Z R I 1
and when ac of 50 Hz is applied.
So, the impedence and current varies with
frequency. V V 100
I  , i,e. Z    200
Z I 0.5
1
• At a particular angular frequency,  L  but Z  R 2   2 L2 , i.e,  2 L2  Z 2  R 2
C
2
E i.e,  2 fL   2002  1002  3  104
and current I  becomes maximum  I 0  and
Z 3  102 3
resonance occurs. L  H  0.55H
2  50 
E WE-12: A 10µF capacitor is in series with a 50
At resonance Z  0 and I 0  0   . resistance and the combination is connected
Z
to a 220V, 50 Hz line. Calculate (i) the
1 capacitive reactance, (ii) the impedance of the
Resonant angular frequency 0  circuit and (iii) the current in the circuit.
LC
Sol: Here, C  10F  10  10 6  10 5 F
1 R  50 ohm, E rms  220V,   50Hz ,
Resonant frequecny f 0  . (i) Capacitive reactance,
2 LC
WE-10: A 0.21 H inductor and a 12 ohm 1 1 1
XC    = 318.5 
resistance are connected in series to a 220 V. C 2C 2  3.14  50  10 5
(ii) Impedance of CR circuit.
50 Hz ac source. Calculate the current in the 2 2
2
circuit and the phase angle between the ZCR  R 2  X C   50    318.5   322.4
current and the source voltage . E rms 220
Sol: Here (iii) Current, I rms   = 0.68A
Z CR 322.4
X L   L  2 fL  2  50  0.21  21  WE-13: A coil has an inductance of 0.7 H and is
joined in series with a resistance of 220  .
2 2 2 2
Z  R  X L  12   21   144  4348 When an alternating e.m.f of 220 V at 50 cps
is applied to it, then the wattless component
of the current in the circuit is
V 220
Z  4492  67.01 ; I  Z  67.02  3.28 A X  L 2  50  0.7
Sol: tan   L   1
R R 220
X   21 
  tan 1  L   tan 1     45, Z  R 2  X L2  2202  2202
 R   12 
The current will lag the applied voltage by an  220 2
Wattless component of currnet  I v sin 
1  21 
angle tan  . Ev 220 1
 12   sin 45    0.5 A
Z 220 2 2
79
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

A.C THROUGH LCR SERIES CIRCUIT E

E 
• A circuit containing pure inductor ofinductance (L),  I  1 
2
2 ;
R  X L X C 
2 2
pure capacitor of capacitance (C) and resistor R   L 
 C 
of resistance (R), all joined in series, is shown
in figure. • Let  be the phase angle between E and I, then
• Let E be the r.m.s value of the applied alternating
emf to the LCR circuit. from Phasor diagram
V  VC IX L  IX C X  XC
tan   L   L
VR IR R
 1 
I  L  C 
tan    
R
 Current in L-C- R series circuit is given by
E E
• The potential difference across L, I   0 sin( w t  f )
Z Z
VL  IX L .....(i) (or) I  I 0 .sin( wt  f )

• The potential difference across C, • If XL and XC are equal then Z = R i.e.,

VC  IX C .....(ii) expression for pure resistance
• The potential difference across R, circuit.
VR  IR .....(iii) If XL = 0 then Z  R 2  X C 2 i.e., expression
PHASOR DIAGRAM for series RC circuit.
Y • Similarly if XC = 0 then Z  R 2  X L 2 i.e.
B expression for series RL circuit.
VL
D L R
(VL-VC)
Also, cos  
or
Z
E
(XL-XC) 
X
Case (i) : If X L  X C then  is +ve. In this case
O
VR or R A I
VC
the current lags behind the emf by a phase
C XL  XC 
1 
angle   Tan  R

 
-Y
Case (ii) : If X L  X C then  is -ve. In this case
• Since VL and VC are in opposite phase, so
the current leads the emf by a phase angle
their resultant (VL –VC) is represented by OD
(Here VL > VC)  X  XL 
  Tan 1  C 
• The resultant of VR and (VL–VC) is given by OL.  R 
The magnitude of OL is given by
Case (iii): If X L  X C then  is 0. In this case
2 2 2 2
OL   OA   OD ;  VR   VL  VC  the current and emf are in phase.
2
• If X L  X C , then the circuit will be inductive
 I R2   XL  XC 
E 2
• If X L  X C , then the circuit will be
Z  R2   X L  XC  capacitive
I
 Impedance (Z) of LCR circuit is given by • If X L  X C , then the circuit will be purely
Z  R2   X L  X C 
2 resistive.
• The LCR circuit can be inductive or
capacitive or purely resistive depending on
80
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
the value of frequency of alternating source WE-14: In a circuit L, C and R are connected in
of emf. series with an alternating voltage source of
• At some frequency of alternating source, frequency f. The current leads the voltage
X L  X C and for some other frequency, X L  X C .
by 45 . The value of C is :
There exists a particular value of frequency Sol: As current leads the voltage by 45 ,
where X L  X C (This situation is XC  X L
 tan    tan 45  1
explained under resonance of LCR series R
circuit )  X C  X L  R or X C  X L  R
Note:Relation between applied pd & pd’s across 1 1
the components in L - C - R circuit or  L  R  C 
C   L  R 
L C R L C R
1
C
V V V V L V V
C R
2 f  2 fL  R 
L C R

WE-15: In a series LCR circuit, the voltage across

~ the resistance, capacitance and inductance is
V E 10V each. If the capacitance is short circuited
For ‘dc’ For ‘ac’ then the voltage across the inductance w i l l
be
V = VR + VL + VC V  IZ Sol: As VR  VL  VC ; R  X L  X C
Z  R ; V  IR  10 volt
(only before steady state) When capacitor is short circuited,
2 2
 I R2   X L  X C  ;   IR  2   IX L  IX C  Z  R 2  X L2  R 2  R 2  R 2
V 2 = VR 2 + VL - VC 
2
V 10
I New current, I '  V / Z  
where VL  IX L  I  L and VC  IX C  R 2 R 2
C Potential drop across inductance
and VR = IR 10  R 10
 I ' XL  I 'R   volt
Note: Rules to be followed for various R 2 2
combinations of ac circuits 200
WE-16 : An inductance of mH . a capacitance
• Compute effective resistance of the circuit as R 
• Calculate the net reactance of the circuit as 10 3
1 of F and a resistance of 10 are
X  X L  X C where X L   L , X C  . 
C connected in series with an AC source of 220
• Resistance offered by all the circuited elements
V, 50 Hz. The phase angle of the circuit is
to the flow of ac is impedance ( Z )
200 200  103 0.2
 Z  R 2  X 2  R 2  X L  X C 
2 Sol: Here, L  mH  H H
  
E0 103
• Calculate the peak value of current as 0 I  C  F , R  10 ; Ev  220V , n  50 Hz
Z 
• The phase difference between emf & current can 0.2
be known by constructing an ac triangle as X L   L  2 nL  2  50   20 
X 
tan f 
R 1 1 
X
XC     10
X
Z sin f 
Z
C 2 nC 2  50 103
co s f 
R
tan  
 X L  X C   20  10  1   
 Z ;
R
f R 10 4

81
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

WE-17: In a series LCR circuit, R  200 , the 2

voltage and the frequency of the main supply Z  R2   X C  X L 
is 220 V and 50 Hz. respectively. On taking 2
out the capacitance from the circuit, the current  100
2 
 3   90   21.3 
lags behind the voltage by 30 .On taking out  9 
the inductor from the circuit, the current
Power dissipated / cycle  Ev I v cos 
leads the voltage by 30 . The power
2
dissipated in the LCR circuit is E R E 
 E0  v    v   R
Sol: Here, R  200, Ev  220V  Z Z  Z 
XL  15 
3
In L -R circuit, tan 30 
R    3  0.744W
 2  21.3 
X WE-19: A 750 Hertz - 20 volt source is connected
In C - R circuit, tan 30  C
R to a resistance of 100 ohm, an inductance of
X X 0.1803 henry and a cpacitance of 10 F , all in
 L  C or X L  X C
R R series. What is the tim e in which the
In L - C - R circuit, if  is the phase difference resistance (Thermal capacity  2 joule/ C )
between voltage and current, then will get heated by 10C ?
X  XC 0 Sol: Here, v  750 Hz , Ev  20V , R  100 
tan   L   0    0
R 200
L  0.1803 H , C  10 F  105 F , t  ?
i.e., current and voltage are in the same
phase.   10C , thermal capacity  2J/C
Ev2 X L   L  2 vL  2  3.14  750  0.1803
 Average power  Ev  Iv cos    0
R 1 1
XC    21.2 
2 C 2  750  105

 220 
 242 W 2
200 Z  R2   X L  X C 
WE-18: An LCR circuit has L = 10 mH. R = 3
2
ohm and C  1 F connected in series to a  1002   850  21.2   835 
source of 15 cos t volt. What is average
Power dissipated  Ev I v cos 
power dissipated per cycle at a frequecny that
is 10% lower than the resonant requency? 2
 E  R  20  100
 Ev  v      0.0574W
Sol: Here, L  102 H , R  3, C  106 F  Z  Z  835 
2

Resonant frequency,
Heat produced in resistance  2 10  20J
1 1
0    10 4 rad/s If t is the required time, then
2 6
LC 10  10
20 20
P  t  20  t    348s
Actual frequency,    90%  0 P 0.0574
 9  103 rad/s RESONANT FREQUENCY
Electrical Resonance Series L-C-R Circuit
X L   L  9  103  10 2  90  Electrical resonance is said to take place in a
1 1 1000 series LCR circuit, when the circuit allows
XC   3 6
  maximum current for a given frequency of
 C 9  10  10 9
82
JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
alternating supply, at which capacitive reactance Note: Series LCR circuit at resonance admit
becomes equal to the inductive reactance. maximum current at particular frequencies, so they
The current (I) in a series LCR circuit is given by can be used to tune the desired frequency or filter
unwanted frequencies. They are used in transmitters
E E
I  and receivers of radio, television and telephone
Z 
2
1  .....(i)
2
R  L  carrier equipment etc.
 C  RESONANCE IN L - C CIRCUIT :
From the above equation (i), it is clear that At resonance ,
current I will be maximum if the impedance (Z) a) Net reactance X = 0
of the circuit is minimum. b) X L  XC
At low frequencies, L   L  2  f is very small c) Impedance Z = 0
1 1 E0
and C   C  2  f is very large. d) peak value of current I0  
Z
1 1
At high frequencies, L is very large and is e) Resonant frequency f 0 
C 2 LC
very small. p
1 f) Voltage and current differ in phase by
For a particular frequency (f0), L   i.e. 2
C
X L  X C and the impedance (Z) of LCR circuit g) Power factor cos f  0
is minimum and is given by Z = R. RESONANCE IN L - C - R CIRCUIT :
At resonance,
Therefore, at the particular frequency ( f0 ), the a) Net reactance X = 0
current in LCR circuit becomes maximum. The b) X L  XC
frequency ( f0 ) is known as the resonant c) Impedance Z = R ( minimum )
frequency and the phenomenon is called E0 E0
d) peak value of current I0   ( maximum but
electrical resonance. Z R
not infinity )
Again, for electrical resonance (XL–Xc) = 0. 1
i.e. XL = XC e) Resonant frequency f 0 
1 1
2 LC
or L   2  f) Voltage and current will be in phase
C LC g) power factor cos   1
1 1
or     2f 0   h) Resonant frequency is independent of value of R.
LC LC i) A series L - C - R circuit behaves like a pure
1 resistive circuit at resonance.
or f 0  .....(ii)
2  LC HALF POWER FREQUENCIES AND
This is the value of resonant frequency. BAND WIDTH.
The resonant frequency is independent of the • The frequencies at which the power in the circuit
resistanace R in the circuit. However, the is half of the maximum power (The power at
sharpness of resonance decreases with the resonance) are called half power frequencies.
increase in R.
Series LCR circuit is more selective when Pmax
resistance of this circuit is small.
Y

R3>R2>R1
I0 P Pmax
P=
R1 2
R2
I
R3
.
O X 1 2 3 V
f0
f

83
84
Table for values of different parameters for different components applied to ac

Parameter R-L circuit R-C circuit L-C circuit L-C-R circuit

1) Input emf E = E0 sin t E = E0 sin t E = E0 sin t E = E0 sin t


2) Resulting current I = I0 sin (t – ) I = I0 sin (t + ) I = I0 sin t  2 I = I0 sin (t  )
ALTERNATING CURRENT

3) Resistance R R 0 R

–1 1 1
4) Net reactance X = XL = L X = XC = X = L – X = L –
C C C

2 2 2
5) Impedance Z = R2 + (L)2 1 1 1
Z = R2 + Z = L – Z = R2 + L –
C C C

E0 E0 E0 E0
6) Peak value of current I0 = Z I0 = Z I0 = Z I0 = Z

7) Phase diff. between L –1 XL – XC

 = tan–1  = tan–1  = 90°  = tan–1
E&I R RC R

8) Lead / lag I lags E by  I lags E by  If XL > XC , I Lags E If XL > XC , I lags E

by 90° by 
If XL < XC , I leads E If XL > XC , I lags E
by 90° by 
If XL = XC , E and I are If XL > XC , I lags E
in phase by 
JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
• The current in the circuit at half power frequecies VL VC 0 L 1
(HPF) is 1 2 or 0.707 or 70.7% of maximum Q  factor  V or V  R or  CR
R R 0
current (current at resonance).
• There are two half power frequencies 1 L
 Q  factor 
1  called lower half power frequency. At this R C
frequency the circuit is capacitive. WATTLESS CURRENT:
3  called upper half power frequency. It is In an ac circuit , R  0  cos   0 so

greater than  2 . At this frequency the circuit is Pav  0, i.e.., in resistanceless circuit the power
inducitve. consumed is zero, Such a circuit is called the
wattless circuit and the current flowing is
• Band width    : The difference of half power called the wattless current.
frequencies 1 and  2 is called band width Or
The component of current which does not
   and   3  1 . contribute to the average power dissipation
• For series resonant circuit it can be proved is called wattless current.
   R / L  wattless current = I rms sin 
QUALITY FACTOR (Q - FACTOR) OF CHOKE COIL:
• Choke coil (or ballast) is a device having high
SERIES RESONANT CIRCUIT.
inductance and negligible resistance.
• The characteristic of a series resonant circuit is
• It is used to control current in ac circuits and is
determined by the quality factor  Q  factor  of used in fluorescent tubes.
the circuit. • The power loss in a circuit containing choke coil
• It defines sharpness of i  v curve at resonance is least.
when Q  factor is large, the sharpness of • In a dc circuit current is reduced by means of a
[Link] resutls in a loss of electrical energy
resonance curve is more and vice - versa.
I 2 R per sec.
R=0
Q- factor =infinity Iron core
R = Very low Starter
Q- factor = large
Choke
i R = low Coil of Cu wire ~ coil
Q- factor = normal ~ L, R
R = High Choke coil Application of choke coil
Q- factor = low
• It consists of a copper coil wound over a soft
V0 V
Resonance curve iron laminated core. This coil is put in series
with the circuit in which current is to be reduced.
• Q  factor also defined as follows • Soft iron is used to improve inductance (L) of
the circuit.
Maximum energy stored
Q  factor  2  • The inductive reactance or effective opposition
energy dissipation
of the choke coil is given by X L   L  2 vL
2 Maximum energy stored • For an ideal choke coil r  0 , no electric cnergy
 
T Mean power dissipated is wasted, i.e., average power P = 0.
Resonant frequency 0 • In actual practice choke coil is equivalent to a
  R  L circuit.
Band width 

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 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

• Choke coil for different frequencies are made by WE-21 :An electric bulb has a rated power of 50
using different substances in their core. W at 100 V. If it is used on an AC source of
• For low frequency L should be large thus iron 200 V, 50 Hz, a choke has to be used in series
core choke coil is used. For high frequency ac circuit, with it. This choke should have an inductance
L Should be small, so air cored choke coil is used. of
• The choke coil can be used only in ac circuits not in Sol: Here, P  50W , V  100volt
dc circuits, because for dc frequency v  0 . Hence
P 50 V 100
X L  2 vL  0. I   0.5 A, R    200
V 100 I 0.5
• Choke coil is based on the principle of wattless Let L be the inductance of the choke coil
current.
E E 200
E  I v  v  or Z  v   400 
• The current in the circuit I  with Z Iv 0.5
Z
2 2 Now X L  Z 2  R 2  4002  200 2
Z   R  r    L  .
• The power loss in the choke
 L  100  2 3
pav  Vrms I rms cos   0 200 3 200 3 200 3 2  1.732
L     1.1H
 2 v 100 3.14
r r r LC OSCILLATIONS
as cos   Z  2 
L
0
r  L2 2 A capacitor (C) and an inductor (L) are
WE-20: An ideal choke coil takes a current of 8 connected as shown in the figure. Initially the
ampere when connected to an AC supply of charge on the capacitor is Q
100 volt and 50 Hz. A pure resistor under the
same conditions takes a current of 10 ampere.
If the two are connected to an AC supply of
150 volts and 40 Hz. then the current in a
series combination of the above resistor and
inductor is
Sol: For pure inductor,
Q2
E0 100 25  Energy stored in the capacitor U E 
XL     2C
Iv 8 2 The energy stored in the inductor, UB = 0.
The capacitor now begins to discharge through
25 25 25 1 the inductor and current begins to flow in the
L  ;L    H
2 2 2  2  50 8 circuit. As the charge on the capacitor decreases,
1 2
V 100 U E decreases but the energy U B  LI in the
R   10 2
I 10 magnetic field of the inductor increases. Energy
For the combination, the supply is 150 v, 40 is thus transferred from capacitor to inductor.
Hz When the whole of the charge on the capacitor
disappears, the total energy stored in the electric
1 field in the capacitor gets converted into
 X L   L  2  40   10
8 magnetic field energy in the inductor. At this
stage, there is maximum current in the inductor.
Z  X L2  R 2  102  10 2  10 2ohm Energy now flows from inductor to the capacitor
except that the capacitor is charged oppositely.
Ev 150 15 This process of energy transfer continues at a
Iv   A A
Z 10 2 2 definite frequency (v). Energy is continuosly
shuttled back and forth between the electric field

86
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
in the capacitor and the magnetic field in the
1  V
inductor. * In L - C oscilations  tells us the potential
If no resistance is present in the LC circuit, the C  q 
LC oscillation will continue infinitely as shown. difference required to store a unit charge
 F
+q0 * In a mechanical oscillation K    tells us the
t x
-q0
external force requred to produce a unit
displacement of mass
However in an actual LC circuit, some resistance * In L - C oscillations current is the analogous
is always present due to which energy is quantity for velocity of the mass in mechanical
dissipated in the form of heat. So LC oscillation oscillations
will not continue infinitely with same amplitude * In L - C oscillations energy stored in capacitor
as shown. is analagous to potential energy in mechanical
+q0
oscillations
* In L - C oscillations energy stored in inductor is
t
analogous to kinetic energy of the mass in
-q0 mechanical oscillations
Let q be the charge on the capacitor at any * In L - C oscillations maximum charge on
capacitor q 0 is analogous to amplitude in
di mechanical oscillations
time t and be the rate of change of current.
dt *  As Vmax = A  in mechanical oscillations,
Since no battery is connected in the circuit, I 0  q0 0 in L- C oscillations
q di dq
 L.  0 Analogies between Mechanical and Electrical Quantities
c dt but i   Mecha nical System Electrical System
dt
from the above equations, we get Mass m Inductance L
q d 2q d 2q 1 Force constant k Reciprocal capacitance 1/C
L 2 0 2  q0 Displacement x Charge q
C dt dt LC Velocity v = dx/dt Current I = dq/dt
d2 x Mechnical energy Electromagnetic
The above equation is analogus to 2
 2 x = 0 energy
dt
(differential equation of S.H.M)
Energy of LC Oscillations: Let q0 be the
2 1 1 initial charge on a capacitor. Let the charged
Hence on comparing   
LC LC capacitor be connected to an inductor of
1 1 induct ance L. LC ciruit will sust ain an
2f   f  1
LC 2 LC oscillations with frequency (  2 f  )
The charge therefore oscillates with a frequency LC
1 At an instant t, charge q on the capacitor and the
f  and varies sinusoidally with time. current i are given by; q(t )  q0 cos t ;
2 LC
i   q0 sin t
COMPARISON OF L - C OSCILLATIONS Energy stored in the capacitor at time t is
WITH SHM : The L - C oscillations can be
compared to S.H.M of a block attached to a 1 1 q 2 q02
U E  CV 2   cos2 (t )
spring 2 2 C 2C
1 Energy stored in the inductor at time t is
* In L - C oscillations  0  1
LC U M  Li 2
2
K
* In Mechanical oscillations  0  where K 1 2 2 2 q2 1
m  Lq0  sin t   0 sin 2 (t )(  2  )
2 2C LC
is the spring constant
Sum of energies
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 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

q02 q2 Pout Vs is
UE UM  (cos 2 t  sin 2  t )  0 \ i.e.,  %  P  100  V i  100
2C 2C in P P

As q0 and C, both are time independent, this • For an ideal transformer Pout  Pin so
sum of energies stored in capacitor and induc   100% (But efficiency of practical transformer
tor is constant in time. Note that it is
lies between 70% - 90 %)
equal to the initial energy of the capacitor.
TRANSFORMER For practical transformer Pin  Pout  Plosses
• A transformer works on the principle of mutual P
out
induction. So   P  100
•` It is a static device that is used to increase or in

decrease the voltage in an AC circuit. Pout  P  PL  100

• On a laminated iron core two insulated copper   100  in
coils called primary and secondary are wound.  Pout  PL  Pin
• Primary is connected to an alternating source of • In an ideal transformer the input power is equal to
emf, By mutual induction, an emf is induced in the output power. V1I1 = V2 I2
the secondary. The efficiency of an ideal transformer is 100%.
VOLTAGE RATIO: LOSSES IN A TRANSFORMER:
• If V1 and V2 are the primary and secondary • The losses in a transformer are divided in to two
voltages in a transformer, N1 and N2 are the types. They are copper losses and iron losses.
number of turns in the primary and secondary
• The loss of energy that occurs in the copper coils
V1 N1 of the transformer (i.e. primary and secondary coils)
coils of the transformer, then  .
V2 N2 is called ‘copper losses’. These are nothing but joule
• In a transformer the voltage per turn is the same heating losses where electrical energy is converted
in primary and secondary coils. in to heat energy.
• The ratio N2/N1 is called transformation ratio. The loss of energy that occurs in the iron core of
• The voltage ratio is the same as the ratio of the the transformer (i.e. hysteresis loss and eddy current
number of turns on the two coils. loss) is called ‘iron losses’.
CURRENT RATIO: MINIMIZING THE LOSSES IN A
• If the primary and secondary currents are I1 and TRANSFORMER:
I 2 respectively, then for ideal transformer • The core of a transformer is laminated and each
V2 I1 N lamination is coated with a paint of insulation to
  2 . reduce the ‘eddy current’ losses.
V1 I 2 N1
• In an ideal transformer the ampere turns are the • By choosing a material with narrow ‘hysteresis
same in primary and secondary coils. loop’ for the core, the hysteresis losses are
minimized.
• If N s  N P voltage is stepped up, then the Uses of transformer:
transformer is called step - up transformer. • A transformer is used in almost all ac operations,
• If N s  N P voltage is stepped down, then the e.g
transformer is called step - down transformer. • In voltage regulators for TV, refrigerator, computer,
• In step - up transformer, VS  VP and I S  I P air conditioner etc.
• In the induction furnaces.
• In step - down transformer, VS  VP and I S  I P
• Step down transformer is used for welding
• Frequency of input a.c is equal to frequency of purposes.
output a.c
• In the transmission of ac over long distnace.
• Transformation of voltage, is not possible with
d.c • Step down and step up transformers are used in
EFFICIENCY OF TRANSFORMER ( ) electical power distribution.
Effeiciency is defined as the ratio of output • Audio Frequency transformers are used in
power and input power. radiography, television, radio, telephone etc.
output power • Radio frequency transformers are used in radio
Efficiency  communication.
input power
88
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
WE- 22: A transformer having efficiency 90% is
working on 100 V and at 2.0 kW power. If the
C. U. Q
current in the secondary coil is 5A, calculate INSTANTANEOUS, PEAK,R.M.S &
(i) the current in the primary coil and (ii) AVERAGE VALUES OF A.C AND A.V
voltage across the secondary coil. 1. In an ac circuit the current
9 1) is in phase with the voltage
Sol: Here   90%  , I s  5A , E p  100V, 2) leads the voltage
10
3) lags the voltage
(i) E p I p  2kW  2000W 4) any of the above depending on t he
2000 2000 circumstances
Ip  or I p   20A
2. The average e.m.f during the positive half
Ep 100
cycle of an a.c. supply of peak value E0 is
Output power E s I s
(ii)    or E s Is   E p I p 1) E0 /  2) E0 / 2 3) E0 / 2 4) 2 E0 / 
Input power Ep Ip
3. Alternating current is transmitted to distant
9
  2000  1800W
places at
10 1) high voltage and low current
1800 1800 2) high voltage and high current
 Es    360 volt 3) low voltage and low current
Is 5
4) low voltage and high current
WE-23:A step up transformer operates on a 230 4. In case of a.c circuit, Ohm’s law holds good
V line and a load current of 2 ampere. The for
ratio of the primary and secondary windings a) Peak values of voltage and current
is 1 : 25. What is the current in the primary ? b) Effective values of voltage and current
Sol: Using the relation c) Instantaneous values of voltage and current
1) only a is true 2) only a and b are true
NP I N I
 S ; IP  S S 3) only c is true 4) a, b and c are true
NS IP NP 5. In case of AC circuits the relation V = i Z,
Here N p / Ns  1 / 25 (or) Ns / N p  25 / 1 = 25 where Z is impedance, can directly applied to
and IS = 2A 1) peak values of voltage and current only
2) rms values of voltage and current only
Current in primary, I P  25 2  50A 3) instantaneous values of voltage and current
SKIN EFFECT: only
• A direct current flows uniformly throughout the 4) both 1 and 2 are true
cross section of the conductor. 6. Alternating current can not be measured by
• An alternaitng current, on the other hand, flows direct current meters, because
mainly along the surface of the conductor. This 1) alternating current can not pass through an
ammeter
effect is known as skin effect.
2) the average value of current for complete cycle
• When alternating current flows through a is zero
conductor, the flux changes in the inner part of 3) some amount of alternating current is
the conductor are higher. destroyed in the ammeter
• Therefore, the inductance of the inner part is 4) peak value of current is zero
higher than that of the outer part. Higher the 7. The r.m.s. value of potential due to
frequency of alternating current, more is the skin superposition of given two alternating
effect. potentials E1 = E0 sin t and E2 = E0 cos t
• The depth upto which ac current flows through a will be
wire is called skin depth   . 1) E0 2) 2E0 3) E 0 2 4) Zero
8. If the instantaneous values of current is
VR2 I  2 cos(t  ) A in a circuit, the r.m.s. value
R  R  VR2
PR of current in ampere will be
VR  rated voltage, PR  rated power  1) 2 2) 2 3) 2 2 4) zero

89
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
9. If a capacitor is connected to two different A.C. 16. The phase angle between current and voltage
generators, then the value of capacitive in a purely inductive circuit is
reactance is 1) zero 2)  3)  / 4 4)  / 2
1) directly proportional to frequency 17. Ratio of impedence to capacitive reactance
2) inversely proportional to frequency has
3) independent of frequency 1) no units 2) ohm 3) ampere 4) tesla
4) inversely proportional to the square of 18. An inductor coil having some resistance is
frequency connected to an AC source. Which of the
10. In general in an alternating current circuit following have zero average value over a
1) the average value of current is zero cycle
2) the average value of square of the current is 1) induced emf in the inductor only
zero 2) current only 3) both 1 and 2 4) neither 1 nor 2
3) average power dissipation is zero 19. The current does not rise immediately in a
4) the phase difference between voltage and circuit containing inductance
current is zero 1) because of induced emf
A.C ACROSS R-L,R-C,L-C & 2) because of high voltage drop
L-C-R SERIES CIRCUIT 3) both 1 and 2 4) because of joule heating
11. The magnitude of induced e.m.f in an LR 20. In an AC circuit containing only capacitance
circuit at break of circuit as compared to its the current
value at make of circuit will be 1) leads the voltage by 180º
1) less 2) more 2) lags the voltage by 90º
3) some times less and some times more 3) leads the voltage by 90º
4) nothing can be said 4) remains in phase with the voltage
12. The emf and current in a circuit are such that 21. A bulb is connected first with dc and then ac
of same [Link] it will shine brightly with
E = E0 sin  t and I = I0 sin ( t   ) . This AC 1) AC 2) DC 3) Equally with both
circuit contains. 4) Brightness will be in ratio 1/14
1) R and L 2) R and C 3) only R 4) only C 22. A capacitor of capacity C is connected in A.C.
13. The correct graph between the resistance of circuit. If the applied emf is V = V0 sin t ,
a conductor with frequency is then the current is
1) Y 2) Y
V0 V0  
R R 1) I  sin t 2) I
C
sin  t  
2
L 
 
f X f X
3) I  V0 C sin t 4) I  V0C sin  t  2 
 
23. At low frequency a condenser offers
Y Y 1) high impedance 2) low impedance
3) 4) 3) zero impedance
R R 4) impedance of condenser is independent of
frequency
f X f X 24. Statement ( A ) : The reactance offered by
14. Same current is flowing in two alternating an inductance in A.C. circuit decreases with
circuits. The first circuit contains only increase of AC frequency.
inductance and the other contains only a Statement ( B ) : The reactance offered by a
capacitor. If the frequency of the e.m.f. is capacitor in AC circuit increases with increase
increased, the current will of AC frequency.
1) increase in first circuit and decrease in the 1) A is true but B is false
other 2) Both A and B are true
2) increase in both circuits 3) A is false but B is true
3) decrease in both circuits 4) Both A and B are false
4) decrease in first circuit and increase in the 25. Statement ( A ) : With increase in frequency
other of AC supply inductive reactance increases.
15. When an a.c source is connected across a Statement ( B ) : With increase in frequency
resistor of AC supply capacitive reactance increase
1) The current leads the voltage in phase 1) A is true but B is false
2) The current lags behind the voltage in phase 2) Both A and B are true
3) The current and voltage are in same phase 3) A is false but B is true
4) The current and voltage are out of phase 4) Both A and B are false
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 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
26. In an A.C circuit having resistance and 32. In series L - C - R resonant circuit, to increase
capacitance the resonant frequency
1) emf leads the current 1) L will have to be increased
2) current lags behind the emf 2) C will have to be increased
3) both the current and emf are in phase 3) LC will have to be decreased
4) current leads the emf. 4) LC will have to be increased
27. Select the correct options among the 33. If in a series L - C - R ac circuit, the voltages
following: In an R-C circuit across R, L, C are V1 ,V2 ,V3 respectively.
a) instantaneous A.C is given by Then the voltage of applied AC source is
I = I0sin ( wt   ) always equal to
b) the alternating current in the circuit leads 1) V1 +V2 +V3 2) V12  (V2  V3 )2
the emf by a phase angle  .
2 2
3) V1 -V2 -V3 4) V12  (V2  V3 ) 2
c) Its impedance is R  ( c)
34. In non-resonant circuit, the nature of circuit
d) Its capacitive reactance is  c for frequencies greater than the resonant
1) a, b are ture 2) b, c, d are true frequency is
3) c, d are true 4) a, c are true 1) resistive 2) capacitive
28. If the frequency of alternating e.m.f. is f in L- 3) inductive 4) both 1 and 2
C-R circuit, then the value of impedance Z 35. The phase difference between voltage and
will change with log (frequency) as current in an LCR series circuit is
1) increases 1) zero always 2)  / 4 always
2) increases and then becomes equal to 3)  4) between 0 and  / 2
resistance, then it will start decreasing 36. In an LCR a.c circuit at resonance, the
3) decreases and when it becomes minimum current
equal to the resistance then it will start increasing 1) Is always in phase with the voltage
4) go on decreasing 2) Always leads the voltage
29. An inductance and resistance are connected 3) Always lags behind the voltage
in series with an A.C circuit. In this circuit 4) May lead or lag behind the voltage
1) the current and P.d across the resistance lead 37. An inductance L and capacitance C and
P.d across the inductance by  /2 resistance R are connected in series across
2) the current and P.d across the resistance lags an AC source of angular frequency  . If
behind the P.d across the inductance by angle 1
 /2 2  then
LC
3) The current across resistance leads and the 1) emf leads the current
P.d across resistance lags behind the P.d across 2) both the emf and the current are in phase
the inductance by  /2 3) current leads the emf
4) the current across resistance lags behind and 4) emf lags behind the current
the P.d across the resistance leads the P.d across 38. Consider the following two statements A and
the inductance by  /2 B and identify the correct answer.
30. An LCR circuit is connected to a source of A) At resonance of L - C - R series circuit, the
alternating current. At resonance, the applied reactance of circuit is minimum.
voltage and the current flowing through the B) The reactance of a capacitor in an A.C
circuit will have a phase difference of circuit is similar to the resistance of a
1)  / 4 2) zero 3)  4)  / 2 capacitor in a D.C. circuit
31. The incorrect statement for L-R-C series 1) A is true but B is false
circuit is 2) Both A and B are true
1) The potential difference across the resistance 3) A is false but B is true
and the appleid e.m.f. are always in same phase 4) Both A and B are false
2) The phase difference across inductive coil is 39. Choose the wrong statement of the following.
90 0 1) The peak voltage across the inductor can be
3) The phase difference between the potential less than the peak voltage of the source in an
difference across capacitor and potential LCR circuit
difference across inductance is 90 0 2) In a circuit containing a capacitor and an ac
4) The phase difference between potential source the current is zero at the instant source
difference across capacitor and potential voltage is maximum
0
difference across resistance is 90
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 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

3) When an AC source is connected to a 48. A step up transformer is connected on the primary

capacitor,then the rms current in the circuit gets side to a rechargable battery which can deliver a
increased if a dielectric slab is inserted into the large current. If a bulb is connected in the
capacitor. secondary, then
4) In a pure inductive circuit emf will be in phase 1) the bulb will glow very bright
with the current. 2) the bulb will get fused
40. The essential difference between a d.c. 3) the bulb will glow, but with less brightness
dynamo and an a.c. dynamo is that 4) the bulb will not glow
49. The ratio of primary voltage to secondary
1) a.c. has an electromagnet but d.c. has a voltage in a transformer is ‘n’. The ratio of
permanent magnet the primary current to secondary current in
2) a.c. will generate a higher voltage the transformer is
3) [Link] slip rings but the d.c. has a commutator 1) n 2) 1/n 3) n2 4) 1/n2
4) a.c. dynamo has a coil wound on soft iron, 50. In a step down transformer, the number of
but the d.c. dynamo has a coil wound on copper turns in the primary is always
41. The unit of impedence is 1) greater than the number of turns in the
1) ohm 2) mho 3) ampere 4) volt secondary
42. The power factor of a.c. circuit having L and 2) less than the number of turns in the secondary
R connected in series to an a.c. source of 3) equal to the number of turns in the secondary
angular frequency  is given by 4) either greater than or less than the number of
turns in the secondary
R 2  2L2 R L R 51. The transformer ratio of a step up transformer
1) 2) 3) 4) is
R R 2  2 L2 R L
43. The capacitor offers zero resistance to 1) greater than one 2) less than one
1) D.C. only 2) A.C. & D.C. 3) less than one and some times greater than one
4) greater than one and some times less than one
3) A.C. only 4) neither A.C. nor D.C.
52. A stepup transformer develops 400V in
44. Power factor is defined as secondary coil for an input of 200V A.C. Then
1) apparent power/true power the type of transformer is
2) true power/apparent power 1) Steped down 2) Steped up 3) Same
3) true power (apparent power)2 4) Same but with reversed direction
4) true power x apparent power 53. Assertion(A) : If changing current is flowing
TRANSFORMER through a machine with iron parts, results in
45. The core of a transformer is laminated so that loss of energy.
1) energy loss due to eddy currents may be Reason(R): Changing magnetic flux through
reduced an area of the iron parts causes eddy currents.
1)Both A and R are individually true and R is
2) rusting of the core may be prevented the correct explanation of A
3) change in flux may be increased 2)Both A and R are individually true but R is
4) ratio of voltage in the primary to that in the not the correct explanation of A
secondary may be increased 3)A is true but R is false
46. A step up transformer is used to 4)Both A and R are false
1) increase the current and increase the voltage 54. Transformers are used in
2) decrease the current and increase the voltage 1) d.c circuits only 2) a.c. circuits only
3) increase the current and decrease the voltage 3) Both a.c and d.c circuits 4) Integrated circuits.
4) decrease the current and decrease the voltage 55. The magnitude of the e.m.f. across the
47. A transformer changes the voltage secondary of a transformer does not depend
1) without changing the current and frequency on
2) without changing the current but changes the 1) The number of the turns in the primary
frequency 2) The number of the turns in the secondary
3) without changing the frequency but changes the 3) The magnitude of the e.m.f applied across the
current primary
4)The resistance of the primary and the
4) without changing the frequency as well as the
secondary
current
92
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
56. For an ideal transformer ratio of output to the capacitive reactance equals inductive reactance
input power is always 1
1) greater than one 2) equal to one 4) current will be leading voltage if   LC
3) less than one 4) zero 64. The value of current in two series L C R
57. Consider the following two statements A and circuits at resonance is same when connected
B and identify the correct answer. across a sinusoidal voltage source. Then
A) In a transformer a large alternating 1) both circuits must be having same value of
current at low voltage can be transformed into capacitance and inductance
a small alternating current at high voltage 2) in both circuits ratio of L and C will be same
B) Energy in current carrying coil is stored in
the form of magnetic field. 3) for both the circuits X L / X C must be same at
1) A is true but B is false that frequency
2) Both A and B are true 4) both circuits must have same impedance at
3) A is false but B is true all frequencies
4) Both A and B are false 65. When an AC source of emf e  E0 sin 100t 
58. Statement ( A ) : Flux leakage in a
is connected across a circuit, the phase
transformer can be minimized by winding the
difference betwen the emf e and the current
primary and secondary coils one over the
other. 
i in the circuit is observed to be ahead,If
Statement ( B ) : Core of the transformer is 4
made of soft iron the circuit consists possibly of R  C or
59. Statement (A ) : In high current low voltage
windings of a transformer thick wire is used R  L or L  C in series, find the relationship
to minimize energy loss due to heat produced between the two elements:
Statement ( B ) : The core of any transformer 1) R  1k , C  10  F 2) R  1k , C  1 F
is laminated so as to reduce the energy loss 3) R  1k , L  10 H 4) R  1k , L  1H
due to eddy currents 66. An AC voltage source of variable angular
60. Statement ( A ) : Step up transformer
converts low voltage, high current to high frequency  and fixed amplitude V0 is
voltage, low current connected in series with a capacitance C and
Statement (B) : Transformer works on both an electric bulb of resistance R (inductance
ac and dc zero). When  is increased
61. To reduce the iron losses in a transformer, the 1) the bulb glows dimmer
core must be made of a material having 2) the bulb glows brighter
1) low permeability and high resistivity 3) total impendance of the circuit is unchanged
2) high permeability and high resistivity 4) total impendance of the circuit increases
3) low permeability and low resistivity ASSERTION & REASON
4) high permeability and low resistivity
62. Maximum efficiency of a transformer depends 1) Both Assertion and Reason are true and
on Reason is the correct explanation of
1) the working conditions of technicians. Assertion.
2) weather copper loss =1/2 x iron loss 2) Both Assertion and Reason are true but
3) weather copper loss = iron loss Reason is not the correct explanation of
4) weather copper loss =2 x iron loss Assertion.
63. For a LCR series circuit with an A.C. source 3) Assertion is true but Reason is false
of angular frequency  4) Assertion is false but Reason is true
67. Assertion (A): The average value of
1
1) circuit will be capacitive if   <sin 2t  is zero.
LC
Reason (R): The average value of function
1
2) circuit will be inductive if   1 T
LC F  t  over a period T is  F  t    F  t dt
T 0
3) power factor of circuit will be unity if
NARAYANA GROUP 93
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
68. Assertion (A): If current varies sinusoidally C. U. Q - KEY
the average power consumed in a cycle is
zero. 1) 4 2) 4 3) 1 4) 2 5) 4 6) 2 7) 1
Reason (R): If current varies sinusoidally the 8) 2 9) 2 10) 1 11) 2 12) 1 13) 1 14) 4
average power consumed is zero 15) 3 16) 4 17) 1 18) 3 19) 3 20) 3 21) 3
69. Assertion (A) : The power consumed in an 22) 4 23) 1 24) 4 25) 1 26) 4 27) 1 28) 3
electric circuit is never negative 29) 2 30) 2 31) 3 32) 3 33) 4 34) 3 35) 4
Reason (R) : The average power consumed 36) 1 37) 1 38) 1 39) 4 40) 3 41) 1 42) 2
V2 43) 4 44) 2 45) 1 46) 2 47) 3 48) 4 49) 2
in an electric circuit is P = = I2 R 50) 1 51) 1 52) 2 53) 1 54) 2 55) 4 56) 2
R
70. Assertion (A): The inductive reactance limits 57) 2 58) 4 59) 2 60) 1 61) 2 62) 3 63) 3
the current in a purely inductive circuit in the 64) 3 65) 1 66) 2 67) 4 68) 4 69) 1 70) 2
same way as the resistance circuit. 71) 4 72) 1 73) 1 74) 2 75) 1 76) 1
Reason (R): The inductive reactance is C. U. Q - HINTS
directly proportional to the inductance and to
the frequency of the varying current. 67.  sin 2  t  1/ 2
71. Assertion (A) : An ac emf which oscillates
symmetrically about zero, the current it 1 2
68.  P  im R
sustains also oscillates symmetrically about 2
zero. 69. I is scalar in Joules heating effect is independent
Reason (R): In any circuit element, current is an direction of current.
always in the phase with voltage V V
72. Assertion (A): A lamp is connected in series 70. I  X & i  R X L   L  2 vL
with a capacitor and ac source connected L
across their terminals consequently current 
flow in the circuit and the lamp will shine. 71. In inductor current lags the voltage by
Reaosn(R): capacitor block dc current and 2
allow ac current 
73. Assertion (A): An electric lamp is connected In capcitor current leads the voltage by
2
in series with a long solenoid of copper with
air core and then connected to AC source. If 1
an iron rod is inserted in solenoid the lamp 72. X C 
2 fC
will become dim.
Reason (R): If iron rod is inserted in solenoid, for dc f  0 then X L  
the induction of solenoid increases. for ac f  0 then X C  finite
74. An inductor, capacitor and resistance
connected in series. The combination is 73. L  r
connecte across AC source. more voltage is present across inductor
Assertion (A): Peak current through each so less voltage across bulb
remains same 74. In series current is same, inductor and capacitor
Reason (R) : Average power delivered by does not consume power
source is equal to average power consumed 75. At resonance X L  X C and frequency
by resistance.
75. Assertion (A): when frequency is greater than 1 1
resonance frequency in a series LCR circuit, f0  If f  f0 then X L  X C , so it
it will be an inductive circuit. 2 LC
Reason (R): Resultant voltage will lead the will be an inductive circuit. AC current must lag
current AC voltage.
76. Assertion (A): Maximum power is dessipated 2
76. At resonance P  I max R and VL and VC are out
in a circuit (through R) in resonance
Reason (R) : At resonance in a series LCR of phase. I max is due to Z min  R which is due
circuit, the voltage across indcutor and to out of phase of VL and VC .
capacitor are out of phase.

94
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
9. A steady P.D. of 10V produces heat at a rate
LEVEL-I (C.W) 'x' in resistor. The peak value of A.C. voltage
which will produce heat at rate of x/2 in same
INSTANTANEOUS, PEAK,R.M.S & resistor is
AVERAGE VALUES OF A.C AND A.V 1) 5 V 2) 5 2 V 3) 10 V 4) 10 2 V
1. The r.m.s. value of an a.c. of 50 Hz is 10 A. 10. An alternating voltage of E  200 2 sin(100t)V
The time taken by the alternating current in is connected to a condenser of 1  F through
reaching from zero to maximum value and the an A.C. ammeter. The reading of the ammeter
peak value of current will be will be
1) 2 102 sec and 14.14 A 2) 110 2 sec and 7.07 A 1) 10 mA 2) 40 mA 3) 80 mA 4) 20 mA
3) 5 10 3 sec and 7.07 A 4) 5 10 3 sec and 14.14 A 11. The inductance of a coil is 0.70 henry. An A.C.
2. An inductor has a resistance R and inductance source of 120 volt is connected in parallel with
L. It is connected to an A.C. source of e.m.f it. If the frequency of A.C. is 60Hz, then the
EV and angular frequency  , then the current current which is flowing in inductance will be
I in the circuit is 1) 4.55 A 2) 0.355 A 3) 0.455 A 4) 3.55 A
v

EV E EV 2
 EV   EV 
2 TRANSFORMER
1) 2) V 3) 4) 
 R   L  12. A transformer steps up an A.C. voltage from
L R R 2  2 L2    
230 V to 2300 V. If the number of turns in the
3. The peak voltage of 220 Volt AC mains (in Volt) secondary coil is 1000, the number of turns in
is the primary coil will be
1) 155.6 2) 220.0 3) 311 4) 440.0 1) 100 2) 10,000 3) 500 4) 1000
4. The peak value of A.C. is 2 2A . It’s apparent 13. The transformer ratio of a transformer is 5. If
value will be the primary voltage of the transformer is 400
1) 1A 2) 2A 3) 4A 4) zero V, 50 Hz, the secondary voltage will be
5. Alternating current in circuit is given by 1) 2000 V, 250 Hz 2) 80 V, 50 Hz
I  I 0 sin 2 nt . Then the time taken by the 3) 80 V, 10 Hz 4) 2000 V, 50 Hz
current to rise from zero to r.m.s. value is equal 14. A step-up transformer works on 220V and gives
to 2 A to an external resistor. The turn ratio between
the primary and secondary coils is 2:25.
1) 1/2n 2) 1/n 3) 1/4n 4) 1/8n
Assuming 100% efficiency, find the secondary
6. Using an A.C. voltmeter the potential
voltage, primary current and power delivered
difference in the electrical line in a house is respectively
read to be 234 volt. If the line frequency is 1) 2750 V, 25 A, 5500 W 2) 2750 V, 20 A, 5000 W
known to be 50 cycles/second, the equation for 3) 2570 V, 25 A, 550 W 4) 2750 V, 20 A, 55 W
the line voltage is
1) V = 165 sin(100 t ) 2) V = 331 sin(100 t )
A.C ACROSS L-R, L-C &
L-C-R SERIES CIRCUITS
3) V = 220 sin(100 t ) 4) V = 440 sin(100 t )
1
7. A mixer of 100 resistance is connected to 15. A coil of self - inductance    H is connected
 
an A.C. source of 200V and 50 cycles/sec. The in series with a 300  resistance. A voltage of
value of average potential difference across 200V at frequency 200Hz is applied to this
the mixer will be combination. The phase difference between
1) 308V 2) 264V 3) 220V 4) zero the voltage and the current will be
A.C ACROSS PURE RESISTOR, 1  4  1  3  1  1  5
1) tan 2) tan 3) tan 4) tan 1  
INDUCTOR & CAPACITOR  
3
 
4
 
4 4
8. The equation of an alternating voltage is 16. A condenser of 10 F and an inductor of 1H
E=220 sin(t   / 6) and the equation of the are connected in series with an A.C. source of
current in the circuit is I=10 sin( t   / 6) . frequency 50Hz. The impedance of the
Then the impedance of the circuit is combination will be (take  2  10 )
1) 10 ohm 2) 22 ohm 3) 11 ohm 4) 17 ohm 1) zero 2) Infinity 3) 44.7  4) 5.67 

95
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

17. A 100 km telegraph wire has capacity of 23. The voltage time (V - t) graph for triangular
0.02 F / km , if it carries an alternating current wave having peak value V0 is as shown in
of frequency 5 kHZ. The value of an figure.
inductance required to be connected in series
so that the impedence is minimum.
1) 50.7mH 2) 5.07mH 3) 0.507mH 4) 507mH
18. In an LCR series circuit the rms voltages
across R, L and C are found to be 10 V, 10 V
and 20 V respectively. The rms voltage across
the entire combination is
The rms value of V in time interval from t  0
1) 30 V 2) 1 V 3) 20V 4) 10 2 V
T
19. In the circuit shown, a 30V d.c. source gives a to is
4
current 2.0 A as recorded in the ammeter A
and 30V a.c. source of frequency 100Hz gives V0 V V0
1) 2) 0 3) 4) 2Vo
a current 1.2A. The inductive reactance is 3 2 2
R L
LEVEL-I (C.W) - KEY
1) 4 2) 3 3) 3 4) 2 5) 4 6) 2 7) 4
8) 2 9) 3 10) 4 11) 3 12) 1 13) 4 14) 1
A
15) 1 16) 1 17) 3 18) 4 19) 2 20) 3 21) 4
1) 10 ohm 2) 20 ohm 3) 5 34 ohm 4) 40 ohm
22) 3 23) 1
20. A choke coil has negligible resistance. The
alternating potential drop across it is 220 volt LEVEL-I (C.W) - HINTS
and the current is 5mA. The power consumed 1 T
is 1. i0  2irms , T  ,t 
f 4
5 220
1) 220  W 2) W E0
1000 5 2. i , X L  L
3) zero 4) 2.20 x 5W R  X L2
2

21. In an A.C. circuit, the instantaneous values of

3. V0  2 .Vr .m.s .  2  200  311 volt
e.m.f. and current are E = 200 sin 314t volt
and I  sin(314t   / 3) ampere then the I0
4. I rms 
average power consumed in watts is 2
1) 200 2) 100 3) 0 4) 50 T 1
22. In a black box of unkown elements (L, C or R 5. t 
4 4f
or any other combination) an AC voltage
6. E  E0 sin  t ; voltage read is r.m.s. value
E  E 0 sin( t   ) is applied and current in the
circuit was found to be i  i0 sin(t     /4) . E0  2  234V  331 volt
Then the unknown elements in the box may and  t  2 n t  2  50  t  100  t
be Thus, the eqn of line voltage is given by
Z V = 331 sin(100 t )
7. For one complete rotation, average voltage is zero
E0
8. Z
I0
1) only capacitor 2) both inductor and resistor v2 v2 x v
3) either capacitor, resistor and inductor or only 9.  x, 1   v1 
R R 2 2
capacitor and resistor
4) only resistor  in the second case Vrms= V1  V0 = 2 V1

96
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT

rmsE 0 E C
10. Irms  X  2 LEVEL-I (H.W)
C
11. XL = 2 fl  6.28  60  0.70  263.76
INSTANTANEOUS, PEAK,R.M.S &
V 120 AVERAGE VALUES OF A.C AND A.V
I   0.455 A
X L 263.76 1. For a given AC source the average emf during
n s Vs the positive half cycle
12. n  V 1) depends on E0
p p
2) depends on shape of wave
Vs 3) both 1 and 2
13. Frequency remains same. V  5
p 4) depends only on peak value of E0
Es N s i p 2. An alternating emf given by V  V0 Sin  t has
14. E  N  i , P  Esis peak value 10 volt and frequency 50 Hz. The
p p s
1
2 fL
f
1 instantaneous emf at t  s is
15. tan   , 600
R 2 LC
 1
1) 10 V 2) 5 3V 3) 5 V 4) 1V
16. Z   2 fL  2 fC  3. The equation of A.C. of frequency 75Hz, if it’s
 
RMS value is 20A is
1 1 1
17.   L 2  1) I  20Sin 150 t  2) I  20 2 Sin 150 t 
LC  C (2 n) 2 C
20
2 3) I  Sin 150 t  4) I  20 2 Sin  75 t 
18. V  VR2  VL  VC  2
4. The voltage of an A.C. source varies with time
V 30
19. When d.c. source, R    15 according to the equation V  50sin100 t cos100 t ,
I 2 where 't' is in sec and 'V' is in volt. Then
30 1) The peak voltage of the source is 100 V
When a.c. source, Z   25
1.2 2) The peak voltage of the source is 100 / 2V
X L  (25) 2  (15) 2  625  225  20 3) The peak voltage of the source is 25 V
4) The frequency of the source is 50 Hz
20. Average power is zero 5. The form factor for a sinusoidal A.C. is
1 200 1) 2 2 :  2)  : 2 2 3) 2 : 1 4) 1 : 2
21. Pavg  Irms Erms cos   cos 60
2 2 6. At resonance the peak value of current in L-
50W C-R series circuit is
22. Here current leads the voltage. So, there is E0
reactance which is capacitive 1) E0/R 2) 2
 1 
 X  X C  X L or X  X C alone besides R R 2   L  
 C 
23. Ans : (a)
E0
E0
V t 4V t 3) 4)
V 0  0 2 2R
T T  1 
2 R 2   2 L  2 2 
4 C 

T 4  7. In an AC circuit, the rms value of the current,
 2  I rms is related to the peak current I 0 as
 t dt 
4V0  0

 V0
  T  1 1
Vrms  V2 T  4  3 1) I rm s  I0 2) I rms  I0
  2
dt 

  3) I rms  2I0 4) I rms   I 0
 0 

97
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

8. A voltmeter connected in an A.C circuit reads 17. The transformer ratio of a transformer is 10:1.
220V. It represents, If the primary voltage is 440V, secondary emf
1) peak voltage 2) RMS voltage is
3) Average voltage 4) Mean square voltage 1) 44 V 2) 440V 3) 4400 V 4) 44000 V
9. If the instantaneous current in a circuit is given A.C ACROSS L-R, L-C & L-C-R
by I  2cos  t    A, the rms value of the SERIES CIRCUITS
18. The frequency at which the inductive reactance
current is of 2H inductance will be equal to the capacitive
1) 2 A 2) 2 A 3) 2 2 A 4) zero reactance of 2 F capacitance (nearly)
10. The time taken by an AC of 50 Hz in reaching 1) 80Hz 2) 40 Hz 3) 60Hz 4) 20Hz
from zero to its maximum value will be 19. In a series LCR circuit R  10 and the
1) 0.5 s 2) 0.005 s 3) 0.05 s 4) 5s impedance Z  20  . Then the phase
11. A generator produces a voltage that is given difference between the current and the voltage
by V=240 sin 120t V, where t is in second. The is
frequency and r.m.s. voltage are respectively 1) 60o 2) 30o 3) 45o 4) 90o
1) 60Hz and 240V 2) 19Hz and 120V 20. In an L-C-R series circuit,
3) 19Hz and 170V 4) 754Hz and 170V R  5, X L  9, X C  7 . If applied voltage
A.C ACROSS PURE RESISTOR, in the circuit is 50V then impedance of the
circuit in ohm will be
INDUCTOR & CAPACITOR
12. A 220 V, 50 Hz AC supply is connected across 1) 2 2) 3 3) 2 5 4) 3 5
a resistor of 50 k  . The current at time t 21. In an AC circuit the potential differences
across an inductance and resistance joined in
second, assuming that it is zero at t  0, is series are respectively 16 V and 20 V. The total
1) 4.4sin  314t  mA 2) 6.2sin  314t  mA potential difference across the circuit is
1) 20 V 2) 25.6 V 3) 31.9 V 4) 53.5 V
3) 4.4sin 157t  mA 4) 6.2sin 157t  mA 22. Current in an ac circuit is given by
i  3sin  t  4cos  t then
13. A resistance of 20 is connected to a source
1) rms value of current is 5 A
of alternating current rated 110 V, 50 Hz. Then 2) mean value of this current in one half period will
the time taken by the current to change from
be 6/
its maximum value to the r.m.s. value is
3) if voltage applied is V  Vm sin t then the
1) 2.5  103 sec 2) 2.5  102 sec
circuit must be containing resistance and
3) 5  103 sec 4) 25  10 3 sec capacitance
14. A condenser of capacity 1pF is connected to 4) if voltage applied is V  Vm sin t , the circuit may
an A.C source of 220V and 50Hz frequency. contain resistance and inductance
The current flowing in the circuit will be 23. A fully charged capacitor C with initial
1) 6.9 x 10-8A 2) 6.9A 3) 6.9 x 10-6A 4) zero charge q0 is connected to a coil of self
1000 inductance L at t  0 . The time at which the
15. In a circuit, the frequency is f  Hz and
2 energy is stored equally between the electric
the inductance is 2 henry, then the reactance and the magnetic fields is
will be 
1) LC 2) 2 LC 3) LC 4)  LC
1) 200 2) 200 3) 2000 4) 2000 4
LEVEL-I (H.W) - KEY
TRANSFORMER
1) 3 2) 3 3) 2 4) 3 5) 2 6) 1 7) 2
16. The transformer ratio of a transformer is 10:1.
The current in the primary circuit if the secondary 8) 2 9) 2 10) 2 11) 3 12) 2 13) 1 14) 1
current required is 100 A assuming the 15) 3 16) 3 17) 3 18) 1 19) 1 20) 2 21) 2
transformer be ideal, is 22) 3 23) 1
1) 500 A 2) 200 A 3) 1000 A 4) 2000 A
98
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
LEVEL-I (H.W) - HINTS 22.. Ans : (c)
2 E0 T /2 2 E0 3 4 
1. Eav   sin  t  dt  i  5  sin t  cos t   5 sin  t   
T 0  5 5 
1 5
2. V  10sin 100 t  ; t s rms value is
600 2
3. i  i0 sin t  2 irms sin  2 ft  Mean value can not be decided.
Here current leads voltage so, it is RC circuit
4. V0  [Link] .m.s . 23. As initially charge is maximum
rms value q  q0 cos t
5. Form factor 
avg value over half a cycle dq
i    q0 sin t
I dt
9. Irms  0
2
1 2 q2
T 1 Given Li 
10. t   2 2C
4 4f 2
11. V = Vm sin t compare to given equation, we get 1 2  q cos t 
 L   q0 sin t   0
Vm = 240 and   120 2 2C
 120 1
f    19 H 2 and But,    tan t  1
2 6.28 LC
Vm 240
voltage =   170V   
2 2 t  t  LC
4 4 4
12. i  i0 sin  t
E0 2  Erms LEVEL-I (H.W)
  2 f ; i0  
R R
i0
INSTANTANEOUS, PEAK,R.M.S &
13. E  E0 cos t , i  i0 cos  2 ft  but i  AVERAGE VALUES OF A.C AND A.V
2 1. The average current of a sinusoidally varrying
E alternating current of peak value 5A with initial
14. irms  rms phase zero, between the instants t = T/8 to t =
Xc
T/4 is ( Where 'T' is time period)
1000
15. X L   L  2 fl  2   2  2000 10 5 20 2 10
2 2 A 2) 2 A 3) A 4) A
1)
NS I p    
16. N  I A.C ACROSS L-R, L-C &
p s
L-C-R SERIES CIRCUITS
N S Vs 1 2. A 100 resistance is connected in series with
17. N  V 18. f 
p p 2 LC a 4H inductor. The voltage across the resistor
R is VR  2sin 1000t  V . The voltage across the
19. cos  
Z inductor is
20. Impedance, Z = R+XC+XL     
1) 80 sin 1000t  2  2) 40 sin 1000t  2 
  
5i  7 j  9 j  5i  2 j    
 
   
| Z | 5  4  9  3 3) 80 sin 1000t  2  4) 40 sin 1000t  2 
   
21. Vrms  162  202  656  25.6V

99
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
3. The reading of voltmeter and ammeter in the 8. The figure shows variation of R, XL and XC
following figure will respectively be with frequenc f in a series L, C, R circiut. Then
for what frequency point, the circiut is inductive
A
XC = 4 V 90V XC XL

XL = 4 R = 45 R
1) 0 and 2A 2) 2A and 0V
3) 2V and 2A 4) 0V and 0A A B C f
4. In the following circuit, the values of current 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) All points
flowing in the circuit at f = 0 and f =  will 9. A constant voltage at different frequencies is
respectively be applied across a capacitance C as shown in the
0.01H 10–5F 25 figure. Which of the following graphs correctly
depicts the variation of current with frequency

C
A

200V A.C. generator

I
1) 8A and 0A 2) 0A and 0A I

3) 8A and 8A 4) 0A and 8A
5. In the series L-C-R circuit figure the voltmeter
1) 2)
and ammeter readings are
400V 400V  
V
I I

R = 50 L C
A 3) 4)
100V 50Hz
 
10. In a series L  C  R circuit R  200 and the
1) V=100 volt, I=2A 2) V=100 volt, I = 5 A voltage and the frequency of the main supply
3) V=1000 volt, I=2A 4) V=300 volt, I = 1 A is 220 V and 50Hz respectively. On taking out
6. The potential difference between the ends of the capacitance from the circuit the current
a resistance R is VR, between the ends of lags behind the voltage by 300 . On taking out
capacitor is VC = 2VR and between the ends of the inductor from the circuit the current leads
inductance is VL =3VR. Then the alternating
the voltage by 300 . The power dissipated in
potential of the source in terms of VR will be
the L  C  R circuit is
VR 1) 305 W 2) 210 W 3) zero 4) 242 W
1) 2VR 2) VR 3) 4) 5VR
2 11. In a series resonant LCR circuit, the voltage
7. A 220V, 50Hz a.c. generator is connected to across R is 100V and R  1 k  with C  2  F .
an inductor and a 50 resistance in series. The resonant frequency  is 200 rad/s. At
The current in the circuit is 1.0A. The P.D. resonance the voltage across L is
across inductor is 1) 2.5  10 2 V 2) 40 V 3) 250 V 4) 4  103V
1) 102.2V 2) 186.4V 3) 213.6V 4) 302V

100
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
1
LEVEL-II (C.W) - KEY 11. At resonance,  L 
C
1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 2 5) 1 6) 1 7) 3 current flowing through the circuit
8) 3 9) 2 10) 4 11) 2 V 100
I R   0.1A
LEVEL-II (C.W) - HINTS R 1000
So, voltage across L is given by
T /4
 idt I
 i  T /8
VL  I X L  I  L but  L 
1. T /4 
 dt
T /8
I 0.1
VI    250V
V0  R   C 200  2  106
2. i , VL  V0  L sint   and V0  L  XLi
R  2
E LEVEL-II (H.W)
3. Irms  rms  2A ; Vrms  Irms (X L  XC )  0
R
 circuit is at resonance INSTANTANEOUS, PEAK,R.M.S &
4. I 
E

E AVERAGE VALUES OF A.C AND A.V
Z
 1 
2 1. An alternating current 'i' is given by
R 2   2 f L 
 2  f C  i  i0 sin 2 (t / T  1 / 4) . Then the average
V r .m . s . V r .m . s . 100 current in the first one quarter time period is
5. I r .m.s .     2A 2i I I 3I
Z R 50 1) 0 2) 0 3) 0 4) 0
  2 
2
V  VR2  VL  VC  A.C ACROSS L-R, L-C &
L-C-R SERIES CIRCUITS
2. In an LR circuit, R = 10  and L = 2H. If an
6. V S  VB  VC  VL  VR i  2VR j  3VR j
alternating voltage of 120V and 60Hz is
connected in this circuit, then the value of
 VR i  VR j , V  2VR
current flowing in it will be _______ A (nearly)
E 220 1) 0.32 2) 0.16 3) 0.48 4) 0.8
7. I ,  I= , Z=220 3. The equation of an alternating current is
Z Z
I  50 2 sin400t A, then the frequency and
Z 2  R 2  X L2  X L  Z 2  R 2 the root mean square value of the current are
1 1
respectively.
L Z 2  R2 L  Z 2  R 2  0.68 H
1) 200Hz, 50 A 2) 400Hz, 50 2A
 2 f

VL   LI  2  0.5  0.68 1  213.6 V 3) 200Hz, 50 2A 4) 500Hz, 200A

8. At A : XC > XL ; At B : XC = XL ; At C : XC < XL 360
4. A circuit operating at Hz contains a 1 F
1 2
9. For capacitive circuits X C  capacitor and a 20 resistor. The inductor
C
must be added in series to make the phase
V angle for the circuit zero is
i  V C  i  
XC 1) 7.7 H 2) 10 H 3) 3.5 H 4) 15 H
5. A resistor R and capacitor C are connected in
10. The given circuit is under resonance as X L  X C series across an AC source of rms voltage 5
Hence, power dissipated in the circuit is V. If the rms voltage across C is 3 V then that
V2 across R is
P  242W 1) 1V 2) 2 V 3) 3 V 4) 4 V
R

101
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
6. An LCR series circuit containing a resistance TRANSFORMER
of 120  has angular resonance frequency 13. The efficiency of a transformer is 98%. The
primary voltage and current are 200 V and 6A.
4 105 rad S 1 . At resonance the voltage
If the secondary voltage is 100 V, the
across resistance and inductance are 60V and
secondary current is
40V respectively. Then the values of L and C
1) 11.76 A 2) 12.25 A 3) 3.06 A 4) 2.94 A
are respectively.
1) 0.2 mH ,1/ 32  F 2) 0.4 mH ,1/16  F LEVEL-II (H.W) - KEY
3) 0.2 mH ,1/16  F 4) 0.4 mH ,1/ 32  F 1) 1 2) 2 3) 1 4) 1 5) 4 6) 1 7) 3
7. The natural frequency of an LC - circuit is 8) 2 9) 4 10) 2 11) 4 12) 2 13) 3
1,25,000 cycles per second. Then the capacitor
C is replaced by another capacitor with a LEVEL-II (H.W) - HINTS
dielectric medium of dielectric contant k. In
T /4
this case, the frequency decreases by 25 kHz.
The value of k is  i 
o idt
1. T /4
1) 3.0 2) 2.1 3) 1.56 4) 1.7  dt
o
8. In the given figure, the instantaneous value of
alternating e.m.f. is e = 14.14 sin t . The E E
2. I  Z  2
reading of voltmeter in volt will be R  4 2 f 2 L2
XL

300
A 3. I  50 2 sin 400 t ; I = I0 sin t
V
Comparing two equations, we get
R XC 200
  2 f  400 ; f = 200Hz
1) 141.4 2) 10 3) 200.0 4) 70.7 and I 0  50 2
9. A coil of inductance 0.1H is connected to 50V,
100Hz generator and current is found to be I0
0.5A. The potential difference across I rms   50 A
2
resistance of the coil is
1) 15V 2) 20V 3) 25V 4) 39V 1
4. L 
10. The voltage of A.C. source varies with time C
according equation. V = 120 sin 100t cos
100  t. Then the frequency of source is 5. E  ER2  EC2
1) 50Hz 2) 100Hz 3) 150Hz 4) 200Hz 6. At resonance
11. The current in a coil of self inductance 5 henry V VL 1
i  X   L,  
is increasing according to i = 2 sin 2 t . The R XL ; L LC
amount of energy spent during the period when
current changes from 0 to 2 amperes is 1 n1 C2 Kc n1
1) 10J 2) 5J 3) 100J 4) 2J 7. n ;n  C  c ; n  K
12. In an AC circuit the voltage applied is 2 LC 2 1 2

8. Reading of voltmeter in rms value

E  E0 sin t . The resulting current in the
14.14
  E  10V
circuit is I  I 0 sin  t  2  . The power 2
 
consumption in the circuit is given by E 50
9. I ; 0.5= Z  100
E0 I 0 Z Z
1) P  2) P= zero 2 2 , then R =
2 2 2
Z  R  L 78
E0 I 0 2 2 2
Now VR  VLR2  VL2  39V ; VR  VL  VLR 
3) P  4) P  2 E0 I 0
2

102
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
10. V = 120sin 100 t cos100 t 4. An ideal inductor takes a current of 10 A when
= 60 x 2 sin100 t.cos100 t connected to a 125 V, 50 Hz AC supply. A pure
resistor across the same source takes 12.5 A.
= 60sin 200 t and   200
if the two are connected in series across a
 n  100cps
11. Energy E = 1/2LI2 100 2 V , 40 Hz supply, the current through
When I = change of current from minimum to the circuit will be
maximum. = 2–0 = 2J. 1) 10 A 2) 12.5 A 3) 20 A 4) 25 A
12. For given circuit current is lagging the voltage by 5. A circuit containing resistance R1 , Inductance
 / 2 so circuit is purely inductive and there is no L1 and capacitance C1 connected in series
power consumption in the circuit. The work
resonates at the same frequency 'n' as a
done by battery is stored as magnetic energy in
the inductor. second combination of R2 , L2 and C2 . If the
Vs I s 98 100  is two are connected in series. Then the circuit
13.   V I  100  200  6 will resonates at
p p
L2C2 L1C1
LEVEL-III 1) n 2) 2n 3) L1C1 4) L2C2
6. An AC source of variable frequency is applied
1. An AC voltage source of variable angular across a series L-C-R circuit. At a frequency
frequency  and fixed amplitude V0 is double the resonance frequency. The
connected in series with a capacitance C and impedance is 10 times the minimum
an electric bulb of resistance R (inductance impedance. The inductive reactance is
zero). When  is increased 1) R 2) 2R 3) 3R 4) 4R
1) The bulb glows dimmer 7. A 20V, 750 HZ source is connected to a series
2) The bulb glows brignther
3) Total impedance of the circuit is unchanged combination of R = 100 , C = 10  F and
4) Total impedance of the circuit increases L = 0.1803 H. Calculate the time in which
2. In an A.C circuit the instantaneous values of resistance will get heated by 10o C . (If thermal
current and voltage are I  120 sin t ampere capacity of the material = 2 J / o C )
and E  300sin  t   / 3 volt respectively.. 1) 328 sec 2) 348 sec 3) 3.48 sec 4) 4.32 sec
8. An AC source of angular frequency  is fed
What will be the inductive reactance of series
across a resistor R and a capacitor C in series.
LCR circuit if the resistance and capacitive
The current registered is I. If now the
reactance are 2 ohm and 1 ohm respectively?
1) 4.5 ohms 2) 2 ohms 3) 2.5 ohms 4) 3 ohms frequency of source is changed to  / 3 (but
3. A pure resistive circuit element 'x' when maintaining the same voltage), the current in
connected to an A.C. supply of peak voltage the circuit is found to be halved. The ratio of
100 V gives a peak current of 4 A which is in reactance to resistance at the original
phase with the voltage. A second circuit frequency  is
element ‘y’ when connected to the same AC 3 5 3 5
supply also gives the same value of peak 1) 2) 3) 4)
5 3 5 3
current but the current lags behind by 900 . If
9. An LCR circuit has L = 10 mH, R = 3 , and C
the series combination of 'x' and 'y' is
connected to the same supply. R.M.S. value = 1  F connected in series to a source of
of current is 15 cos  t volt. The current amplitude at a
5 2 frequency that is 10% lower than the resonant
1) A 2) 2A 3) 1/2 A 4) A frequency is
2 5
1) 0.5 A 2) 0.7 A 3) 0.9 A 4) 1.1 A

103
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
10. In the given circuit, R is a pure resistor, L is a 16. The potential difference across a 2H inductor
pure inductor, S is a 100V, 50 Hz AC source, as a function of time is shown in figure. At
and A is an AC ammeter. With either K1 or time t = 0, current is zero.
Current t = 2 second is
K alone closed, the ammeter reading is I. If
2
the source is changed to 100 V, 100 Hz, the VL(volt)
ammeter reading with K1 alone closed and 10
with K 2 alone closed will be respectively..
K1 K2 t(s)
2 4
S
1) 1A 2) 3A 3) 4A 4) 5A
R L
17. For the circuit shown in the figure the rms value
A of voltages across R and coil are E1 and E2,
1) I , I / 2 2) I , 2 I 3) 2 I , I 4) 2 I , I / 2 respectively.
11. A capacitor has a resistance of 1200 M  and L,r
R
capacitance of 22  F . When connected to
Resistor Coil
an a.c. supply of frequency 80 hertz, then the
alternating voltage supply required to drive a
current of 10 virtual ampere is
e = E sint 0
1) 904 2V 2) 904V 3) 904 / 2V 4) 452V e =E rms
12. A 120V, 60Hz a.c. power is connected 800
non-inductive resistance and unknown The power (thermal) developed across the
capcitance in series. The voltage drop across coil is
the resistance is found to be 102V, then voltage E  E12 E  E12  E22
drop across capacitor is 1) 2)
1) 8V 2) 102V 3) 63V 4) 55V 2R 2R
13. A 100 V a.c source of frequency 50 Hz is 2 2
connected to a LCR circuit with L = 8.1 3)
E
4)
 E  E1 
millihenry, C  12.5 F and R  10ohm , all 2R 2R
connected in series. What is the potential 18. A bulb is rated at 100 V, 100 W, it can be
difference across the resistance? treated as a resistor. Find out the inductance
1) 100 V 2) 200 V 3) 300 V 4) 450 V of an inductor (called choke coil) that should
14. A coil has an inductance of 0.7H and is joined be connected in series with the bulb to
in series with a resistance of 220  . When an operate the bulb at its rated power with the
alternating e.m.f. of 220V at 50 c.p.s. is applied help of an ac source of 200 V and 50 Hz
to it, then the wattless component of the

current in the circuit is 1) H 2) 100 H 3) 2 H 4) 3 H
1) 5 ampere 2) 0.5 ampere 3  
3) 0.7 ampere 4) 7 ampere 19. In the circuit diagram shown,
15. Two alternating voltage generators produce X C  100 , X L  200  & R  100  . The
emfs of the same amplitude E0 but with a phase effective current through the source is
 C
difference of . The resultant [Link]
3 200V R
L
   
1) E 0 sin  t   2) E 0 sin  t  
 3  6 1) 2 A 2) 2 2 A
    3) 0.5 A 4) 0.4 A
3) 3E 0 sin  t   4) 3E 0 sin  t  
 6  2

104
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
LEVEL-III - KEY C1C2
L1C1  L2C2 ; Lnet  L1  L2 ; Cnet  C  C
1) 2 2) 1 3) 2 4) 1 5) 1 6) 4 7) 2 1 2

8) 1 9) 2 10) 1 11) 2 12) 3 13) 1 14) 2  CC 

Lnet Cnet  ( L1  L2 )  1 2  ; L C  L C
15) 3 16) 4 17) 2 18) 4 19) 2  C1  C2  net net 2 2

LEVEL-III - HINTS 6. Z 2  R 2  ( L  1/ C )2
1. In R  C circuit, the impedance is
10 R 2  R 2  (2o L  1/ 2o C ) 2
1
Z  R2  ; minimum impedance Zmin = R
  C2
2

As  increases, Z decreases. o2 LC  1 ------- (1)

1 1
Since, Power  , therefore the bulb 2o L   3R ------- (2)
impedance 2o C
glows brighter.
1
2. I  120sin t , E  300sin  t   / 3 from(1) R  XC  R
2o C
Clearly,    / 3 ,
from(2) X C  2o L  3R  R  4 R
R 1
Now, cos    cos 60   Z  2 R 1
Z 2 7. XC   21.2
2nc
As R  2, Z  2  2  4; X C  1
2 2 2 2 2
Z  R 2  ( X L  X C )2  835
Now  X L  X C   Z  R  4  2  12
IV  Ev / z  0.0239 A
X L  X C   12  2 3
2 (ms)
X L  X C  2 3  1  3.464 IV Rt  (ms)  t  2
IV R
Taking + value, X L  1  3.464  4.465  8. at frequency  , X C  1/  C
o 
3. XL  =25 ; R  o  25 ; Z= R 2  X 2 ; ' 3
Io Io C at frequency  / 3, X C   3X C
C
4/ 2 V I V
I 01   o / Z  4 / 2 A; I r .m.s.  I 01 / 2   2A XC 3
2 I ;  ; 
2
R X 2
C
2 2
R  9X R
2
C 5
4. For 50 Hz and 125 V supply
V 1 V 90 90 1
X L  L  L R   10 9. cv  cv0  x =9000 rad/s
iL 8 , iR 100 100 LC

For 40 Hz, 100 2 V supply E0

i0 
2
 1 
V V R2   L 
i   C 
R 2  X L2 R 2  4 2 f 2 L2
10. In the second case induction reactance becomes 2
1 1 times thus current through L when K2 is closed
5. n 
2p L1C1 2p L2 C2 i
becomes . But current through R when K1 is
2
closed does not change

105
 ALTERNATING CURRENT JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
11. f = 80Hz, IV = 10A 220  L 22
  0.7  2   50
EV EV 2 2 2
(R  L  ) 7
Current through R, I R  
R 12  108
220  (0.7  2  50)
EV   220
Current through C I C  X  2 fC  EV (2202  2202 )
C
220  220 1
 2  80  22  10 6  EV    0.5
220 2 (2) 2
= 352  10 5  EV IV2  I R2  I C2 15. E1 = E0 sin  t; E 2  E0 sin(t   / 3)
EV2 E = E2 + E1
(102 )  (352 105  EV )2
(12 108 ) 2 = E0 sin(t   / 3)  E0 sin t
 1  = 2 E0 sin(t   / 6) cos( / 6)
 EV2  16
 1.2  104 
 144  10  = 3E0 sin(t   / 6)
4
100 10 di
EV2  EV  904 volt 16. e  L  e dt  L  i2  i1 
1.2 dt
12. V 2  VR2  VC2 e dt  area of  le for t  0 to 2 sec.
2 2 2
V  V V
C R
17. Draw the phasor diagram.
VC2  (120) 2  (102) 2 E 2  E12  E 22  2E1E 2 cos .
E2
VC = 63V
E2
13. Here, E  100V , v  500 Hz
E

L  8.1 103 H , C  12.5  106 F , R  10 


X L   L  2 vL  1000  8.1 10 3  25.4 I E1
Thermal power developed in coil is
 1
XC   P  E 2 cos  I and
C 1000  12.5  106
103 E1 EE E 2  E12  E 22
   25.4 I  P  1 2 cos  
12.5 R R 2R
100  100
Z  R2   X L  X C 
2
18. Resistance of bulb is R   100
100
2 100
 102   25.4  25.4   10 Rated current is  1A
100
Ev 100 Vrms
Iv    10 A In ac, I rms  ; Z  200
Z 10 Z
Potential difference across R  I v R 2
1002   L   200  2 L2  30000 and
 10 10  100V
30000 3
14. Watt less component of L 2
 henry..
100  
E
A.C. = IV sin   V sin  V 200 200
Z 19. I R    2 A ; I LC   2A
R 100 X L  XC
220 L
   L0.7  2  50
R2  L22 R2  L22 I  22  22  2 2 A as I R inphase with V

I LC lages behind V by  2

106
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENT
Ferromagnetic core
LEVEL-IV
AC R

1. At resonance, VL and VC are both very much

1°Coil 2°Coil
greater than the applied potential, V itself.
The primary coil is connected to a source of
The quality factor for an LCR circuit in alternating (AC) current. The secondary coil
XL is connected to a resistor such as a light bulb.
resonance is given by Q= . In practice, The AC source produces an oscillating voltage
R
and current in the primary coil that produces
Q  200 has been achieved. an oscillating magnetic field in the core
L material. This in turn induces an oscillating
voltage and AC current in the secondary coil.
200H, 10 Student collected the following data comparing
the number of turns per coil (N), the voltage
(V) and the current (I) in the coils of three
transformers
Primary Coil Secondary coil
0.10V, 1.0 MHz
N1 V1 I1 N 2 V2 I2
(a) At resonance, the capacitor has been adjusted Transformer 1 100 10V 10 A 20 20 V 5 A
for Transformer 2 100 10V 10 A 50 5 V 20 A
1 200×10-6 µF 2. 0.00013µF Transformer 3 200 10V 10 A 100 5 V 20 A
a) The primary coil of a transformer has 100 turns
3. 0.0013µF 4. 0.0013F and is connected to a 120V AC source. How
(b) At resonance, the potential difference across many turns are in the secondary coil if there is
the inductance is a 2400 V across it
1) 1.3 V 2) 13 V 3) 0.3 V 4) none of these 1) 5 2) 50 3) 200 4) 2000
b) A transformer with 40 turns in its primary coil
(c) The potential across the capacitance at is connected to a 120 V AC source. If 20 W of
resonance is power is supplied to the primary coil, the power
1) 13 V 2) > 13 V 3) < 13 V 4) none of these developed in the secondary coil is
(d) The Q factor is 1) 10 W 2) 20 W 3) 80 W 4) 160 W
c) One of the following is a correct expression
VL VC VC VL
1. V 2. V 3. 4. for R, the resistance of the load connected to
C L V V the secondary coil (pick the correct one)
(e) choose the right statement.  V10   N 20   V10  N10. 
2

1. VL +VC can be greater than Vapplied 1)  I    2)  I 

 N 0 
 10   N10   10  2 
2. VL +VC =Vapplied 2
 V10   N10   V10  N10 
3. VL +VC <Vapplied 3)  I    4)  I 
 N 0 
 10   N 20   10  2 
4. none of these d). A 12 V battery is used to supply 2.0 mA of
2. A physics lab is designed to study the transfer current to the 300 turns in the primary coil of
of electrical energy from one circuit to another a given transformer. What is the current in the
by means of a magnetic field using simple secondary coil if N 2  150 turns
transformers. Each transformer has two coils 1) zero 2) 1.0 mA 3) 2.0 mA 4) 4.0 mA
of wire electrically insulated from each other
but wound around a common core of LEVEL-IV - KEY
ferromagnetic material. The two wires are 1) a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 3,4 e) 4
close together but do not touch each other.
2) a) 4 b) 2 c) 1 d) 4

107
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
7. The r.m.s. value of an ac of 50 Hz is 10 amp.
LEVEL - V The time taken by the alternating current in
reaching from zero to maximum value and the
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS peak value of current will be
1. The value of current in two series L C R A) 2 × 10–2 sec and 14.14 amp
circuits at resonance is same when connected B) 1 × 10–2 sec and 7.07 amp
across a sinusodial voltage source. Then: C) 5 × 10–3 sec and 7.07 amp
A. both circuits must be having same value of D) 5 × 10–3 sec and 14.14 amp
capacitance and inductor 8. The voltage time (V-t) graph for a triangular
B. in both circuits ratio of L and C will be same wave having peak value Vo is as shown in
C. for both the circuits X L / X C must be same at figure. The rms value of V is
that frequency V
D. both circuits must have same impedance at all V0
frequencies T/4 T 2T t
2. The series RLC circuit in resonance is called: V0
A. Selector circuit B. rejector circuit
C. amplifier circuit D. oscillator circuit Vo Vo Vo Vo
3. In a series R-L-C circuit, the frequency of the A) B) C) D)
3 2 2 3
source is half of the resonance frequency. The
nature of the circuit will be 9. The average value for the saw-tooth voltage
a) capacitive b) inductive of peak value of V0 as shown in figure is
c) purely resistive d) selective
4. The graphs given below depict the dependence V0

of two reactive impedances X 1 and X 2 on the

V
frequency of the alternating e.m.f. applied T/2 T 3T/2 t
individually to them. We can then say that
V0
Impedance

Impedance

X1
V0 V0 2V V
X2
a) b) c) 0 d) 0
3 2 3 2
10. An alternating voltage is given by:
Frequency Frequency
A. X 1 is an inductor and X 2 is a capacitor e  e1 sin t  e2 cos t . Then the root mean
B. X 1 is a resistor and X 2 is a capacitor square value of voltage is given by:
C. X 1 is a capacitor and X 2 is an inductor e1e 2 e12  e 22
2 2
D. X 1 is an inductor and X 2 is a resistor A) e  e B) e1e2 C)
1 2
D)
2 2
5. In which of the following electrical appliances
2
will AC fail to function where DC in normally 11. If i  t , 0  t  T then rms value of current is
used?
A. electric light B. voltmeter T2 T2 T2 T2
A) C) B) D)
C. solenoid for electromagnet D. a cathode ray tube 2 52 5
RMS & Average value of Alternating current 12. The rms current value of a semicircular wave
6. The instantaneous value of current and emf which has a maximum value i0 is
1 Y
in an AC circuit are I  sin314t amp and
2
 
E  2 sin  314t   V , respectively. The
 6
phase difference between E and I (with respect -i0 +i0
X
to I) will be
    i0 2 i0
A)  rad B)  rad C) rad D) rad A. B. i0 C. D. 2i0
6 3 6 3 3 3 2
108
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
13. The rms and the average value of the voltage 16. Calculate the reading which will be given by a
wave shown in figure are hot-wire voltmeter if it is connected across the
V terminals of a generator whose voltage
waveform is represented by
4
v  200sin t  100sin 3t  50sin 5t
2 A. 110V B. 162V C. 200V D. 220V
0
1 2 3
t 17. The current ‘i’ in an inductance coil varies with
-2
time ‘t’ according to following graph
-4 i

32 11
A. V;1V B. V;1V
3 3
11 32
C. V;3V D. V;3V
3 3 t
(0, 0)
14. If i1  i01 sin  t  , i2  i02 sin  t    , then Which one of the following figures shows the
i3  variations of voltage in the coil
V V
i1

A) B)
(0, 0) t (0, 0) t

i2 V V
2 2
A. i  i sin   t
01 02

  C) D)

B. i01  i02 sin   t 
2 
 (0, 0) t
(0, 0) t

C.  
i021  i022  2i01 i02 cos  sin    t  18. Find the rms and average value of the wave-
form shown in figure.
D.  i021  i022  2i01 i02 cos   sin    t  y

 i02 sin   B
1 20
where   Tan  i  i cos  
 01 02 
10
A C
15. The average and effective values for the
waveshape shown in the figure are:
T 2T t
V
Time

A. 8.5, 10 B. 10.3, 20 C. 15.2, 15 D. 2.6, 5

Vm 19.. Determine the rms value of a semi-circular
current wave which has maximum value of a.
0
 2 3
Phase A. 2.515 a B. 1.815 a C. 0.615 a D. 0.816 a
20. An electric bulb is designed to operate at 12
2 V Vm V volts DC. If this bulb is connected to an AC
A. Vm and m B. and m
 2  2 source and gives normal brightness, what
2 Vm Vm V would be the peak voltage of the source ?
C. Vm and D. and m A. 37 V B. 17 V C. 18 V D. 10 V
 2  2 2
109
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

21. The current in a discharging LR circuit is given I I

t / 
by i  i0 e where  is the time constant of
the circuit. Calculate the rms current for the
period t  0 to t   . C) D)

A.
i0 e 2
1  B.
i0 e 2
1   

e 2 e 2 24. The resonance point in X L  f and X C  f

curves is
C.
i0  e  2 2
i0 e  2
D.
  XL
e 3 e 2
22. The voltage across a pure inductor is P R S
represented by the following diagram. Which Q f
one of the following diagrams will represent
the current
V XC
A. P B. Q C. R D. S
AC across L-R, L-C,L-C-R circuits
t 25. When 100 volt DC is applied across a solenoid,
a current of 1.0 amp flows in it. When 100 volt
AC is applied across the same coil, the current
i i drops to 0.5 amp. If the frequency of the AC
source is 50 Hz, the impedance and inductance
A) t B) t of the solenoid are
A) 200 ohm and 0.55 henry
B) 100 ohm and 0.86 henry
i i C) 100 ohm and 1.0 henry
D) 100 ohm and 0.93 henry.
C) D) 26. A coil having an inductance of 1 /  henry is
t t
connected in series with a resistance of
23. A constant voltage at different frequencies is 300  . If 20 volt from a 200 cycle source are
applied across a capacitance C as shown in impressed across the combination, the value
of the phase angle between the voltage and
the figure. Which of the following graphs
the current is :
Signal 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 4
Generator A) tan B) tan C) tan D) tan .
4 5 4 3
 V C
27. In a circuit containing an inductance of zero
resistance, the current leads the applied a.c.
A voltage by a phase angle at
Correctly depicts the variation of current with A) 90o B) -90o C) 0o D) 180o
frequency ? 28. In RLC circuit, at a frequency , the potential
I I difference across each device are  VR max =
8.8 V,  VL max  2.6 V and  VC max  7.4 V .
The composed potential difference
A) B)  VC  VL max across inductor and capacitor
is
  A) 10 V B) 7.8 V C) 7.4 V D) 4.8 V

110
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
29. The natural frequency of the circuit shown in 34. In the a.c. circuit shown in figure, the supply
the figure is voltage has a constant r.m.s. value but variable
C C frequency f. Resonance frequency is
1 1
H F
2 2

L L

1 1 2
A) B) C) D) none
2 LC  LC  LC 
30. If the phase difference between voltage and A) 10 Hz B) 100 Hz C) 1000 Hz D) 200 Hz
current is  / 6 and the resistance in the circuit 35. In a LCR circuit capacitance is changed from
C to 2C. For the resonant frequency to remain
is 300  , then the impedance of the circuit
unchanged, the inductance should be change
will be from L to
A) 40  B) 20  C) 50  D) 13  A) 4L B) 2L C) L/2 D) L/4
31. In the circuit as shown in the figure, if value of 36. In an a.c. circuit V and I are given by
R  60  , then the current flowing through the V = 100 sin 100t  volts;
condenser will be  
I  100 sin  100t   mA .
 3 
R L C
The power dissipated in the circuit is
15V 20V 10V A) 104 watt B) 10 watt C) 2.5 watt D) 5 watt
37. A series combination of R, L, C is connected
to an a.c. source. If the reistance is 3 and
the reactance is 4  , the power factor of the
circuit is
 A) 0.4 B) 0.6 C) 0.8 D) 1.0
A) 0.5 A B) 0.25 A C) 0.75 A D) 1.0 A 38. If a current I given by I0 sin(t   / 2) flows
32. The power in ac circuit is given by P = in an ac circuit across which an ac potential of
ErmsIrms cos .The vale of cos in series E 0 sin(t ) has been applied, then the power
LCR circuit at resonance is: consumption P in the circuit will be
1 1 A) E0 I0 / 2 B) E0 I0 / 2 C) EI / 2 D) Zero
A) zero B) 1 C) D) 39. In a series CR circuit shown in figure, the
2 2
applied voltage is 10 V and the voltage across
33. A generator with an adjustable frequency of
capacitor is found to be 8V. Then the voltage
oscillation is connected to resistance, R = across R, and the phase difference between
100  , inductances, L1 = 1.7 mH and L2 = 2.3 current and the applied voltage will
mH and capacitances, C1  4 F , C2  2.5 F respectively be
and C3  3.5 F . The resonant angular  4
A) 6V, tan–1  
frequency of the circuit is 8V VR  3
 3
L1 R B) 3V, tan–1  
 4
 C1 C2 C3
L2 5
C) 6V, tan–1  
A) 0.5 rad/s B) 0.5  104 rad / s
  3
1  4 
10V D) 3V , tan  
C) 2 rad/s D) 2  104 rad / s 3
111
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
40. An inductor of inductance L and resistor of a) Connecting an inductor in series with the load
resistance R are joined in series and b) Connecting a capacitor in series with the load
connected by a source of emf V and frequency c) Connecting a capacitor in parallel with the load
 . Power dissipated in the circuit is d) Connecting a capacitor in parallel with the load
45. A combination of elements is enclosed in a
( R 2  2 L2 ) V2R black box and the voltage and currents are
A) B)
V ( R 2  2 L2 ) measured across this black box. The
expression for applied voltage; and the current
V R 2  2 L2
C) D) flowing in it is V  V0 sin t ;
( R 2  2 L2 ) V2
41. Power loss in AC circuit will be minimum when i  2 2 sin  t   / 4  where   100 rad/
A) Inductance is high, resistance is high sec. Then the wrong statement is:
B) Inductance is low, resistance is high
C) Inductance is low, resistance is low
D) Inductance is high, resistance is low
42. In the circuit, as shown in the figure, if the
 Black
box

value of R.M.S current is 2.2 ampere, the

power factor of the box is (E=220V) a) There must be a capacitor is the black box
b) Power factor of circuit = 0.707
100 C c) There must be a resistor in the box
d) There must be an inductor in the box
1/ Henry 46. A high impedance AC voltmeter is connected
Box
in turn across the inductor, the capacitor and
the resistor in a series circuit having an AC
source of 100 V(rms) and gives the same
 reading in volts in each case. This reading is:
1 a) 100 V b) 141 V c) 150 V d) 200 V
3 1
A) B) 1 C) D) 47. In a black box of unknown elements (L, C or
2 2 2 R or any other combination) an AC voltage
43. The impedance of a series RL circuit is same
as the series RC circuit when connected to the E  E0 sin t    is applied and current in the
same AC source separately keeping the same circuit was found to be
resistance. The frequency of the source is i  i0 sin  t     / 4  . Then the unknown
1 1 R 1 elements in the box may be:
A) B) C) D)
LC 2 LC L RC
Z
44. A current source sends a current
i  i0 cos  t  . When connected across an
unknown load gives a voltage output of,
v  v0 sin t   / 4  across that load. Then

A) only capacitor B) inductor and resistor both
voltage across the current source may be C) either capacitor, resistor and inductor or only
brought in phase with the current through it capacitor and resistor
by: D) only resistor
48. A given alternating current has an rms value
v = v0 sin (t + /4)

of 5.6 ampere. If this current flows in a curcuit

i0 cos t

 containing 10 of resistance in series with

 Load

20 of inductive reactance, the power
consumed in the circuit will be
A) 313.6 W B) 940.8 W C) 627.2 W D) 168 W

112
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
49. In an [Link], V & I are given by 54. If the reading of the voltmeters vary with time
V = 100 sin (100 t) volt.
 
  as: V1  20sin t and V2  20 cos  t  
I  100sin  100t   mA  6
 2 then the unknown circuit element x is a:
The power dissipated in the circuit is:
A) 1 watt B) 10 watt C) zero D) 5 watt V1 V2
50. In R-L-C series circuit, we have same current
at angular frequencies 1 and 2 . The
X
resonant frequency of circuit is R

12 22
A.
2
B.
1
C. 12 D. 1  2 
51. A choke coil of resistance R and inductance L A. pure (or ideal) inductor B. practical inductor
is connected to an A.C. source of frequency f C. pure (or ideal) capacitor D. practical capacitor
and maximum voltage V0 . Then, the average 2 V Vm V
A. Vm and m B. and m
power dissipated in the choke is proportional  2  2
to:
2 V Vm Vm
A. f 2 B. f 2 C. f 1 D. f 0 C. Vm and m D. and
 2  2 2
52. When two A.C. generators of emfs V1 and V2
55. In a series LCR circuit, at the frequencies f1
and same frequency connected in series, the
emf across A and B is (   phase angle and f 2 of AC source, the current amplitude
difference between the generators): 1
falls to of the current amplitude at
2
A v1 v2 B
resonance. Then the value of f 2  f1 is
V V
A. 1 2 B. V1  V2 R R R R
2
A. B. C. D. 2
2L L L L
C. V12  V22  2VV
1 2 cos 
D. V12  V22
56. In the figure, which of the phasor diagram
53. At resonance of the given series R-L-C represents RLC circuit driven at resonance?
circuit:

V1 VL VR VL VR

R L C A. B.
V2 V3 VC VC

V
VL VR VL

 VR

2
C. D.
VC
A. V 3  V1  V2  V32 B. V3  0
VC
C. V1  0 D. V2  0

113
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
57. In LCR circuit at resonance current in the
i e
circuit is 10 2 A. If now frequency of the
source is changed such that now current lags
by 45º than applied voltage in the circuit. t
Which of the following is correct
A. Frequency must be increased and current after
the change is 10 A
[Link] must be decreased and current after A. R = 1K  , C = 10  F
the change is 10 A B. R = 1K  , C = 1  F
C. Frequency must be decreased and current is C. R = 1K  , L = 10H D. R = 1K  , L = 1H
same as that of initial value 61. A radio tuner has a frequency range from
[Link] given information is insufficient to conclude 500kHz to 5 MHz. If its LC circuit has an
anything effective inductance of 200  H , what is the
58. A pure resistive circuit element X when 2
connected to an sinusoidal AC supply of peak range of its variable capacitor? (Take   10 ).
voltage 200V gives a peak current of 5A which A. 2.5 pF to 250 pF B. 5.0 pF to 500 pF
C. 7.5 pF to 750 pF D. 10 pF to 1000 pF
is in phase with the voltage. A second circuit
62. In a series LCR circuit the frequency of a 10V,
element Y, when connected to the same AC
AC voltage source is adjusted in such a
supply also gives the same value of peak fashion that the reactanace of the inductor
current but the current lags behind by 900. If
the series combination of X and Y is connected measures 15  and that of the capacitor 11 1.
to the same supply, the rms value of current is If R= 3  , the potential difference across the
series combination of L and C will be:
10 5 5
A. A B. A C. A D. 5A A. 8V B. 10V C. 22V D. 52V
2 2 2
63. A resistor of resistance 100  is connected to
59. An A.C. circuit contains a resistor 'R', an
inductor 'L' and a capacitor 'C' connected in an AC source e  (12 V )sin(250 ps 1 )t. Find
series. When it is connected to an A.C. the energy dissipated as heat during t  0 to
generator of fixed output voltage and variable t  1.0 ms.
frequency, the current in the circuit is found
A. 0.61104 J B. 0.61104 J

to be leading the applied voltage rad,when C. 2.61104 J D. 2.61106 J
4 64. A lamp consumes only 50% of peak power in
the frequency is f1 . When the frequency of an a.c. circuit. What is the phase difference
between the applied voltage and the circuit
the generator increased to f 2 the current is
current
found to be lagging behind the applied voltage
   
 A. B. C. D.
by rad. The resonant frequency of the circuit 6 3 4 2
4 65. Voltage and current for a circuit with two
is elements in series are expressed as follows :
f1f 2 f f 2f1f 2  
A. f  f B. 1 2 C. f  f D. f1f 2 v  t   170 sin  6.28 t   volts
1 2 2 1 2  3
60. When an AC source of emf E = E0 Sin (100t)  
i  t   8.5sin  6.28 t   amp
is connected across a circuit, the phase  2
difference between the emf E and the current What are the values of the elements?
 A. R  27.32 , C  25.92 mF
I in the circuit is observed to be , as shown
4 B. R  17.32 , C  15.92 mF
in the figure. If the circuit consists only of R– C. R  7.32 , C  5.92 mF
C(or)R–L(or) L–C series. Possible values of
the elements of the circuit are (IIT-scre-2003) D. R  10.32 , C  5.92 mF

114
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS

66. When an ac source of e.m.f. e  E0 sin 100 t  70. A circuit consisting of a capacitor and a coil
in series is connected to the mains. Varying
is connected across a circuit, the phase
the capacitance of the capacitor, the heat
difference between the e.m.f. e and the current
power generated in the coil was increased

i in the circuit is observed to be , as shown n  1.7 times. How much (in per cent) was
4 the value of cos  changed in the process?
in the diagram. If the circuit consists possibly
only of RC or LC in series, find the A. 80% B. 25% C. 50% D. 30 %
relationship between the two elements
i or e
71. An AC source producing emf

i e    0  cos 100 s 1  t  cos 500 s 1  t  is

connected in series with a capacitor and a
resistor. The steady-state current in the
 circuit is found to be
i  i1 cos 100 s 1  t  1 
A. R  1k , C  10  F B. R  1k , C  1  F
C. R  1k , L  10 H D. R  1k , L  1 H i2 cos  500 s 1  t  2 
67. The figure shows variation of R, X L and X C A. i1  i2 B. i1  i2 C. i1  i2
with frequency f in a series L, C, R circuit. D. the information is insufficient to find the relation
Then for what frequency point, the circuit is between i1 and i2 .
inductive
72. In the circuit shown in the figure, the ac
XC XL
source gives a voltage V  20 cos  2000 t  .
Neglecting source resistance, the voltmeter
R and ammeter reading will be
6

AB C
f  A

A. A B. B C. C D. All points 5mH 4 5F

68. Which of the following plots may represent the
reactance of a series LC combination
a V

c
A. 0V, 0.47A B. 1.68V, 0.47A
Reactance

C. 0V, 1.4A D. 5.6V, 1.4A

b
PASSAGE-1
B
Frequency
+ –2t
C=2F V =3e
d - C
R=2 i1 i2 R=3
A C
O
A. a B. b C. c D. d +
69. An inductor-coil, a capacitor and an AC source CL L=4H
of rms voltage 24 V are connected in series. -
When the frequency of the source is varied, a
D
maximum rms current of 6.0 A is observed. If
this inductor coil is connected to a battery of 73. The current iL is
emf 12 V and internal resistance 4.0  , what a)  2  2 1  e   A
2 t
b)  2  2 1  e   A
2 t

will be the current?

c) 3  2 1  e   A d)  2  3 1  e   A
2 t 2 t
A. 2 A B. 1.5 A C. 0.5 A D. 2.5 A

115
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
74. The variation of current in the inductor with VCD VCD
time can be represented as :
i2 (A) i2 (A) 28 28

4 4
C) 12 D) 12

A) 2 B) 2 t t

t t PASSAGE-2
i2 (A) i2 (A)
An ac generator G with an adjustable
frequency of oscillation is used in the circuit,
4 4 as shown.
R = 100
C) 2 D) 2
L1 = 1.6mH
t t C2 =
4.5F C3 = 2.5F
G S C1 = 3F
75. The potential difference across inductor VL
is: L2 = 2.4mH
a) 8e2tV b) 9e 2 tV c) 16e 2 tV d) 18e 2tV
76. The variation of potential difference across A 79. Current drawn from the ac source will be
and C with time can be represented as : maximum if its angular frequency is
VAC VAC A) 105 rad/s B) 104 rad/s
8 C) 5000 rad/s D) 500 rad/s
4
80. To increase resonant frequency of the circuit,
A) B) 2 some of the changes in the circuit are carried
1 out. Which changes would certainly result in
12 t the increase in resonant frequency ?
VAC VAC
A) R is increased
B) L1 is incresed and C1 is decreased
28
17 C) L2 is decreased and C2 is increased
D) C3 is removed from the circuit
C) 12 D)
81. If the ac source G is of 100 V rating at resonant
t t frequency of the circuit, then average power
supplied by the source is
77. The potential difference across AB VAB  is: A) 50 W B) 100 W
1 3t C) 500 W D) 1000 W
A) 8e2tV B) e V C) 17e 2tV D) 16e 2 tV 82. Aver age ener gy st or ed by t he induct or L 2
2
78. The variation of potential difference across C (source is at resonance frequency) is equal to
and D VCD  with time can be expressed as: A) zero B) 1.2mJ
C) 2.4 mJ D) 4 mJ
VCD VCD
83. Thermal energy produced by the resistance
28 28 R in time duration 1 ms, using the source at
resonant condition, is
A) 12 B) 12 A) 0J B) 1m J C) 100m J
D) not possible to calculate from the given
t t
information
116
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
LEVEL-V - KEY
1) C 2) A 3) A 4) C 5) C 6) A 7) D Vmean 
 v dt , V
2V0
t  V0
9. T
8) D 9) D 10) D 11) C 12)B 13) A 14) D  dt
15) C 16 )B 17) D 18) C 19)D 20) B 21) A 10. e  e1 sin t  e 2 cos t
22) D 23) B 24) C 25) A 26) D 27) B 28) D  
e1 e2
29) A 30) B 31) B 32) B 33) B 34) C 35) C  e12  e22 sin t  cos t 
2 2
 e1  e2 e1  e22
2

36) C 37) B 38) D 39) A 40) B 41) D 42) A
43) B 44) B 45) D 46) A 47) C 48) A 49) C  e12  e 22  sin t cos   cos t sin  
50) C 51) D 52) C 53) C 54) D 55) A 56) C
1 e2
57) A 58) C 59) D 60) A 61) A 62) A 63) C  e  e12  e 22 sin  t    where   tan e
1
64) B 65) B 66) C 67) C 68) D 69) B 70) D
71) C 72) D 73) B 74) A 75) C 76) A 77) C emax e12  e22 e12  e22
erms   
78) B 79) C 80) D 81) B 82) B 83) D 2 2 2

1 T 2 T2
LEVEL-V - HINTS 11. i rms  i dt  W
T 0 5
1. X L  X C at resonance
12. The equation of a semicircular wave is
X
 L  1 . For both circuits or x 2  y 2  i02 or y 2  i02  x 2
XC
i0
2. The series RLC circuit at resonance selects that 2 1 2
current out of many currents whose frequency is  irms   y dx
2i0  i0
equal to its natural frequency, hence called as
‘acceptor’ or ‘selector’ circuit. 2
1  idt  i dt
3. Xc  and X L   L 13. iave  ; irms 
C  dt  dt
At   res , X C  X L  The circuit capacitive. 14. Apply principle of superposition

1   
6. I sin 314t ; E  2 sin  314t  6  Vm  sin d 
2   2Vm
15. V  0

with respect to current, the emf is lagging. ave
 

So phase difference is    
6 Vm2  sin 2 d 
7. Vm
Irms  10A  Io  10 2 A  14.14 Amp Veff  0

 2
Let I = 0 when t = 0.
 I  Io sin t 16. Since hot wire voltmeter reads only rms value we
will have to find rms value of the given voltage.
 Considering one complete cycle,
Io  Io sin t  t 
2 2
1 2
  1 vrms  v d
t     5  103 sec 2 0
2 2  2  f 200
2
 4V  T  16Vo2  2 1 2
8. V t   o
 T
t
 4
2
for 0  t  ; V   T 2 t vrms 
2   200 sin   100 sin 3  50 sin 5  d
  0

 16Vo2  T / 4 2 2
 2   t dt 1 2
  200 sin   100sin 3  50 sin 2 5 
2
T  0 V2 
 V 0  T / 4  
2 2
 o V
o V 2

T/4
3 ;  Vrms   o 0

 dt 3 3 2  200  100 sin  sin 3

0

117
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

2 100  50 sin 3 sin 5 x 2  y 2  a 2 or y 2  a 2  x 2

2  50  200sin 5 sin  )d
1 a 2
2a  a
1  200 2 1002 502   I rms  y dx
   2  26, 250
2  2 2 2 
1 a 2
vrms  26250  162V .
2
or I rms  
2a  a

a  x 2 dx
18. The slope of the curve AB is BC/AC = 20/T. Next, a
consider the function y at any time t. It is seen that 1 a 2 1 2 x2

2a  a
2
a dx  x dx 
2a
a x
3

DE / AE  BC / AC  10 / T a

or  y  10 / t  10 / T or y  10  10 / T  t
1  3 a3 3 a 3  2a 2
This giveus the equation for the function of one  a  a   
2a  3 3 3
cycle.
1 T 1 T 10   I rms  2a 2 / 3  0.816 a .
Yav  
T 0
y dt   10  t  dt
T 0 T 
i0 V0
2 T
20. irms  ; VDC 
1 T 10  1 5t 2 2

T 
0 [Link]  .[Link]   10t 
T  T T
 15
0 12 1.4  16.8  17
y 
2

2
 i dt
0
20
B irms  
D
21.
 dt
0
10
A y EC
25. A solenoid consists of inductance and resistance.
t
When 100 V dc is applied,   0  Z  R
T 2T
Time Vrms 100
Z R  100 
Mean square value Irms 1
2 When 100 V, 50 Hz ac is applied,
1 T T 10 
  y 2 dt   10  t  dt Vrms 100
T 0 0  T  Z   200 
I rms 0.5
1 T 100 2 200 

T 0 100  2 t 
T
.t  dt
T 
Z2  R2  XL2  2002  100   X2C
2

T  XL  100 3  2fL  100 3

1 100t 3 100t 2 700
 100t    100 3
T 3T 2 T 0
3 L  0.55H
2    50
or rms value  10 7 / 3  15.2 .
1
19. The equation of a semi-circular wave (shown in 26. XL  2fL  2  200   400 
figure) is 
R  300
y
XL 400 4
tan    
R 300 3
4
-a
   tan1  
+a x 3
0

118
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
XL  XC XL  0 1 1 1
27. tan        90o 35. fo  ; f 'o  =
R 0 2  LC 2 L ' C ' 2 L ' 2C
L
E As per the question f 'o  fo ;  L ' 
2
100
36. Erms  volt.
2
100 100 
Irms  mA   10 3 A ,  
2 2 3
I
100 100 
ErmsIrms cos     10 3  cos
Current lags behind the applied voltage by a phase 2 2 3
angle of 90o or current leads the applied voltage 100  100 1
  103   2.5 watt
by a phase angle of 90o . 2 2
28. In series R-L-C circuit, VL and VC are always 37. x  4  , R  3 
oppsoite in phase.
Z  R 2  X2  3 2  4 2  5
  Vc  VL   7.4  2.6  4.8 V
R 3
29. L eq  L  L  2L Power factor  cos     0.6
Z 5
C1C2 C2 C Eo I 
Ceq    38. P  ErmsIrms cos    o cos  0
C1  C2 2C 2 2 2 2

1 1 1 39. V 2  VR2  VC2  VR  6 volt

f  
2 L eqCeq C 2 LC V 
2 2L  X 
2   tan 1  C   tan 1  C 
 R   VR 
R 3 300 8  4
30. cos   or  or Z  20   tan 1    tan 1  
|Z| 2 | Z| 6  3
31. I = current flowing through condenser/capacitor.
V R
R, L, C are connected in series. So same current 40. P  VIcos   V  
2 2 2
flows through R. R  L R  2L2
2

1 V 2R
VR  IR  15  I  60  I   0.25 A P
4 R2  2L2
R R V
I
32. cos    1 41. 2
R   L 
2
Z R
33. Ceff  C1  C2  C3 V 2R V2
Power loss=I2R  2

 4 F  2.5 F  3.5 F  10 F R 2   L  2L2
R
R
Leff  L1  L2  1.7mH  2.3mH  4mH
For minimum power loss, resistance should be low
Resonance frequency, and inductance shold be high.
1 1 220
  42. Z   100 , R = Z
L eff Ceff 4  10  10  10 6
3
2.2
10 4 1
  0.5  10 4 rad / s X C  X L  100  100
2 
1 1 Power factor of box
fo    1000Hz R 100 1
34. 2 LC 1 1  
2 .  10 6 = R X2 2 2
100  100 2
2
2 2 C

119
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV
43. The impedance in RL circuit is same as the RC But we cannot obtain a leading phase difference of
circuit:  / 4 if we use only capacitor
1 (phase difference of  / 2 ), or only (inductor and
 R 2   2 L2  R 2  resistor) (Phase difference of
 2 L2
 / 2 ). or only resistor (phase difference of 0).
1 1 48. Inductance does not consume power
 2  or f  2
LC 2 LC 2
Pav  I rms R   5.6  10  313.6 W
  49. P  Vrms I rms cos 
44. v  v0 sin  t   / 4   v0 cos  t  
 4 100  100 
  103  cos900 = 0
2 2 
1 1
50. 1 L   C  2 L   C
1 2
I
1
/4 Solving 12   02
LC
V 52. Apply parallelogram law
Since V lags current, an inductor canbring it in phase 53. At resonance VL and VC are equal in magnitude
with current. with phase difference 1800
45. Since current leads voltage by 450 , there mustbe 
   
a resistor and a capacitor. We  20sin  t  
54. V2  20 cos  t  6   3
can say nothing about inductor surely. It may or  
The element x is practical capacitor
may not be present.
46. It is condition of resonance then only potential on ir
55. i  (say at angular frequencies 1 and 2 )
each are equal and 100V. 2
100 V V0 V0

2
100 V
 1  2R
R 2   L  
 C 
100 V
1
47. If we have all R, L and C then I vs.E will be Solving, 1 L   C   R ..... (i)
IXC 1

IR 1
2 L   R ...... (ii)
E 2C
IXL 1
To obtain a leading phase differene of  /4 : Adding, 12  ...... (iii)
LC
If X L  X C and we use all R, L and C in the circuit, R
Subtracting and using (iii) 2  1 
then the resultant graph will be: L
I(XC  Xi) R
 f 2  f1 
Resultant 2L
56. At resonance, VL = VC also VL and VC are in
opposite phase. A series LCR circuit containing a
resistance of 120 has an angular resonance
IR frequency. At resonance, voltage across resistance
E
Which can give a leading phase difference of  / 4 : and inductance are 60 V and 40 V.
Similarly, if we have only resistance and capacitor 57. At resonance X L  X C in LCR circuit at
then we can obtain a phase resonance current
difference of  / 4 (leading) for suitable values of V
I mms  rms  10 2 ......  i 
I, X C and R. R
120
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS

 In LCR circuit, Z  R 2   X L  X C 
2
When current lags by : R  X 
4
2
Vrms Vrms 
2 1 
I rms   10 A  R  L 
2
R X
2
2R   C 
E0 V 2R
58. Initially 5  (for X) and E0  200V For C  C1 , P1  2
R  1 
2
E R  L 
5  0 (for Y)   C1 
XL
In the series combinat ion of X and Y V 2R
For C  C2 , P2  2
E0 i  1 
i0   irms  0 R  L 2
2 ;
2
R  XL 2   C2 
1 1 Accoriding to problem,
 2f1 L 2f 2 L 
59. tan   2f1C and tan   2f 2C P2   P1
4 R 4 R
1 V 2R V 2R
 
Resonant frequency   1 
2
 1 
2
2 LC  L   R2  L   R2
60. From the graph current leads emf, hence the circuit  
 C2   
 C1 
should be R-C or
1 2
61. Resonant frequency   1 
2 LC 2  L    R2
 1    C1 
i
10
 2A
2
  L   C   R  ..........1
62. 2 2 
32  15  11
R
VL  VC  i  X L  X C   2 15  11  8V Power factor, cos  
Z
63. Pave  Erms irms cos  R
Energy dissipated  Pave  time  cos  
2
 1  2
1
64. P   V0i0 cos   P  Ppeak cos   L  C   R
1
2
1 1  R
2
 
 Ppeak  Ppeak cos   cos    
2 3
cos 1 
2
 1  2

65. tan  
1
and  
   L   C   R
2
CR 6
66. From the graph current leads emf. Hence the circuit 2
 1  R2
 1   L   R 2
 ..........  2
should be RC. For the circuit tan    C1  cos 2 1
4 CR
Similarly,
24
69. Initially at resonance 6   1 
2
R2
R  L   R 2
 ..........  3
 Resistance of coil R  4    C1  cos 2 2
12 12 Form eqns. (1), (2) and (3), we get
Later with 12V battery i    1.5 A
Rr 44 2
 1 
70. Average power 2  L    R
2

 1    C1
V 2R   L   R2 
P   C2  
Z2
121
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

R2 R2 Vt (V)
or  or cos 2  2   cos 2 1
cos 2 2  cos2 1 16

cos 2 cos 2
or cos    ; 
cos 1
1   1
1

cos  2  cos 1 t

cos 1
   1  76. From KVL we have
 Percentage change in cos  is VA  i1R1  i2 R2  VC ; VA  VC  i1R1  i2 R2
Substituting the values, we have
 cos  2  cos 1 
 cos  1
  100   
  1  100 VAC  10e 2 t   2    4  3 
On putting the value we get percentage change 30% VAC   20e2 t  12  V
0 0
i1  i2  At t  0,VAC  8V ; At t  ,VAC  12V
2 2
71.  1  ;
2  1 
2
R   R   Therefore, VAC decreases exponentially from 8V
 100C   500C 
to - 12V .
Clearly i1  i2
77. VA  i1R1  VC  VB ; V  V  V  i R  V
Erms AB A B 1 1 C
Ammeter reading, i  Substitution the value we have,
2
72.  1 
R 2   L   VAB  10e 2t   2   3e 2t ; V AB  17 e 2tV
 C 
and R  4  6  10 Thus, VAB decreases exponentially from 17V to 0.
2 78. VC  i2 R2  iL  VD ; VCD  VC  VD  i2 R2  iL
 1  2
Voltmeter reading, V = i R   L  and Substituting the values we have,
C 
1

R1  4 VCD   4  3  16e 2t ; VCD  12  16e 2 t V
73. In current in the capacitor, At t  0 , VCD  28V ; And at t   , VCD  12V
q  CVC   2   3e 2 t   6e 2t A i.e., VCD decreases exponentially from 28V to 12V
79. C) Current drawn is maximum at resonant
dq
Current, ic  2 t angular frequency. L eq = 4 mH Ceq = 10mF
dt  12e A
1
Current flows from B to O.   5000 rad / s
LC
From KVL, we have iL  i1  i2  iC
80. (D) ceq decreases thereby increasing resonant
 10e2t  4  12e2t   4  2e  A   2  2 1  e   A frequency.
2 t 2 t

100
74. iL vs. time graph is as shown in figure. iL increase 81. (B) At resonance irms   1A
100
from 2A to 4A exponentially.
i2 (A)
Power supplied = Vrms Irms cos 
(  0 at resonance ) ; P = 100 W
4
1 2
2 82. (B) Average energy stored  Lirms
2
t 1
 (2.4  10 3 H ).(1A) 2  1.2mJ
diL 2
d 83. (D) As 1ms time duration is very less than time
75. VL  L
dt
;  4
dt
 4  2e 2t   16e 2tV
period T at resonance, thermal energy produced is
VL decreases exponentially from 16A to 0 as shown not possible to calculate without information about
in figure start of the given time duration.

122
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
7. In the a.c. circuit shown in the figure. The
LEVEL-VI supply voltage has a constant r.m.s, value V,
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS but variable frequency f. Resonance
RMS & AVERAGE VALUE OF AC frequency in hertz is
1. If a direct current of value of ‘a’ ampere is R=50 L
superimposed on an alternating current
I  b sin t flowing through a wire, what is the 1
F
1
H
effective value of the resulting current in the 4 
circuit?

dc a.c
a V=300V
I I bo
o (a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 1000 (d) 200
t t
8. If the power factor is 1/2 in a series RL circuit
b2 a2 b2 with R = 100  . If AC mains, 50 Hz is used,
a) a2  b2 (b) a 2  (c)  b 2 (d) a 2 
2 2 3 then L is
2. The secondary coil of an ideal step down
transformer is delivering 500 watt power at 3
12.5 A current. if the ratio of turns in the (a) henry (b)  henry

primary to the secondary is` 5:1; then the
current flowing in the primary coil will be: (c) 3 henry (d) 3 henry
a) 62.5 A b) 2.5 A c) 6 A d) 0.4 A
3. In a step-up transformer the turn’s ratio is 10. 9. An inductor  X L  2  a capacitor  X C  8 
If the frequency of the current in the
primary coil is 50 Hz then the frequency of and a resistance  8  are connected in series
the current in the second ary coil will be with an ac source. The voltage output of A.C
a) 500 Hz b) 5 Hz c) 60 Hz d) 50 Hz source is given by v =10 cos 100  t . The
4. A power transformer is used to step up an instantaneous p.d. between A and B, when it
alternating emf of 220 volt to 11 kv to transmit is half of the voltage output from source at
4.4 kw of power. If the primary coil has 1000
that instant will be:
turns, what is the current in the secondary?
a) 4A b) 0.4A c) 0.04A d) 0.2A xC=8
xL=2 8
AC across L-R, L-C, L-C-R of circuit
A
5. An alternating voltage of 200 volt, at 400 B
cycles/sec is applied in a circuit containing an
inductance of 0.01 henry in series with a
resistance of 22.8 ohms. The voltage across 
the inductance is
a) 148.2 volt b) 392.4 volt
24 24 7 5
c) 74.1 volt d) 196.2 volt a) volts b) volts c) volts d) volts
7 5 24 24
6. If the readings V1 and V3 are 100 volt, each then
10. A resistor of resistance 100 is connected to
reading of V2 is:
L R C an AC source of emf   12V  sin  250s 1  t .
find the energy dissipated as heat during t=0
V1 V2 V3
to t=1.0ms
~
200 volt, 50 Hz
a) 0.61 10 J b) 0.61 10 J
a) 0 volt b) 100 volt c) 200 volt c) 2.61104 J d) 2.61106 J
d) cannot be determined by given information
123
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

11. In the given AC circuit, which of the following -1  X  X

C  -1  C 
is incorrect: a) tan  R   2 b) tan  R 
   
xL=10 xC=10 R=10
-1  X
C  

c) tan  R   2 d)
  2
15. In the circuit current through source will be
 [Given  cos 1  0.6   530  ]
 = 100 sin (100t + /2)
XL=40 R=30
a) Voltage across resistance is lagging by 900 than
the voltage across capacitor
b) Voltage across capacitor is lagging by 1800 than
voltage across inductor
c) Voltage across inductor is leading by 900 than 
voltage across resistance V  10  10 2 sin 100 t  450 
d) resistance of the circuit is equal to impedance
reactance of circuit 1 2
(A)  sin 100 t  80 
12. In the series circuit shown in the figure the 3 5
voltmeter reading will be(all the meters are
1 2
ideal). (B)  sin 100 t  80 
5 5
300V 300V
V V V 1 2
(C)  sin 100 t  980 
3 5
R L C 1 2
A (D)  sin 100 t  980 
200V 5 5
 16. In figure below if Z L  Zc and reading of
a) 300 V b) 200 V c) 100 V d) 600 V ammeter is 1 A.
13. In the circuit diagram shown, Find value of source voltage V.
X C  100, X L  200 & R  100 . The ZL ZC
effective current through the source is: (A) 80 volt
1
C L H (B) 60 volt

200V  R
L R=80 (C) 100 volt
 A

V, 30Hz (D) None
a) 2A b) 2 2A c) 0.5A d) 0.4 A
14. In the given circuit assuming inductor and 17. As shown in figure value of inductive
source to be ideal, the phase difference reactance X L will be if source voltage is
between current I1 and I2 : 100 volt
R1=20 XL1=30 R2=10 XC1=40 
L

I1 I=2A
XL


I2 V

(A) 40  (B) 30 
XC R (C) 50  (D) Can have any value
124
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
18. The power factor of the circuit shown in the III) Readings in A and V1 are always in phase
figure is
which of these statements are/is correct
R=20 XC=20
V1
XL=100
40

 C
 R V2
220V, 50Hz
A
(A) 0.4 (B) 0.2 (C) 0.8 (D) 0.6
19. What will be the reading of the voltmeter A. I only B. II only
across the resistance and ammeter in the C. I and II only D. II and III only
circuit shown in the figure? 22. Two impedances Z1 and Z 2 when connected
R=100 separatley across a 230V, 50Hz supply
consumed 100 W and 60 W at power factors
V V V
of 0.5 lagging and 0.6 leading respectively. If
100V 100V
these impedances are now connected in series
A across the same supply, find :
(a) total power absorbed
 (b) the value of the impedance to be added in
220V, 50Hz series so as to raise the overall power factor
(A) 300 V, 2A (B) 800 V, 2A to unity.
(C) 100 V, 2A (D) 220 V, 2.2A A. 19 W , 295  B. 19 W ,95 
20. In an L-R-C series circuit the current is given C. 99 W ,195  D. 75W ,195 
by i  I cos t . The voltage amplitudes for 23. In the LCR circuit shown in figure
the resistor, inductor and capacitor are VR ,VL XC=20 R=10 XL=10

and VC respectively..
(a) The instantaneous power into the resistor
is pR  VR I cos 2  t .

(b) The instantaneous power into the inductor
V  200 2 sin t
is pL  VL I sin t cos t .
(c) The instantaneous power into the capacitor (1) current will lead the voltage
(2) rms value of current is 20 A
is pC  VC I sin  t cos  t .
1
(d) pR  pL  pC equals total power p (3) power factor of the circuit is
2
supplied by the source at each instant of time. (4) voltage drop across resistance is 100 V
A. (a), (c), (d) are correct A. (1) and (3) are correct
B. (b), (c) are correct B. (1) and (4) are correct
C. (a) is correct C. (2) and (3) are correct
D. (a), (b), (c), (d) are correct
D. (3) and (4) are correct
21. The diagram shows a capacitor C and a
resistor R connected in series to an ac source. MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
V1 and V2 are voltameters and A is an ammeter 24. In an AC series circuit, the instantaneous
consider now the following statements current is zero when the instantaneous voltage
is maximum. Connected to the source may be
I) Readings in A and V2 are always in phase
(a) pure inductor (b) pure capacitors
II) Reading in V1 is ahead in phase with reading (c) pure resistor
in V2 (d) combination of an inductor and a capacitor
125
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

25. Which statement(s) is False for the series 30. A circuit has three elements, a resistance of
resonant condition 11  , a coil of inductive reactance 120  and
(A) current maximum and phase difference between a capacitive reactance of 120  in series and
E and i is  / 2 connected to an A.C. source of 110 V, 60 Hz.
(B) current maximum and phase difference between Which of the three elements have minimum
E and i is zero potential difference?
(C) voltage maximum and phase difference between (A) Resistance (B) Capacitance (C) Inductor
E and i is zero (D) All will have equal potential difference
(D) voltage maximum and phase difference between 31. An inductor 20  103 henry, a capacitor
E and i is  / 2 100F and a resistor 50 are connected in
26. An alternating e.m.f. of frequency series across a source of emf V  10sin 314t .
 1  (a) The energy dissipated in the circuit in 20
 minutes is 951 J.
 2 LC  is applied to a series LCR
(b) If resistance is removed from the circuit
circuit. For this frequency of the applied e.m.f. and the value of inductance is doubled, then
A. The circuit is at resonance and its impedance is the variation of current with time in the new
made up only of a reactive part circuit is 0.52 cos (314 t)
B. The current in the circuit is in phase with the applied A. Both (a) and (b) are correct
e.m.f. and the voltage across R equals this applied B. Both (a) and (b) are false
emf C. Only (a) is correct D. Only (b) is correct
C. The sum of the p.d’s across the inductance and 32. What will be the reading of the voltmeter
capacitance equals the applied e.m.f. which is 1800 across the resistance and ammeter in the
circuit shown in the figure?
ahead of phase of the current in the circuit
D. The quality factor of the circuit is 100

 L / R or 1/  CR and this is a measure of the

voltage magnification (produced by the circuit at V V V
resonance) as well as the sharpness of resonance 100V 100V
A
of the circuit.
27. An alternating voltage (in volts) varies with 
time t (in seconds) as V = 200 sin (100 t )
200V, 50Hz
(A) The peak value of the voltage is 200 V
(B) The rms value of the voltage is 220 V (A) 200 V (B) 300 V (C) 3 A (D) 2 A
33. A 50  electric heater is connected to
(C) The rms value of the voltage is 100 2 V
100 V, 60 Hz ac supply.
(D) The frequency of the voltage is 50 Hz (A) The peak value of the voltatge is 100 V
28. An AC source rated 100 V (rms) supplies a (B) The peak value of the current in the circuit is
current of 10 A (rms) to a circuit. The average
2 2A
power delivered by the source
(A) must be 1000 W (C) The rms value of the voltage is 100 V
(B) may be 1000 W (D) The rms value of the current is 2 A
(C) may be greater than 1000 W 34. In a series LCR circuit
(D) may be less than 1000 W 1
H
1
F
29. In an L-R circuit, the value of L is (0.4 / ) 2 2
henry and the value of R is 30 ohm. If in the
circuit, an alternating emf of 200 volt at 50
R
cycles per second is connected, the impedance
of the circuit and current will be 
(A) 50 ohm (B) 60 ohm (A) the voltage VL across the inductance leads the
(C) 2 ampere (D) 4 ampere. current in the circuit by a phase angle of  / 2
126
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
(B) the voltage VC across the capacitance lags A) The current leads the emf in the circuit
behind the current by a phase angle of  / 2 B) The circuit is more inductive than capacitive
(C) the voltage VR across the resistance is in phase C) To increase the rate at which energy is
with the current transferred to the resistive load, L should be
(D) the votage across the series combination of L, decreased.
C and R is V = VL + VC + VR. D) To increase the rate at which energy is
35. In a series LCR circuit with an AC source transferred to the resistive load, C should be
(Erms = 50 V and  = 50 /  Hz ), R = 300  , decreased.
38. In the given AC circuit, which of the following
C  0.02mF, L  1.0H . Which of the following
is incorrect:
is correct?
XL=10 XC=10 R=10
(A) the rms current in the circuit is 0.1 A
(B) the rms potential difference across the capacitor
is 50 V
(C) the rms potential difference across the capacitor
is 14.1 V
(D) the rms current in the circuit is 0.14 A 
2  = 100sin (100t + /2)
36. In the figure shown R  100 L  H and

A) Voltage across resistance is lagging by 900 than
8 the voltage across capacitor
C  F are connected in series with an a.c.
 B) Voltage across capacitor is lagging by 1800 than
source of 200 volt and frequency ‘f’. V1 and voltage across inductor
V2 are two hot-wire voltmeters. If the readings C) Voltage across inductor is leading by 900 than
voltage across resistance
of V1 and V2 are same then: D) Resistance of the circuit is equal to reactance of
circuit
V1 V2
39. In the circuit shown, resistance R  100 ,
R L
1
inductance L  H and capacitance

4
c  F are connected in series with an ac
 
source of 100 volt and frequency ‘f’. If the
A) f=125 Hz B) f=250 Hz readings of the hot wire voltmeters V1 and
C) Current through R is 2A
V2 are same then:
D) V1  V2  1000 volt
37. Graph shows variation of source emf V and V1 V2
current i in a series RLC circuit, with time. R L

Vori

V
i 
t
A) f = 125 Hz B) f = 250 Hz
C) Current through R is 1A
D) V1  V2 =500 volt
127
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

40. Choose correct statement of capacitance 42. A series LCR circuit containing a resistance
increases from zero (0) to infinity  . of 120 has angular resonance frequency
Box–1 4  105 rads 1 . At resonance the voltages
across resistance and inductance are 60 V and
R XL C 40 V respectively.
1
(a) The value of L and C are 0.2 mH, F
32
V1 A (b) 8 105 rad/s, the current lags the voltage by 450
 (c) 6 105 rad/s, the current lags the voltage by 450
A. (a), (c) are correct B. (a), (b) are correct
V,fHz C. (a), (b), (c) are correct
(A) Current increases from 0 (zero) to maximum D. (a), (b), (c) are wrong
then decreases to zero 43. A current of 4 A flows in a coil when connected
(B) Reading of voltmeter first increases and it will to a 12 V DC source. If the same coil is
connected to a 12 V, 50 rad/s AC source a
be maximum when X L  X C current of 2.4 A flows in the circuit.
(C) Power factor of circuit first increases then (a) The inductance of the coil is 0.06H
decreases (b) The inductance of the coil is 0.08H
(D) V1 may be greater than V, V1 may be equal V, (c) When 2500 F capacitor is connected in
series with the coil, then power developed in
V1 maybe less than V, where V1 the circuit is 17.28 W
is reading of voltmeter and V is source voltage. A. (a), (c) are correct B. (b), (c) are correct
41. A box P and a coil Q are connected in series C. (a), (b), (c) are correct D. Only (b) is correct
with an AC source of variable frequency. The 44. In the given series R-L-C circuit, R  100 ,
emf of the source is constant at 10 V. Box P L  103 H , C  0.1F , V0  200V
contains a capacitance of 1F in series with a 6L
Bulb
C C
resistance of 32 . Coil Q has a self-
inductance 4.9 mH and a resistance of 68 R R 3L

in series. The frequency is adjusted so that

the maximum current flows in P and Q. At this
frequency 
(a) The impedance of P is 77 V= 200sin cot
(a) The resonant frequency is 15924 Hz
(b) The impedance of Q is 85
(b) The current at resonance is 1 A
(c) Voltage across P is 7.7V (c) The power dissipated in the circuit at
(d) Voltage across Q is 9.76V resonance is 100 W
A. (a), (b), (c) are correct B. (a), (b), (c) are wrong
C. Only (a), (b) are correct D. Only (b), (c) are correct
1mF 32 68W 45. An alternating emf of frequency f = 50 Hz,
C R1 L R2 peak voltage V0  21 volt is applied to a series
BoxP Coil Q circuit of resistance R  20ohm , an inductance
L  100mH and a capacitor of C  30F .
(a) The maximum current is 3A
(b) The phase difference between current and
 applied voltage is 750
A. Only (a), (c) are correct (c) The current i as a function of time ‘t’ is
B. Only (a), (d) are correct i  3sin  314t  750 
C. Only (c), (d) are correct A. Only (a), (b) are correct B. Only (b), (c) are correct
D. (a), (c), (d) are correct C. (a), (b), (c) are correct D. (a), (b), (c) are wrong

128
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
46. A resistor R is connected in series with a coil. COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
The system is subjected to an A.C supply of PASSAGE-1:
peak voltage V0 . If the peak voltages dropped A 100  resistance is connected in series with a
across the resistor R and the coil are V1 and 4H inductor. The voltage across the resistor is,
VR = (2.0V) sin (103t).
V2 respectively
49. Find the expression of circuit current
(a) The power dissipated in the coil is
(A) 2  102 A sin103 t 
V02  V12  V22
(B) 2  103 A sin102 t 
2R
(b) The power dissipated in the circuit is (C) 2  103 A sin103 t 
V02  V12  V22 (D)  2  102 A  sin 102 t 
2R 50. Find the inductive reactance
Coil.
(A) 2 × 103 ohm (B) 3 × 103 ohm
R 3
(C) 4 × 10 ohm (D) 5 × 103 ohm
51. Find amplitude of the voltage across the
V1 V2 inductor.
A. Only (a) is correct B. Only (b) is correct (A) 40 V (B) 60 V (C) 80 V (D) 90 V
C. (a), (b) are wrong D. (a), (b) are correct PASSAGE-2:
47. For the AC circuit shown, the reading of If various elements, i.e., resistance, capcitance and
ammeter and voltmeter are 5A and
inductance which are in series and having values
50 5 volts respectively, then 1000  , 1F and 2.0 H respectively. Given emf
20mH –
as, V  100 2 sin1000 t volts
10 50F 52. Voltage across the resistor is
(A) 70.7 Volts (B) 100 Volts
(C) 141.4 Volts (D) 270.7 Volts
53. Voltage across the inductor is
(A) 70.7 Volts (B) 100 Volts
– –
(C) 141.4 Volts (D) 270.7 Volts
A. average power delivered by the source is 250W 54. Voltage across the capacitor is
B. rms value of AC source is 50 volts (A) 70.7 Volts (B) 100 volts
C. voltage gain is 2 D. frequency of ac source is (C) 141.4 Volts (D) 270.7 Volts
48. In the circuit shown in fig. If both the lamps
L1 and L2 are identical. PASSAGE-3:
500F One application of L-R-C series circuits is to high
L1
pass or low pass filters, which filter out either the
low or high frequency components of a signal. A
L2
high pass filter is shown in figure Where the output
10mH voltage is taken across the L-R where L-R
 combination represents and inductive coil that also
N
has resistance due to the large length of the wire in
200 V, 500 Hz
the coil.
A. their brightness will be same
B. L1 will be brighter than L2
C. as the frequency of supply voltage is increased,  Vs C
brightness of L1 will increase and that of L2 will R L
decrease
D. only L2 will glow because the capacitor has
infinite resistance Vout

129
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

55. Find the ratio for Vout / Vs as a function of the PASSAGE-5:

angular frequency  of the source An alternating voltage of 260 volt and
 = 100 radian/second, is applied in an LCR series
R 2  L2 R 2  2L2
2 2
circuit where L = 0.01H, C = 4  104 F and
(A)  1  (B)  1 
R 2   L   R 2   L   R  10 .
 C   C 
61. Find the power supplied by the source:
R 2  2L A) 1000 W B) 6760 W C) 3380 W D) 3000 W
2
(C)  1  (D) 1 62. Find the resonance frequency of the circuit (in
R 2   C  
 L  hertz):
56. Which of the following statement is correct 25 250 40 200
A) B) C) D)
when  is small in the case of Vout / Vs    
R R 63. The power sullpied by the source at the above
(A) RC (B) (C) RL (D) resonance frequency is:
L C A) 1000W B) 6760W C) 3380W D) 3000W
57. Which statement is correct in the limit of large
PASSAGE-6:
frequency is reached ? (for Vout / Vs )
A steady 4A flows in an inductor coil when
R connected to a 12V source as shown in figure. If
(A) 1 (B) RC (C) RL (D) the same coil is connected to an ac source of 12V,
L
PASSAGE-4: 50 rad/s, a current of 2.4A flows in the circuit as
In A.C. source peak value of A.C. is the maximum shown in figure2. Now after these observations, a
value of current in either direction of the cycle. Root 1
moon square (RMS) is also defined as the direct capacitor of capacitance F is connected in
current which produces the same heating effect in 50
a resistor as the actual A.C. series with the coil and with the same AC source
58. A.C. measuring instrument measures its as shown in figure 3.
(A) rms value (B) Peak value
(a)
(C) Average value (D) Square of current
59. Current time graph of different source is given  
12V
which one will have R.M.S. value V0 12V, 50 red/sec. 12V, 50 red/sec.
(Figure 1) (Figure 2) (Figure 3)

2V0
64. The inductance of the coil is nearly equal to
V0 A) 0.01 H B) 0.02 H C) 0.04 H D) 0.08 H
T/2 T 2T
A) 3T 2T B) 3T
65. The resistance of the coil is:
T T/2
2 2V0 2 A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
V0
66. The average power supplied to the curcuit
after connecting capacitance in series is
2V0 4V0 approximately equal to:
C) (D) A) 24 W B) 72 W C) 144 W D) 18.2 W
PASSAGE-7:
V=2V0 sin r In a series L-R circuit, connected with a sinusoidal
60. Average voltage for the given source is ac source, the maximum potential difference across
L and R are respectively 3 volts and 4 volts.
2V0
67. At an instant the potential difference across
resistor is 2 volts. The potential difference in
volt, across the inductor at the same instant
T/2 T 3T 2T
will be:
2
a) 3cos 300 b) 3cos 600
V0 3V0
(A) V0 (B) 2V0 (C) (D) c) 6 cos 450 d) 6
2 2
130
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
68. At the same instant, the magnitude of the 78. The power dissipated in the inductance coil is
potential difference in volt, across the ac A. zero B. 320 W C. 144 W D. 160 W
source will be PASSAGE-11:
A) 3cos 67 0 B) 5sin 37 0 C) 4 cos 97 0 D) 0 The maximum values of the phasors (currents and
69. If the current at this instant is decreasing the voltage) in A.C. circuits can be treated as vectors
magnitude of potential difference at that rotating with an angular frequency equal to the
instant across the ac source is angular frequency of the rotor of the generator. If
A) increasing B) decreasing 
the phase difference between two phasors A1 and
C) Constant D) Can’t be said 
PASSAGE-8: A2 is  , the resultant phasor is:
A constant voltage at a frequency of 1 MHz is
A2 w
applied to an inductor in series with variable
capacitor; when capacitor is 500 pF, the current f
b
has its maximum value, while it is reduced to half A1
when capacitance is 600 pF. Find
70. Resistance (R) A  A12  A22  2 A1 A2 cos 
(A) 30  (B) 20  (C) 40  (D) 50  
and the phase of A with respect to A1 is
71. The inductance L
(A) 0.05 mH (B) 0.5mH (C) 0.005mH (D) 5 mH A2 sin 
72. Q factor of an inductor   tan 1
A1  A2 cos 
(A) 10.4 (B) 20.8 (C) 5.2 (D) 9.4
RMS value
PASSAGE-9:
When 1A passed through three coils A, B, C in The rms value of y  f  t  is
series the voltage drops are respectively 6, 3 and 1

8 volt on direct current source and 7, 5 and 10 volt T 2 2

   f  t   dt 
on Alternating current source  
yrms  0 
73. Power factor of coil B, will be T
 
(A) 0.6 (B) 0.8 (C) 0.7 (D) None  
74. Power dissipated in coil C
(A) 10 watt (B) 6 watt (C) 5 watt (D) 8 watt Average value
75. Power factor of whole circuit when alternating T

current flow
The average value of y  f  t  is y 
 ydt
0
(A) 0.6 (B) 0.8 (C) 0.78 (D) 1 av
T
PASSAGE-10: Using the above concepts, answer the following
A series circuit connected across a 200 V, 60 Hz questions.
line consists of a capacitive reactance 30 non 79. The currents i1 and i2 in A.C. circuit are given
inductive resistor of 44 and a coil of inductive
reactance 90 and resistence 36 as shown in      
as: i1  4 sin  t  3  and i2  4 sin  t  3 
the diagram.    
XC=30 i3

200V  R1=44
60Hz
i2

XL=90 i1
R2=36
The current i3 can be given as:
76. The potential difference across the coil is
A. 100 V B. 194 V C. 97 V D. Zero   2  
A. 4 3 sin  t  3  B. 2 3 cos  t  3 
77. The power used in the circuit is    
A. 320 W B. 144 W C. 160 W D. 96 W C. 4sin  t  D. 4cos  t 
131
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

80. The rms value of i3 is 86. Current versus time graph across the inductor
wil be
A. 2 6 B. 6 C. 3 2 D. 2 2
iL iL
81. The average value of i in i  t graph (semi-
circular) is
i A. t B. t

2
iL iL
t
 2 4
C. t D. t
  
A.  B. C. D.
2 3 2
PASSAGE-12:
PASSAGE-14:
A series R-L-C circuit has R=100 ohm. L=0.2
In the given arrangement the square loop of area
1 10 cm2 rotates with an angular velocity  about
mH and C  F . The applied voltage
2 its diagonal. The loop is connected to a inductance
V  20sin t . Then of L  100 mH and a capacitance of 10 mF in
VR max series. The lead wires have a net resistance of
82. At resonant frequency 0 ,  10  . Given that B = 0.1 T and   63 rad/s,
VL max
A. 2 B. 5 C. 3 D. 4
83. When the current lags the applied voltage by    
450 , the value of  is approximately     L
A. 5  10 5 rad / s B. 3  105 rad / s 
    C
C. 4  105 rad / s D. 4  1010 rad / s
84. Referring the above question, the equation of
the current is 87. Find the rms current
A. 6105 A B. 5105 A
A. 0.2 sin  t  tan 1 0.3 
C. 4105 A D. 7105 A
B. 0.2 sin  t  tan 0.3 
1
88. Find the energy dissipated in 50 sec.
C. 0.3cos  t  tan 1 0.3  A. 6.12106 J B. 8.12105 J
C. 5.12 105 J D. 8.1210 6 J
D. 0.3cos  t  tan 0.3  1
89. If the current is in phase with voltage, what
PASSAGE-13: should be the frequency of rotation of the coil.
The potential difference across a 2H inductor as a A. 31.6 rad/s B. 29.5 rad/s
function of time is shown in figure. At time t = 0, C. 25.6 rad/s D. 20.5 rad/s
current is zero PASSAGE-15:
85. Current at t = 2 s is A 20 V 5 watt lamp is used in ac main 220 V and
VL(volt) frequency 50 c.p.s.
90. Capacitance of capacitor, to be put in series
10 to run the lamp
A. 2m F B. 4m F C. 6m F D. 8mF
t(s) 91. Inductance of inductor, to be put in series to
2 4
run the lamp.
A. 1 A B. 3 A C. 4 A D. 5 A A. 2.53H B. 5H C. 7.5H D. 9H
132
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
92. What pure resistance should be included in The primary (10) coil is connected to a sorce of
place of the above passive elements so that alternating (AC) current. The secondary (20) coil
the lamp can run on its rated voltage ? is connected to resistor such as a light bulb. The
A. 120  B. 240  C. 800  D. 720  AC source produces an oscillating voltage and
current in the primary coil that produces an
PASSAGE-16: oscillating magnetic field in the core material. This
In the circuit shown in the figure in turn induces an oscillating voltage and AC current
R  50  , E1  25 3 volt and E2  25 6 in the secondary coil
sin  t volt where   100 s 1 . The switch s is Students collected the following data comparing
the number of turns per coil (N) , the voltage (V)
closed at time t = 0, and remains closed for 14
and the current (I) in the coils of three transformers.
minutes, then it is opened.
93. Find the amount of heat produced in the
Transformer Primary Coil Secondary Coil
resistor
R
1 100 10V 10A 200 20V 5A
2 100 10V 10A 50 5V 20A
3 100 10V 10A 100 5V 20A
96. The primary coil of a transformer has 100 turns
and is connected to a 120 V AC source. How

E1 E2 S
many turns are in the secondary coil if there’s
a 2400 V acorss it
A. 64000 J B. 56000 J C. 63000 J D. 75000 J A. 5 B. 50 C. 200 D. 2000
94. If total heat produced is used to raise the 97. A transformer with 40 turns in its primary coil
temperature of 3 kg of water at 200 C , what is connected to a 120 V AC source. If 20 W of
would be the final temperature of water ? power is supplied to the primary coil, how much
A. 150 C B. 250 C C. 450 C D. 750 C power is developed in the secondary coil?
95. Find the value of the direct current that will A. 10 W B. 20 W C. 80 W D. 160 W
produce same amount of heat in the resistor 98. Which of the follwing is a correct expression
in same time as combination of DC source and for R, the resistance of the load connected to
AC source has produced Specific heat of water the secondary coil
= 4200 J/kg-0 C.  V10   N 20 
2
 V10   N 20 
A. 1.23 A B. 1.22 A C. 2.24 A D. 3.25 A A.  I   N  B.    
PASSAGE-17:  10   10   I10   N10 
A physics lab is designed to study the transfer of 2
electrial energy from one circuit to another by means  V10   N10   V10   N10 
of a magnetic field using simple transformers. Each C.  I   N  D.    
 10   20   I10   N 20 
transformer has two coils of wire electrically
insulated from each other but wound a round a 99. A 12 V battery is used to supply 2.0 mA of
common core of ferromagnetic material. The two current to the 300 turns in the primary coil of
wires are close together but do not touch each other a given transformer. What is the current in the
secondary coil if N2 = 150 turns
Ferromagnetic core A. zero B. 1.0 mA C. 2.0 mA D. 4.0 mA
PASSAGE-18:
In the circuit shown in figure:
AC R
3 3
R1  10, L  H , R2  20 and C mF..
10 2
Current in L  R1 circuit is I1 in C  R2 circuit is
10 Coil 20 Coil I 2 and the main current is I

133
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

C R2 Column I
(A) The impedance of the circuit at resonance (in
R1 L
ohm)
(B) The current amplitude at resonance (in A)
(C) The rms potential drop across the inductor at
 resonance (in volt)
V  200 2 sin (100t)V (D) The rms potential drop across the resistor at
resonance (in V)
100. Phase difference between I1 and I 2 is Column II
A. 00 B. 900 C. 1800 D. 600 (P) 1250 V (Q) 200 V (R) 40 V (S) 5 2 A
101. At some instant current in L  R1 circuit is 10 106. In L-C-R series circuit suppose r is the
A. At the same instant current in C-R2 branch resonance frequency, then match the following
will be columns:
Column I
A. 5 A B. 5 2A C. 5 6 A D. 5 3A (A) If   r (B) If   r
102. At some instant I1 in the circuit is 10 2A , (C) If   2r (D) If   r
then at this instant current I will be Column II
A. 20 A B. 10 2A C. 20 2A D. 25 A (P) current will lead the voltage
(Q) voltage will lead the current
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
(R) XL  4XC
103. Column I
A. In case of series L-C-R circuit, at resonance. (S) current and voltage are in phase
(T) None
B. Only resistor in an a.c. circuit.
107. In column I, variation of current with time t is
C. Only inductor in an a.c. circuit.
given in figures. In column II root mean square
D. Only capacitor in an a.c. circuit.
current irms and average current are given.
Column II
Match the column I with corresponding
P. Current in the circuit has same frequency as that quantities given in column II.
of source voltage. Column I
Q. Voltage lags the current by  / 2 . i i
R. Current lags the voltage by  / 2 . i0 i0
S. Reactance of the circuit is zero. t t
0 0
T. Current is in phase with applied voltage. (A) T/2 T
(B) T/2 T
104. Column I -i0 -i0
A. For square wave having peak value v0.
B. For sinusoidal wave having peak value v0. i
i0 i
C. Current leads the voltage by  / 2 . i0
D. Wattless current. 0 t
T/2 T 0 t
Column II (C) (D) T/2 T
P. v0 > vrms > vav. Q. In a pure inductance. -i0
R. vav = vrms = v0 S. In a pure capacitance.
105. Figure shows a series LCR circuit connected Column II
to a variable frequency 200 V source. L = 5 H, io
(P) irms 
C  80 F and R  40  . 3
L C (Q) Average current for positive half cycle is io
io
(R) Avreage current for positve half cycle is
2
R
(S) Full cycle averge current is zero.
 (T) irms  io
134
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
108. Column I Column II 111. All voltmeters are ideal and reading of
imax voltmeters V1 and V2 are given by V1  3
R L
volt and V2  4 volt in all cases. Match the
(a) (p)
 w following:
O 0
Column I Column II
imax
R C
V3

(b) (q) V1 V2
 0 w
O L R
R C L imax
(A) (p) V3  5 Volt
(c) (r)
 
C L imax 

(d) (s)
V3
 
109. In the series R-L-C a.c circuit, at resonance V1 V2

Pmax - maximum power dissipation

i0 - maximum current C R
f - frequency of the supply (B) (q) V3  1 Volt
(Given 2  10 )
Column I Column II

(a) power-factor (p) 0
Pmax
(b) i 2 R (q) 0.1 V3
0

(c) 4 f 2 LC (r) 1 V1 V2

(d) X L  X C (s) 0.5 L

110. An LCR series circuit has a current which lags C

behind the applied voltage by  . The voltage (C) (r) V3  7 Volt
across the inductance has a maximum value
equal to twice the maximum of the voltage

across the capacitor. EL  30sin 100t  . If
R  20 , then match the items given in V3
Column-I with that in Column-II
Column I V1 V2
(a) Reactance of capacitor if   450 (s) Current is lagging in
phase from applied voltage
(b) Reactance of inductor if   450 L1 L2
(t) Applied voltage is
(c) Impedance of circuit if   45 0 (D)
lagging in phase from
(d) Reactance of circuit if   600 current
Column II 
(p) 20 (q) 20 3 (r) 40 (s) 20 2
135
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

112. A resistance R and inductance L and a 115. Referring to the given circuit, match column-I
capacitor C all are connected in series with an with column - II
a.c. supply. The resistance R is 16 and for 10mH 100 1F
a given frequency, the inductive reactance of
L is 24 and capacitive reactance of C is 12
. If the current in the circuit is 5 amp, then 
match the following V=10 sin t (Volt)
Column I Column II COLUMN -I
(A) Potential difference across R (P) 100 V A) For   8000 rad / s B) For   10000 rad / s
(B) Potential difference across L (Q) 60 V C) For   10500 rad / s D) For   10000 rad / s
(C) Potential difference across C (R) 120V COLUMN -II
(D) The voltage of A.C supply (S) 80 V p) Peak current in the circuit is less than 0.1A
113. Four different circuit components are given in q) Voltage across the combination and the current
each situation of column I and all the are in same phase
components are connected across an ac source r) Voltage across the combination leads the current
of same angular frequency w  200 rad/s. s) Current through the circuit leads the voltage
across it
The information of phase difference between
116. In column I some ac circuits with meter reading
the current and source voltage in each situation are given and in column II some circuit
of column I is given in column II. Match the quantities are given.
circuit components in column I with Match the entries of column I with the entries
corresponding results in column II of column II
COLUMN - I COLUMN - I COLUMN - II
10 V1

A)
500F
V2
B) A)  p) VR  150 V
5H
200V
V1=158.11V; V2=200V
C) 4H 3F V1

D) 5H
1k
COLUMN - II B) q) VL  50 V

 250V
p) The magnitude of required phase difference is V1=150V
2
V3

q) The magnitude of required phase difference is
4 V2
r) The current leads in phase to source voltage
s) The current lags in phase to source voltage. V1
114. In a series RLC circuit, C)  r) VC  250 V
COLUMN -I COLUMN -II 250V
A) If C decreases p) Z may increase V1=158.11V; V2=291.6V;
V3=150V
B) If L increases q) Z may decrease
C) If R decreases r) Resonant
frequency increases s) Power factor
D) If P.D across L and C s) Resonant D)
 of the circuit 3/5
are increases in magnitude frequency decreases 250V

136
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
117. Referring to Fig. A and B match column - I COLUMN -II
with column - II 1
1mH 1mH p)  
R LC
q) Frequency is increased
1 0.1F 1 0.1F r) space between the plates of capacitor is filled
  with a meterial of high dielectric constant (assuming
V=V0 sin t V=V0 sin t the capacitor to be an air capacitor initially)
COLUMN -I s) A meterial of high permeability is inserted in the
inductor along its axis (assuming the inductor to be
A) In fig. A, for   105 rad/s
an air inductor initially)
B) In fig. A, for   104 rad/s
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
C) In fig. B, for   105 rad/s a) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true;
D) In fig. B, for   10 rad/s
4 statement-II is a correct explanation for
COLUMN -II statement-I
p) Current through the inductor and current through b) Statement-II is true, statement-I is true;
the capacitor are in same phase statement-II is a not a correct explanation
q) Current through the inductor and current through for statement-I
the capacitor are in opposite phase c) Statement-I is true, statement-II is false
r) Current I through the source is zero d) Statement-I is false, statement-II is true
s) Current I through the source is non-zero 119. Statement-I: The D.C and A.C both can be
118. Referring to the given circuit, match column - measured by a hot wire instrument.
I with column - II Statement-II: The hot wire instrument is based
on the principle of magnetic effect of current.
L B1(bulb)
120. Statement-I: The electrostatic energy stored in
capacitor plus magnetic energy stored in inductor
will always be zero in a series LCR circuit driven
 by ac voltage source under condition of resonance.
Statement-IIThe complete voltage of ac source
C B2(bulb) appears across the resistor in a series LCR circuit
driven by ac voltage source under condition of
resonance.
 121. Statement-I : The r.m.s. value of alternating current
is defined as the square root of the average of I2
C B3(bulb) during a complete cycle.
Statement-II : For sinusoidal a.c.
I0
 ( I = I0 sin wt ) Irms  .
2
(Assume the same value of applied voltage 122. Statement-I : In series LCR circuit resonance can
amplitude in each case and also a negligible take place.
internal resistance of the source) Statement-II : Resonance takes if inductive
COLUMN -I reactance and capacitive reactance are equal with
A) Brightness of bulb B1 will increase if phase difference 1800 .
B) Brightness of bulb B2 will increase if 123. Statement-I : In series LCR resonance circuit,
the impedance is equal to the ohmic resistance.
C) Brightness of bulb B3 may increase or decrease Statement-II : At resonance, the inductive
if reactance is equal and opposite to the capacitive
D) Brightness of bulb B3 will be maximum if reactance.

137
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

124. Statement-I : In series LCR circuit, the resonance 131. A series LCR circuit with R = 20  , L = 1.5 H
occurs at one frequency only. and C = 35 F is connected to a variable-
Statement-II : At this frequency, inductive frequency 200 V ac supply. When the
reactance is equal to capacitive reactance. frequency of the supply equals the natural
125. Statement-I : For series RLC network, current frequency of the circuit, what is the average
of circuit in region (1) leading and in region (2) power in Kw transferred to the circuit in one
lagging over applied voltage. complete cycle ?
Statement-II : Overall nature of circuit in region 132. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283 V and
(1) is inductive while in region (2) is capacitive. frequency 50 Hz is applied to a series LCR
circuit in which R  3 , L = 25.48 mH, and
I C = 796 F . Find the impedance of the circuit.
133. Two resistors are connected in series across
(1)
(2) 5V rms source of alternating potential. The
potential difference across 6 resistor is
3Vm . If R is replaced by a pure inductor L of
f1 f such magnitude that current remains same,
then the potential difference across L is
126. Statement-I : In a tube light choke coil is used to L
limit the current and at starting induced emf across
tube light is higher than supply voltage.
Statement-II : Choke coil having higher inductive R 6
reactance than resistance, power factor of choke
coil is more. 
127. Statement-I : Power loss in ideal choke coil will 5V
be zero. 134. In LCR circuit current resonant frequency is
Statement-II : Ideal choke coil has zero power 600 Hz and half power points are at 650 and
factor. 550 Hz. The quality factor is
128. Statement-I : KVL rule can also be applied to 135. An ac ammeter is used to measure current in
a circuit. When a given direct current passes
AC circuit .
through the circuit, the ac ammeter reads 3 A.
Statement-II : Varying electrostatic field is non- When another alternating current passes
conservative through the circuit, the ac ammeter reads 4 A.
INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS Then the reading of this ammeter, if dc and ac
129. A solenoid with inductance L = 7 mH and flow through the circuit simultaneously is
resistance R  44  is first connected to a 136. In a series LCR circuit the voltage across the
resistance, capacitance and inductance is 10
source of direct voltage Vo and then to a V each. If the capacitance is short circuited,
source of sinusoidal voltage with effective
value V = Vo. At what frequency (in KHz) of 10 x
the voltage across the inductance will be
the oscillator will the power consumed by the 2
solenoid be   5.0 times less than in the what is value of x
former case? 137. An ideal choke takes a current of 10 A when
connected to an ac supply of 125 V and 50 Hz.
130. An LCR circuit has L = 10 mH, R = 3  and A pure resistor under the same conditions take
C = 1F connected in series to a source of a current of 12.5 A. If the two are connected
to an ac supply of 100 V and 40 Hz, then the
15cos t  volt. Compute the average energy current in series combination of above resistor
dissipated per cycle (in 10-4) at a frequency
that is 10% lower than the resonance 10 x
and inductor is what is the value of x
frequency. Give the answer in nearest integer. 2
138
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
138. In a region of uniform magnetic induction 143. A coil of resistance 300  and inductance
B  10 2 tesla, a circular coil of radius 30 cm 1.0 henry is connected across an voltage
and resistance  2 ohm is rotated about an axis source of frequency 300 / 2 Hz. The phase
which is perpendicular to the direction of B difference between the voltage and current in
and which forms a diameter of the coil. If the the circuit is
coil rotates at 200 rpm the amplitude of the    
alternating current induced in the coil is___mA A. B. C. D.
2 4 3 6
SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS 144. A circuit draws a power of 550 watt from a
139. A series LCR circuit with L = 0.12H,C=480 source of 220 volt, 50 Hz. The power factor of
nF, R = 23  is connected to a 230 V variable the circuit is 0.8 and the current lags in phase
frequency supply. behind the potential difference. To make the
(a) The source frequency 663 Hz, current amplitude power factor of the circuit as 1.0, The
is maximum and this maximum value is 14.1 A. capacitance should be connected in series with
(b) At the source frequency 663 Hz average power it is
absorbed by the circuit is maximum and the value A. 75  F B. 60  F C. 50  F D. 65  F
of this maximum power is 2300 W. 145. An inductor  X L  2 a capacitor
(c) At the frequencies 648 Hz, 678 Hz of the
source, the power transferred to the circuit is half  X C  8 and a resitance 8  is connected
the power at resonant frequency. The current in series with an ac source. The voltage output
amplitude at these frequencies is 10 A of A.C source is given by V=10cos 100  t .
(d) The Q-factor of the given circuit is 21.7 A. The impedance of the circuit 10
140. An ac source of angular frequency  is fed B. The instant at which voltage between A and
across a resistor R and a capacitor C in series. B is equal to half of the voltage output from
The current registered is I. If now the
frequency of source is changed to  / 3 ( but 1 1  17 
the source at that instant is 100 Tan  24 
maintaining the same voltage), the current in  
the circuit is found to be halved. Calculate the C. The impedance of the circuit is 8
ratio of reactance to resistance at the original D. The instant at which voltage between A and
frequency  . B is equal to half of the voltage output from
3 5 3 4 1 1  24 
A. B. C. D. the source at that instant is 50 Tan  7 
5 3 4 3  
141. A circuit has a coil of resistance 60 ohm and 146. In the figure shown V1 ,V2 ,V3 are AC
inductance 3 henry. It is connected in series voltmeters and A is AC ammeter. The readings
with a capacitor of 4 F and A.C. supply of V1 ,V2 ,V3 and A are 10 V, 20 V, 20 V, 2A
voltage of 200 V and 50 cycle/sec. Calculate respectively. Then
A. the impedance of the coil is 943 R C L
B. the impedance of the coil is 843
C. the p.d. across the inductor coil is 1110V V1 V2 V3
A
D. the p.d. across the capacitor is 924 V
142. A circuit consists of a noninductive resistor of 
50  , a coil of inductance 0.3 H and resistance 50Hz
2 , and a capacitor of 40F in series and is A. the value of R is 5
supplied with 200 volt rms at 50 cycles/sec. 1
Then B. the value of C is  103 F

A. the current lag or lead by an angle150 51
1
B. the power in the circuit is 710.4 W C. the value of L is H
C. the power in the circuit is 640 W 10
D. the current lag or lead by an angle12051 D. the value of source voltage is 10 V

139
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

147. In the figure shown V1 ,V2 ,V3 are AC PREVIOUS IIT QUESTIONS
voltmeters and A is AC ammeter. The readings 150. An inductor of inductance 2.0 mH is connected
across a charged capacitor of capacitance 5.0
of V1 ,V2 ,V3 and A are 10 V, 20 V, 20 V, 2A  F and the resulting L-C circuit is set
respectively. If the inductor is short circuited, oscillating at its natural frequency. Let Q
then denote the instantaneous charge on the
capacitor and I the current in the circuit. It is
R C L
found that the maximum value of Q is 200  C.
(1998)
V1 V2 V3 (a) When Q = 100  C, what is the value of
A
|dI/dt|?
(b) When Q = 200  C, what is the value of  ?

(c) Find the maximum value of I.
50Hz (d) when I is equal to one-half its maximum value,
what is the value of |Q| ?
A. the reading of V1 is 2 5V 151. When an AC source of emf e = E0 sin (100 t) is
connected across a circuit, the phase
B. the reading of V2 is 4 5V
difference between emf e and the current i in
C. the reading of V2 is 2 5V 
the circuit is observed to be , as shown in
2 4
D. the value of A is A
5 the diagram. If the current consists possibly
only of R–C or R–L or L–C in series, find the
148. In a series LCR circuit with an ac source
relationship between the two elements. (2003)
E0  50V , I rns  0.1 amp, R  300 ,
i e
50
frequency v Hz . The average electric

field energy stored in the capacitor and
average magnetic energy stored in the coil are
25 mJ and 5 mJ. Then
(a) R  1k, C  10F (b) R  1k, C  1F
A. capacitance C of capacitor is 20F
(c) R  1k, L  10H (d) R  1k, L  1H
B. inductance L of inductor is 2H
152. In an L-R series circuit, a sinusoidal voltage
C. peak voltage of source is 50 V V = V0 sin  t is applied. It is given that L = 35
D. the sum of rms voltage across the three elements mH, R = 11  , Vrms = 220 V,  /2  = 50 Hz
is 35.4V and  = 22/7. Find the amplitude of current in
149. An LCR series circuit with 100  resistance the steady state and obtain the phase
is connected to an AC source of 200V and difference between the current and the
angular frequency 300 radians per second. voltage. Also plot the variation of current for
When only the capacitance is removed, the one cycle on the given graph. (2004)
current lags behind the voltage by 600 . When V V=V0 somt
only the inductance is removed, the current
leads the voltage by 600 . The average power
t
dissipated in LCR circuit T/4 T/2 3T/2 2T
A. 200 W B. 100 W C. 50 W D. 400 W

140
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS
153. You are given many resistances, capacitors 154. An AC voltage source of variable angular
and inductors. These are connected to a frequency  and fixed amplitude V connected
variable DC voltage source (the first two in series with a capacitance C and an electric
circuits) or an AC voltage source of 50Hz bulb of resistance R (inductance zero). When
frequency (the next three circuits) in different  is increased :
ways as shown in Column II. When a current (A) the bulb glows dimmer
I (steady state for DC or rms for AC) flows (B) the bulb glows brighter
through the circuit, the corrresponding voltage (C) total impedence of the circuit is unchanged
V1 and V2 . (indicated in circuits) are related (D) total impedence of the circuit increases
as shown in Column I . match them (IIT-JEE 2010) LEVEL-VI - KEY
Column I
1) B 2) B 3) D 4) B 5) A 6) C
(A) i  0,V1 is proportional to i 7) C 8) A 9) B 10) C 11) A 12) B
(B) i  0,V2  V1 (C) V1 =0,V2 =V 13) B 14) C 15) B 16) C 17) C 18) D
(D) i  0, V2 is proportional to i 19) D 20) D 21) C 22) C 23) A
Column II 24) (A),(B),(D) 25) (A),(C),(D)
26) A, B, C 27) (A),(C),(D)
V1 V2
28) (B),(D) 29) (A), (D)
6mH
30) (A) 31) A 32) (A), (D)
3F
(p) 33) (B),(C),(D) 34) (A),(B),(C)
V 35) (A),(B) 36) (A, C,D)
37) (B,C,D) 38) A,D
V1 V2
39) B,C,D 40) (A, B,C, D)
41) D 42) B 43) B 44) A 45) C 46) D
6mH 2 47) A, B,C, D 48) B, C 49) (A)50) (C)
(q) 51) (C)52)(A) 53) (C)54) (A)55) (B) 56) (A)
V 57) (A)58) (A)59) (A)60) (C)61) A 62) B
63) B 64) A 65) C 66) D 67) A 68) B
V1 V2
69) A 70) A 71) A 72) A 73) A 74) D
75) C 76) B 77) A 78) C 79) C 80) D
6mH 2 81) B 82) B 83) A 84) B 85) D 86) B
(r) 87) C 88) B 89) A 90) B 91) A 92) C
V 93) C 94) B 95) C 96) D 97) B 98) D

99) A 100) B 101) D 102) B
V1 V2 103) A-p,s,t B- p,s,tC-p, r D - p, q
104) A- R , B - P C - S, D - Q, S
6mH 3F 105) A- R , B - S , C - P, D - Q
(s) 106) A- q, B - s, C- q, r, D - p
V
 107) A-S, B-P, R, S, C- Q,S,T, D-Q
108) A-s; B-r; C-p, D-q
V1 V2 109) A-r; B-s; C-q; D-p
110) A-p; B-r; C-s; D-q
1k 3F 111) A- p, s B - p, t C - q, t D - r, s
(t)
V 112) A – s; B – r; C – q; D – p
 113) A-q,r; B-p,s; C-p,r; D-q,s
141
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

114) A-p,q,r; B-p,q,s; C-q; D-p,q,r,s 8. Z  R 2  2L2

115) A-p, s; B-q; C-p, r; D-q
R 1 100
116) A-p,q,r,s; B-p,r; C-p,q,r,s; D-r cos      Z  200 
2 2 2
117) A-q, r; B-q, s; C-q, r; D-q, s  R2  2L2  Z 2  2L2  Z 2  R2
118) A-Does not match; B-q, r; C-q,r,s; D-p 2
 2L2  4  104  100   3  104  L  100 3
119) C 120) D 121) B 122) A 123) A 124) A
125) C 126) C 127) A 128) C 129) 2 130) 5 100 3 3
 2    50  L  100 3  L  
131) 2 132) 5 133) 4 134) 6 135) 5 136) 1 2  50 
137) 1 138) 6 139) (A), (B), (C), (D)140) A 9. The current leads in phase by  X C  X L 
141) A, C, D 142) A, B 143) B 144) A   37 0
145) A, B 146) A, B, C, D
147) A, B, D 148) A, B, C, D 149) D 10cos 100 t  37 0 
i   cos 100  37 0 
150) (A) 104 A/s (B) zero Z
(C) 2)0 A (D) 1)732 × 10–4 C

151) (A) 152) 20 A,
4
153) A - r,s,t; B-q,r,s,t; C - p,q; D-q,r,s,t XC=XL=6 tan  
XC  X L 3

R 4
154) B
0
 = 37
LEVEL-VI - HINTS
RMS & Average value of AC R=8
2 The instantaneous potential difference across AB
 I dt is
1. I  a  b sin t ; I rms 
 dt  I m   X C  X L  cos 100 t  37 0  90 0 
AC across L-R, L-C, L-C-R of circuit
2. For an ideal tranformer (100% efficient) The instantaneous potential difference across AB
is half of source voltage
 Pin put  Poutput V1I1  V2 I 2
 6 cos 100 t  530   5 cos100 t
VI 40 12.5 
 I1  2 2   2.5 A
V1 40  5 1 24
cos100 t  
 n1 V1
Solving we get 1   7 / 24 
2 25
5 V1 
 n  V  1  40 
 2 2   Instantaneous potential difference
3. Frquency of the current remains same, only 24 24
magnitudes of current changes in a transformer. = 5  volts
25 5
4.4 103 11. Since the circuit is at resonance so current in the
4. I s  Ps / Vs  I s   0.4 A
11103 circuit is in the phase with applied voltage. Voltage
Vrms across inductor leads the current by  / 2 and
I  5.9 amp across a capacitor lags by  / 2 . So the voltage
5. R 2   L 
2
across resistance is lagging by 900 than the voltage
VL  I L  148.2 volt. across capacitor.
6. Resultant voltage = 200 volt 12. Voltage across the capacitor and inductor are same
Since v1 and v3 out of phase, the resultant voltage i.e., VL  VC  IX L  IX C
is equal to v2  v2  200 volt  X L  X C (as they are in series)
1 1  The circuit is in resonance.  z = R
fo    1000Hz Hence, the voltmeter reading across resistor will
7. 2 LC 1 1
2    10 6 be 200 V.
 4
142
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS

V 200 R E
13. I R    2A 23. power factor cos   irms  rms ; ER  Ri
R 100 Z Z
V 200 24. It is given that in series circuit, instantaneous current
I'   2A is zero when instantaneous voltage is maximum.
X L  X C 100
   90o  R  0
2 '2
I I I
R 2 2 A  circuit may be of pure capacitor, pure inductor
or combination of inductor and capacitor.
14. Let: Vs  Vs sin t
25. At resonance XL  XC and Z = R (minimum)
I1  I 01 sin  t   / 2  ; I 2  I 02 sin  t   
XL  XC
X tan   0   0
tan   C ; R
R E E
I 
 1  XC  
R 2   XL  XC 
2 R (maximum).
So phase difference =   2 ; tan  R   2
 
So current is maximum and in phase with applied
V X voltage.
I , tan   L
15. R2   X 
2 R
L 27. V  200 sin 100t 
16. Since Z L  Z C . Current will be same, Comparing the equation with V  Vo sin t we
have peak current
1
So, VZ L  VZC VL  1 2  30   60 volt 200
 Vo  200volt  Vrms  volt  100 2 volt
2
VR  80 1  80 volt
  100  2f  100   f  50 Hz
2 2 2 2
V  V V  L R 80    60  100 volt 28. Pav = VrmsIrms cos 
2 2 If cos   1 then maximum average power =
17. V  I  20  10    X L  X L  X C2 
VrmsIrms = 1000 watt.
2 2 If cos   1then average power will be less than
100  2  30   30  X L  40
1000 wattt.
2 2 2
 50    30    X L  10  So correct option is b, d
29. Here
2
 X L  10   80  20; X L  10  40; X L  50 0.4
18. Total resistance R  20  40  60 X L   L  2fL  2  50   40

The impedance of LCR circuit is given by R = 30 
2 2
Z  R 2   X L  X C   60 2  100  20   100 2 2 2 2
 Z  R  X L  30  40  50
Power factor, cos   R / Z  60 /100  0.6 Vrms 200
Irms    4A .
 Z 50
1 
19. | Erms  Ri  j   L    i 30. R  11, X L  X C  120 
 C 
110
Erms  Ri  j VL  VC  Z  11, I   10 A
11
Erms  RI  V  220 V VC  VL  120  10  1200 V ; VR  110 V
I  220 /100  2.2 amp 31. Energy = Average power  time
2
Erms when resistance is removed, cos   0
22. Pave  cos  some impedance should be added
Z  V
in series such that resonance is to be obtained to
  ;  i  0 sin  t   
2 Z
become power factor unity.
143
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

2
32. V 2  VR2   VL  VC  But VL = VC Vdc 12 V 12
43. R    3 ; Z  ac   5
VR i 4 i 2.4
 VR  V  200 V and i   2A
use Z  R 2  2 L2
R
33. Vrms = 100 V. Peak value of voltage = 100 2V . After capacitor is connected in series with the coil
2
100 2 Z '  R2   X L  X C 
Peak value of current   2 2A
50
34. In series LCR circuit current remains same. Vac
 irms  P  i2 R
Let I  Io sin t VR  IoR sin t Z ' ave rms
V0  1 
    i0   L ~ 
VL  Io XL sin  t   ; VC  Io XC sin  t   2 1 C
 2  2 45. 2  1  ;   tan  
R   L    R 
  C   
VL leads the current by a phase angle of
radian.
2 i  i0 sin  t   

VC lags behind the current by phase anlge of V1
2
radian. V2 V0
VR is in phase with I. V2 VL
46.
But voltage across series combination of LCR is V  

2
V1 Vr
= VR2   VL  VC  Power dissipated in the coil is
2 P  iV2Cos ..... (1)
 2 1 
35. Z  R   L  ;
C 
2 2 2
 and V  V  V  2V1V2 cos 
0 1 2 ..... (2)
Vrms V1
Irms  ; VC  Irms XC and i  ..... (3)
Z R
36. v1  v2  xL  xC V02  V12  V22
Solving P 
1 2R
 f   125 Hz Total power dissipated in the circuit is
2 LC
V
v 200 P '  iV0 cos , i  1
I0  0  = 2A R
R 100
V1  Vr V1  V2 cos 
1 and Cos  V 
v1  v2  IX L  L   L   IL. V0
LC 0

V02  V12  V22

1
L
2
2 /  Solving P ' 
2R
C  8 10 6
/   = 1000 volt
47. irms  5 A
V0
41. i0  ; Z P  R12  X C2 ; Z Q  R22  X L2 Reading of voltmeter  irms R  X c
2 2
R
3
VP  i0 Z P and VQ  i0 Z Q From this X C  20    10 rad / s
V  X L   L  20
42. i  , V  i0 L
R L Therefore the circuit is in resonance
i  1  Erms  irms R  50V also power factor = 1
 L  
VC  and 0  C 
0C Tan 45  Av, power  Erms irms cos   250W
R
144
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS

XL V out
Voltage gain  2 56. As   0,  CR
R VS
48. Brightness is proportional to power dissipated Vout
2 57. As   , 1
E R
rms VS
 P  2
Z 58. AC ammeters are based on heating effect of
VR 2.0V sin 10 t  3 current. Heat produced depends on RMS current.
49. i   Hence AC measuring instrument measures its rms
R 100
value.
 2.0  102 A sin 103 t  T /2
2
50. XL  L  10   4H   4.0  10 ohm
3 3 59. (a) Vrms   V 2dt
T 0
51. Amplitude of voltage across inductor, V0  I0 X L T /2
2 2 2 2 T
 2.0  102 A 4.0  103 ohm = 80 volts Vrms   Vo2dt  .Vo 
T 0 T 2
52. rms value of voltage across the source
Vrms  Vo
100 2
Vrms   100 Volt T/2
2 2 2Vo
(b) Vrms  T  V 2dt 
From question,   1000 rad / s 0 3
Vrms Vrms 2Vo
i rms   (c) Vrms   2 Vo
|Z| R 2  X L  X C 
2
2

Vrms
(d) Vrms  Vo So correct option is (a).

2 Area of the graph for time t  0 to T

R 2   L 
1 
 60. Vav  Time int erval
 C 
1 T
  2Vo  0
100 2 2 VT V
 Vav   o  o
2 T 2T 2
 1 
1000  2
 1000  2  6  61. P  irms Vrms cos  ; Vrms  260 volt
 1000  1  10 
 0.0707 amp Vrms 260 R 10
irms    10 ; P.F. = cos   
Since the curernt will be same every where in the Z 26 z 26
circuit, therefore  2

P.D. across resistor  1 
 z  R    L 
2
 26 
   c  
VR  i rms R  0.0707  1000  70.7 volts  
53. P.D. across inductor  10 
 P  10  260     1000 w..
VL  i rms XL  0.0707  1000  2  141.4 volt  26 
54. P.D. across capalitor VC  i rms X C 1
1 62. Resonance frequency =
 0.0707   70.7 volts 2 LC
1  1000  106 1 1
VS  100 250
2  2 103 
Vout 
2
 R 2  2L2 2 10  4 10 
2 4
4 
55.  1  ;
R 2   L 
 C  E i0 E

70. i0  and 2 2
R   X L  XC 
2
Vout R2  2L2 R2  2L2 R
  2
Vs  1 
2
 1  103
2 R 2   L 
R   L  
C   C
 Solving 3R   R  30
 6

145
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

1 103 1 N 100
2
71. 0  ;L  mH  0.05mH Hence N 2  V  V2   2400  2000
LC 500  4 2 1 120
0 L 314 97. V1i1  V2i2 (or ) P1  P2
72. Q    10.4
R 30.01 99. Transformer does not work with DC input
73. RB  3; Z B  5 L 1
100. Tan1  R ; Tan2  CR
3
Z B  RB2  X B2  4; p. f   0.6 1 2

5   1  2
2
74.  P  i RC rms
200 2  
75. RA  6, RB  3, RC  8 i1  sin 100t  
101. 2
 3
R12   L 
Z A  7, Z B  5, ZC  10
R(total) = 6+3+8 = 17 200 2  
and i2  sin  100t  
X A  7 2  62  3.6  1 
2
 6
R22   
X B  4; X C  6  C 
X(total) = 3.6+4+6=13.6  102. At any time total current i  i1  i2
Total impedance = R 2  X 2  21.8 m 103. (A) R-LC circuit at resonance
R 17 At resonance, XL  XC  Net reactance = 0.
Power factor =   0.78
Z 21.8 2
Z  R2   XL  XC   R
87.   BA cos  t
If E  Eo sin o t then I  Io sino t where
d
e  BA sin  t Eo
dt Io 
R
vrms BA / 2  Frequency of current is saem as frequency of
irms  
Z 1 
2 alternating voltage source.
 2
L   R XL  XC
  C  tan   0  0
R
0.1 103  63  current is in phase with applied voltage.
 (B) Only resistor in an ac circuit
2
 1  
2 Frequency of current is same as frequency of
2  63  0.1    10   applied voltage.
 63  0.01  
Reactance of the circuit is zero.
 4.0  10 5 A X
tan   0  0
 B 2 A2 2   R  R
88. E  Vrms irms cos t      50 So current is in phase with applied voltage.
 2 Z   Z 
(C) Only inductor in ac circuit
2
Let applied voltage E  Eo sin t
 0.1 2 103   632 10 50 
  
 1 
2
2
 5 Current in the circuit, I  Io sin  t  2  , where
2  63  0.1    10   8.12  10 J  
 63  0.01  Eo
Io 
1 1 XL
89.     31.6 rad / s
 Frequency of current is same as applied voltage.
LC  0.1 0.01
Current lags behind applied voltage.
1N 2 N (D) Only capacitor in an a.c. circuit
96. V  V (we can see from the table)
1 2

146
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS

  (B) If   r and XL  XC , Z = R.
Current I  Io sin  t   The circuit will be resistive in nature, so the current
2
 
Frequency of current is same as applied voltage. will be in phase with voltage. B  S 
 (C) If   2r then XL  XC . So voltage will lead
Current leads the applied voltage by .
2 the current.
104. (A) Square wave having peak value Vo.
When   r , XL  XC .
T/2
2
Vav   Vdt  Vo If   2r then
T 0
X 'L   2r  L  2r L  2XL  2XC .
T/2
2
2
Vrms   V 2dt  Vrms  Vo So if   2r then new inductive reactance will be
T 0 two times the capacitive reactance in magnitude.
Vo  Vrms  Vav (D) If   r then XL  XC . The circuit will be
(B) Sinusoidal wave: V = Vo sin t capacitive in nature.
So the current will lead the applied voltage.
2Vo V
Vav  , Vrms  o T
 2 1 2
107. Irms  I dt
 Vo  Vrms  Vav T 0
(C) In pure capacitor circuit current leads the 2
T/2

 In half cycle, Iav   Idt

T
voltage by . 0
2 T
(D) Wattless current flows due to reactance of the 1
In full cycle, Iav  T  Idt
circuit. 0
(i.e. XL, XC or both) Now calculate for different wave form.
2 Io
2  1  (A) Irms 
105. Z  R   L  2
 C 
2Io
(a) At resonance, XL  XC . So Z = R = 40 In half cycle, Iav 

(b) At resonance Z = R = 40 ;
I
In full cycle, av  0 .
200
Irms   5 A  Io  5 2 A 4Io T
40 (B) I  t 0t
T 4
1 1
(c) o  LC   50 T /4 T /4 2
5  80  10 6 2 4 4  4Io  I
Irms   I2dt    T t  dt  o
T T   3
XL  oL  50  5  250  0 0

Io
VL  Irms XL  250  5  1250 volt Irms  In half cycle,
3
(d) At resonance, VR  IR  5  40  200 volt
1 T
 I
area 2 2 o Io
Iav   
XL XL time T 2
2
106. In full cycle Iav  0
XC
(C) I  Io 0 < t < T/2
r
 2
T/2
2 T 2
2 2 2
Irms   I dt  T .I   Io ; Irms  Io
(A) If   r then XL  XC , the circuit will be T 0
o
2
inductive in nature. So voltage will lead the current.

147
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

T E0 X  XC
a rea
 Io 115. i0  ; Tan  L
Ia v   2  Io Z R
In half cycle, tim e T T
2 2
 I dt
0
In full cycle Iav  0 Irms 
121. Definition of rms current, T

(D) I = Io 0 < t < T/2  dt

0
I=0 T/2 < t < T
T T/2 T T
1 1  1 T I2  2
Irms  I dt
T 0
2
I
rms   I2 dt    Io2 dt   0dt   Io2  o If I  Io sin t then ;
T0 T 0 T/2  T 2 2
Io T
1 2 I
 Irms  In half cycle, Iav = Io. Irms  Io sin tdt  o
2 
T0 2
In full cycle, Iav = Io/2 So both statements are true but statement-2 is not
110. Impedance Z  R 2  X 2 correct explanation of statement-1.
122. In a series R-L-C circuit resonance can takes
Reactance X  X L  X C
place, because at a particular frequency of ac
3 source, the impedance can be minimum.
5
2
Z  R2   XL  XC 
111. (A) V3  5V current is lagging
37
0 Resonance means current is maximum 
4 Impedance is minimum  XL  XC .
4
-370 123. In series R-L-C circuit Z  R2   XL  XC 2
At resonance I should be maximum
(B) 5 V3  5V Voltage is lagging
 Impedance Z should be minimum
3  XL  XC and the minimum impedance is R (at
3 resonance)
124. Z  R2   XL  XC 2
(C) V3  1V Voltage is lagging 1
At resonance XL  XC  oL   C
o
4
1 1
4  2foL   fo 
2foC 2 LC
Resonance frequency depends on L and C.
(D) 3V  7V Current is lagging
3 VM2
129. In case of direct current, PDC 
R
The impedance of LR circuit is
112. ER  Ri and i  5 A
Z  R2  XL2  R2  2L2
EC  X C i ; EL  X L i
The voltage of AC source means RMS voltage VM VM
 IM  
2
Z R 2  2L2
E  ER2   EL  EC 
2 VM2R
 PAC  IMR 
 1 
2
1 R2  2L2
; 
2
114. Z  R    L 
  C  LC According to the problem, PDC  PAC

148
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS

VM2 VM2R 1

 2 3 1
R

  L 2  R   L 2  133. Initially i    R  4  ; i A
or R2 1   or R 1   R 6 2
   
  R     R   When R is replaced by L, i does not change
R 2 R 2 1 5
or     1  2v   1   ;  X L  8
L L 2 4  X L2
2

R 1
v 2  1  2kHz VL  iX L   8  4V
2L 2
130.   1  1
 10 4 rad / s Resonant frequency f0
o
LC 2
10  10  6
134. Q  Band width

f 2  f1
10 135. At an instant current in the circuit is
w  wo  o  9  103 rad/s
100
Hence i  3  4 2 sin t
XL  L  9 103  102  90  T
1 2
Reading of ammeter is  i  i dt
T 0
1 1
XC    111.11
C 9  10  106
3

136. The source voltage is

X  XC  XL  111.11  90  21.11
2
Impedance Z  R2  X2  3 2   21.112 V  10 2  10  10   10V

Z  21.32  After capacitor is short circuited, let V1 be voltage

across each of inductor, resistor
15 2 i2
Io   0.704 A ; Pav  irmsR oR 10
21.32 2 10  V12  V12  2V1 ; V1 
1 2
2
=   0.704   3  0.74 watt
2 125 12.5
137. 2 50 L  ; L 
W 9  10 3 10 100
f  cycle / s So energy per cycle
2 2 125
and R   10
0.74 12.5
 5.16  10 4  5  10 4 Joules / cycle
 9  10 3  In the series combination of L and R
=  
 2  100 100 10
i  
131. When frequency of supply is equal to natural 2
R   2 40 L 
2
2 2
2
frequency,
10  10
NBA
then XL  XC . Z  R2   XL  XC 2  R 138. i0 
R
V V 2 200  200 139. (a) Amplitude of current is maximum at resonance
Pav  VIcos   V. 1 
R R 20 frequency.
Pav  2000 watt  2kW 1 1
fr    663 Hz
132. To find the impedance of the circuit, we first 2 LC 2  3.14 0.12  480  10 9
calculate X L and X C . Vrms 230
Irms    10A Io  Irms . 2  14.14 A
X L  2fL R 23
 2  3.14  50  25.48  103   8 (b) Resonance frequency, power absorbed by
circuit is maximum.
1 1 So f = 663 Hz.
XC    4
2 fC 2  3.14  50  796  106 2 2
Pav  IrmsR  10  23  2300 watt
Therefore,
r L R
Z  R 2  (X L  X C ) 2  32  (8  4) 2  5 (c) Q factor =  r   
2 R 2L
149
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

23 23 XL 
     95.833 tan    1   (lagging)
2  0.12 0.24 R 4
Let f be half power frequency. 144. As the current lags behind the potential difference,
the circuit contains resistance and inductance.
2  f ~ fo   95.833  f ~ fo  15 Hz
Power, P = vrms × irms × cos  ;
f  fo  15  663  15  648 Hz and 678 Hz Here,
1 1 I V
I2R  Pmax  Io2R  I  o  10 Amp i rms  rms , where Z  [(R 2  (L) 2 )]
2 2 2 Z
(d) Q factor 
1 L 1 0.12 2 2
  21.7 Vrms  cos  v rms  cos 
= P or Z  ;
R C 23 480  109 Z P
V (220) 2  0.8
140. Z  R 2  XC2 , I So, Z   70.4 ohm
2 2
R X C 550
V I' R 2  X2C R
I'   Now, power factor cos   or R = Z cos 

R 2  3XC2  I R2  9XC2
Z
 R = 70.4 × 0.8 = 56.32 ohm
1 R 2  X 2C Further,
 ; R2  9XC2  4R 2  4X2C
4 R2  9XC2 Z 2  R 2  (L) 2 or (L)  (Z2  R 2 ) Or
XC 3
5X2C  3R2 ;  L  (70.4)2  (56.32) 2  42.2 ohm
R 5
When the capacitor is connected in the circuit,
V
141. Z  R2   XL  XC 2 ; Irms   2  2
1  
2 Z   R   L    and
Impedance of coil = Z1  R2  XL2   C  
Potential drop across the coil R
2 2
cos  
= Irms Z1  Irms R  X  2  2
L 1  
Potential drop across capacitor = VC  Irms XC  R   L   
  C  
142. Total resistance R  50  2  52 
1
L = 0.3 H, C  40  106 F when cos   1, L 
C
2
Z  R2   XL  XC  ; 1 1
 C 
XL  L  2    50  0.3  30  (L) 2f (L)
1 1 1
XC    250   6
.
C 2    50  40  106 (2  3.14  50)  (42.2)  75  10 F  75F
XC  XL so current leads the applied voltage. 145.
XL=2  XC=8 8
2 2 2
Z  R2   XL  XC    52    30  250   A
B

Vrms
Irms 
2 

2
Erms R Erms R 2
Pav  ErmsIrms cos   Erms   a) Impedance of circuit = R2   X C  X L 
2 2 2
2
300 Z  82   8  2   10
143. XL  2fL  2   1  300  ; R  300 
2
150
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV ALTERNATING CURRENTS

b) The current leads in phase by  X C  X L  2  I 

2

  Ir R    I r L  r 
  37 0  C 
10cos 100 t  37 0  2
 102   20  20   10 volts
i   cos 100  37 0 
Z After the inductor is shorted
Vs 10 2
Ir    A
XC  X L 3 2 1 25  10 5
XC=XL=6 tan  
R

4
R  2 2
C
 = 37
0
Ir
v1  I r R  2 5 volts; v2   4 5 volts
R=8 c
The instantaneous potential difference across AB 148. [Link] field energy =
is 1 2  3
 I m   X C  X L  cos 100 t  37 0  900   CVrms   25 10 J
2 
 6 cos 100 t  530  1 2
 C  I rms X C   25  103 J
The instantaneous potential difference across AB 2
is half of source voltage. 1 1
 C I 02 2 2 2
 25 10 3 J
 6 cos 100 t  530   5 cos100 t 2 2 v c
 C  20  F
7 1  17 
Solving, Tan 100t   t  Tan 1   1 2 
24 100  24  Average magnetic energy  LI rms   L  2H
2 
146. Let I r be the rms current through the circuit then
2  5  103
I L 
I r  2 A, r  20V , I rC  20 V and I r R  10V 2 L =1 heriry
C .10 
Solving we get VR  I rms R  VC  50V = VL  I rms L
1 1
R  5, C   103 F and L = H 1
 10   .10  
 .10  .300  50 
 Vs  source voltage = 2   .20 106
 t
2
 1  50
Ir  R2  L  
 C    .10   2 I 
2
2
2  I 
  Ir R    Ir L  r   VR  30V  VC  50V  VL  10V
 C 
50
rsm voltage of source Erms 
2
 102   20  20   10 volts
2
147. Let I r be the rms current through the circuit then  Erms  35.36V
I 150. (a) 104 A/s (b) zero (c) 2.0 A
I r  2 A, r  20V , I rC  20 V and I r R  10V (d) 1.732 × 10–4 C
C
Solving we get This is a problem of L – C oscillations
Charge stored in the capacitor oscillates simple
1 1
R  5, C   103 F and L = H harmonically as Q = Q0 sin (  t ±  )
 10 Here, Q0 = maximum value of
 Vs  source voltage = Q = 200  C = 2 × 10–4 C
2 1 1
 2 1  = = (2  10–3 H )(5.0  106 F ) = 104 s–1
Ir  R  L   LC
 C 
Let at t = 0, Q = Q0 then … (1)
151
 ALTERNATING CURRENTS JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- IV

Q(t) = Q­0 cos  t V  220 2 stv 

dQ v, t
I= = – Q0  sin  t and …(2) t  20 sin (t /4)
dt 20
0 T 9T/8
dI t
= –Q0  2 cos (  t) …(3) T/8 T/4 T/2 5T/2
dt 10 2
Q 1
(a) When Q = 100  C or 0 , cos t 
2 2
From Eq. (3) : 153. In the Circuit (P), as i is the steady state
dI 1 current, V1  0, i  0 . Hence V2  V .
–4 4 –1 2  
dt
= (2.0 × 10 C)(10 s ) 2 So (P)  C,
dI In the Circuit (Q), in the steady state, V1  0 as
4
dt = 10 A/s
di
(b) When Q = 200  C or Q0 then cos (  t) = 1  0 . So V2  V  iR
dt
i.e.,  t = 0, 2  ….
or I = 0 (OR) V2  i and V2  V1
(c) Imax = Q0  = (2.0 × 10–4 C)(104 s–1) So (Q)  B,C,D.
Imax = 2.0 A In the Circuit (R), the inductive reactance
(b) From energy conservation. X L   L  6  101  and resistance
1 2 1 1 Q2 R = 2 .
LI max = LI2 + or Q = 2
LC ( I max  I2)
2 2 2 C So V1  iX L and V2  iR . Hence V2  V1 .
I So (R)  A,B,D.
I = max = 1.0 A
2
In the circuit (S), V1  iX L and V2  iX c , Where
 Q = (20  103 )(5.0  106 )(22  I 2 )
10 4
Q = 3 × 10–4 C or Q = 1.732 × 10–4 C Xc  . So V2  V1 and V1  i also, V2  i .
151. (a) 3
Current leads voltage in RC cobination. So (S)  A,B,D
XC 1  In the circuit (T), V1  iR , where R  1000  ,
tan    1  
R CR 4 10 4
and V2  i X c with X c 
 3
152. 20 A,
4 So V2  V1 and V1  i also, V2  i .
Inductive reactance So (T)  A,B,D
XL =  L = (50)(2  )(35 × 10–3) » 11
1 So (A) - r,s,t; (B) - q,r,s,t;
Impedance Z= R 2  X L2 = (11) 2  (11)2 = 11 2  (C) - p,q; (D) - q,r,s,t
Given vrms = 220 volt di q
Hence, amplitude of voltage Note: For circuit (p), V  L   0
dt C
v0 = 2 vrms = 220 2 volt
di d 2i dq
 Amplitude of current OR CV  CL  q  0  CL 2  OR
dt dt dt
v0 220 2
i0 = = = 20 A d 2i 1 dq  1 
Z 11 2 t   .
Phase difference 2
 So, i  io sin 
dt CL dt  CL 
 XL   11   As per given conditions, there will be no steady
f = tan –1
  = tan  11 
–1  =
4 state in circuit .p.. So it should not be
 R 
In L – R circuit voltage leads the current. considered in options of .c..
Hence, instantaneous current in the circuit is, Vrms
i = (20A) sin (  t –  /4) i 
154. rms 1 when  increases, irms
Corresponding i – t graph is shown in figure. R2  2 2
c
increases so the bulb glows brighter

152